Whole Dude – Whole Master: A special tribute to Spymaster John Alexander McCone, the 6th CIA Director who played a leading role during the Cuban Missile Crisis. EXCOMM meeting at the White House Cabinet Room during the Cuban Missile Crisis on October 29, 1962. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – THE GREAT SPYMASTER:
Establishment No. 22 is a military establishment that represents a military pact/alliance between the United States, India, and the Tibetan Government -in-Exile. It came into existence during November 1962 and during 1966, this organization was named Special Frontier Force. Between the Central Intelligence Agency and the members of Special Frontier Force there has been a Master-Student relationship. This organization is the child of CIA’s Secret War in Tibet and it will be correct to recognize CIA as the ‘Mastermind’ of this operation to defend Freedom, and Democracy in the occupied Land of Tibet. The Spirits of Special Frontier Force take this opportunity to pay a special tribute to its ‘Master’, John Alexander McCone(b. January 04, 1902 – d. February 14, 1991) who served as the Director of CIA from November 1961 to April 1965.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: This is a special tribute to Spymaster John Alexander McCone who served as CIA’s 6th Director from November 1961 to April 1965.
John A. McCone obtained a bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from University of California at Berkeley. He built his career in the steel, construction, shipping, shipbuilding, and aircraft production industries. He founded the Bechtel-McCone Steel Company and his role in shipbuilding, and military aircraft production had attracted the attention of President Harry S. Truman who had appointed him to the Air Policy Commission in 1947 to develop strategy for American military airpower. During 1948, he was appointed as the Special Deputy to the Secretary of Defense. In 1950, he was appointed as Undersecretary of the Air Force. President Dwight Eisenhower appointed him as the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission during 1958 and held that position until 1961.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: In this photo taken during 1958, John A. McCone, Chairman of the World Affairs Council is seen with General Lauris Norstad, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers in Europe.Whole Dude-Whole Master: U.S. delegates to the Fourth General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria 1960. Left to Right:- Ambassador John S. Graham, Vice Admiral Paul F. Foster, US Navy(Retd), the Permanent U.S. Representative to the IAEA, and John A. McCone, Chairman of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.
During his tenure as the Chairman of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, John McCone made very significant disclosures about Israel’s nuclear capabilities. After the disaster of the Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba, President Kennedy forced the resignation of the CIA director Allen Welsh Dulles and Richard Bissell, the Deputy Director for Plans and Operations who had a major role in making the plan for this CIA’s Black Operation. In a very surprising, and sudden move, President Kennedy called John McCone, a Republican to take charge of the Central Intelligence Agency disregarding the fact that McCone had no prior experience in Intelligence.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: President John F. Kennedy’s selection of Spymaster during 1961. Left to Right:- Allen Welsh Dulles, 5th Director of CIA, Richard Bissell, Deputy Director of Plans/Operations, President John F. Kennedy, and the newly selected 6th Director of CIA, John A. McCone.Whole Dude-Whole Master: September 27, 1961. President Kennedy with CIA Director Allen Dulles and his new pick, John A. McCone.Whole Dude-Whole Master: November 29, 1961. President John F. Kennedy with outgoing CIA Director Allen Dulles.Whole Dude-Whole Master: November 29, 1961. President John F. Kennedy welcomes the 6th Director of CIA, John Alexander McCone.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: John Alexander McCone gets the task of “rebuilding” CIA after the Bay of Pigs debacle.Whole Dude-Whole Master: A new chapter in the history of CIA. John Alexander McCone became the “Government’s principal foreign intelligence Officer” and he would work the heads of all departments and agencies, such as the State, Defense, the Attorney General, and the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, that have responsibilities in the foreign intelligence field. In this photo McCone is seen with Robert Kennedy, the Attorney General. The DCI would coordinate and direct the total intelligence community.
John McCone played a leading role in strengthening the intelligence gathering abilities of CIA by launching a technological revolution. On August 05, 1963, he created the Directorate of Science and Technology.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: May 01, 1964. Presidential candidate, New York State Governor, Nelson a. Rockefeller gets Intelligence briefing. Left to Right:John McCone, DIC; Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller; Robert S. McNamara, Defense Secretary; Dean Rusk, Secretary of State. Photo credit: Francis Miller/Time & Life.
McCone was responsible for a number of covert operations in Vietnam, Laos, Cuba, Ecuador, and Brazil. John McCone was present in the meeting held at The White House on November 19, 1962 to enter into an agreement/pact with India, and the Tibetan Government-in-Exile to formulate Establishment No. 22/Special Frontier Force to address the military threat posed by People’s Republic of China’s military occupation of Tibet. This operation that involves India and Tibet remains a secret. McCone was a key figure during the October 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. He had predicted that the Soviet Union would place offensive nuclear weapons in Cuba. However, he had differences with President Lyndon B. Johnson and had resigned from his post during April 1965 and was replaced by Admiral William F. Raborn. President Ronald Reagan during 1987 presented John McCone with the Presidential Medal of Freedom.
I say that John McCone was one of the best managers that CIA ever had. What do you want to say???
Rudra N. Rebbapragada, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.,
Organization: The Spirits of Special Frontier Force.
Whole Dude – Whole Master: Spymaster John Alexander McCone created the Directorate of Science and Technology on August 05, 1963 and launched technological revolution in Intelligence. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
The Spymaster of Special Frontier Force: Director of the Central Intelligence Agency Richard Helms, in the White House Cabinet Room. His famous quote: “God did not give prescience to human beings.” (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AND THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY:
The Spirits of Special Frontier Force would like to pay a respectful tribute to Richard McGarrah Helms( b. March 30, 1913 – d. October 23, 2002, Washington D.C. ), the Chief Spymaster of the Central Intelligence Agency from June 1966 to February 1973.
Whole Dude – Whole Spy : Richard M Helms during the year 1980, in this White House ceremony received an award from President Ronald Reagan for “Exceptionally Meritorious Service.” It may be noted that George Herbert Walker Bush who was the Vice President at that time had also served as the Director of CIA (1976-1977)during the presidency of Gerald Ford.
RICHARD M HELMS – THE INTELLIGENCE PROFESSIONAL:
Whole Dude – Whole Spy: Richard Helms was appointed as the eighth Director of CIA on June 30, 1966. In a function held in the East Room, White House, President Lyndon B. Johnson is seen speaking to Dennis Helms, son of the newly sworn in CIA Director.Whole Dude – Whole Spy: This World War II era letter from Richard Helms to his young son Dennis reveals the long history of meritorious service rendered by Helms since the time he served in the wartime Office of Strategic Services. This letter is most interestingly written on Adolf Hitler’s private stationery.
Richard Helms was the chief architect of the legislation, National Security Act of September 1947 that created the Central Intelligence Agency replacing the wartime Office of Strategic Services. CIA came into existence during the presidency of Harry S Truman, 33rd President of the US(1949-1952). The National Security Council that is chaired by the President formed in 1949, CIA was established in 1951.
Whole Dude – Whole Spy: The Original Headquarters Building(OHB) reflects the vision of Allen Welsh Dulles, the 5th Director of CIA. CIA is the principle Intelligence and Counterintelligence agency of the US Government. It is organized as 1. The Intelligence Directorate, 2. The Directorate of Operations which includes espionage, 3. The Directorate of Science and Technology, and 4. The Directorate of Administration.The entrance to the Central Intelligence Agency headquarters. In a world of sovereign nations, information is a prime element of national power. Intelligence is best defined as evaluated information, is the vital and pivotal foundation for national decisions. The Director of CIA is Adviser to the National Security Council which is chaired by the President. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Richard Helms was commissioned into US Naval Reserve during 1942 and served as Lieutenant Commander. He had served with Office of Strategic Services and its successors from 1943 to 1947. He held various appointments within the CIA. He was the Deputy Director of Plans from 1962 to 1965. He was the Deputy Director of the CIA from April 28, 1965 to June 1966. Intelligence in service to Liberty found an unsurpassed Champion in Richard Helms who served two presidents, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Richard M. Nixon.
Whole Dude – Whole Spy: June 30, 1966 The White House. Richard Helms replaced CIA Director William F. Raborn who served from 1965 to 1966. The 5th Director of CIA, Allen Welsh Dulles attended this swearing-in ceremony.
Allen Welsh Dulles, the 5th Director of CIA told US Congress, “The CIA should be directed by a relatively small but elite corps of men with a passion for anonymity and a willingness to stick at that particular job.” Helms truly depicts the qualities demanded by Allen Welsh Dulles. Helms said, “Intelligence was not merely a job but rather a calling.” He had asked his employees to “Make Intelligence a profession, not just an occupation.”
Whole Dude – Whole Spy: During the presidency of Richard Nixon, the CIA Director was placed under tremendous pressure to accomplish the political agenda of the President without real concern for national interests.Whole Dude-Whole Spy: The National Security Council briefing by CIA Director Richard Helms. It must be noted that Dr. Henry Kissinger had used his position to undermine the importance of Central Intelligence Agency. Kissinger had also undermined the role of the Secretary of State before he became the Secretary of State. Kissinger’s foreign policy initiatives are not based upon analysis of Intelligence.
Between 1950 and 1973, the CIA had also carried on extensive mind-control experiments at universities, prisons, and hospitals which included the use of LSD and other mind-altering drugs on unwitting test subjects. However, there is a huge concern about CIA tactics to prevent Salvador Allende from winning the 1970 elections in Chile and later when CIA worked to topple him from power. CIA had tried to assassinate several foreign leaders, including Fidel Castro of Cuba. But, the CIA had not acted on its own and was only trying to serve the political bosses of their times.
Whole Dude-Whole Spy: Richard Helms got ensnared in US Congress’s investigation because a successor, William Colby released a trove of documents, nicknamed “The Family Jewels” detailing the misdeeds of the Agency. Helms testified in Congressional hearings.Whole Dude – Whole Spy: Apart from the Congressional hearings, Richard Helms had faced news media during April 1975 and spoke to reporters who had very little understanding of Agency’s great performance in other countries.Whole Dude-Whole Spy: Damage was done to the personal reputation of Richard Helms and he was painted as a dangerous CIA Director while he tried his best to serve the President and the country without any political bias.Whole Dude – Whole Spy: The CIA celebrated its 50th Anniversary during 1997 and the former Director Helms was most warmly received and was acknowledged for his great contribution to the Organization in a variety of capacities.
It may be noted that there is not much awareness about CIA’s covert operations inside countries like Tibet. I sincerely appreciate the dedication of CIA officers who had served in Southeast Asia to defend freedom, and democracy in the occupied Land of Tibet.
Whole Dude-Whole Spy: The CIA covert operations inside Tibet led to the creation of a military organization called Establishment Number. 22, or Special Frontier Force which was formed in 1962 during the presidency of John F. Kennedy.
I would like to recognize Richard M. Helms as a Cold War era Hero who did his best to support and encourage the cause of political freedom, liberty, and democracy in the world in very difficult times.
Whole Dude-Whole Spy: The Spirits of Special Frontier Force recognizes CIA Director Richard Helms as a Cold War era Hero. Helms was skeptical about the likely success of large-scale covert actions meant to manipulate political and economic events abroad. CIA should not try to bite more than what it can chew.
I say Richard Helms is a great Spymaster who had ever served the Central Intelligence Agency and what do you want to say???
Rudra N. Rebbapragada/R. Rudra Narasimham,
Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.
Organization: The Spirits of Special Frontier Force.
The Central Intelligence Agency must become the Champion of Freedom and Democracy in the rest of the world. In its entire history of existence, the CIA’s work in Tibet truly reflects the ideals of Human Rights, Peace and Liberty. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
THE U. S. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY – OPERATION FREE TIBET:
On behalf of ‘The Spirits of Special Frontier Force’, I am pleased to post this special tribute to John Foster Dulles who served as the US Secretary of State(1953 to 1959) under President Dwight D. Eisenhower.
John Foster Dulles was the architect of major elements of US Foreign Policy in the Cold War era after World War II. He was the architect of the policy to oppose Communist expansion and laid the foundation for the creation of a military alliance/pact between the United States, India, and Tibet to defend Freedom, and Democracy in the occupied Land of Tibet.The Spirits of Special Frontier Force pay tribute to this US Secretary of State for providing military assistance to Tibetan people to resist the military occupation of their Land by People’s Republic of China.
John Foster Dulles( b. February 25, 1888, Washington, D.C. – d. May 24, 1959, Washington,D.C.) was described by President Eisenhower in the following words: “He is one of the truly great men of our time.” Dulles was awarded the Medal of Freedom during May 1959 just prior to his death.
This Freedom Medal that was awarded to the US Secretary of State John Foster Dulles during May 1959 truly represents the aspirations of Tibetan people to find Freedom and Democracy in their occupied Land of Tibet. This Medal gives them the hope and encouragement to resist the military occupation by People’s Republic of China.
Dulles belonged to a family that served the United States with great distinction and honor. His maternal grandfather, John Watson Foster served as Secretary of State under President Benjamin Harrison. His uncle, Robert Lansing was Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson. Dulles had specialized in international law. He was the US delegate to the San Francisco Conference that created the United Nations and he had served as the US Representative to the United Nations from 1945-1949. He negotiated Japanese Peace Treaty 1951 formally ending World War II. He formulated a policy of collective security of the US and its allies through foreign economic and military aid. He advocated the development of nuclear weapons and became a leading figure in the Cold War. In 1954, he initiated the Manila Conference which resulted in the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization(SEATO). In 1955 he initiated the Baghdad Pact later named the Central Treaty Organization(CENTO). His foreign policy was determined by his profound detestation of Communism. As an international lawyer, he strongly believed in the value of treaties. His passionate hostility to Communism was the testimony of his policy. Under his stewardship, go “to the brink” of War had become a necessary aspect of US diplomacy. When the Tibetans fought to oust the Chinese, he had initiated the Central Intelligence Agency’s Secret War in Tibet. His younger brother, Allen Welsh Dulles, 5th Director of CIA directed this military operation to establish the Tibetan Resistance Movement.
January 24, 1953.Central Intelligence Agency-Operation Free Tibet. Allen Welsh Dulles, the 5th Director of Central Intelligence Agency, the younger brother of John Foster Dulles took the initiative to address the problem of military threat posed by Communist China’s expansion into Southeast Asia.SECRET WAR IN TIBET by Kenneth Conboy and James Morrison, published by The University Press of Kansas provides a detailed account of the Struggle for Freedom in Tibet.The quest for Freedom in Tibet. A military training Camp known as Camp Hale was established in Colorado under the supervision of CIA officers Roger E. McCarthy and John Reagan.
The geopolitical interests of the United States are best served by the defeat of the Chinese Communism and the achievement of Tibetan Self-Determination. The Spirits of Special Frontier Force acknowledge John Foster Dulles as the Man of Freedom, and the Champion of Liberty.
FREEDOM IN TIBET: THE WAR AGAINST COMMUNISM. John Foster Dulles and US President Dwight D Eisenhower continued the “TRUMAN DOCTRINE” to combat Communism using military alliances and pacts.
I say the United States must support the cause of Freedom and Democracy in the occupied Land of Tibet and what do you want to say?
Central Intelligence Agency – Operation Free Tibet: Eleanor Roosevelt and John Foster Dulles, the champions of Human Rights at United Nations in Paris – (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
FREEDOM HOUSE’S FREEDOM IN THE WORLD MAP: I lived in India since my birth and I left India during 1984 due to a concern about my Freedom after alienation or estrangement from my birth social community. I had reached the United States during 1986 to discover that I have lost all Freedom; I had given up the Freedom associated with my Indian citizenship and found that my existence is not dependent upon Freedom but on Divine Providence and Divine Grace. Do I have a choice? Is Freedom an entitlement? Is there Freedom in Free World??? Freedom is it self-determined or is it determined by external causes???
The word ‘Freedom’ has many meanings – theological, metaphysical, psychological, moral, natural, and civil. Freedom may mean enjoyment of personal liberty, of not being a slave, nor a prisoner, and in essence it speaks about the freedom in acting and choosing. Freedom may imply the state of not being subject to determining forces. Is it self-determined or is it determined by external causes???
FREEDOM AND FREE WORLD: 54th TIBETAN NATIONAL UPRISING DAY, MARCH 10, 2013:
Kalon Tripa Dr. Lobsang Sangay, political head of the Tibetan people, unfurls and raises the Tibetan National Flag on the 53rd National Uprising Day on March 10, 2012 in Dharamsala, India. Tibetan people are demanding their Right to Natural Freedom that was taken away by the military occupation of their Land. Freedom in Tibet is about oppression caused by foreign occupation.
Freedom in Free World: I have arrived in the United States for I shared the Motto of this Nation: “In God We Trust.” The New Testament Book, The Epistle of Apostle Paul to Ephesians, Chapter 2, verse# 19 speaks of my quest for Freedom: “Consequently, you are no longer Foreigners and Aliens, but fellow citizens with God’s people and members of God’s household,…” How can I find that Freedom to enter God’s household if I am a Foreigner, or Alien??? There is a promise in The New Testament Book, The Epistle of Apostle Paul to Romans, Chapter 9, verse# 25: As He says in Hosea: “I will call them ‘my people’ who are not my people;”
“Free World” is a Cold War era term often used by the US to describe those countries that are not in the sphere of influence of Communist States like the Soviet Union, or the People’s Republic of China. United States is the Leader of the Free World, and it is the world’s Democratic Superpower. In response to Communist China’s military occupation of the autonomous nation of Tibet, United States to defend its own national interests and to combat the threat of Communist expansionism, initiated a program to render assistance to the Tibetan resistance movement to uphold the principles of Freedom and Democracy in the Land of Tibet. John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States(1961-1963) created a military alliance/pact between the US, India, and Tibet to fight the military threat posed by China. During 1969, I made a deliberate choice to serve in India’s Armed Forces to face the military challenge and threat posed by China after it had brutally attacked India across its Himalayan frontier during 1962. On completion of my military training, I had joined this US, India, Tibet military alliance/pact and was posted to a military establishment called Establishment No. 22, a military organization also described as ‘Special Frontier Force’. I was very passionate about defending the cause of Freedom and Democracy. I spent several years in India and I had imagined that I had freedom to choose and act and had deliberately expressed this sense of personal freedom when I got married during 1973. This choice had its consequences. It initiated a process of alienation and estrangement from my birth-related Hindu-Brahman, social community. The first blow to my sense of social identity and birth affiliation was delivered during 1976 while I was at Armed Forces Medical College, Pune. By year 1982, I have recognized I have no freedom to choose, or act without compromising my sense of self-respect, and self-dignity. For all practical purposes, I was transformed into a Foreigner or Alien while I was still serving my country as a Commissioned Officer of its Armed Forces. It undermined my ability to serve in the Armed Forces to defend the Freedom of the country while I was perceived as a Foreigner or Alien. At that time, as the father of two young children, I felt that I have no choice other than that of leaving India to find a place in another part of Free World. Now, I am conscious of the lack of freedom to make choices, or I may state that I am only free to make a choice that is foreordained, or predetermined. In the drama of human life and history, do we have the capacity to choose our Life??? The issue of human freedom, and freedom in world may have to be reconciled with God’s omniscience, and omnipotence to understand as to what extent the will of an individual can and does determine some of his acts. If man is entirely dependent upon God’s power, can man make bad, or evil choices??? Do we need divine grace for both meritorious, and even bad acts??? How to define the problem of the universal supposition of responsibility for personal actions??? Can there be Freedom in the absence of Divine Providence, and Divine Grace???
DETERMINISM AND FREE WILL:
This Kid is apparently has Free Will and can choose to get wet in the rain. He can also choose to remain under a shade and keep dry. This ability to choose is operated by an external contingency called rain. Does man have the natural ability to make choices in the face of all types of external contingencies??? Plato held that actions are determined by the extent of a person’s understanding, or reasoning. The New Testament Book, The Epistle of Apostle Paul to Romans, Chapter 8, verses 28-30 describe the concept of “Predestination.” Verse# 30 reads: “Moreover, those He predestined, them He also called; those He called, them He also Justified; those He justified, them He also glorified.” I live in the expectation of finding this ‘glory’ in the eyes of God.
The term Free Will refers to the power or capacity to choose among alternatives. It refers to the ability to act in certain situations independently of natural, social, or divine restraints. Will is the factor which turns human thought into human action and behavior. Existentialist thinkers like Jean Paul Sartre speak about the concept of a radical, perpetual, and frequently agonizing freedom of choice. Sartre claims that man is “condemned to be free” even though his situation may be wholly determined. Behavioral psychologists hold the view that human action and behavior is determined by the nature of an external environmental stimulus. Sigmund Freud held the view that human actions are determined by hidden mental causes which control their actions; “You have an illusion of a psychic freedom within you which you do not want to give up.” Freud recommends that this “deeply rooted belief in psychic freedom and choice” must be given up because it “is quite unscientific.” Man appears to be subject to the Law of Cause and Necessity, or is governed by a doctrine of Determinism.
THE DOCTRINE OF PREDESTINATION:
Saint Augustine(354-430), Doctor of the Church, founder of Christian theology followed the doctrine of predestination or divine grace that states God’s superintendence of the Whole Cosmos and everything in it.
Martin Luther(November 10, 1483 to February 18, 1546), German theologian, leader of the Protestant Reformation held the view that everything is determined by God from the beginning.
John Calvin(1509 – 1564), French Protestant theologian of the Reformation held the view that human free will is predetermined. While rejecting the role of free will, Calvinism maintains that God’s grace is irresistible.
Saint Thomas Aquinas held the view that God’s omnipotence does not include the predetermination of human will. The Roman Catholic Church teaches that predestination is consistent with free will since God moves the soul according to its nature. Do I make my own choices while God foreordained my circumstances? Does God have foreknowledge of my reaction to His Choice? If God foreordained the circumstances, the choices, and the destiny of the person according to His Perfect Will, how to explain the exercise of free will? It appears to me that God may elect or predestinate the circumstances of a person and make a choice on His own initiative on the basis of His knowing in advance the reactions of the person to His Will. Man’s free will is like the game of chess; man can make his moves while playing the game according to God’s plan while God is the second Player with whom man has to contend.
The Hindu Temple, Malibu, Southern California. Is this the Temple in which I am destined to worship the LORD GOD??? The New Testament Book, The Epistle of Apostle Paul to Ephesians, Chapter 2, verse# 21 reads: “In Him the Whole building is joined together and rises to become a Holy Temple in the LORD.” Why does the Hindu-Brahmin community treat me as a Foreigner and Alien and provided the contingency to take away my Freedom???
Rudra N. Rebbapragada/ R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,
While this Map shows Freedom in the World, there is a Hindu-Brahmin Spirit in a Prison for defending the cause of Freedom and Democracy in the occupied Land of Tibet.
Spiritualism and Fundamental Dualism: Madhvacharya(c. 1199 – c. 1278) is the exponent of “DVAITA”, the Indian School of Philosophy that claims a basic difference in kind between God and individual souls.
Madhva of India had glorified difference between things. He traced back his dualistic thought to the Hindu scriptures known as the ‘Upanishads’. His main works are his commentaries on the Upanishads, the Bhagavad Gita, the Vedanta-Sutras, and the Indian epic poem of Mahabharata. Five types of distinctions, or differences are central to Madhva’s system of “DVAITA” philosophy: 1. distinction between soul and God, 2. distinction between soul, and soul, 3. distinction between soul, and matter, 4. distinction between God and matter, and 5. distinction between matter, and matter. Madhva refuted the “ADVAITA”, or Non-dualistic philosophy of Shankara(A.D. 788 – A.D. 820) who believed that the individual soul and the absolute Spirit(Brahman) are totally identical in all aspects and cannot be differentiated into two separate categories. Madhva rejected the Shankara theory of “MAYA” or ‘illusion’ which taught that only spirituality is eternal and the material world is illusory and deceptive. Madhva maintained that the simple fact that things are transient and ever-changing does not mean that they are not real. Madhva while rejecting the Advaita concepts of falsity and indescribability of world, did not oppose the distinction between the human body and the individual human soul. It appears that the various Schools of Indian philosophy to a large extent agree to a view that separates the individual human soul from its human body. However, it is interesting to note that Madhva thinks that the human individual is “Free” and is dependent only upon God. Madhva shared the Hindu belief in endless transmigration of souls through cycles of birth, death, and rebirth and stated that the “Release” is obtained by devotion to God. He promoted a view, ultimately it is God’s grace that saves man and that man must receive God’s grace through worship.
SPIRITUALISM – WHAT IS THE BASIS FOR HUMAN EXISTENCE?
SPIRITUALISM AND THE BASIS FOR HUMAN EXISTENCE: The structure and function of human ovum or the egg cell must be clearly understood to know the Spiritual Basis for Human Existence. This egg cell is capable of immanent actions, displays cognitive abilities, and performs intelligent functions. It is conscious and is fundamentally distinct from non-living, inanimate, insentient, inorganic matter.
My view about human soul and spirit differs from the views shared by the three major Indian Schools of philosophy. In my opinion, the ground substance that is called ‘cytoplasm’ is a spiritual substance(the substance that I recognize as the substance associated with Soul/Spirit) and this corporeal substance or living matter is fundamentally distinct from non-living matter. The entire human organism is derived from the single, fertilized egg cell; therefore, the individual human soul cannot be separated from the human body it constitutes and develops to establish a human individual that lives or exists as a real, physical being that has objective identity apart from subjective living experience. To interpret the term ‘spirituality’, or ‘spiritualism’, I make a fundamental distinction between life, and non-life, between organic, and inorganic matter, between animate, and inanimate, between sentient, and insentient, between intelligent and mechanical functions, and between immanent actions, and transitive actions.
Rudra N. Rebbapragada/R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,
Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.
Organization: The Spirits of Special Frontier Force.
“GIANTS, BUT NOT HEGEMONS” BY ZBIGNIEW BRZEZINSKI IN THE NEW YORK TIMES:
Jimmy Carter prior to his nomination as a candidate for presidential election had received a full briefing from the Central Intelligence Agency. President Carter is seen with his National Security Adviser Mr. Brzezinski and both of them were fully aware of the US-India-Tibet military alliance/pact to contain the military threat posed by People’s Republic of China. This is a photo image taken in Air Force 1 during 1977.
In this photo image from 1977, National Security Adviser Zbigniew Brzezinski is seen with US President Jimmy Carter and US Secretary of State Cyrus Vance. President Carter had reversed the policy of Dr. Henry Kissinger and had issued US visa to His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama during 1979.
Mr. Zbigniew Brzezinski had served as the National Security Adviser in the administration of James Earl Carter, Jr., 39th President of the United States(1977-1981). He had published an essay in The New York Times on February 13, 2013 to share his views about the future of the US – China relations. I have reproduced the essay and my readers may notice that Mr. Brzezinski makes no mention about the 14th Dalai Lama, the Leader of Tibetan people and does not express any particular concern about the present situation inside Tibet. Hegemonism represents a policy or the practice of a nation in aggressively expanding its influence over other countries. Historically, the People’s Republic of China has displayed its hegemonistic doctrine by its military occupation of the autonomous State of Tibet after the Communist take over of power in China. To contain the military threat posed by China’s dominance over other countries of the region, the United States had pursued a policy of providing military assistance to Tibetans who are willing to resist the military occupation of their Land. India has also recognized the threat posed by China’s hegemonism and has joined the US efforts to resist the Chinese influence in Tibet. People’s Republic of China resorted to a massive, military retaliation and had attacked India across the Himalayan frontier during October/November 1962. The War of Aggression launched by Communist China resulted in the formulation of a military alliance/pact between the United States, India, and Tibet to defend their national security interests in the region. This alliance has created a military organization called Establishment Number. 22 during 1962 under the Kennedy administration and in 1966, this military organization was given the additional name of Special Frontier Force. Following President Kennedy’s initiative, all other succeeding US Presidents have continued their support to this military organization and the United States continued its participation in its military mission. However, during 1971-72, under Nixon’s presidency, the US took advantage of the political split between the Soviet Union and China and began a policy of normalizing the US – China relations. Dr. Henry Kissinger as the National Security Adviser and later as the US Secretary of State, had pursued a policy of keeping the 14th Dalai Lama at a distance while secretly participating in the military activities of Special Frontier Force. Dr. Kissinger had insisted that no US visa would be issued to His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, the temporal, and spiritual leader of the autonomous State of Tibet. Mr. Brzezinski as the National Security Adviser continued Dr. Kissinger’s policy of blocking the 14th Dalai Lama from visiting the United States while the US maintained the military alliance/pact with India and Tibet. Thanks to Cyrus Vance, the US Secretary of State, and President Jimmy Carter, the US had issued its first visa to the 14th Dalai Lama during 1979 and since that time His Holiness the Dalai Lama has visited the United States on numerous occasions. I would not think that the United States would ignore the problem of military oppression inside Tibet. The people of Tibet recognize that they have to struggle against a superior, military power if they have to regain their natural Freedom. When the oppressor is unjust, it would be futile to try reasoning to get justice from a tyrant like Communist China. In the words of Mahatma Gandhi, it may be said: “I want world sympathy in this Battle of Right against Might.” Communist China’s military occupation of Tibet can be reversed if Tibetans can overwhelm their opponent with a demand for right and just course of action. I would like to draw a comparison to the Battle of David vs Goliath described in The Old Testament Book of 1 SAMUEL, Chapter 17 to state my hope that Tibetans will prevail in this Battle of Right against Might and evict the military occupier from their Land.
US-TIBET RELATIONS: It is very surprising to read the essay published by President Jimmy Carter’s National Security Adviser on the US – China relations. He makes no mention of this apparent US – Tibet relations. His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama is seen with Richard Blum, his wife, US Senator Dianne Feinstein, and former President Jimmy Carter.
NOBLE PEACE PRIZE 2002. US President Jimmy Carter maintained a friendly relationship with the Tibetan Leader since 1979.
THE BATTLE OF DAVID vs GOLIATH:
THE BATTLE OF RIGHT AGAINST MIGHT. Just like David who had defeated the Philistine Champion Goliath, Tibet will prevail in its just battle against the military giant called China.
The Old Testament Book of 1 SAMUEL, Chapter 17 gives a vivid account of this armed confrontation between Israel and the Philistine army. While Philistines encroached into Israel’s territory in Judah, they had taken a firm position at a place called Socoh. The Philistines occupied one hill and the Israelites another, with the Valley of Elah between them. Goliath was a gigantic warrior of the Philistine army. He was over eleven feet in height and for forty days he continued to openly challenge the Israeli camp to come forward and engage him in a personal combat to decide the result of the battle. David, a very young man with no military experience, who had come there to deliver some provisions to his brothers, had heard this challenge mockingly posed by Goliath. David went to face Goliath, armed with only a sling, and five smooth stones. David without any sense of fear shot a stone towards Goliath hitting him on the forehead. Goliath fell and David pulled the sword carried by Goliath to cut off his head. When the Philistines saw that their Champion was dead, they fled away conceding their defeat. David’s triumph over Goliath shows that the outcome of a fight is not controlled by the opposing sides’ military strength.
GANDHI’S APPEAL FOR SYMPATHY FOR HIS BATTLE – A STRUGGLE FOR JUSTICE. THE STRUGGLE OF TIBETAN PEOPLE FOR FREEDOM AND JUSTICE DESERVES THE SAME SYMPATHY.
R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S., Personal Numbers:MS-8466/MR-03277K. Rank:Lieutenant/Captain/Major. Branch:Army Medical Corps/Short Service Regular Commission(1969-1972); Direct Permanent Commission(1973-1984). Designation:Medical Officer. Unit:Establishment No.22(1971-1974)/South Column,Operation Eagle(1971-1972). Organization: Special Frontier Force.
“Giants, but Not Hegemons”
By ZBIGNIEW BRZEZINSKI,
His most recent book is “Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power.”
Published: February 13, 2013, NY times
WASHINGTON — Today, many fear that the emerging American-Chinese duopoly must inevitably lead to conflict. But I do not believe that wars for global domination are a serious prospect in what is now the Post-Hegemonic Age.
Admittedly, the historical record is dismal. Since the onset of global politics 200 years ago, four long wars (including the Cold War) were fought over the domination of Europe, each of which could have resulted in global hegemony by a sole superpower.
Yet several developments over recent years have changed the equation. Nuclear weapons make hegemonic wars too destructive, and thus victory meaningless. One-sided national economic triumphs cannot be achieved in the increasingly interwoven global economy without precipitating calamitous consequences for everyone. Further, the populations of the world have awakened politically and are not so easily subdued, even by the most powerful. Last but not least, neither the United States nor China is driven by hostile ideologies.
Moreover, despite our very different political systems, both our societies are, in different ways, open. That, too, offsets pressure from within each respective society toward animus and hostility. More than 100,000 Chinese are students at American universities, and thousands of young Americans study and work in China or participate in special study or travel programs. Unlike in the former Soviet Union, millions of Chinese regularly travel abroad. And millions of young Chinese are in daily touch with the world through the Internet.
All this contrasts greatly with the societal self-isolation of the 19th- and 20th-century contestants for global power, which intensified grievances, escalated hostility and made it easier to demonize the one another.
Nonetheless, we cannot entirely ignore the fact that the hopeful expectation in recent years of an amicable American-Chinese relationship has lately been tested by ever more antagonistic polemics, especially in the media of both sides. This has been fueled in part by speculation about America’s allegedly inevitable decline and about China’s relentless, rapid rise.
Pessimism about America’ future tends to underestimate its capacity for self-renewal. Exuberant optimists about China’s inevitable pre-eminence underestimate the gap that still separates China from America — whether in G.D.P. per capita terms or in respective technological capabilities.
Paradoxically, China’s truly admirable economic success is now intensifying the systemic need for complex social and political adjustments in how and to what extent a ruling bureaucracy that defines itself as communist can continue to direct a system of state capitalism with a rising middle class seeking more rights.
Simplistic agitation regarding the potential Chinese military threat to America ignores the benefits that the U.S. also derives from its very favorable geostrategic location on the open shores of two great oceans as well as from its trans-oceanic allies on all sides.
In contrast, China is geographically encircled by not always friendly states and has very few, if any, allies. On occasion, some of China’s neighbors are tempted by this circumstance to draw the U.S. into support of their specific claims or conflicts of interest against China. Fortunately, there are signs that a consensus is emerging that such threats should not be resolved unilaterally or militarily, but through negotiation.
Matters have been not helped by the American media’s characterization of the Obama administration’s relative rebalancing of focus toward Asia as a “pivot” (a word never used by the president) with military connotations. In fact, the new effort was only meant to be a constructive reaffirmation of the unchanged reality that the U.S. is both a Pacific and Atlantic power.
Taking all this into account, the real threat to a stable U.S.-China relationship does not arise from any hostile intentions on the part of either country, but from the disturbing possibility that a revitalized Asia may slide into the kind of nationalistic fervor that precipitated conflicts in 20th-century Europe over resources, territory or power.
There are plenty of potential flash points: North Korea vs. South Korea, China vs. Japan, China vs. India, or India vs. Pakistan. The danger is that if governments incite or allow nationalistic fervor as a kind of safety valve it can spin out of control.
In such a potentially explosive context, U.S. political and economic involvement in Asia can be a crucially needed stabilizing factor. Indeed, America’s current role in Asia should be analogous to Britain’s role in 19th-century Europe as an “off-shore” balancing influence with no entanglements in the region’s rivalries and no attempt to attain domination over the region.
To be effective, constructive and strategically sensitive U.S. engagement in Asia must not be based solely on existing alliances with Japan and South Korea. Engagement must also mean institutionalizing U.S.- Chinese cooperation.
Accordingly, America and China should deliberately not let their economic competition turn into political hostility. Mutual engagement bilaterally and multilaterally — and not reciprocal exclusion — is what is needed. For example, the U.S. ought not seek a “trans-Pacific partnership” without China, and China should not seek a Regional Comprehensive Economic Pact without the U.S.
History can avoid repeating the calamitous conflicts of the 20th century if America is present in Asia as stabilizer — not a would-be policeman — and if China becomes the preeminent, but not domineering, power in the region.
In January 2011, President Obama and now-departing Chinese President Hu Jintao met and issued a communique boldly detailing joint undertakings and proposing to build a historically unprecedented partnership between America and China. With Obama reelected and Xi Jinping preparing to take over China’s presidency in March, the two leaders should meet to revalidate and re-energize the U.S.-China relationship. Whether this relationship is vital and robust, or weak and full of suspicion, will affect the whole world.
Zbigniew Brzezinski was national security adviser to President Jimmy Carter. His most recent book is “Strategic Vision: America and the Crisis of Global Power.”
THE US – TIBET RELATIONS: During the Cold War era, the National Security Adviser had an important role to contain the global threat posed by Communism. The US – China relations have improved primarily to contain the threat posed by the Soviet Union. At the same time, the US continued its support to its allies like Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, and India, and it included a secret partnership with Tibet.
1977. President Jimmy Carter with National Security Adviser. The era of Dr. Henry Kissinger was over and the Secretary of State regained the full responsibility of his office.
While Mr. Brzezinski was the National Security Adviser, the US revoked the policy of Dr. Henry Kissinger and issued a visa to the 14th Dalai Lama, the Tibetan Leader and a partner of the US-India-Tibet military alliance/pact.
During the presidency of Jimmy Carter, the Secretary of State, Cyrus Vance took full charge of the US foreign policy.
During the presidency of Jimmy Carter, the Secretary of Defence, Harold Brown assumed control of the defence policy and maintained the military alliance/pact with India and Tibet.
THE EVOLUTION OF DOGS FROM WOLVES: A STORY FROM THE WASHINGTON POST:
SPIRITUALISM – WOLF TO DOG EVOLUTION: The problem with the Theory of Evolution is its speculative nature. We have to seek valid, scientific principles that describe the basis for the existence of living things in Nature.
The scientific journal Nature published an article in its recent issue dated January 23, Wednesday suggesting a hypothesis for the evolution of dogs from wolves. David Brown of the Washington Post has published a news story on that hypothesis. I contest this view as it does not take into account a principle called ‘soul and spirit’ that is the vital, animating principle found in all living creatures. The variations in genome are possible if, and only if there is an unchanging principle that could support the existence of a product generated by the genetic mutation or variation. However, the issue is not that of selective breeding of desired genetic traits. This hypothesis primarily deals with the production of a digestive enzyme called ‘AMYLASE’ and claims that this particular enzyme is a crucial factor that shaped the evolution of Wolf and its descent as Dog. Amylase enzyme produced by the digestive organ called pancreas helps the digestion of carbohydrates( starchy, plant matter) and its conversion into simple sugars like glucose that is used by cells as a fuel. Cells can utilize glucose (sugar) only with the help of a hormone called ‘INSULIN’ that is secreted by a small group of cells called the islets of Langerhans found in the pancreas. If dogs have to survive in nature eating plant matter such as starchy foods, the existence is shaped by the ability to produce Insulin hormone. Dogs by their nature are carnivores that primarily consume animal matter as food. The ability to use ‘AMYLASE’ enzyme and the use of plant matter as food is of minimal importance. However, it will be more interesting to know about the discovery of Insulin hormone by conducting experiments on dogs.
Hormone Insulin was first discovered in 1923. Insulin is the first protein to be sequenced(1951). It is a protein of 21 Amino acids in two cross-linked chains. Insulin is essential for the uptake of Glucose(Sugar) by cell membranes. It also increases protein synthesis in muscles. Insufficient Insulin in the body causes Diabetes.
The Discovery of Insulin Hormone; The hormone was discovered and its role and use was established by conducting experiments on dogs.
The Discovery of Insulin by Sir. Frederick Grant Banting, Dr. Charles Herbert Best, and Dr. John James Rickard Macleod paved the way for the treatment of Diabetes Mellitus. They received the 1923 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine.
THE PROBLEM WITH THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION:
This discussion is not about God. We have to discuss what is called ‘creativity’. How do we make things that are original? I appreciate the research work that compares the DNA of dogs and wolves. We have to remember that modern man, or Homo sapiens sapiens has arrived in recent times and the paper clearly points out that agricultural activity and the development of social structures is of recent origin. It appears very easy to suggest that dogs can change their digestive abilities and increase specific enzymatic activity under the influence of a mechanism called ‘Natural Selection’ as it gives an advantage for their survival and reproductive success. How many of you have heard about the enzyme called ‘amylase’? If most of us are not sure as to which enzymes we use for our living functions, how could dogs selectively guide themselves to increase specific enzymatic activity after a short span of social interaction with human beings? The interaction between dogs and humans may have started about 11,000 years ago after the development of human societies. Kindly explain the Science, and the reasoning process applied to claim that wolves could evolve into dogs within that short span of time? Evolution is about spontaneous, random, and unguided changes in the genes, and the selection of traits that may give reproductive success and increase the ability of survival in nature. To transform a wolf into a dog is like winning the LOTTO in the first chance of purchasing the ticket. There is no natural mechanism to change the genome at one’s will and pleasure, and as per one’s convenience. Now, I can cite reports about thousands of human beings changing their diet on account of gluten(protein found in Wheat and a few other grains) sensitivity, and Lactose intolerance. The problem of food sensitivity and allergy has become a very important issue and the US policies mandate disclosure of allergen information on most of the processed food items. The problem of gluten intolerance is so severe, most consumers with gluten sensitivity only buy items that are clearly marked as “GLUTEN FREE.” The consumer demand for such gluten-free products has increased and in all US grocery stores we find hundreds of items that are sold as gluten-free. Now, we have third-party agencies which test these products and affix the gluten-free label and certify them as such. It demands that the manufacturer cannot use any kind of Wheat or gluten ingredient in the entire manufacturing facility. We fully understand the nature of this gluten sensitivity problem and there is no easy choice. Similarly, I find other people with a variety of food allergies and sensitivity issues. Kindly share that natural mechanism that evolutionary biologists call ‘Natural Selection’ and show me the way to help these thousands of people who are forced to change their diet as there is no other option.To believe in this story about Wolf to Dog evolution, kindly spare a few minutes and give me a rational explanation.
Spiritualism-The problem of Dog Evolution. Dogs by nature are carnivores. The human diet that includes food with plant matter(starches) is not good for dogs. The problem of obesity has become very common among human pet animals.
Spiritualism-Dog Evolution-The Problem of Diabetes: We need to recognize the nature of dog as a carnivore and provide a diet that consists primarily food from animal matter. Dogs cannot depend upon ‘AMYLASE’ enzyme to defend their well-being consuming human food.
AMYLASE ENZYME : The problem of Dog Evolution has to discuss the issue about origin of proteins that are called ‘Enzymes’ that perform as biological catalysts. How does the mechanism called ‘Natural Selection’ select the specific proteins and determine the sequential use of these enzymes to perform specific metabolic functions?
R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S., Personal Numbers:MS-8466/MR-03277K. Rank:Lieutenant/Captain/Major. Branch:Army Medical Corps/Short Service Regular Commission(1969-1972); Direct Permanent Commission(1973-1984). Designation:Medical Officer. Unit:Establishment No.22(1971-1974)/South Column,Operation Eagle(1971-1972). Organization: Special Frontier Force.
SPIRITUALISM – THE STORY ABOUT WOLF TO DOG EVOLUTION MUST BE BASED UPON CURRENT UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROBLEMS OF FOOD ALLERGENS, FOOD SENSITIVITY, AND FOOD INTOLERANCE.
There is no finality about these conclusions
“The findings, published Wednesday in the journal Nature, support the hypothesis that dogs evolved from wolves who found a new food source in refuse on the outskirts of human settlements. Eventually they came to tolerate human contact and were brought into the household to be guards, workers and companions.”
Learning to love grains, potatoes was key to the evolution of dogs
You know that dog biscuit shaped like a bone but made mostly of wheat? Your dog’s willingness to eat that treat, instead of going for a bone in your thigh, helps explain how its ancestors evolved from wolves into house pets.
A team of Swedish researchers compared the genomes of wolves and dogs and found that a big difference is dogs’ ability to easily digest starch. On their way from pack-hunting carnivore to fireside companion, dogs learned to desire — or at least live on — wheat, rice, barley, corn and potatoes.
As it turns out, the same thing happened to humans as they came out of the forest, invented agriculture and settled into diets rich in grains.
“I think it is a striking case of co-evolution,” said Erik Axelsson, a geneticist at Uppsala University. “The fact that we shared a similar environment in the last 10,000 years caused a similar adaptation. And the big change in the environment was the development of agriculture.”
The findings, published Wednesday in the journal Nature, support the hypothesis that dogs evolved from wolves who found a new food source in refuse on the outskirts of human settlements. Eventually they came to tolerate human contact and were brought into the household to be guards, workers and companions.
Another theory is that wolves were captured by hunter-gatherers, who tamed, bred and eventually settled down with them. Dog evolution is a contentious subject, and the new findings are unlikely to settle the debate. Among the uncertainties is when some wolves began to evolve into dogs. Human-tolerant — if not fully domesticated — canids may have existed as many as 33,000 years ago. Archaeological remains reveal dogs and humans sharing the same graves 11,000 years ago. That was at the dawn of agriculture; the two species appear to have been at least acquaintances by then.
“Pretty much everyone without an agenda agrees that we don’t really have a good handle about why wolves domesticated into dogs when they did,” said Adam Boyko, a geneticist at Cornell University who studies dog evolution and was not involved in the new research. “But it does seem reasonable, and in agreement with the fossil and genetic record, that it could have predated agriculture somewhat.”
The evidence of natural selection in the number and efficiency of key digestive enzymes supports the hypothesis that dogs may have domesticated themselves as a way to exploit the garbage of permanent human settlements.
“Humans had nothing to do with it,” said Raymond Coppinger, an emeritus professor of biology and expert on dog evolution at Hampshire College in Massachusetts. “There was a new niche that was all of a sudden available for somebody to move into. Dogs are selected to scavenge off people.”
Accompanying the dietary change — and probably evolving along with it — were behavior changes that allowed dogs to tolerate living near people and ultimately being adopted by them. The Swedish researchers found strong evidence of genetic differences in brain function — and particularly brain development — between wolves and dogs, which they have not yet analyzed.
In the new study, Axelsson and his colleagues examined DNA from 12 wolves and 60 dogs. The wolf samples were from animals from the United States, Sweden, Russia, Canada and several other northern countries. The dogs were from 14 breeds.
The researchers compared the DNA sequences of the wolves and the dogs (which are subspecies of the same species, Canis lupus) and identified 36 genomic regions in which there are differences that suggest they have undergone recent natural selection in dogs.
In particular, dogs show changes in genes governing three key steps in the digestion of starch. The first is the breakdown of large carbohydrate molecules into smaller pieces; the second is the chopping of those pieces into sugar molecules; the third is the absorption of those molecules in the intestine.
“It is such a strong signal that it makes us convinced that being able to digest starch efficiently was crucial to dogs. It must have been something that determined whether you were a successful dog or not,” Axelsson said.
The change is at least partly the consequence of dogs having multiple copies of a gene for amylase, an enzyme made by the pancreas that is involved in the first step of starch digestion. Wolves have two copies; dogs have four to 30.
As it happens, amylase “gene duplication” is also a feature of human evolution. Humans carry more copies of the amylase gene than their primate ancestors. People also produce the enzyme in saliva, which allows the first steps of digestion to occur while food is still in the mouth. That, in turn, rewards chewing and increases the palatability of food.
In dogs, however, the increased amylase activity occurs only in the pancreas. The enzyme isn’t at work in their mouths, probably because the food doesn’t stay there long enough. Dogs may be able to eat human food, but they still wolf it down.
The researchers found 19 genome regions containing nervous system genes that are significantly different between wolves and dogs. Eight regions contain genes governing brain development. How those genetic mutations explain dog behavior is a topic of future research. However, the fact that so many are involved in brain maturation supports the theory that dogs are really wolves that never grew up. Sociability around strangers, curiosity and playfulness are traits seen in both wolf pups and dog pups. So are floppy ears, broader faces and liberal tail-wagging. They all persist in adult dogs but are largely extinguished in adult wolves.
This retention of juvenile traits into adulthood — a phenomenon known as “neoteny” — is a key feature of domestication, some biologists believe. In a famous four-decade, 40-generation experiment in Russia, these traits emerged in foxes when scientists selectively bred the animals for tameness.
But the process may not require human intervention. Similar behavior probably evolved naturally in dogs. The willingness to wander fearlessly among people is a big plus if scavenging human food is your business (as it still is for millions of “village dogs” around the world).
There’s a theory that this “self-domestication” also happened in the evolution of Homo sapiens. As people created permanent settlements — and running away from those you didn’t like (or killing them) became less of an option — there may have been a survival advantage to being cooperative and self-controlled. It’s possible that studying the genes that determine dog sociability might shed light on how a less aggressive, more civilized human evolved, Axelsson said.
It would also help explain why dog is man’s best friend. They grew up together.
A TRIBUTE TO THE SCIENTISTS WHO DISCOVERED INSULIN:
Sir Frederick Grant Banting(1891-1941), Canadian physician isolated pancreatic hormone, later called Insulin.
Dr. Charles Herbert Best(1899-1978), Canadian physiologist with Sir Banting isolated the hormone from the pancreas during 1921. This discovery demonstrated the usefulness of Insulin to treat Diabetes Mellitus.
Dr. John James Rickard Macleod(1876-1935), Scottish physiologist shares the credit for the discovery of pancreatic hormone that could be used to treat Diabetes Mellitus.
The WordPress.com stats helper monkeys prepared a 2012 annual report for this blog.
Here’s an excerpt:
About 55,000 tourists visit Liechtenstein every year. This blog was viewed about 300,000 times in 2012. If it were Liechtenstein, it would take about 5 years for that many people to see it. Your blog had more visits than a small country in Europe!
English: The border between Liechtenstien and Switzerland (Balzers – Trübbach). In the background the castle Gutenberg and the liechtenstein alps, Deutsch: Die Grenze zwischen Liechtenstein und Schweiz (Balzers – Liechtenstein). Im Hintergrund die Burg Gutenberg und die Liechtensteiner Alpen. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Regierungsgebäude (Government Building), Vaduz, Liechtenstein – Seat of Government and Parliament. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Impressive scenery in Liechtenstein, Europe. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
English: Heliport in Balzers, Liechtenstein. In the background the castle Gutenberg and Liechtenstein Alps Deutsch: Hubschrauberlandeplatz in Balzers, Liechtenstein. Im Hintergrund die Burg Gutenberg und die Liechtensteiner Alpen (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Pope Benedict XVI delivering the Vatican’s traditional Christmas Day “Urbi et Orbi”(to the City and to the World) Message from the central balcony of Saint Peter’s Basilica on Tuesday, December 25, 2012.
Pope Benedict XVI in his traditional Christmas Day Message has wished for Peace, Freedom, and Justice to the people of all nations across the World.
WHAT IS FREEDOM????
Spiritualism-The Spirit of Freedom: What is Freedom???? The Statue of Liberty symbolizes human aspiration for Freedom and Liberty.
John Milton(1644) demanded, “Give me the liberty to know, to utter, and to argue freely according to conscience, above all liberties.” British Bill of Rights(1689), French Declaration of the Rights of Man(1789), and The U.S. Bill of Rights(1791) describe Civil Liberties and Individual Freedoms. John Stuart Mill(1806-73), English Philosopher, and Economist had observed, “Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign.” Being sovereign, means that the person, or entity acknowledge no superior. To be a sovereign shows the ability not to accept commands from anyone. In Political Science, when States are called Free and Independent, their autonomy or sovereignty means that they have full power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract Alliances, establish Commerce, and do all other acts and things which independent states have the right to do. The terms Freedom and Liberty are often used to describe the opposite of servitude, slavery, or bondage. It describes the act of releasing or setting free of a slave or prisoner from physical servitude or imprisonment. Freedom means the state or quality of being free from the control of some other person or some arbitrary power and it gives the person the ability to act, move, and live without hindrance or restraint. Similarly, Liberty describes Freedom from arbitrary control, confinement, and compulsion imposed by rules, regulations, laws, and traditional practices. However, Freedom does not constitute License which implies the ability to violate the usual rules, laws, or practices either by consent or as an abuse of Liberty. The purpose of Freedom is not that of imposing Anarchy which is the complete absence of government. Anarchy may lead to political disorder, lawlessness, and may contribute to disorder in various spheres of human activities, and human interactions. Freedom, and Liberty cannot be disassociated from Peace, and Justice, and equal protection of Rights of all the members of any social community or national entities. Liberty cannot be allowed to grow without limit at the expense of Justice and Order. The concept of Freedom, Liberty, and Freewill expressed in human thought and literature has very limited application in Natural Sciences. The establishment of Life on planet Earth speaks of the operation of the Laws of Nature. Life has emerged from discord, disorder, and chaos; it reflects the nature of sequential, guided, and purposeful interactions of atoms, and molecules to seek peace, harmony, and tranquility to get over the consequences of random, unguided, and spontaneous interactions which have no purpose.
THE SPIRITUAL BASIS OF HUMAN EXISTENCE:
Spiritualism-The Spirit of Freedom: Jesus Christ offers the hope of Freedom from Death. What is Believer’s Freedom????
It must be clearly recognized that Freedom or Liberty is a product of man’s mental imagination and it has no physical correspondence with an external reality. From the viewpoint of a scientific observer, the human subject exists without Freedom, or Independence as the subject cannot be detached from its external source of support. Freedom or Liberty is a subjective, personal experience and it cannot be tested or verified using the protocol of objective Science. In other words, man’s subjective, mental experience called Freedom, or Liberty exists if, and only if his existence is sustained by the rules, laws, and conditions imposed upon the reality called Life. Man’s status in Nature is characterized by the absence of “Independence” as it is conditioned by dependence. Man does not have “Sovereign” powers to rule or govern his own human body which comprises of independent, and functionally autonomous, individual, living cells. The Living System requires constant supply of energy from an external source and the ability to acquire this energy is independent of man’s control over his own body. Man may appear to have the freedom to choose death, and the same is not true about keeping his own existence. To live, and to perform living functions, man needs support, and man has no choice other than that of dependence. Man has the desire to exist as an independent Individual with Individuality while being attached, and while surviving on support from an external source. In Life, or Death, man needs Mercy, Grace, and Compassion of a Supreme Being who may control the source of external energy and constitute the principle called Divine Providence.
What is Soul? What is Spirit?:
Spiritualism-The Spirit of Freedom: Soul and Spirit describe two-sides of the same coin.
Soul/Spirit is stated as the vital, animating, life principle found in all living entities. Spirit is often used to describe the moral nature of man, a specified mental, or emotional attitude that characterizes words, actions, opinions, and etc., Spirit is used to refer to the intelligent or immaterial part of man as distinguished from the human body, and mind. The term Spirit considers the possibility of the existence of an immaterial reality that is imperceptible to the organs of sense perception. The life principle displays both material and immaterial aspects. Hence, I would like to suggest that Spirit and Soul represent the two-sides of the same coin. Spirit and Soul influence human nature in two different ways. Under the influence of Spirit, man seeks his Freedom, or Independence. Spirit gives the ability to man to generate new, original, and creative thoughts that form the contents of his imagination. Man applies imagination and uses inspiration from within or without to create new, and original products. Whereas Soul is the guiding mechanism that establishes the dependent, or conditioned nature of man’s existence. The recognition of the nature of dependent existence generates an emotion or feeling called ‘Devotion’ and man learns to act in obedience of an unknown Supreme Being. The presence of ‘Devotion’ is detected in human behavior and actions that display a sense of humility and modesty. Freedom, and Dependence are the two basic elements of human nature that are perpetually in tension with one another. While the Spirit is dominant, man seeks total Freedom and expresses this Freedom to constantly manipulate the dependent nature of his conditioned existence which may include a desire to seek Freedom from Death through his works, and actions. With the help of his Soul, man totally surrenders his sense of self-pride, ego, or arrogance. His deliverance, or salvation, or liberation is entirely dependent upon the Mercy, Grace, and Compassion of his LORD God Creator.
JESUS CHRIST – THE “SPIRIT” OF FREEDOM:
Spiritualism-The Spirit of Freedom: Life through the Spirit. The Book of ROMANS, Chapter 8, verses 1 & 2; “Therefore, there is now no condemnation for those who are in Christ Jesus, because through Christ Jesus the Law of the Spirit of Life set me Free from the Law of Sin and Death.”
Apostle Paul’s Letter to the Galatians has been called the “Magna Charta” of Christian Liberty. However, it must be noted that the essence of Christian Freedom is stated as deliverance from bondage of sin and its consequent moral corruption of human nature. Apostle Paul declares, “It is for Freedom that Christ has set us Free.”( Galatians, Chapter 5, verse 1) The Freedom advocated by Apostle Paul refers to freedom from the ceremonial laws of Jewish Old Testament customs and traditions. He demands Galatians to live as released prisoners or freed slaves and at the same time it was not an invitation to lead immoral lives. He specifically instructs that the Freedom described relates to freedom from sinful nature; “So I say, live by the Spirit, and you will not gratify the desires of sinful nature.”( Galatians, Chapter 5, verse 16 ) In the Gospel according to Apostle John, Chapter 6, verse 63, Jesus describes the distinction between the Spirit and human body; “The Spirit gives life; the flesh counts for nothing. The words I have spoken to you are Spirit and they are life.” This Spiritual Liberty involves man becoming the slave of God; “But now that you have been set Free from sin and have become slaves to God, the benefit you reap leads to holiness, and the result is eternal life.”( The Book of ROMANS, Chapter 6, verse 22) Spiritual Liberty never condones the abuse of Liberty and there is no exemption from the exercise of individual judgment. The Book of JAMES, Chapter 2, verse 12 stipulates the Law of Liberty; “Speak and act as those who are going to be judged by the Law that gives freedom.” The use of Liberty and Freedom is limited by consideration of obedience of Law and acting in accordance with moral precepts as man exists in the world as a created being and not as a Sovereign or Independent entity.
I wish all of my readers a Merry Christmas and a very happy New Year.
Rudra N. Rebbapragada, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World: Sun, and other stars in our neighborhood orbit the center of the Milky Way Galaxy every 230 million years, because the entire Galaxy is rotating. Apart from this motion, the galaxies are moving apart from each other at a great speed in Space. Man’s Perception of Time remains a subjective, illusionary experience and man has no perceptional ability of changes in Earth-Space relationship other than that of knowing the apparent motion of stars and planets in the Celestial Sphere.
We exist on the surface of a fast-spinning celestial body which changes the position at which we live all the time without giving us a chance to know as to where exactly we exist. Earth has no choice and it participates in the motions of Sun and of the Milky Way Galaxy. At every given instant, we are on the move. In a changing world, spiritualism describes the operation of an unchanging principle. In a changing world or universe called “JAGAT”, the term called “BHAVANA”(Soul/Spirit) provides the unchanging operating system to make the human existence a reality. The vital principle named Soul/Spirit does not exclusively belong to the transcendental or metaphysical realm or domain. It belongs to the terrestrial world where man, and life exist.
Rudra N Rebbapragada Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
SERVICE INFORMATION:
R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S., Personal Numbers: MS-8466/MR-03277K. Rank: Lieutenant/Captain/Major. Branch: Army Medical Corps/Short Service Regular Commission (1969-1972); Direct Permanent Commission (1973-1984). Designation: Medical Officer. Unit: Establishment No.22 (1971-1974)/South Column,Operation Eagle (1971-1972). Organization: Special Frontier Force.
Nasa has shown us views of the Big Marble, the breathtakingly beautiful planet on which we live because it studies space and the Earth. The first Big Blue Marble photo was released in 1972 and each subsequent release of images has increased in quality so that the newest 2012 release of the Big Black Marble, or Earth at Night, are stunning. The Suomi National Polar-orbiting Partnership (NPP) satellite was launched last year by NASA, NOAA, and the Department of Defense. It orbits 512 miles above our planet’s surface and has an extremely sensitive sensor that can detect the nocturnal glow produced by Earth’s atmosphere. In fact, it can see the light given off from a single street light or one glowing light on a boat floating alone on the ocean. The VIIRS (Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite) carries a low-light sensor that can distinguish night lights with six times better spatial resolution and 250 times better resolution of lighting levels (dynamic range) than before. NASA added a global composite image, constructed using cloud-free night images from a new NASA and National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) satellite, shows the glow of natural and human-built phenomena across the planet in greater detail than ever before. So here is the series of the Big Marble in Old, New, Aqua, Blue, White and Black Marble. If you stop to think that this is our home, all of us regardless of where on the globe you are located, then it somehow seems possible that we could achieve peace on Earth around this holiday season for Christmas, Hanukkah, Kwanzaa, and Boxing Day. It also shows why we should protect our environment . . . it belongs to your children’s children and us all. Thank you NASA! You ROCK!
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
This image of North and South America at night is a composite assembled from data acquired by the Suomi NPP satellite in April and October 2012. The new data was mapped over existing Blue Marble imagery of Earth to provide a realistic view of the planet. NASA added, The day-night band observed Hurricane Sandy, illuminated by moonlight, making landfall over New Jersey on the evening of Oct. 29. Night images showed the widespread power outages that left millions in darkness in the wake of the storm.Photo #1 by NASA Earth Observatory/NOAA NGDC
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
The continental United States at night is a composite assembled from data acquired by the Suomi NPP satellite in April and October 2012. The image was made possible by the satellite’s day-night band of the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS), which detects light in a range of wavelengths from green to near-infrared and uses filtering techniques to observe dim signals such as city lights, gas flares, auroras, wildfires and reflected moonlight. Photo #2 by NASA Earth Observatory/NOAA NGDC
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
Black Marble, Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. NASA reported, Unlike a camera that captures a picture in one exposure, the day-night band produces an image by repeatedly scanning a scene and resolving it as millions of individual pixels. Then, the day-night band reviews the amount of light in each pixel. If it is very bright, a low-gain mode prevents the pixel from over-saturating. If the pixel is very dark, the signal is amplified. The Earth Observatory wrote of the night lights on our globe, Scientists are using new images of Earth’s dark side to gain insight on human activity and poorly understood natural events. Photo #3 by NASA Earth Observatory/NOAA NGDC
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
Black Marble Europe at night 2012. For all the reasons that we need to see Earth during the day, we also need to see Earth at night, said Steve Miller, a researcher at NOAA’s Colorado State University Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere. Unlike humans, the Earth never sleeps.Photo #4 by NASA Earth Observatory/NOAA NGDC
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
Black Marble, Asia and Australia. On Out of the Blue and Into the Black, Miller is quoted as saying, The night is nowhere near as dark as most of us think. In fact, the Earth is never really dark. And we don’t have to be in the dark about what is happening at night anymore either. Photo #5 by NASA Earth Observatory/NOAA NGDC
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
Why is Western Australia So Bright? Careful observers of the new Black Marble images of Earth at night released this week by NASA and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration have noticed bright areas in the western part of Australia that are largely uninhabited. Why is this area so lit up, many have asked? The sensor on the satellite is so sensitive that it picked up wild fires at night. Photo #6 by NASA Earth Observatory/NOAA NGDC
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
The image above shows London and the southern half of Great Britain as it appeared on the night of March 27, 2012. NASA Earth Observatory Photo #7 by Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon, using VIIRS Day Night Band and MODIS Blue Marble data
Earth at Night in HD. Video #1 by NASA Earth Observatory/NOAA NGDC
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
USA East Coast lights on Friday, June 29th, 2012. NASA Earth Observatory Photo #8 by Jesse Allen and Robert Simmon using data from the NASA/NOAA satellite S-NPP
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
Composite map of the world assembled from data acquired by the Suomi NPP satellite in April and October 2012. Photo #9 by NASA Earth Observatory/NOAA NGDC
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
Black Marble “ City Lights 2012. NASA’s Earth Observatory said, Earth at Night 2012: It’s the end of the night as you know it; you’ll see fine. Photo #10 by NASA Earth Observatory/NOAA NGDC
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
Black Marble 2012, Asia at night. NASA’s Earth Observatory wrote, Away from human settlements, light still shines. Wildfires and volcanoes rage. Oil and gas wells burn like candles. Auroras dance across the polar skies. Moonlight and starlight reflect off the water, snow, clouds, and deserts. Even the air and ocean sometimes glow. Photo #11 by NASA Earth Observatory/NOAA NGDC
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
Most Amazing High Definition Image of Earth Blue Marble 2012. Photo #12 by NASA/NOAA/GSFC/Suomi NPP/VIIRS/Norman Kuring
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
The Blue Marble 2012 turned into a White Marble with this snow and ice Arctic View. Fifteen orbits of the recently launched Suomi NPP satellite provided the VIIRS instrument enough time (and longitude) to gather the pixels for this synthesized view of Earth showing the Arctic, Europe, and Asia. Photo #13 by NASA/GSFC/Suomi NPP
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
NASA Blue (Aqua) Marble 2007 West.ย Photo #14 by Reto Stรถckli, based on data from NASA and NOAA
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
NASA Blue (Aqua) Marble 2007 East. Photo #15 by Reto Stรถckli, based on data from NASA and NOAA
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
NASA’s Spacecraft View of Aurora Australis from Space. NASA file image acquired September 11, 2005. Photo #16 by NASA / Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio
From space, the aurora is a crown of light that circles each of Earth’s poles. The satellite captured this view of the aurora australis (southern lights) on September 11, 2005, four days after a record-setting solar flare sent plasma”an ionized gas of protons and electrons”flying towards the Earth. The ring of light that the solar storm generated over Antarctica glows green in the ultraviolet part of the spectrum, shown in this image. The observations of the aurora are overlaid onto NASA’s satellite-based Blue Marble image. From the Earth’s surface, the ring would appear as a curtain of light shimmering across the night sky. Video #2 by NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio via LittleSDOHMI
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
Blue Marble 2002.ย Photo #17 by NASA Earth Observatory
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
Blue Marble 2002: At the time, This spectacular blue marble image is the most detailed true-color image of the entire Earth to date. Photo #18 by NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Image by Reto Stรถckli (land surface, shallow water, clouds). Enhancements by Robert Simmon (ocean color, compositing, 3D globes, animation). Data and technical support: MODIS Land Group; MODIS Science Data Support Team; MODIS Atmosphere Group; MODIS Ocean Group Additional data: USGS EROS Data Center (topography); USGS Terrestrial Remote Sensing Flagstaff Field Center (Antarctica); Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (city lights
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
Blue Marble 2000. Photo #19 created by Reto Stockli with the help of Alan Nelson, under the leadership of Fritz Hasler
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
Earth image and star field background, released in 2000. Photo #20 by NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio / The Blue Marble data is courtesy of Reto Stockli (NASA/GSFC) / Laura Rocchio (NASA/GSFC)
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
First Blue Marble image captured from Apollo 17 on Dec 7, 1972. View of the Earth as seen by the Apollo 17 crew traveling toward the moon. This translunar coast photograph extends from the Mediterranean Sea area to the Antarctica south polar ice cap. This is the first time the Apollo trajectory made it possible to photograph the south polar ice cap. Note the heavy cloud cover in the Southern Hemisphere. Almost the entire coastline of Africa is clearly visible. The Arabian Peninsula can be seen at the northeastern edge of Africa. The large island off the coast of Africa is the Malagasy Republic. The Asian mainland is on the horizon toward the northeast. Astronaut photograph AS17-148-22727 courtesy NASA Johnson Space Center Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Photo #21 by NASA
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World
What is your favorite Old, New, Aqua, Blue, White or Black Marble? Blue Marble “ Astronaut photograph 1972; Blue Marble 2002; Aqua Marble 2005; Bottom row left to right: Blue Marble 2012; White Marble 2012; Black Marble 2012. NASA Goddard Space Flight Centerย wrote, Since we have escaped the bounds of gravity, visions of Earth have inspired and captured the imagination. Here are a few of the most iconic views of our planet returned by both living astronauts and robotic spacecraft in orbit throughout the space age. Photo #22 by Apollo 1972 / NASA / NASA Earth Observatory
There is so much Joy in Sharing. Wish all of my readers a Very Happy Holiday Season.
Soul and Spirit-Unchanging Principle in a Changing World. A Designer Universe is described by a Greek word called ‘COSMOS’ which means Beauty and Order.
Whole Dude - Whole Spirituality 