Whole Dude – Whole Spirituality – Whole Spirituality describes the Unity of God, Soul, and Matter using a Ground Substance of Spiritual Nature.

Philosophy of Medicine – Lesson. 63 – The Study of Human Foot refutes the idea of Man’s Descent From Apes

The Descent of Man from Apes

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE DOCTRINE OF CREATION: CHARLES DARWIN(1809-92), A GREAT NATURAL SCIENTIST, IN HIS WORKS, THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES (1859), AND THE DESCENT OF MAN (1871) PROPOSED THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION TO DESCRIBE THE ORIGIN OF MAN.

Charles Darwin (Feb. 12, 1809 to April 19, 1882) holds a unique place in history as the foremost proponent of the theory of evolution. Indeed, to this day, Darwin is the most famous evolution scientist and is credited with developing the Theory of Evolution through Natural Selection. While he lived a relatively quiet and studious life, his writings were controversial in their day and still routinely spark controversy.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: IN THE DESCENT OF MAN, CHARLES DARWIN SHARED A VIEW OF MAN'S ORIGIN BY A PROCESS OF NATURAL VARIATION FROM AN ANCESTRAL TYPE. WE HAVE YET TO DISCOVER A COMMON ANCESTOR FOR BOTH THE ANTHROPOID APES SUCH AS THE GORILLA AND THE MAN. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: “IN THE DESCENT OF MAN” (1871), CHARLES DARWIN SHARED A VIEW OF MAN’S ORIGIN BY A PROCESS OF NATURAL VARIATION FROM AN ANCESTRAL TYPE. WE HAVE YET TO DISCOVER A COMMON ANCESTOR FOR BOTH THE ANTHROPOID APES SUCH AS THE GORILLA AND THE MAN.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - HUMAN EVOLUTION: EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGISTS CLAIM THAT MAN HAS ARRIVED OR DESCENDED FROM AN ANCESTOR WITH 48 CHROMOSOMES AND CLAIM THAT ANCESTOR IS VERY LIKELY TO HAVE A GENOME SIMILAR TO THAT OF APES SUCH AS CHIMPANZEE AND BONBO. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – HUMAN EVOLUTION: EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGISTS CLAIM THAT MAN HAS ARRIVED OR DESCENDED FROM AN ANCESTOR WITH 48 CHROMOSOMES AND CLAIM THAT ANCESTOR IS VERY LIKELY TO HAVE A GENOME SIMILAR TO THAT OF APES SUCH AS CHIMPANZEE AND BONOBO.

The plasticity of the genome allows an organism to make adaptive changes in response to environmental stresses. Such adaptive changes in the genome are only of a ‘minor order’. A ‘major order’ change in the genome would produce a skeletal change or a morphological variation of high significance that alters the identity of the species and may change its taxonomic classification.

WHAT IS INTELLIGENCE? MAN Vs INSECT. MAN Vs PARASITE. NOBEL PRIZE IS AWARDED BUT THE BATTLE OF WIT AND INTELLIGENCE IS FAR FROM OVER. DRUG RESISTANCE POSES A MAJOR PROBLEM IN COMBATING ILLNESS CAUSED BY A VARIETY OF PATHOGENS. THE INFECTIOUS AGENT RETAINS ITS IDENTITY WHILE ITS GENOME ADAPTS TO DRUGS.

Scientists have not demonstrated such ‘major order’ changes in genome in response to environmental stimuli. For example, a bacterial cell can change its genome and acquire the ability of drug resistance without making an evolutionary change in terms of its morphological appearance. Similarly, a bacterial cell can alter its sugar metabolism and yet retains its identity specific to its own species. In fact several different species such as cockroaches, sharks, and turtles are existing upon this planet Earth since the last 200 to 350 million years without changing their anatomical appearance. The dinosaurs of different sizes, shapes and eating habits survived on this planet for nearly 165 million years. In the absence of hard evidence, it is difficult to support the Theory of Evolution.

Spirituality Science – The Origin of Human Species:

The Study of Human Anatomy determines the place of Human species in the Order of Nature. Skull anatomy, 1866 illustrations. This page is plate 7 from the first volume of ‘Atlas d’anatomie descriptive du corps humain’ (1844-1866) by French anatomists Constantin Bonamy and Paul Broca. This work described the anatomy of the human body with over 250 hand-coloured lithographs. The illustrations were by Emile Beau, with the text by Bonamy and Broca. The three volumes were bound as four books in 1866 when the atlas was completed. This page is from the first book ‘Locomotion’, a republication of the section on bones, ligaments and muscles that was first published in 1844.

The appearance of the Human Species about 8,000 to 10,000 years ago cannot be explained as a natural event and it cannot be accounted for by The Law of Natural Generation. There are two important principles involved; 1. The Biogenetic Law which stipulates that living organisms are generated only by living organisms, and 2. The Law of Natural Generation that states that offspring will always be of the same Species as the parent Species. In my view, the Origin of Human Species as a new form of life cannot be explained by the operation of natural causes. At the same time, I would like to respectfully avoid the term “Supernatural”, and would rather prefer to use the term “creative” to explain the Origin of Human Species and account for the Special Form of Man.

The Natural History of Human Species:

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES: The Science called Geology describes the physical nature and history of planet Earth. Pleistocene, First Epoch of the Quaternary Period in the Cenozoic Era, is known as the Period of the Great Ice Age records the appearance of the members of the species that belong to the Homo Genus. Modern Human activity belongs to the Holocene Epoch that began about 10,000 years ago. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES: The Science called Geology describes the physical nature and history of planet Earth. Pleistocene, First Epoch of the Quaternary Period in the Cenozoic Era, is known as the Period of the Great Ice Age records the appearance of the members of the species that belong to the Homo Genus. Modern Human activity belongs to the Holocene Epoch that began about 10,000 years ago.

During the Period of the Great Ice Age or Pleistocene, continental glaciers covered much of N. North America, and NW Europe. The Holocene Epoch or Series which started approximately 10,000 years ago began to witness a change in Earth’s surface. The continental glaciers are now restricted to Antarctica and Greenland. It was not a cataclysmic change with consequences for the survival of life. The climatic change has actually helped the development and spread of modern human culture. It is indeed very surprising to note that this improvement in Earth’s surface and climate was accompanied by the extinction of giant mammals and the disappearance of a large variety of the Hominid Species.

Things in Nature Change with Time:

Darwin revolutionized biology with his Theory of Evolution. He claimed that all living species have evolved from preexisting forms and it brought about a reevaluation of the position of humans in relation to all other living forms. Darwin arrived at the idea that species descend or evolve from other species for he had observed that things in nature change with time.

Darwinism:

Charles Darwin-A Pound of Foolishness vs A Penny of Wisdom — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE DOCTRINE OF CREATION: CHARLES DARWIN(1809-92), A GREAT NATURAL SCIENTIST, IN HIS WORKS, THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES (1859), AND THE DESCENT OF MAN (1871) PROPOSED THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION TO DESCRIBE THE ORIGIN OF MAN.

On November 24, 1859, Darwin published his theory under the title “On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection, or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle for Life.” Species evolve from more primitive species through the process of Natural Selection which involves adaptations to a particular ecological way of life. In The Descent of Man and Selection in relation to Sex (1871), Darwin provided evidence for human evolution from more primitive species and discussed the role of sexual selection in evolution.

In my view, there is no extinct or living Species that can bridge the gap between the Human Species and its nearest Hominid allies. About, 10,000 years ago, Earth’s surface had changed. The land area covered by Ice has steadily decreased; in Upper Pleistocene about 28 percent land area was covered by Ice and in Holocene, only about 10 percent land area is covered by ice. The warming of the climate has increased the area of habitation available to the various Hominid Species. Environmental conditions are entirely favorable to the survival of all the Hominid Species. If Darwin’s Theory of Evolution is a valid theory, we must witness the simultaneous co-existence of all intermediate varieties that may have progressed through incremental changes leading to the Origin of the Human Species. There was no geological catastrophe, it is relatively easy to adapt to the changed environment, food supply is adequate and particularly the Hominid Species were not preying upon one another in their struggle for existence. Actually, Darwin’s view on blending of hereditary factors is not supported by Gregor Mendel’s classic experiments in hybridization. According to Mendel, Inheritance is particulate and his theory is fully validated. Distinct genetic factors combine to produce a certain somatic result without causing the loss of separate identities carried by specific genes. The genetic factors can therefore be assorted and enter into new genetic combinations in the next generation. There is no evidence to suggest that the new Human Species has arrived because of some abrupt mutations in a single generation of any particular Hominid Species. It may be noted that Darwin’s Theory claims that new species originate through natural processes of Heredity and Selection. The Natural Laws of Heredity, and the natural process named Natural Selection are not sufficient for the production of the new Human Species that replaced all other Hominid Species that survived until Middle and Upper Pleistocene.

The Origin of The Special Form of Man called Human Species:

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES: CHARLES DARWIN(1809-1892) MADE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS AND HIS PUBLISHED WORKS INCLUDE THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES(1859) AND THE DESCENT OF MAN(1871). HE FAILED TO DESCRIBE THE CREATIVE PROCESS, THE CREATIVE MECHANISM, OR THE CREATIVE EVENTS THAT CAN ACCOUNT FOR THE APPEARANCE OF NEW SPECIES AND THE EXTINCTION OF SPECIES FOR WHICH THERE IS NO NATURAL CAUSE. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES: CHARLES DARWIN (1809-1892) MADE IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTIONS AND HIS PUBLISHED WORKS INCLUDE THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES (1859) AND THE DESCENT OF MAN (1871). HE FAILED TO DESCRIBE THE CREATIVE PROCESS, THE CREATIVE MECHANISM, OR THE CREATIVE EVENTS THAT CAN ACCOUNT FOR THE APPEARANCE OF NEW SPECIES AND THE EXTINCTION OF SPECIES FOR WHICH THERE IS NO NATURAL CAUSE.

Charles Darwin claims that new species do originate in the course of time. He describes the circumstances under which new species arise and other forms become extinct. He formulates the various factors in the differentiation of species. A new species does not require a special act of creation and it is entirely the result of a natural process which requires no factors other than those at work every day in the life, death, and breeding of plants and animals. According to Darwin, new species arises when, among the varieties of an existing species, certain intermediate forms become extinct, and the surviving varieties become more sharply separated from one another in type, and in the course of many generations of inbreeding, also tend to breed true. The process of natural selection may exterminate the parent-forms and the intermediate links. Thus the origin of species is associated with the extinction of intermediate varieties, combined with the survival of one or more of the extreme varieties. This theory requires the existence of an infinite number of intermediate members lying between two given species.

Comparative Anatomy is used by the evolutionary biologists as evidence to prove the origin of a new form of life from a previously existing form of life. However, the Human Species has a special form and the use of Comparative Anatomy may actually demolish the Theory of Evolution.
The Study of Human Foot refutes the idea of Man’s Descent From Apes.

The Study of Human Foot refutes the idea of Man’s Descent From Apes

The Study of Human Foot leads to the devoted service of the Feet of the Lord. THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES: THERE IS NO NATURAL CAUSE, NATURAL FACTOR, NATURAL CONDITION, OR NATURAL MECHANISM TO ACCOUNT FOR THE ENGINEERING OF THE FOOT OF THE ANATOMICALLY MODERN MAN.

**The Study of Human Foot leads to the devoted service of the Feet of the Lord**

In 1965, while I was a student of Human Anatomy at Kurnool Medical College, I had the opportunity to know about Dr. J. C. B. Grant (1886-1973), the author of Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy. The 5th Edition of his Atlas was published in 1962 and was available in India in our Medical College Library.

Born in Loanhead (south of Edinburgh) in 1886, Grant studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh Medical School and graduated with an M.B., Ch.B. degree in 1908. While at Edinburgh, he worked under the renowned anatomist Daniel John Cunningham. Grant became a decorated serviceman of the Royal Army Medical Corps during the First World War before moving to Canada. He established himself as an ‘anatomist extraordinary’ at the University of Toronto, publishing three textbooks that form the basis of Grant’s Anatomy. The textbooks are still used in anatomy classes today, and made unforgettable memories for those who found themselves in his classes nearly a century ago. One of Grant’s many accomplishments was establishing a division of Histology within the department.

The Study of Human Anatomy is about knowing the Physical Dimension of Human Being, the building blocks and the structural units and organization of the human body. To defend human existence, Medical Science must lay emphasis on knowing the person who is at risk apart from knowing the agent posing the risk.

The Identity of Multicellular Human Organism:

The Study of Human Foot leads to the devoted service of the Feet of the Lord. Cunningham’s Manuals of Practical Anatomy provide me the learning tools to know and understand Man’s External and Internal Reality and its Identity as described by Cells, Tissues, Organs,and Organ Systems

Daniel John Cunningham was born on 15 April 1850 in Scotland. After his initial schooling at his home town, Crieff, he took up the study of medicine at the University of Edinburgh and passed with honours. He is best known for the excellent series of dissection manuals, namely Cunningham’s Dissection Manuals. Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy has provided me the learning tools to know and understand the Human Species, its External and Internal Reality and its Identity as described by Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems.

I learned the truths about the living human body and about Life while dissecting the dead human bodies in a systematic manner. The Manual of Practical Anatomy which guides us through this entire process was published in England.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES: THERE IS NO NATURAL CAUSE, NATURAL FACTOR, NATURAL CONDITION, OR NATURAL MECHANISM TO ACCOUNT FOR THE VARIATION SEEN WHEN THE NEANDERTHAL SKULL IS COMPARED WITH THE HUMAN SKULL

So what is the Identity of this Human person or Human subject who experiences his life using the Sensory Experience such as vision and taste? How does the living Human organism maintains its Identity and Individuality? Apart from the Cultural Traditions of India, several Schools of Religious Thought claim that the Human Individuality and true or real Identity is represented by Human Soul. Where does this Soul exist in the human body? What is the location if the Soul is present in the living person? How does the human organism acquires Knowledge about its own structures and the functions they perform? To know the burdens of Life, I ask my readers to know the reality of Human Being and the nature of his existence.

Humans walk and run effectively on the ground using two feet. Our arched foot, which is not a characteristic of other primates, is a unique feature crucial for human bipedalism. The arch provides the foot with the stiffness necessary to act as a lever that transmits the forces generated by leg muscles as they push against the ground. The arch also retains sufficient flexibility to function like a spring to store and then release mechanical energy.

THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES: THERE IS NO NATURAL CAUSE, NATURAL FACTOR, NATURAL CONDITION, OR NATURAL MECHANISM TO ACCOUNT FOR THE VARIATION SEEN WHEN THE NEANDERTHAL FOOT IS COMPARED WITH THE HUMAN FOOT.

The primate foot is strongly arched to absorb forces. The large toe is no longer opposable, but flexes downward and is a major contributor to the propulsive force of locomotion. THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES: THERE IS NO NATURAL CAUSE, NATURAL FACTOR, NATURAL CONDITION, OR NATURAL MECHANISM TO ACCOUNT FOR THE VARIATION SEEN WHEN THE APE FOOT IS COMPARED WITH THE HUMAN FOOT.

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Father’s Name: R. Suryanarayana Murty

Sri Venkateswara University, M.B.B.S. Class of April, 1970

Andhra Pradesh Medical Council Medical Registration Number: AMC5282; Date of Registration: September 16, 1971

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Philosophy of Medicine – Lesson. 62 – Human Anatomy determines the place of Human Species in the Order of Nature

The Status of Human Species in the Order of Nature

The Study of Human Anatomy determines the place of Human Species in the Order of Nature. The Origin of Anatomically Modern Man or Human Species: There is no Natural Cause, no Natural Factor, no Natural Condition, or Natural Mechanism to account for the variation seen when the Neanderthal Skull is compared with the Skull of the Anatomically Modern Man.

The term ‘man’ has been loosely applied to describe a variety of animal species that belong to Family Hominidae. To understand the status of man in nature, it is important to make the distinctions between Paleolithic, Archaic, Prehistoric or Ancient Man and Modern Man.

Since the term ‘Man’ may cause confusion, a distinction between ‘Man’ and ‘Human’ is all the more important. The Hominids belong to Class-Mammals, Order-Primates, Suborder – Anthropoidea, Superfamily – Hominoidea, Family – Hominidae, Subfamily – Homininae which includes the Genus-Homo and species such as sapiens, erectus, habilis, and etc., The Hominid Family members share important skeletal features and similarities and yet the same time, the size and shape of the skull can be used to make distinctions between the various species. The Study of Human Anatomy determines the place of Human Species in the Order of Nature. The Origin of Anatomically Modern Man or Human Species: There is no Natural Cause, no Natural Factor, no Natural Condition, or Natural Mechanism to account for the variation seen when the Neanderthal Skull is compared with the Skull of the Anatomically Modern Man.

***The Study of Human Anatomy determines the place of Human Species in the Order of Nature***

The Study of Human Anatomy is about knowing the building blocks and the structural units and organization of the human body. Medical Science can defend human existence if it lays emphasis on knowing the person who is at risk apart from knowing the agent posing the risk.

The Identity of Multicellular Human Organism:

**The Study of Human Anatomy determines the place of Human species in the Order of Nature**. Cunningham’s Manuals of Practical Anatomy provide me the learning tools to know and understand Man’s External and Internal Reality and its Identity as described by Cells, Tissues, Organs,and Organ Systems

Daniel John Cunningham was born on 15 April 1850 in Scotland. After his initial schooling at his home town, Crieff, he took up the study of medicine at the University of Edinburgh and passed with honours. He is best known for the excellent series of dissection manuals, namely Cunningham’s Dissection Manuals. Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy has provided me the learning tools to know and understand Man’s External and Internal Reality and its Identity as described by Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems and know him as a new Species that has not existed before.

I learned the truths about the living human body and about Life while dissecting the dead human bodies in a systematic manner using Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy.

What is the Identity of this Human person or Human subject who experiences his life using the Sensory Experience such as taste? How does the living Human organism maintains its Identity and Individuality? Apart from the Cultural Traditions of India, several Schools of Religious Thought claim that the Human Individuality and true or real Human Identity is represented by Human Soul. Where does this Soul exist in the human body? What is the location if Soul is present in the living person? How does the human organism acquires Knowledge about its own structures and the functions they perform? To know the burdens of Life, I ask my readers to know the reality of Human Being and the nature of his existence.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES: COMPARING HUMAN SKULL WITH THAT OF NEANDERTHAL SKULL HELPS TO UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN EVOLUTION. MODERN HUMANS SHARE SEVERAL FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF OTHER HOMINID SPECIES BUT THOSE SIMILARITIES MAKE THE ISSUE MORE DIFFICULT TO EXPLAIN. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES: COMPARING HUMAN SKULL WITH THAT OF NEANDERTHAL SKULL HELPS TO UNDERSTAND THE PROBLEM OF HUMAN EVOLUTION. MODERN HUMANS SHARE SEVERAL FEATURES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF OTHER HOMINID SPECIES BUT THOSE SIMILARITIES MAKE THE ISSUE MORE DIFFICULT TO EXPLAIN.

THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES: THERE IS NO NATURAL CAUSE, NATURAL FACTOR, NATURAL CONDITION, OR NATURAL MECHANISM TO ACCOUNT FOR THE VARIATION SEEN WHEN THE NEANDERTHAL SKULL IS COMPARED WITH THE HUMAN SKULL.

The Status of Human Species in Nature. Who or What formed the Human Being?

The Status of Man in Nature-Man is a created being — ***The Status of Man in Nature. Michelangelo’s famous painting in Sistine Chapel – Human Being is added to Nature by a Special Act of Creation.***

Michelangelo’s famous painting in Sistine Chapel – Human Being is added to Nature by a Special Act of Creation.

Human Being is a Created Being:

“You turn things upside down,

as if the potter were thought to be like the clay!

Shall what is formed say to Him who formed it,

“He did not make me” ?

Can the pot say of the potter,

“He knows nothing”? (Isaiah, Chapter 29, verse 16)

The Place of Man as “Human” in the Order of Nature:

Does man have an animal ancestry ? Currently, there is no other living species that can be recognized as Man, the species identified as sapiens variety of Sapiens species.

Could we view the behavior of man and animals and the phenomena of intelligence or mind and the constitution of psyche in confirmation with the doctrine of evolution ?

There are two different views about the place of man in nature.

Man is a special creation in Body and Soul:

Plants and animals did not actually exist when the world began. The Book of Genesis speaks about the successive appearance of the various forms of life. The actual production of plants and animals in their various kinds is an act of creation. An increase in the number of species on earth is merely a matter of addition, they attribute stability to each species new as well as old. Man is simply added to the life forms already in existence without any change in the status as species of the pre-existing forms. To quote from the Book of Psalms, 104:24

“How many are your works, O LORD !

In wisdom you made them all;

the earth is full of your creatures.”

The first appearance of man at a historical moment was an act of spontaneous generation, due to a special act of creation. Man is created as an individual human soul.

So God created man in his own image,

in the image of God He created him ;

male and female He created them. (Book of Genesis 1:27)

Man is essentially and abruptly distinct from animals. Man and ape as they now exist in the world, are essentially distinct – different in kind.

“the Lord God formed the man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.” (Book of Genesis 2:7)

The Law of Biogenesis – Like generating Like:

An important fact about generation or reproduction is that a species always breeds true; its members always generate organisms which can be classified as belonging to the same species however much they vary among themselves as individuals within the group. Furthermore, the subgroups the races or varieties of species are able to breed with one another, but diverse species cannot interbreed. If crossbred, like the horse and the ass, they produce a sterile hybrid like the mule.

Species are distinguished by their stability from generation to generation. Species are thus self-perpetuating, they in turn give stability to all the larger groupings – the genera, phyla, families – which remain as fixed from generation to generation as the species which constitute them. Nobody has actually observed or demonstrated the transformation of one species into a different species. Species of living things appear to be fixed in number and immutable in type throughout the ages.

The Status of Man in Nature: Species are recognized on the basis of their morphology (size, shape, and appearance) and, more recently, by genetic analysis. For example, there are up to species of butterfly; they are often very different in appearance and do not interbreed.

By the Law of Natural Generation, offspring will always be of the same species as the parent organisms. No origin of species would be possible except by a special act of creation. If in the course of ages new species have arisen, their appearance cannot be accounted by natural generation.

Modern science tends to affirm the Law of Biogenesis, living organisms are generated only by living organisms.

Life could have sprung up from the nature of what is void of life

In the words of Aristotle, “nature proceeds little by little from things lifeless to animal life.” In terms of structure and function, animals and plants tend to demonstrate a common scheme and this analogy of forms seem to be produced in accordance with a common type. They have an actual kinship due to descent from a common parent. The facts of comparative anatomy and embryology reveal affinities in organic structure and development between organisms distinct in species. The geological record of earth indicates the great antiquity of life upon the earth, also gives evidence of the cataclysmic changes in the earth’s surface with consequences for the survival of life. The fossil remains of forms of life now extinct are not dissimilar from species alive in the present age. The Theory of Evolution describes a developmental or genetic relation among the various forms of life.

Man is a by-product of the evolutionary process and has arrived from already existing organic forms by “descent with modification.” Man is a species and differs from other animals only by continuous variation. Man and ape differ only in degree and intermediate varieties have existed to account for their descent from a common ancestor. The genetic code of man and other primates is nearly identical and they also share the same pseudo genes (genes that are present but their character is not expressed). Man and the anthropoid apes have descended from a common ancestral form which is now extinct as are also many of the intermediate varieties in the chain of development -some fossil remains supply some of the missing links. Some of the transitional forms which are described as part-ape, part-human are identified as ‘Australopithecus’, and ‘paranthropines’. Man has become a distinct species through the extinction of intermediate varieties and he differs from animals in an accidental manner.

The Law of Individuality and Creation:

Ultimately, each individual living creature differs from every other in the same group with whom, at the same time, it shares certain characteristics of the race, the species, the genus, and all the larger classes to which they belong. This uniqueness is important to describe the intrinsic value of human life and the notion of Human Individuality and Individualism. Man has arrived as an Individual and essentially exists as an Individual as per the Law of Individuality, a biological characteristic of all living organisms and creatures.

We have two choices about the position of man in nature. There is an aspect of human existence which is not governed by our choice. Man, when viewed as a physical being, the physical being is mortal and would eventually die and everything that is born comes with its own plan for its dissolution. If man is a created being, he would exist as a spiritual being, and spirituality describes the connection between man and his Creator. If an immortal principle is involved in the creation of man, the nature or essence of man would describe the nature of that immortal principle.

“By the sweat of your brow

you will eat your food

until you return to the ground,

since from it you were taken;

for dust you are

and to dust you will return.” (Genesis, Chapter 3, verse 19)

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Father’s Name: R. Suryanarayana Murty

Sri Venkateswara University, M.B.B.S. Class of April, 1970

Andhra Pradesh Medical Council Medical Registration Number: AMC5282; Date of Registration: September 16, 1971

Philosophy of Medicine – Lesson. 61 – Defend Dignity of Labor

Defend Dignity of Labor – Repeal the Fair Labor Standards Act

Labor Day, is a legal holiday celebrated on the first Monday in September in the United States, American Samoa, Guam, Puerto Rico, the Canal Zone, and the Virgin Islands.

Canada also celebrates Labor Day on the same day. Labor Day is a day set aside to pay tribute to working men and women. It has been celebrated as a national holiday in the United States and Canada since 1894.

“Labor Day differs in every essential way from the other holidays of the year in any country,” said Samuel Gompers, founder and longtime president of the American Federation of Labor. “All other holidays are in a more or less degree connected with conflicts and battles of man’s prowess over man, of strife and discord for greed and power, of glories achieved by one nation over another. Labor Day…is devoted to no man, living or dead, to no sect, race, or nation.”

What is Dignity of Labor?

Dignity of labor is the philosophy that all types of jobs are respected equally, and no occupation is considered superior and none of the jobs should be discriminated on any basis. Regardless of whether one’s occupation involves physical work or mental labor, it is held that the job deserves respect.

In my analysis, the concepts used by the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) are not consistent with the doctrine of Dignity of Labor and hence I ask Americans to repeal the Fair Labor Standards Act.

Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) – White Collar vs Blue Collar

*Labor Day 2026. Defend the Dignity of Labor: Repeal the Fair Labor Standards Act.* No human being performs executive, administrative, or professional service while operating metabolic functions of human bodies of their own. No man lives as the boss, the ruler, the governor, or the administrator of his own body.

Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) which provides protection to people working in the US is fundamentally flawed.

In my analysis, FLSA is fundamentally flawed for it divides workers into categories such as “White Collar” and “Blue Collar” without understanding the basis for the man’s existence in the natural world. There can be no distinction among workers if Life is defined as ‘Knowledge in Action’. All human beings process similar kind of information and use chemical energy to perform similar kinds of sequential, guided, purposeful and goal-oriented actions described as ‘Metabolism’.

No human being performs executive, administrative, or professional service while operating metabolic functions of human bodies of their own. No man lives as the boss, the ruler, the governor, or the administrator of his own body.

**Whole Grind – Grinding on Labor Day Holiday to Deliver the Truth.**

I ask the US Congress and The US Department of Labor to put an end to division of workers into White or Blue Collar. As such, each employee and his or her employer must make the determination about compensation or remuneration and agree upon salaried or hourly wage for performing labor.

In my view, the Natural Sciences and Medical Science in particular do not validate the concept of “WHITE-COLLAR” as no human being performs executive, administrative, or professional service while operating metabolic functions of human bodies of their own. No man lives as the boss, the ruler, the governor, or the administrator of his own body.

I ask my readers to reject the assumptions and the criteria described by the Fair Labor Standards Act as they contribute to Unequal Employment Opportunities at the American Workplace. As such the Fair Labor Standards Act is not consistent with the Natural Law principle of Equality that formulates the Supreme Law of this Land.

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Father’s Name: R. Suryanarayana Murty

Sri Venkateswara University, M.B.B.S. Class of April, 1970

Andhra Pradesh Medical Council Medical Registration Number: AMC5282; Date of Registration: September 16, 1971

Philosophy of Medicine – Lesson. 60 – The Functional Anatomy of Hands is the hallmark of Creativity

The Creative Process of Making Man

The Identity of Multicellular Human Organism:

The functional anatomy of hands demonstrates the creative process of making man. Cunningham’s Manuals of Practical Anatomy provide me the learning tools to know and understand Man’s External and Internal Reality and its Identity as described by Cells, Tissues, Organs,and Organ Systems

Daniel John Cunningham was born on 15 April 1850 in Scotland. After his initial schooling at his home town, Crieff, he took up the study of medicine at the University of Edinburgh and passed with honours. He is best known for the excellent series of dissection manuals, namely Cunningham’s Dissection Manuals. Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy has provided me the learning tools to know and understand Man’s External and Internal Reality and its Identity as described by Cells, Tissues, Organs, and Organ Systems and know him as a new Species that has not existed before.

I learned the truths about the living human body and about Life while dissecting the dead human bodies in a systematic manner using Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy. What is the Identity of this Human person or Human subject who experiences his life using the Sensory Experience such as taste? How does the living Human organism maintains its Identity and Individuality? Apart from the Cultural Traditions of India, several Schools of Religious Thought claim that the Human Individuality and true or real Human Identity is represented by Human Soul. Where does this Soul exist in the human body? What is the location if Soul is present in the living person? How does the human organism acquires Knowledge about its own structures and the functions they perform? To know the burdens of Life, I ask my readers to know the reality of Human Being and the nature of his existence.

The functional anatomy of hands offers the evidence of creativity to qualify man as a created being

***Man’s Creation – The evidence of Precision Grip. A fully opposable Thumb gives human hands its unique Power Grip and Precision Grip.***

What is Creation?

***Man’s Creation – The evidence of Precision Grip. Man’s use of hands demonstrates creativity.***

I define creation as the process by which products are created with degrees of variations amongst them and they would appear to be different even when they are related to each other. This variation gives the product of creation an identity, individuality, a sense of uniqueness, and an attribute of distinctiveness. For example, humans and chimpanzees share almost identical genomes, but we are different. This variation is present between different species and amongst members of the same species. Hence, creation could be stated as a process which institutes differences between apparently similar objects and makes them unique and distinct. In the fields of arts, music, literature and others, originality is an attribute of creativity. In creating man, the Creator has displayed His powers of creativity and we can always distinguish one individual from another individual.

What is the Identity of Man?

Man is classified as Homo sapiens sapiens- i.e. the sapiens variety of the species Homo sapiens. Modern humans have delicate skeletons. Their skulls are more rounded with a mean cranial capacity of about 1,350 cubic centimeters (82 cubic inches). Their brow ridges generally protrude much less and they have a vertical forehead. The back part of the skulls are more rounded and rarely display the occipital buns found on the back of Neanderthal skulls. Man has jaws and teeth of reduced size, the nose and chin are prominent or projecting. The relatively high foreheads are indicative of both qualitative and quantitative development of the brain. Those areas of the brain concerned with vision, muscular coordination, memory, learning, and communication have especially shown development. A large and complicated brain (which may be called a superior brain), the stereoscopic vision and a corresponding reduction of the sense of smell, the upright posture and the supremely flexible hands are some of our important features. The pelvis and the legs are designed to support weight, help the bipedal propulsion of the body in the erect position, while the feet and toes have lost the prehensility characteristic of the Primates in general. We have been identifying individuals for a long time now. We use several methods to establish the identity. Photos, fingerprints, dental records, iris scans, and DNA are some of the tools used in the identification process.

The Evidence of Precision Grip:

Spirituality Science – The Status of Man in Nature: The Grasping ability of Hand can perform two functions; 1. The Power Grip, and 2. The Precision Grip. The image shows the anatomy of the distal phalanx and its relationship with soft structures that are related to refined manipulation of tools or objects held by the Grip.

The modern humans are different from all other species including other species which have similar features of the genus Homo.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE STATUS OF MAN IN NATURE: While the Modern Man (Homo sapiens sapiens) and Paleolithic Man (Homo sapiens neanderthalis) NEANDERTHAL have similar skeletal features that contribute to the functional ability called the ‘Precision Grip’, the distinction between the two can be easily made when they perform functions making use of that Grip.

Humans use their flexible, grasping hands to explore and utilize the environment in unique ways. A fully opposable thumb and fingers makes the hands capable of both power and precision grips and gives remarkable manipulative abilities. Human hands can skillfully fabricate tools and produce art and sculpture. Man has not only invented tools like needles, he has the manipulative ability to thread a needle and to sew clothes using hides and other materials. The ability to hold a brush and draw paintings sets man apart from other ancestral types which used stone tools and used fire for cooking, for warmth and in hunting.

**Man’s Creation – The evidence of Precision Grip: CRO-MAGNON MAN AND PRECISION GRIP .**

Prehistoric art is a relatively recent development; it first appeared during the Upper Paleolithic Period, the last division of the Old Stone Age. The first cave paintings were discovered in Spain and France belong to the Upper Paleolithic Period (c. 30,000 – c. 10,000 BC). These are associated with the remains of Cro-Magnon Man who appeared in Europe about 35,000 years ago. So far, no direct evidence of Neanderthal art has been found.

**SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE STATUS OF MAN: THE CRO-MAGNON MAN IS DESCRIBED AS PREHISTORIC MAN. HIS SKULL IS LARGER AND LESS ROUNDED IN SHAPE AS COMPARED TO THE SKULL OF MODERN MAN.**

The Cro-Magnon Man would have looked like the present day European man but the Cro-Magnon had a relatively larger cranial capacity (up to 1590 cubic centimeters) and a broader face. The culture based on hunting and gathering reached its peak of development about 12,000 years ago. Technical innovations included tools made of bone and ivory, clothing sewn together and a system of reckoning time by the Sun and the Moon. About 10,000 years ago, during the Mesolithic Period, man had invented new weapons such as the bow and arrow and started using ingenious traps, snares and nets to exploit the natural resources.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE PROMISE OF GOOD OLD AGE: THE OLD TESTAMENT BOOK OF GENESIS IS A WRITTEN RECORD OF THE LIFE-SPAN OF HEBREW PEOPLE. HUMAN HISTORY AND THE RECORDS OF HUMAN LONGEVITY BEGIN WITH THE CREATION OF ADAM AND EVE IN THE GARDEN OF EDEN. THE HEBREW WORD ADAM MEANS MAN. — Spirituality Science – The creation of Adam and Eve in the Garden of Eden. The Hebrew word Adam means Man. The Biblical story of Adam and Eve provide the contrast between Human Nature and Human Behavior. **THIS IS THE EVIDENCE FOR A HUMAN ARTIST. IT DEMONSTRATES THE USE OF PRECISION GRIP, THE HUMAN HAND THAT GRASPED THE PAINTING BRUSH THAT CAN DRAW OBJECTS WITHOUT DIRECT EXPERIENCE OF SUCH OBJECTS.**

Among animal species, only ‘Humans’ have the spiritual ability to communicate or describe things that may not exist in their immediate, physical environment. A Human Artist has the potential ability to write or depict objects for which there is no direct sensory experience. To make the distinction between the Prehistoric Man and the Anatomically Modern Man, to discern the difference between Paleolithic Art and Human Art, I categorically assert that only a Human Artist has the potential, spiritual ability to draw and depict objects for which there could be no basis in the physical environment directly experienced by the Artist. To make the equation between Man and Human and to determine the Status of Man in Nature, the use of the Precision Grip provides decisive evidence.

The Uniqueness about the use of Hands:

*Man’s Creation – The evidence of Precision Grip. The use of hands to communicate thoughts, ideas, feelings, moods, and emotions*.

Man uses his hands not only in the performance of non-locomotor activities but also to express his thoughts, ideas, feelings, moods and emotions. We differ from all other species in the manner with which we use our hands to communicate with others. We use our hands to greet others, to show love and affection,to provide comfort and to perform acts of kindness and compassion, to demonstrate anger and displeasure or frustration, to display an obedient and respectful behavior, to derive psycho-sexual gratification, and to communicate in various non-verbal manners. The unique ways in which man uses his hands has produced cultural icons. In India, people use hands to greet others and the greeting is known as ‘Namaskar’ or ‘Namaste’. Indians greet and worship their Gods and everything that He created in the same manner and with the same greeting of Namaskar which acknowledges the divine creative phenomenon by the display of respect and obedience using hand gestures.

**Man’s Creation – The evidence of Precision Grip.**

If there are over six billion human beings on this planet, I can demonstrate that there are over six billion individual variations by simply testing the use of the precision grip by each individual. These differences are important and give us our identity and this is possible because each one of us is created in a very special manner.

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Father’s Name: R. Suryanarayana Murty

Sri Venkateswara University, M.B.B.S. Class of April, 1970

Andhra Pradesh Medical Council Medical Registration Number: AMC5282; Date of Registration: September 16, 1971

Philosophy of Medicine – Lesson. 59 – The Status of Man in Nature.

Prehistoric Man vs Anatomically Modern Man (or Human)

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN IN NATURE: The Grasping ability of Hand can perform two functions; 1. The Pressure Grip, and 2. The Precision Grip. The image shows the anatomy of the distal phalanx and its relationship with soft structures that are related to refined manipulation of tools or objects held by the Grip. — The Status of Man in Nature. Prehistoric Man vs Anatomically Modern Man (or Human): The Grasping ability of Hand can perform two functions; 1. The Power Grip, and 2. The Precision Grip. The image shows the anatomy of the distal phalanx and its relationship with soft structures that are related to refined manipulation of tools or objects held by the Grip. It can provide evidence to make the distinction between Anatomically Modern Man artist and Prehistoric Man artist.

The Status of Man in Nature. Anatomically Modern Man (Human) vs Prehistoric Man: Hand has Grasping ability and it provides two kinds of Grip; 1. The Power Grip, and 2. The Precision Grip. Each man can be identified as a specific Individual by gathering evidence from the use of the Precision Grip.

The members of Hominidae Family show a unique specialization of the lower limb, the pelvis and leg to provide the support for bipedal propulsion of the body in the erect position or vertical gait. In Primates such as apes and monkeys, the feet and toes have the characteristic called prehensility and the Hominids have lost that characteristic.

The Hominids have a large and complicated brain, the visual sense is better developed with a corresponding reduction of the sense of smell. The hand with flattened nails and the true opposability of the thumb can perform two types of grasping function called, 1. The Power Grip and 2. The Precision Grip. The Hominid Family members have intensified mother-offspring relationship due to prolonged infant dependency. While the Hominid brain shows both qualitative and quantitative development, there are significant differences in the areas of the brain concerned with vision, muscular coordination, memory, learning, and communication. Hominids such as the Rhodesian Man and the Cro-Magnon Man had large skulls and their brains were larger as compared to that of Anatomically Modern Man (or Human).

The Hominid Family members share important skeletal features and similarities and yet the same time, the size and shape of the skull can be used to make distinctions between the various species. Similarly, while the skeletal features that contribute to the ability called ‘Precision Grip’ are common, in the use of this Precision Grip each member demonstrates an originality with which the member can be identified as a specific Individual with Individuality.

The Cro-Magnon Man and The Modern Man (Human):

The Cro-Magnon Man is often described as Prehistoric Man or Early Man who lived 40,000 to 35,000 years ago. The Cro-Magnon is not a species or subspecies and as such is included in the Homo sapiens, sapiens species. However, there are some important differences between the two.

The Cro-Magnon Man lived during European Upper Paleolithic Period and the fossil remains were discovered in 1868 in the big cave in Occitan, Southwestern France. During the Upper Paleolithic Period, there is evidence of communal hunting, man-made shelters, rock carvings and paintings and primitive belief systems like Magic and the Supernatural. The Cro-Magnon Man was about 6 feet (180 centimetres) tall, had a high forehead, short, wide face, prominent chin and a brain capacity of 1600 cubic centimeters, larger than the average for Modern Man (Human) which is about 1,350 cubic centimeters. He had used flint and bone tools and designed shell and ivory jewelry.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE CRO_MAGNON MAN IS DESCRIBED AS EARLY MAN AND HIS SKULL BONES COULD BE EASILY DISTINGUISHED FROM THOSE OF MODERN MAN. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: The Cro-Magnon Man is described as Early Man and his skull bones could be easily distinguished from those of Anatomically Modern Man . Apart from the size and shape of the Skull, this distinction between Brain of Anatomically Modern Man and Cro-Magnon Brain can be made by comparing the artistic works of both.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE SKULL OF MODERN MAN IS DIFFERENT IN ITS APPEARANCE AS COMPARED TO THE SKULL OF THE CRO-MAGNON MAN. THE SCIENCE OF FORENSIC ANTHROPOLOGY HELPS TO ESTABLISH THE IDENTITY OF THE HUMAN INDIVIDUAL WITH VERY HIGH SPECIFICITY. — The Status of Man in Nature. Anatomically Modern Man (Human) vs Prehistoric Man: The Skull of Anatomically Modern Man is different in its appearance as compared to the Skull of Cro-Magnon Man. The Science of Forensic Anthropology helps to establish the identity of the Modern Human Individual with very high Specificity using several Identification Markings of the Skull and Facial bones.

The Evidence of Precision Grip: Anatomically Modern man (Human) vs Prehistoric Man

The Cro-Magnon Man perished and fortunately we have evidence in the form of Prehistoric Art which includes sophisticated polychrome paintings of exquisite design. Magnificent cave paintings were discovered in Southwestern France and Northern Spain.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP. LASCAUX CAVE PAINTINGS. Belong to the Aurignacio-Perigordian Period, c. 14,000-c. 13,500 B.C. — The Status of Man in Nature. Anatomically Modern Man vs Prehistoric Man: The Evidence of Precision Grip. Lascaux Cave Paintings belong to the Aurignacian-Perigordian Period, c. 14,000 – c. 13,500 B.C. This artist has not provided sufficient evidence to know the artist as a ‘Moden Man’ or ‘Human’ artist. The object depicted existed in the physical environment that was experienced by the artist.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP. MURALS AT ROUFFIGNAC - THE SOLUTREO-MAGDALENIAN PERIOD, c. 14,000-c. 9500 B.C. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: The Evidence of Precision Grip. Murals at Rouffignac. The Solutrean-Magdalenian Period, c. 14,000 – c. 9500 B.C. This artist was not a “Human” artist as the objects described by the painting could be found in the physical environment directly experienced by the artist.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP. NIAUX CAVE PAINTINGS, c.14,000-c. 9500 B.C., THE SOLUTREO - MAGDALENIAN PERIOD. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: The Evidence of Precision Grip. Niaux Cave Paintings, c.14,000-c. 9500 B.C., The Solutrean-Magdalenian Period. This artist did not demonstrate the potential ability to make a drawing of an object that was not directly experienced. These animals were found in the natural environment experienced by the artist.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP. CAVE PAINTINGS OF ALTAMIRA, SPAIN, c. 14,000-c. 9500 B.C. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: The Evidence of Precision Grip. Cave Paintings of Altamira, Spain, c. 14,000-c. 9500 B.C. The use of the Precision Grip is demonstrated by this artistic drawing. But, the artist was not a Human artist who has the potential ability to draw objects for which there could be no physical basis.

The painting of pictures on the walls of caves or on the rocks is a definitive evidence of the use of Precision Grip and yet it does not constitute the evidence for the specific human ability and characteristic called Writing. The purpose of Writing is not simply about communication using written shapes or signs. It requires the development of specific areas of the brain that are associated with human speech. For example, Broca’s area produces verbs, builds sentences, and predicts what people are going to say. The brain area called Wernicke’s Area attaches meanings, images and feelings to sounds and to individual words. Human Speech and Writing has a spiritual attribute with which it can transcend the limitations set by natural boundaries and it extends across the barriers of Time when the thoughts of the dead and the living reach those not yet born. A Human Artist has the potential ability to draw and depict objects for which there could be no physical basis in the environment directly experienced by that Artist.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP CANNOT PROVIDE CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE OF THE PURELY HUMAN ABILITY CALLED WRITING. THE CRO-MAGNON MAN HAD APPARENTLY NOT DEVELOPED THE SPECIAL AREAS OF THE BRAIN THAT ARE IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN SPEECH AND WRITING. THE CHIEF AMONG THE BRAIN AREAS OF SPEECH IS BROCA'S AREA - BRAIN'S SPEECH CENTER. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP CANNOT PROVIDE CONCLUSIVE EVIDENCE OF THE PURELY HUMAN ABILITY CALLED WRITING. THE CRO-MAGNON MAN HAD APPARENTLY NOT DEVELOPED THE SPECIAL AREAS OF THE BRAIN THAT ARE IMPORTANT FOR HUMAN SPEECH AND WRITING. THE CHIEF AMONG THE BRAIN AREAS OF SPEECH IS BROCA’S AREA – BRAIN’S SPEECH CENTER.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE HANDAXES OF PALEOLITHIC PERIOD. HAND AX APPEARED ABOUT 700,000 YEARS AGO. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE HANDAXES OF PALEOLITHIC PERIOD. HAND AX APPEARED ABOUT 700,000 YEARS AGO. THE USE OF AX DESCRIBES THE POWER GRIP, THE GRASPING ABILITY OF HAND. BOTH HUMANS AND THE PREHISTORIC MAN SHARE THIS CHARACTERISTIC GRASPING ABILITY.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE MESOLITHIC PERIOD(c. 10,000-c. 8000 B.C.) KUNDA TOOLS FOUND IN ESTONIA. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE MESOLITHIC PERIOD (c. 10,000-c. 8000 B.C.) KUNDA TOOLS FOUND IN ESTONIA. THE TYPES OF TOOLS USED GENERALLY HELP US TO KNOW THE ABILITY CALLED DEXTERITY OR THE ABILITY TO MANIPULATE OBJECTS HELD BY THE HAND.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD(c. 8000-c. 3500 B.C.) IS CHARACTERIZED BY POLISHED STONE TOOLS APART FROM POTTERY. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD (c. 8000-c. 3500 B.C.) IS CHARACTERIZED BY POLISHED STONE TOOLS APART FROM POTTERY. THE EVIDENCE FOR A HUMAN ARTIST EMERGES FROM THE DESIGNING OR CRAFTING OF THE TOOLS.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD SHOWS THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF MODERN HUMAN CULTURE APART FROM THE INTRODUCTION OF A VARIETY OF TOOLS BEFORE THE BEGINNING OF BRONZE AGE(c.3500-1000 B.C.) — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE NEOLITHIC PERIOD SHOWS THE DEVELOPMENT AND SPREAD OF MODERN HUMAN CULTURE APART FROM THE INTRODUCTION OF A VARIETY OF TOOLS BEFORE THE BEGINNING OF BRONZE AGE (c.3500-1000 B.C.) ANIMALS CAN BE TRAINED TO USE TOOLS CRAFTED BY MAN. BUT A HUMAN ARTIST INVENTS TOOLS FOR A PURPOSE HE DISCOVERS USING THE POWER OF IMAGINATION.

It is important to make the distinction between the Prehistoric Man and the Anatomically Modern Man (Human) to determine the Status of Man in Nature. The evidence for the Modern Man’s arrival on planet Earth begins in the Mesolithic Period or the Middle Stone Age at the end of the last glacial era, about 10,000 years ago. The Neolithic Period or the New Stone Age is the Old World Cultural Period (c. 8000-c. 3500 B.C.) which is characterized by polished stone tools, pottery, weaving, stock rearing, agriculture, megaliths like the Stonehenge and the first known human writing dates from 6000 B.C.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE STATUS OF MAN: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP. MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI(1475-1564), ITALIAN SCULPTOR AND PAINTER WORKED ON THE CEILING OF THE SISTINE CHAPEL FROM 1508 TO 1512 TO CREATE THIS VISION OF PRIMORDIAL HUMANITY FOR WHICH THERE IS NO PHYSICAL BASIS IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF HIS LIFETIME. THIS IS THE EVIDENCE FOR A HUMAN ARTIST. IT DEMONSTRATES THE USE OF PRECISION GRIP, THE HUMAN HAND THAT GRASPED THE PAINTING BRUSH THAT CAN DRAW OBJECTS WITOUT DIRECT EXPERIENCE OF SUCH OBJECTS. — The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human: THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP. MICHELANGELO BUONARROTI (1475-1564), ITALIAN SCULPTOR AND PAINTER WORKED ON THE CEILING OF THE SISTINE CHAPEL FROM 1508 TO 1512 TO CREATE THIS VISION OF PRIMORDIAL HUMANITY FOR WHICH THERE IS NO PHYSICAL BASIS IN THE ENVIRONMENT OF HIS LIFETIME. THIS IS THE EVIDENCE FOR A HUMAN ARTIST. IT DEMONSTRATES THE USE OF PRECISION GRIP, THE HUMAN HAND THAT GRASPED THE PAINTING BRUSH THAT CAN DRAW OBJECTS WITHOUT DIRECT EXPERIENCE OF SUCH OBJECTS.

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Father’s Name: R. Suryanarayana Murty

Sri Venkateswara University, M.B.B.S. Class of April, 1970

Andhra Pradesh Medical Council Medical Registration Number: AMC5282; Date of Registration: September 16, 1971

***The Status of Man in Nature. Man vs Human. Gods and Goddesses of Ancient Egypt provide the evidence for the use of Precision Grip with human imagination.***

Philosophy of Medicine – Lesson. 58 – Plato’s Theory of Human Forms

The Singularity called Man has its own Dimensions

The Material Basis of Spirituality. What is Matter? and What is Spirit? If materialism is about the influence of money and material wealth, I would like to use the Power/Force/Energy called Money to talk about Life and Death. The Law of Conservation is applicable to both the living, and the non-living matter. If any person can refute my claim using valid, scientific information, I would give the person a US $1,000 bill as a reward.

What it is to be a Substance? and What it is to Exist? We need to establish knowledge about the man on a firm basis and the information it provides must be tested for its accuracy and consistency with an external reality. We have to make the fundamental distinction between the living and the non-living matter. The scientific advances of the 19th and 20th centuries reinforced the materialistic position concerning the basic similarity of organic living and inorganic physical matter. The man is viewed as a product of natural evolution and is thought to be subject to the same laws of Physics and Chemistry or mechanistic principles.

We need a methodology to study philosophy and to understand philosophical statements. Logical Positivism, also known as Scientific Empiricism aims to clarify concepts in both everyday and scientific language. It describes analysis of language as the function of philosophy. This analysis of language and of concepts is important to understand questions of belief and ideology which affect what we think we ought to do individually and socially. I use this method of ‘Applied Philosophy’ to analyze the philosophical doctrine of ‘Materialism’ and to study the views of Greek philosophers and their efforts to interpret human nature and human existence.

***What is Man? Plato’s Theory of Human Forms. Greek Philosophers Plato and Aristotle – To understand Man and Human Nature, we must know the Human Form, its actions and behavior.***

What is Man? The motivation to ask this question comes from a statement expressed in the Sanskrit language, ‘Sarvesham Svastir Bhavatu’, which seeks the well-being of all humans, of all races, of all cultures, of all religions, and of all nations.

WHAT IS MAN? PLATO'S THEORY OF HUMAN FORMS. DISCOVERY OF PEACE, HARMONY, AND TRANQUILITY AS LIVING EXPERIENCE. — **WHAT IS MAN? PLATO’S THEORY OF HUMAN FORMS. THE DISCOVERY OF PEACE, HARMONY, AND TRANQUILITY AS LIVING EXPERIENCE.**

Our efforts to support the well-being of Man would be affected by our understanding the ‘real’ or ‘true’ nature of Man. Aristotle describes corporeal substances are composite of two principles, 1. Form and 2. Matter.

It is important to seek a proper understanding of Human Form and to know the truth about Human Nature by describing the Form. Being born relates the man to the Subjective Reality of his physical existence and Human Nature is related to the fact of man’s existence in the physical world and universe. If the Objective Reality of the man is non-material or immaterial, we still need to know as to what exists in the world, and as to how it exists.

Plato’s Theory of Forms – The Dualism of Body and Soul:

Greek philosopher Plato (427 B.C. to 347 B.C.) describes Human Nature by his Theory of Forms. He describes four aspects or dimensions of Man; 1. The Logical Form, 2. The Epistemological Form, 3. The Moral Form, and 4. The Metaphysical Form.

I.The Logical Form: It describes the Physical Being, the Physical Form, and its Identity. Each human being has characteristic physical features using which he can be identified as a member of the genus Homo and he has very specific features that establish his identity that is shared by all the members of a species known as Homo sapiens, sapiens. Members of this species could be further identified as Specific Individuals using the present Identification Technology.

This Specific Individual will not exist with the same identifying features during the entire duration of his physical existence. The Logical Form of Man is impermanent and is subject to constant change and eventual death. However, the existence of this Physical Form is important to support the existence of Man and to know his Human Nature. Existence precedes Human Nature or Essence. The Essence (or, Who You Are) is defined and preceded by Existence (or, What You Do).

Man belongs to a Social Group, and always exists as an Individual with Individuality while his Physical Form changes and passes through various stages such as infancy, boyhood, teenage, adult and old age. The Logical Form is subject to change, decay, and death. Hence, the reality of this Form is often doubted. Plato has not known Man as a multicellular organism and his description of the Logical Form is not based on the study of Human Anatomy and Human Physiology.

II.The Epistemological Form: The term Epistemology deals with the Theory of Knowledge. It describes the possible kinds of Knowledge and the degrees of certainty for each kind of Knowledge. Plato describes the kind of Knowledge that Man can acquire through Education, a process of Learning from Sensory Experience, and teaching imparted by others. Plato expects to obtain full Knowledge of Human Forms through proper Education. In Plato’s view, such Self-Knowledge is important to know the Metaphysical Form of Man. Self-Knowledge leads to an understanding of the man’s true or real nature. Perception of impermanent, material, perishable Human Body is described by Plato as opinion or belief and he considers that such perception is not true Knowledge of Human Form.

Plato has not given attention to Knowledge that is Innate or that is not Acquired by the Learning Process. To perform Living Functions in support of existence, the man uses biological information that is Inherited and not Knowledge that has to be Acquired through Learning.

III.The Moral Form: It describes qualities such as Courage and Justice, the observable aspects of Human Nature described from Human Action and Human Behavior.

IV.The Metaphysical Form: Plato claims that the Metaphysical Form is not perceivable by any of the senses. The Metaphysical Form is the Real Form of Man as compared to the Logical Form which is considered to be unreal. The Metaphysical Form is not present in Space or Time, as it is beyond the World of changeable and perishable things. It belongs to the Realm of Unchanging, Eternal Forms. This Form being True can be fully known through Intuitive Knowledge.

Plato’s Theory of Body-Soul Dualism:

Plato divides Man into two categories; 1. Body – a material entity, and 2. Mind or Soul – a non-material or immaterial entity which can exist apart from the Body. Plato maintains that the Mind or Soul is indestructible, it existed eternally before Birth and will exist eternally after Death.

Plato further describes three parts of Soul as 1. Appetite – the seat of desires and passion such as hunger, thirst, and sexual desire, 2. Reason – the seat of discernment that chooses right from wrong and makes distinctions between good and evil, and 3. Spirit – the seat of self-assertion, self-interest, anger, indignation, and self-pride. Plato considers that the well-being of Man depends on harmonious interactions of three aspects of the Soul. Plato thinks that such harmonious interactions would only be possible when Reason controls both Spirit and Appetite. To strike this balance and to maintain harmony, Man has to obtain Knowledge of Eternal, Unchanging Metaphysical Form.

Plato thinks that Justice is revealed as a Principle of each thing performing the function most appropriate to its nature, a Principle of the proper adjudication of Activity and Being. The Principle of Justice is revealed or discovered in the Individual Human Soul when each part of the Soul performs its proper and appropriate function. Plato believes that Human Soul rules the Human Body. The Rule of Reason is required to combine the virtue of Temperance with Self-Mastery. Harmony results when all elements agree as to which should do what.

The Seven Dimensions of Man:

The study of Man during all stages of his physical existence provides information about Man’s Seven Dimensions or Seven Colors. These are, 1. The Physical, Mortal Being, 2. The Mental Being, 3. The Social Being, 4. The Moral Being, 5. The Spiritual Being, 6. The Created Being, and 7. The Rational Being.

Whole Dude’s Whole Theory of Man defines Man as the ‘Spectrum of Seven Colors’. The Seven Colors or Dimensions of Man are, 1. The Physical, 2. The Mental, 3. The Social, 4. The Moral, 5. The Spiritual, 6. The Creative and 7. The Rational. Isaac Newton could easily verify his ‘Theory of Light’ by conducting his critical experiment in which he used two prisms to breakdown and to reconstitute white light rays. In case of Man, such experimental verification is not possible as Science does not have the capability to breakdown Man and reconstitute him. However, Science provides verified information about the building blocks of life and about basic living functions such as ‘Metabolism’ which essentially involve making, breaking, and repairing ‘Molecules of Life’.

Man–The Spectrum of Seven Colors

For purposes of defining Man the concept of Light Spectrum is useful. Light Spectrum appears continuous with no distinct boundaries. The ‘Singularity’ called Man can be easily witnessed at conception at the stage of Single, fertilized Egg Cell. The study of Man during all stages of his physical existence provides information about Man’s Seven Dimensions or Seven Colors. These are, 1. The Physical, Mortal Being, 2. The Mental Being, 3. The Social Being, 4. The Moral Being, 5. The Spiritual Being, 6. The Created Being, and 7. The Rational Being. Science called Cell & Molecular Biology can account for biomolecules of life and yet do not explain or account for the constitution of Man as a Rational Being.

I view Man as a multicellular organism that naturally hosts trillions of microbes and in fact exists as an interacting biological community or a social group. Man’s existence would be at risk if any of these Seven Dimensions is adversely impacted. Unless we seek clear, visual images of Human Form in all its Dimensions, we will fail to understand Man and his Purpose in Life.

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Father’s Name: R. Suryanarayana Murty

Sri Venkateswara University, M.B.B.S. Class of April, 1970

Andhra Pradesh Medical Council Medical Registration Number: AMC5282; Date of Registration: September 16, 1971

VITRUVIAN MAN, BY LEONARDO DA VINCI(c. 1492). This picture is used as the cover page for Best & Taylor’s Text Book of Human Physiology. Medical Science and Medical Education is knowledge built upon the foundations of understanding and knowing Human Anatomy ( Structure ) and Human Physiology ( Function).

Philosophy of Medicine – Lesson. 57 – Philosopher President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan fails to examine the Material Basis of Atman

The Material Basis of Spirit, Soul, or Atman

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – ESSENCE – IDENTITY – UNITY – EXISTENCE: DR SARVEPALLI RADHAKRISHNAN’S MOST POPULAR BOOK, INDIAN PHILOSOPHY MAY NOT ACCOUNT FOR THE MEANING OF MAN AS A SUBSTANCE AND FAILS TO DESCRIBE THE BASIS FOR MAN’S PHYSICAL REALITY IN THIS WORLD.

Yes Indeed, Life is Complicated. The complexity of Life involves the fundamental nature of existence. Philosophers and Theologians have for a very long time are using terms such as Soul and Spirit without bothering to clarify the distinction between the Living and the Nonliving Matter and further, they leave things to their readers’ imagination without specifying the Substance that constitutes the Spirit or Soul.

September 05, President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan’s birthday is celebrated as Teachers’ Day in India. On Friday, September 05, 2026, I want to share my reflections on the philosophy of Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.

In my analysis, President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, like all other Indian thinkers, thinks of Spirit, Soul, or Atman as an immaterial principle and hence fails to examine the Material Basis of Spirit and Soul, or Atman. At a fundamental level, he fails to make the distinction between Physical Matter and Living Matter. He discusses the nature of human form and human body without sharing any thought about the living corporeal substance of the human body and human form.

Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan and the history of Special Frontier Force, Establishment No. 22, Vikas Regiment: In India, school children celebrate Dr. Radhakrishnan’s birthday (05 September) as Teachers’ Day and every year that I spent as a student, I had a special reason to remember my family connection with his daughter.

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888—1975)

As an academic, philosopher, and statesman, Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888-1975) was one of the most recognized and influential Indian thinkers in academic circles in the 20th century. Throughout his life and extensive writing career, Radhakrishnan sought to define, defend, and promulgate his religion, a religion he variously identified as Hinduism, Vedanta, and the Religion of the Spirit. He sought to demonstrate that his Hinduism was both philosophically coherent and ethically viable. Radhakrishnan’s concern for experience and his extensive knowledge of the Western philosophical and literary traditions has earned him the reputation of being a bridge-builder between India and the West. He often appears to feel at home in the Indian as well as the Western philosophical contexts, and draws from both Western and Indian sources throughout his writing. Because of this, Radhakrishnan has been held up in academic circles as a representative of Hinduism to the West. His lengthy writing career and his many published works have been influential in shaping the West’s understanding of Hinduism, India, and the East.

September 05. My Musings on President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan’s Philosophy.This photo image shows Vice President Radhakrishnan at his New Delhi residence during 1960. I met President Radhakrishnan at his Mylapore, Madras (Chennai) residence after completion of his term of presidency in 1967. He prefers to read while relaxing in his bed. This is the image, I still carry in my memory.

Radhakrishnan located his metaphysics within the Advaita (non-dual) Vedanta tradition (sampradaya). And like other Vedantins before him, Radhakrishnan wrote commentaries on the Prasthanatraya (that is, main primary texts of Vedanta ): the Upanishads (1953),Brahma Sutra (1959), and the Bhagavadgita (1948).

As an Advaitin, Radhakrishnan embraced a metaphysical idealism. But Radhakrishnan’s idealism was such that it recognized the reality and diversity of the world of experience (Prakrit) while at the same time preserving the notion of a wholly transcendent Absolute (Brahman), an Absolute that is identical to the self (Atman). While the world of experience and of everyday things is certainly not ultimate reality as it is subject to change and is characterized by finitude and multiplicity, it nonetheless has its origin and support in the Absolute (Brahman) which is free from all limits, diversity, and distinctions (Nirguṇa). Brahman is the source of the world and its manifestations, but these modes do not affect the integrity of Brahman.

In this vein, Radhakrishnan did not merely reiterate the metaphysics of Shankara (8th century C.E.), arguably Advaita Vedanta’s most prominent and enduring figure, but sought to reinterpret Advaita for present needs. In particular, Radhakrishnan reinterpreted what he saw as Shankara’s understanding of Maya strictly as illusion. For Radhakrishnan, Maya ought not to be understood to imply a strict objective idealism, one in which the world is taken to be inherently disconnected from Brahman, but rather Maya indicates, among other things, a subjective misconception of the world as ultimately real. [See Donald Bauer, Maya in Radhakrishnan’s Thought: Six Meanings Other Than Illusion (1985) for a full treatment of this issue.]

The Material Basis of Spirituality Science. The Truth about Soul or Spirit. Adi Shankara (c. 788 A.D. – c. 820 A.D.), the founder of the Non-Dualist or Advaita School of Indian Philosophy has shared his ideas about human soul or spirit which is called Atma or Atman in the Indian Sanskrit language. What is the Truth about Soul or Spirit?

President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan just like Adi Shankara is fully convinced in his belief that ‘A’ (Soul or Spirit, or Atman) and the human body ‘B’ are not connected or related. It must be noted that, ‘A’ or “Aham” refers to a singular person called ‘I’ and that singular person ‘I’ is in a state called ‘Being’, one who lives, or exists. If ‘A’ is stated to be existing as an entity called I am, I would like to ask the following questions:

1. Who is Existing?

2. What is Existing?

3. When it is Existing?

4. Where it is Existing?

5. Why it is Existing?

If the Subject ‘A’, or “Aham” (I am), has no size, no shape, and no form, how could we establish the fact that ‘A’ is existing?

Adi Shankara/ Dr Radhakrishnan fail to categorically state the place or site where Spirit, Soul, or Atman could be existing.

If ‘A’ is existing, we may like to know the purpose of this existence. If there is a purpose for the existence of ‘A’, the question would be, What is that purpose? How is the nature of ‘A’ or the nature of ‘C’ (Ultimate Reality or God) is related to its purpose?

The Truth and Reality about human Soul, or Spirit, or Atman can be verified, can be corroborated, and can be validated by knowing the structural, functional, mental, moral, social, and spiritual relationship, partnership, connection, association, or bonding between ‘A’ (Soul), ‘B’ (Body), and ‘C’ (God). Indian tradition suggests that the human body has three aspects; “Tri-ani-pada”, or three-in-one; and the three aspects of human body are, 1. Causal, 2. Spiritual, and 3. Material. In my analysis, there is a material connection between ‘A’, ‘B’, and ‘C’, if the human body has a ‘causal, and a ‘spiritual’ dimension.

It is very interesting to note that Adi Shankara and Dr Radhakrishnan specifically avoid to describe the connection or relationship between the human Soul and the human Consciousness. In the Sanskrit language, Consciousness is called Chetana and this term is not explored to study the conscious dimension of the human body. Indian tradition believes that consciousness is the evidence for the presence of the human Soul and for that reason, there is a structural and functional relationship between Soul and the Living human entity that is Conscious.

The philosophy of the Indian President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. What is Spirit? The Discovery of India – The Indian Traditional Greeting known as ‘NAMASKAR’ represents the essence of Indian Culture.

In any case, Hinduism cannot be defined as the Religion of the Spirit. In my experience, most Hindus worship Mother Earth as the physical manifestation of the Absolute (Brahman). In my analysis, the Spirituality of the Hindu experience always includes a Material Basis to account for the relationship between Man, Earth, and God.

We need to explain the concepts of Subject-Object, Appearance-Reality, Perceptual-Categorical, Immanent-Transcendent, Regulative-Constitutive, Conditioned-Unconditioned Dualism in respect of man’s existence and man’s status in Nature.

**September 05: President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan fails to examine the Material Basis of Spirit, Soul, or Atman.**

We need a methodology to study philosophy and to understand philosophical statements. Logical Positivism, also known as Scientific Empiricism aims to clarify concepts in both everyday and scientific language. It describes analysis of language as the function of philosophy. This analysis of language and of concepts is important to understand questions of belief and ideology which affect what we think we ought to do individually and socially. I use this method of ‘Applied Philosophy’ to analyze the philosophical doctrine of ‘Advaita’ and to study the views and philosophy of Adi Shankara and his efforts to interpret the true or real identity.

In the study of a man, the know-er and the known are one. Man is the observer and the observed fact is that of Man’s nature. If Man has to know the truth about his true or real self, he has to understand the truth and reliability of his own cognitive powers. If the Subject called Man is identified as an Object called Soul, or Spirit, the Truth or Reality of Soul, or Spirit involves a structural/functional relationship between the Subject and its Object.

**September 05. My Musings on the Philosophy of President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan. Man’s Existence is shaped by Flat Earth with Arched Dome Experience.**

Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan’s metaphysics fails to account for the existence of the Spirit in the physical, material, terrestrial, or immanent realm called Earth. Just like Shankara, Radhakrishnan claims that the Absolute (Brahman) is identical to the true or real Self (Atman) without clarifying the structural and the functional relationship between the human body and its indwelling Soul, Spirit, or Atman.

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Father’s Name: R. Suryanarayana Murty

Sri Venkateswara University, M.B.B.S. Class of April, 1970

Andhra Pradesh Medical Council Medical Registration Number: AMC5282; Date of Registration: September 16, 1971

**September 05: President Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan fails to examine the Material Basis of Spirit and Soul, or Atman.**

Philosophy of Medicine – Lesson. 56 – The Designing of Matter and Spirit

Whole Designer – Life is Neither Created Nor Destroyed by Man

WholeDude - WholeDesigner - Matter and Spirit: Baruch(Benedict) Spinoza(1632-1677) Dutch philosopher taught that there is but one infinite substance called God or Nature having infinite attributes. He held that mind, and body as merely different aspects of a single substance. In his view, God is Nature in its fullness. — Whole Dude – Whole Designer – Matter and Spirit: Baruch (Benedict) Spinoza( 1632-1677) Dutch philosopher taught that there is but one infinite substance called God or Nature having infinite attributes. He held that mind, and body as merely different aspects of a single substance. In his view, God is Nature in its fullness.

Matter is an actual substance that has properties such as mass or weight, and occupies space. Matter has other attributes like motion, size, shape, and a form by which it may be recognized. Materialism is defined as a system of thought that explains the nature of world as entirely dependent on “matter” the final reality. Materialism as a philosophical doctrine deals with matter as the only reality and that everything in the world, including thought, will, and feeling can be explained only in terms of matter.

Baruch (Benedict) Spinoza, Dutch philosopher taught that there is but one infinite substance, God or Nature, having infinite attributes of which only thought and extension are knowable. He was excommunicated from his Jewish community. He held that mind and body as merely different aspects of a single substance. In his view, God is Nature in its fullness. Matter is immutable or indestructible, and Spinoza explained the indestructibility of matter is established by the uncreated and eternal nature of God. “By Body”, Spinoza writes, “I understand a mode which expresses in a certain and determinate manner the essence of God in so far as He is considered as the thing extended.”

This philosophical doctrine of Materialism is used in modern times to explain that comfort, pleasure, and wealth are the only goals or values of human life and human existence. The idea of materialism is used to contrast it with the spiritual, or intellectual goals, or values of human life. In my view, man will not be able to define his purpose in life if there is separation of matter, and spirit.

Man is a physical being with matter and form. To define the goals, or values of human life, man must understand what it is to be a substance and what it is to exist. If matter and spirit are separated, and if there is no unity between matter and spirit, human life would be simply impossible. The word or term ‘Spirit’ is associated with characteristics such as immutable, immortal, immovable, imperishable, indestructible, immaterial, eternal, and unchanging, or constant nature of a substance which withstands the influence of time If God is uncreated and is eternal, Spirit is a natural extension of that God’s nature and shares the same attributes. To recognize the spiritual potential of a substance, we have to understand the nature of matter.

The Laws of Conservation – “Life is neither created nor destroyed”

WHOLEDUDE - WHOLEDESIGNER - MATTER AND SPIRIT: If materialism is about the influence of money and material wealth, I would like to use the Power/Force/Energy called Money to talk about Life and Death. The Law of Conservation is applicable to both living, and non-living matter. If any person can refute my claim using valid, scientific information, I would give the person a US $1,000 bill as a reward. — Whole Dude – Whole Designer – Matter and Spirit: If materialism is about the influence of material wealth, I would like to use the Power/Force/Energy called Money to talk about Life and Death. The Laws of Conservation are applicable to both living, and non-living matter. Hence, it can be stated that “Life can neither be created nor destroyed.” If any person can refute my claim using valid, scientific information, I would give the person an US $1,000 bill as a reward.

If materialism is about the influence of material wealth, I would like to use the Power/Force/Energy called Money to talk about Life and Death. The Laws of Conservation are applicable to both living, and non-living matter. Hence, if matter can neither be created nor destroyed, it can be stated that “Life can neither be created nor destroyed.” If any person can refute my claim using valid, scientific information, I would give the person an US $1,000 bill as a reward.

The Laws of Conservation of Matter:

WholeDude - WholeDesigner - Matter and Spirit: Antoine Laurent Lavoisier(1743-1794) French chemist and physicist, the founder of modern Chemistry. He gave the name Oxygen to the gaseous chemical element discovered by Joseph Priestley. He discovered the composition of Water molecule. He formulated the Law of Conservation of Mass. — Whole Dude – Whole Designer – Matter and Spirit: Antoine Laurent Lavoisier (1743-1794) French chemist and physicist, the founder of modern Chemistry. He gave the name Oxygen to the gaseous chemical element discovered by Joseph Priestley. He discovered the composition of Water molecule. He formulated the Law of Conservation of Mass.

Chemical elements are the fundamental materials of which all matter is composed. There are about 107 known chemical elements. Chemical elements can combine with one another to form a wide variety of more complex substances called compounds. The number of possible compounds is infinite; perhaps a million chemical compounds are known. When two or more elements combine to form a compound, they lose their separate identities and the product has characteristics quite different from those of the constituent elements. The gaseous elements hydrogen and oxygen with quite different properties can combine to form the compound water which has altogether different properties from either hydrogen or oxygen. Most of naturally occurring matter represents physical mixtures of compounds. The indestructibility of matter was explained by Lavoisier as the Law of Conservation. “We may lay it down as an incontestable axiom,” Lavoisier writes, “that in all the operations of art and nature, nothing is created; an equal quantity of matter exists both before and after the experiment.” What appears to be the destruction of a body is merely the transformation of its matter into another physical condition, without loss of mass unless there is an equivalent gain in energy. The total quantity of matter and energy remains constant throughout all physical changes. Material substances undergo changes when they interact with other material substances, but this “change” cannot be described as the permanent reality. The permanent reality describes the unchanging, or constant nature of chemical elements and molecules in spite of their tendency to interact with other elements and molecules.

WHOLEDUDE - WHOLEDESIGNER - MATTER AND SPIRIT: Water is the simplest and most abundant of all the molecules found in all living matter. The chemical composition of living matter reveals 70 to 80 percent as that of water. At the same time, water can exist as simple, physical, or non-living matter. I claim that water molecule has the potentiality to constitute living matter because of its spiritual nature. — Whole Dude – Whole Designer – Matter and Spirt: Water is the simplest and most abundant of all the molecules found in all living matter. The chemical composition of living matter reveals 70 to 80 percent water. At the same time, water can exist as simple, physical, or non-living matter. I claim that water molecule has the potentiality to constitute living matter because of its spiritual nature. Under the influence of time, living matter is transformed into molecules of non-living matter and yet the properties of molecules is fundamentally conserved allowing the change to proceed in either direction.

The Laws of Conservation are any of the several principles applied in Physics and Chemistry that state that certain properties of an isolated system remain constant with time. Each Law signifies that the nature of a substance or thing that does not change with the passage of time. However, it must be noted that change is the pervasive phenomenon of the natural world. It is said that, “Things in Nature Change with Time.” Although matter may change its form, or shape under the influence of time, its mass always remains the same. The Law of Conservation of Mass implies that matter can be neither created nor destroyed, that is, processes that change the physical, or chemical properties of substances within an isolated system leave the total mass unchanged. Similarly, The Law of Conservation of Energy implies that energy can be neither created nor destroyed, although it can be changed from one form (mechanical, kinetic, chemical, etc.,) into another form such as heat, or the energy consumed in the performance of work. In an isolated system, the sum of all forms of energy therefore remain constant. Every conservation law concerns a collection of two, or more objects, isolated from external influence, for which some physical quantity remains unchanged in time, or is conserved, quite apart from the details of what goes on between the interacting particles within the system. An important function of conservation laws is that they make it possible to predict the macroscopic behavior of a system without having to consider the microscopic details of the course of a physical process or chemical reaction. The fundamental character of these conservation laws is evident in the fact that each law may be deduced from or related to a symmetry property of space and time. The symmetry property of space and time determines the periodic frequency with which a natural change occurs while the nature or properties of things is conserved to allow the change to repeat itself in an expected manner.

What is Spirit? Unchanging Nature in a Changing World:

WholeDude - WholeDesigner - Matter and Spirit: Many important biological processes involve Redox or Oxidation and Reduction Chemical Reactions. These chemical reactions reveal a dynamic process that is the characteristic of both Life and Death. If Life is explained by a series of chemical reactions, the same process continues into Death. — WholeDude – WholeDesigner – Matter and Spirit: Many important biological processes involve Redox or Oxidation and Reduction Chemical Reactions. These chemical reactions reveal a dynamic process that is the characteristic of both Life and Death. If Life is explained by a series of chemical reactions, the same process continues into Death.

Natural Science, and Natural History is about the natural phenomenon called change. The systematized knowledge of Biological Sciences provide us with information about extinction which is the most common phenomenon in planet Earth’s Natural History. Earth has witnessed several major, and minor episodes called extinction during which certain life forms got wiped out. While extinction is driven by climate change and its associated environmental change, life continues to exist on Earth without any apparent change in the chemical composition of living matter. Extinction involves the loss of forms and it does not involve a change in the nature of the corporeal substance that has the potential called Life and is known as Living Matter. In other words, it may be stated that if a change is observed in the natural world, it is always supported by an underlying, unchanging principle. While living things are born and die at the end of their lifetime, the matter, or the corporeal substance which has the potential to establish Life remains unchanged and its nature is conserved and is not affected by time. Under the influence of the cyclical flow of time, individual, living things are born and are dying while the Principle of Conservation maintains the unchanging nature of things that constitute Life or Living Matter. Life is established by a vital, animating principle called Spirit; the presence of Spirit can be related to the unchanging or immutable nature of Matter that gets the nature called Eternal, or Immortal, or Imperishable or Indestructible that overcomes the limitations imposed by Time and Space. The Magic of Creation involves the use of a design, or plan to introduce the abilities such as thought, will, feelings, and cognition into matter that reveals their presence or absence while passing through stages like Life and Death. The same chemical elements, chemical compounds, and chemical reactions operate in the state called living and death and both are maintained by the same unchanging nature of Matter and Spirit. In my opinion, it may not be correct to regard Spirit as separate from Matter. It will not be correct to separate man into physical body or matter, thinking substance or mind, and immaterial substance called Spirit.

There is no human existence if there is disunity or separation of Matter, Spirit, the Body, and the Mind. The uncreated, Eternal, Spiritual nature of God that is shared by Spirit and Matter would lead us to claim: “Life can neither be created nor destroyed.”

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Father’s Name: R. Suryanarayana Murty

***What is Man? Spirituality and Self-Realization. Fulfillment or Establishment of Human Life primarily involves acquisition of Matter and Energy from an External Source***.

Philosophy of Medicine – Lesson. 55 – The Study of Social Behavior

Spiritualism – The New Synthesis:

Dr. Edward Osborne Wilson,American biologist, an expert in the Study of Ants(Myrmecology), former Professor of Zoology, Harvard University, founder of Sociobiology, has studied the genetic basis of the social behavior of all animals including humans. He had presented his theories about the biological basis of Social Behavior in his book, Sociobiology : The New Synthesis(1975). The biological basis of Social Behavior must include the study of the Behavioral Ability of the Living Substance.

Dr. Edward Osborne Wilson is recognized as the world’s leading authority on ants. He is the foremost proponent of Sociobiology, the study of the genetic basis of the social behavior of all animals including humans. In his book, Sociobiology: The New Synthesis (1975) he presents his theories about the biological basis of social behavior. It involves the application of the Theory of Evolution to the study of animal and human social behavior. It holds that the Theory of Evolution by ‘natural selection’ applies to behavior in the same way that it applies to structure and physiological functions. He holds that behavior patterns are genetically determined and are governed by the process of ‘natural selection’. Accordingly, he explains that social behavior relies upon the principle that genes are able to influence behavior and will be selected if the behaviors they encourage contribute ultimately to the reproductive success of the individual carrying those genes. The ‘Darwinian Fitness’ of an organism or a gene is a measure of the ability of that organism or gene to project copies of itself into future generations. Because, ‘natural selection’ would influence genetically controlled behavior, he believes that individuals will tend to behave in ways that maximize their ‘Darwinian Fitness’. However, he attributes 10 percent of human behavior as genetically induced, the rest being attributable to environment.

In my analysis, it could be indeed true that some behavioral abilities depend on underlying genetic mechanisms which support the neural and hormonal mechanisms that are required in the performance of actions by organisms. Dr. Wilson recognizes the essentially biological principles on which animal societies are based and could apply those principles to human social behavior. One of Dr. Wilson’s most notable theories is that a characteristic such as ‘altruism’ could be genetically based and may have evolved through the process of ‘natural selection’. Dr. Wilson maintains that altruistic behavior is consistent with ‘natural selection’ in that the sacrifice is made to save closely related individuals who share many of the sacrificed organism’s genes.

Altruism and Sociobiology:

Ants, approximately 8,000 species of the Insect family Formicidae ( Order Hymenoptera )are social in habit and live together in organized colonies. Worker ants are maximally ‘altruistic’ and devote their whole lives to caring for the Queen to reproduce, constructing and protecting the nest, foraging for food, and tending the larvae while they are sterile. The worker ants display unselfish concern for the welfare of others and they have no chance to reproduce.

The term ‘altruism’ (French – altruisme) was coined by Auguste Comte, the founder of Positivism and Sociology. It is considered as antithesis to Egoism. Altruism is behavior that benefits others at some cost to the individual displaying altruistic behavior. Social scientists refer to altruism as the behavior of an individual who consciously comes to the aid of another, without expecting anything in return. Such behavior is influenced by empathy, an emotional response that results from being aware of another person’s emotions. In Ethics, altruism is described as a theory of conduct that regards the good of others as the end of moral action. It describes unselfish concern for the welfare of others.

However, biologists view altruism as any behavior that reduces the ‘Darwinian Fitness’ (reproductive success) of the altruist while increasing the fitness of another. It is common for animals to share food, help provide for another’s young, defend others against predators, and give alarm calls when a predator appears. Such animal altruism is common and it does not require psychological abilities and functions like sharing of emotions, feelings, and thoughts. Altruism as a behavior is not always a psychological function or ability. It is displayed as pure altruism in the social behavior of worker bees, ants, and wasps.

Spiritualism – The New Synthesis:

Spiritualism and Materialism: The Theory of Spiritualism describes Spiritualism as the Potency that brings the essence and existence of man to come together to establish the reality of man’s biological existence in the physical, material realm. It requires understanding of Biotic interactions, the interactions within the individual organism, among members of the same species and among members of different species of organisms.

It must be understood that behavior is a fundamental characteristic of life and of all living entities. All species, whether single-celled protozoans or the largest of mammals possess the capacity to respond to stimuli in their environment. This ability called responsiveness is the fundamental attribute of all kinds and types of behavior.

Psychologists like B.F. Skinner tend to focus on the learned components of behavior and stress the importance of environment and its influence on behavior. Biologists like Konrad Lorenz tend to focus primarily on the analysis of the innate components of behavior. Sociobiologists tend to recognize the role of genes and the influence of environment and describe that behavioral abilities depend on underlying genetic mechanisms that develop the structures and physiological mechanisms that are important to display a given behavior. It may be noted that both Psychologists and Biologists are describing behavior in the context of social relations and interactions between individual and groups of living organisms. Living things behave in ways to maximize their chances of survival.

In the entire animal kingdom, most living organisms display parental or social instincts. All animals display social behavior. There is no animal that is ever completely isolated from some kind of environment that includes members of the same species or other species. Animals form parental societies to care for their offspring. Bacteria come together to live as colonies. Hence, it will be important to recognize social behavior that is displayed by individual living cells.

I define Spiritualism as the capacity or the biological ability of an individual living cell to formulate harmonious relations with others and to participate in or contribute constructively to changes in the social environment. The potency called Spiritualism is reflected in the biological functions of Consciousness and Intelligence.

Red Blood Cells – Altruism – Spiritualism – The New Synthesis: Unlike most cells of the human organism, mature Red Blood Cells do not have nuclei, have no mitochondria, and have no other organelles. The Red Blood Cells cannot divide and reproduce and lead a short life while they exist to support the life and survival of trillions of other cells in the body.

At a cellular level, the social aspect of Consciousness is reflected by the biological abilities of the cell such as association, cooperation, communication, recognition of other living cells in its immediate environment, and performing actions which have characteristics of functional subservience to provide benefits like survival and reproductive success to other cells. A very good example of Spiritualism is that of altruism displayed by the mature Red Blood Cells of the man. The mature Red Blood Cells have no nuclei and hence cannot divide or reproduce. Each Red Blood Cell has a very limited life span of its own. They sustain their meagre energy needs by a form of anaerobic respiration as they do not have mitochondria like the trillions of other cells of the human body. The Red Blood Cells are passive in nature and they simply exist to provide Oxygen to other cells and tissues, collect Carbon Dioxide while being swept along by the blood stream. Since the mature Red Blood Cells have no nuclei, their behavior is not operated by genes or genetic mechanisms which could be important in their formation, development, and maturation. The social aspects of the Red Blood Cell behavior is related to the spiritual nature of its living substance.

I ask Biologists to give attention to the nature, functional abilities of the living substance apart from the consideration of genes and genetic mechanisms. It may be very clearly understood that the nucleus, the chromosomes, and the genes have no independent existence of their own and they perform their cellular functions while they derive energy and nutritional support from the living substance or Protoplasm that has the biological abilities of Consciousness, and Intelligence which is reflected in its properties like responsiveness, the power of nutrition, and reproduction.

Spiritualism is the Science of New Synthesis; the New Synthesis that formulates the relationships between Substance, Structure, Function, Heredity of a Living Organism and its Environment, Behavior, and Social Community.

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Father’s Name: R. Suryanarayana Murty

Sri Venkateswara University, M.B.B.S. Class of April, 1970

Andhra Pradesh Medical Council Medical Registration Number: AMC5282; Date of Registration: September 16, 1971

Spiritualism – The New Synthesis. The Behavior pf the Red Blood Cell can be described as Altruism. Red Blood Cells are packed with hemoglobin. Each Red Cell contains over 600 million hemoglobin molecules.

Philosophy of Medicine – Lesson. 54 – Theory of Human Nature

What is Man? – The Scientific Study of Animal Behavior

**What is Man? Theory of Human Nature.The Vitruvian Man c. 1492. The painting by Leonardo da Vinci promotes Spirit of Scientific Inquiry of Human Nature.**

What is Man? The motivation for asking this question comes from a statement expressed in Sanskrit Language.

WHAT IS MAN? THEORY OF HUMAN NATURE. PURSUIT OF PEACE, HARMONY, AND TRANQUILITY IN HUMAN LIVING EXPERIENCE. — **WHAT IS MAN? THEORY OF HUMAN NATURE RELATES TO MAN’S PURSUIT OF PEACE, HARMONY, AND TRANQUILITY IN HUMAN LIVING EXPERIENCE.**

“Sarvesham Swastir Bhavatu,” Shanti Mantra seeks the well-being of all humans, of all races, of all cultures, of all religions, and of all nations. My Theory of Human Nature draws inspiration from Man’s pursuit of Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility in Human Living Experience. Our efforts to support the well-being of Man would be affected by our understanding the ‘real’, or ‘true’ Nature of Man.

All human traditions including several philosophical and scientific traditions make assumptions about Human Nature. The basic assumption about Human Nature is that of finding it displayed in feelings, thoughts, moods, action, and behavior. I try to study Human Nature from the functional characteristics that are observable in interactions of cells, tissues, and organs that constitute the Human Organism. Man is a Multicellular Organism, and I discover Human Nature of Subject who lives, taking into account functions of the cells, tissues, organs and organ systems providing the structural basis.

The Key to Human Nature – Evolution vs Creation:

What is Man? Theory of Human Nature. Charles Darwin’s great contributions to Biology: “The Origin of Species by means of Natural Selection: Or the Preservation of Favoured Races in the Struggle of Life” (1859), The Descent of Man (1871), The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals (1872).

Man’s “Evolution” from ape-like ancestors is thought to be the key to our true Human Nature. Ethology or the scientific study of Animal Behavior is based on the Theory of Evolution. In order to explain human condition, Ethological Theories of Human Nature appeal to the “evolutionary” past of man.

What is Man? Theory of Human Nature. Konrad Zacharias Lorenz ( November 1903 to February 1989 ), Austrian Zoologist, founder of modern Ethology, Scientific Study of Animal Behavior by means of comparative zoological methods. He won the Nobel Prize for Physiology along with two other Animal Behavior experts.

Lorenz sees Man as an animal who has evolved from other animals. He thinks that Human Behavior is subject to the same causal Laws of Nature as all Animal Behavior. Many patterns of Animal Behavior show “hereditary coordination” or “instinctive movements” that are innate rather than learned. The ‘instinctual’ Behavior is fixed and may not be eliminated or altered by the environment. Instinct is inherited and it is essentially unlearned Behavior. Some of the most important aspects of Animal Behavior are innate.

Lorenz studied the nature of instinctive behavioral acts. The instinctual Behavior is caused by a ‘drive’ which causes the Behavior to appear spontaneously. The “four big-drives” are Feeding, Reproduction, Flight, and Aggression. Very often, Behavior is activated by two or more basic drives. To account for an instinctive Behavior Pattern in a Species, reference is made to Survival Value it has for the genes responsible for that Behavior. To explain the existence of any particular organ or Behavior Pattern, Lorenz looks for its Survival Value for the given Species.

In his book, “On Aggression” (1963), he explains the Natural History of Man’s Aggressive Behavior. He considers that Man has an innate drive to Aggressive Behavior towards his own species like many other animals. Fighting and warlike Behavior in Man have an inborn basis. He seeks an evolutionary explanation for human innate aggressiveness or ‘Intra-Specific’ Aggression which is concerned with fighting and threats between members of the same Species. The most destructive aspect of Human Aggression is its communal nature and the fighting is not between Individuals but between Groups. Humans fight as Groups and human beings are the only animals to indulge in mass slaughter of their own Species. He explains that this innate Aggressive Behavior has evolved from the communal defense response of our pre-human ancestors.

However, it is important to know that Lorenz made no scientific study of Behavior displayed by Apes. Among the members of Homo genus, Man is the only surviving representative of the Homo sapiens Species and hence it will not be easy to validate his conclusions about evolutionary origin of innate Human Aggressive Behavior. If Aggression is viewed as Hereditary Behavior which is based upon its Survival Value for the genes for that Behavior, it must be noted that there are no surviving human ancestral Species. It appears that Aggressive Behavior had no value in defending survival of Members of Hominin Family, immediate ancestors of Anatomically Modern Man.

Compassion within the Individual and between Individuals:

Compassion or sympathy (sym=together + pati=suffer) describes the emotional feelings of sorrow for the sufferings or troubles of another person or others accompanied by an urge to help. Compassion describes an understanding arising from the sameness of emotional feeling. When man recognizes pain or sorrow in the lives of others, it spontaneously arouses the emotional feelings of Compassion. This understanding and the emotional response to pain and suffering in the lives of others appears to be instinctive. Apart from the “four big-drives”, Compassion is operated by an Innate Drive or it represents Motivated Behavior.

Compassion and Altruism (any behavior that appears to favor another individual’s chances of survival) is a response generated by Human Nature. Compassion acts like a physical force, power, or energy. It has the power to uplift Man from both physical and mental pain. The instinct of Compassion comes into play and acts as a force, power, or energy when Man experiences sorrow in recognition of suffering or troubles of another man or other living entities. I am further suggesting that the Motivated Behavior of Compassion is expressed within Individual actions apart from Interactions between Individuals. If my personal experience of pain or suffering does not elicit emotional reaction of Compassion from others, fortunately, I can derive benefit of the uplifting power of Compassion by simply knowing the Source of Compassion that exists within myself.

When a person is enjoying state or condition of good health, we find that the cells, tissues, and organs of that human person are interacting with each other in a harmonious manner and these intraspecific biotic interactions display characteristics such as mutual assistance, mutual cooperation, mutual tolerance, and mutual functional subservience to provide a benefit to the human individual who lives because of such interactions. The constituent parts of the Human Body interact with each other with a sense of devotion, sympathy, compassion, and understanding.

We often acknowledge Compassion in the actions performed by others in response to pain, and suffering that they witnessed. We describe Compassion from the thoughts, emotional feelings, understanding, and sympathetic response that we witness in the Behavior and action of others. I recognize Compassion in the nature of interactions between the cells, tissues, and organs of my body and consider that such Compassion always operates to keep me the human person in good and positive health.

The Reality of Human Existence is possible because Compassion is innate to Human Nature guiding living functions both in health and sickness. I observe operation of Compassion in the Wound Healing Mechanism described as ‘Inflammation and Repair’.

The emotional feelings associated with Compassion are important for the Survival of Man who needs to find Psychological Satisfaction from his Living Experience. The instinctive Behavior of Compassion supports Survival of Man as it provides Mental Satiation or Contentment which contributes to the Experience of Joy and Happiness in Life.

Compassion is the Key to Human Nature:

What is Man? The Key to Human Nature could be discovered by knowing Cell Structure and Functions. If hereditary behavior is operated by information present in genes, it must be noted that the genes have no independent existence of their own. The nucleus and the genes perform their cellular functions deriving energy from Cytoplasm or Protoplasm of the cell. The biological properties, characteristics, and the biological nature of the Living Substance or Protoplasm could account for the instinctive behavior pattern of Compassion.

The biological properties, characteristics, and biological nature of the Living Substance or Protoplasm accounts for an instinctive Behavior Pattern of Compassion. Biological functions and characteristics such as Nutrition, Cognition, Awareness, Responsiveness, and Communication with other Living Cells have not “evolved” because of their Survival Value for the Species. At a fundamental level, certain living characteristics or Nature is innate or implanted in Living Matter at the beginning or Origin of Life. The Living Substance or Matter known as Cytoplasm or Protoplasm has implanted or innate Nature of Compassion.

In the middle of the 19th century, various biologist started to recognize the importance of Juicy or Slimy contents of the cells. Purkinje (1839) gave the name protoplasm (Gr., Protos- primitive or first, plasma- substance) to the contents of the cells. This theory states that the cell is an accumulation of living substance or protoplasm, definitely limited in space and possessing a nucleus and a cell membrane .

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Father’s Name: R. Suryanarayana Murty

Sri Venkateswara University, M.B.B.S. Class of April, 1970

Andhra Pradesh Medical Council Medical Registration Number: AMC5282; Date of Registration: September 16, 1971

The Descent of Man from Apes

Spirituality Science – The Origin of Human Species:

The Natural History of Human Species:

Things in Nature Change with Time:

Darwinism:

The Origin of The Special Form of Man called Human Species:

The Study of Human Foot refutes the idea of Man’s Descent From Apes

The Identity of Multicellular Human Organism:

THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES: THERE IS NO NATURAL CAUSE, NATURAL FACTOR, NATURAL CONDITION, OR NATURAL MECHANISM TO ACCOUNT FOR THE VARIATION SEEN WHEN THE NEANDERTHAL FOOT IS COMPARED WITH THE HUMAN FOOT.

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

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The Status of Human Species in the Order of Nature

The Identity of Multicellular Human Organism:

THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES: THERE IS NO NATURAL CAUSE, NATURAL FACTOR, NATURAL CONDITION, OR NATURAL MECHANISM TO ACCOUNT FOR THE VARIATION SEEN WHEN THE NEANDERTHAL SKULL IS COMPARED WITH THE HUMAN SKULL.

The Status of Human Species in Nature. Who or What formed the Human Being?

Human Being is a Created Being:

The Place of Man as “Human” in the Order of Nature:

Man is a special creation in Body and Soul:

The Law of Biogenesis – Like generating Like:

Life could have sprung up from the nature of what is void of life

The Law of Individuality and Creation:

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

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Defend Dignity of Labor – Repeal the Fair Labor Standards Act

What is Dignity of Labor?

Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) – White Collar vs Blue Collar

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

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The Creative Process of Making Man

The Identity of Multicellular Human Organism:

The functional anatomy of hands offers the evidence of creativity to qualify man as a created being

What is Creation?

What is the Identity of Man?

The Evidence of Precision Grip:

The Uniqueness about the use of Hands:

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

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Prehistoric Man vs Anatomically Modern Man (or Human)

The Cro-Magnon Man and The Modern Man (Human):

The Evidence of Precision Grip: Anatomically Modern man (Human) vs Prehistoric Man

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

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The Singularity called Man has its own Dimensions

Plato’s Theory of Forms – The Dualism of Body and Soul:

The Seven Dimensions of Man:

Man–The Spectrum of Seven Colors

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

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The Material Basis of Spirit, Soul, or Atman

Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan (1888—1975)

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

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Whole Designer – Life is Neither Created Nor Destroyed by Man

The Laws of Conservation – “Life is neither created nor destroyed”

The Laws of Conservation of Matter:

What is Spirit? Unchanging Nature in a Changing World:

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

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Spiritualism – The New Synthesis:

Altruism and Sociobiology:

Spiritualism – The New Synthesis:

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

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What is Man? – The Scientific Study of Animal Behavior

The Key to Human Nature – Evolution vs Creation:

Compassion within the Individual and between Individuals:

Compassion is the Key to Human Nature:

Dr. Rudranarasimham, Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

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