Whole Dude – Whole Spirituality – Page 81 – Whole Spirituality describes the Unity of God, Soul, and Matter using a Ground Substance of Spiritual Nature.

RATIONALISM vs IRRATIONALISM – FREEDOM vs SURRENDER

RATIONALISM vs IRRATIONALISM – FREEDOM vs SURRENDER

Man has to interpret information provided by Science to know Man’s Status in Nature. In Indian tradition, Man’s transient, ephemeral, conditioned existence is often compared to beads of water found on the surface of Lotus Leaf.

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Man may desire Freedom or make claims of “Born Free” while Science suggests Dependent or Conditioned nature of Human Existence. There is no Religion, there is no Philosophy, and there is no Science that has Power to grant Freedom to Man.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

FROM DEVINDER SINGH GULATI:

Sankara’s claim of absolute identity between man and God is identical with Nanak’s claim. Ramanuja’s claim that God is modified by his own actions is echoed by Guru Nanak when he says God becomes the universe, but the universe is not all of God. In the becoming, God stands modified. Madhava’s path of Surrender is commended by Guru Nanak who says:

Hukam Rajaaee Chalanaa Naanak Likhiaa Naal ||1||

O Nanak, it is written that you shall obey the Hukam of His Command, and walk in the Way of His Will. ||1||

All three; Sankara, Ramanuja and Madhava represent vedantic thought. It can be said then that Guru Nanak’s religion is Vedantic.
In one respect it represents the thought of Yoga philosophy. Guru Nanak affirms that there is one purusha and all the rest are his brides. That is the Vaishnav affirmation of Mirabai too. One Purush is from Yoga. The Sankhya affirms many purusas. These many purusas are the Jeev of Nanak, but he gives them female identity. They have to merge back with the Purush.

Gulati

TAT ASMI PRABHU

On bhavanajagat.com

LORD God Creator or Prabhu has separated Himself from His creation; He is Detached, Disinterested, or prefers to keep Distance. For that reason, I describe Constitutive vs Regulative Dualism. While Sankara claims absolute identity between Man and God, in practical terms, it is of no help as Man lacks Regulative Powers. Ramanuja claims that God is Modified on account of His own actions, just like Human Body modifies the indwelling Soul.

On bhavanajagat.com

Man has no independent existence of his own. Man exists for he is Yoked, Joined, or United with the Divine Power. From God’s perspective, He keeps Himself aloof from His creation. But, from Man’s perspective, existence is about Bonding, Joining, Coming Together, Uniting, or Yoking with Divine Power.

For that reason, I recommend view shared by Madhva, the path of Surrender, or ‘Saranu’ as Devotion or Bhakti is not good enough while God remains Aloof.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

__,_.

RATIONALISM vs IRRATIONALISM – IGNORANCE IS BLISS

RATIONALISM vs IRRATIONALISM – IGNORANCE IS BLISS

Man can describe the reality of the World and Universe as much as he likes. However, Man cannot impart that Knowledge to the Building Blocks of his own body. Man’s existence is not accounted by his mental concepts or philosophical doctrines. To support Man’s existence in Physical World and Universe, God imposed a permanent Barrier called Ignorance that separates Man from Reality of World and Universe. From human perspective, Sun’s Ecliptic is real giving Man opportunity to mark Days of his Life’s Journey on Earth.

**Rationalism vs Irrationalism – Ignorance is Bliss. From Man’s perspective, Sun’s Ecliptic Path is Real.**On wholedude.com

SYNCHRONIZATION OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS WITH SUNRISE AND SUNSET

**Rationalism vs Irrationalism – Ignorance is Bliss. From Man’s perspective, Sun’s apparent motions are Real while Man lives ignorant of Earth’s Motions.**

Apparent motions of celestial bodies shape Man’s Journey on Earth’s Surface while Man lives Blissfully ignorant of Earth’s Motions. No Religion, No Science, No Philosophy can overcome this Ignorance to give Human Body direct sensory experience of Earth’s Real Motions.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada

Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

Guru Nanak proclaimed that this universe is real, not an illusion as suggested by some other religions. “Real are Thy continents; Real is the universe; Real are these forms and material objects; Thy doings are Real, O Lord.” Guru Nanak calls the universe as His chamber when he writes, “Eh jag sache ki hai kothri. Sache ka vich vaas”(AGGS, M 2, p. 463).

Guru Teg Bahadur at page 1429 of the Guru Granth Saheb:
inj kir dyiKE jgqu mY ko kwhU ko nwih ]
nij kar dhaekhiou jagath mai ko kaahoo ko naahi ||
I had looked upon the world as my own, but no one belongs to anyone else.

nwnk iQru hir Bgiq hY iqh rwKo mn mwih ]48]
naanak thhir har bhagath hai thih raakho man maahi ||48||
O Nanak, only devotional worship of the Lord is permanent; enshrine this in your mind. ||48||

jg rcnw sB JUT hY jwin lyhu ry mIq ]
jag rachanaa sabh jhooth hai jaan laehu rae meeth ||
The world and its affairs are totally false; know this well, my friend.

kih nwnk iQru nw rhY ijau bwlU kI BIiq ]49]
kehi naanak thhir naa rehai jio baaloo kee bheeth ||49||
Says Nanak, it is like a wall of sand; it shall not endure. ||49||

There is nothing contradictory in these two statements. these are the two faces if the same reality; Guru Nanak mentions of the reality of created world which certainly is real. God created a real world. The second view relates to the principle of change. The entire universe is continuously changing and never remains the same. What is now will not be the same after sometime. Those who consider themselves ever-living or ever ruling the world are living in fool’s paradise. No one can survive beyond a time. The Change changes everyone continuously change one form changes into another.

Prof Dalvinder Singh Grewal,

1925, Basant Avenue Ludhiana

From: “Devindersingh Gulati

There are three modifications to Vedantic thought. Vedanta is one of the six Indian thought systems. The basic premise of Vedanta is: the world is different yet not different from the one sole reality. According to the Bhedābheda view, Brahman converts itself into the created, but yet maintains a distinct identity. Thus, the school holds that Brahman is both different (bheda) and not different (abheda) from creation and the individual jīva.

The first modification to this premise was brought by Shankara in the eight century that goes by the name Advaita. A second modification was brought by Ramanuja in the eleventh century that goes by the name Vishishtadvaita. Advaita says (like Guru Teg Bahadur) the world is an illusion, Visistadvaita says (like Guru Angad) the world is real. Advaita says (like Gurbani) Jivatma and Paramatma are the same, Visistadvaita says Jivatma and Paramatma have a body-soul relationship. Advaita says that the supreme Brahman is Nirguna, Visistadvaita says the supreme Brahman is Saguna.

Gurbani says the Divine is both Nirgun and Sargun.

A third modification was brought in by Madhva in the thirteenth century that is called Dvaita. On his account, Brahman is a personal God. According to Madhva, reality is characterized by a five fold difference: (i) jīvas (individual persons) are different from God; (ii) jīvas are also different from each other; (iii) inanimate objects are different from God; (iv) inanimate objects are different from other inanimate objects; (v) inanimate objects are different from jīvas (Mahābhāratatātparnirnayaḥ, I. 70-71).

Gurbani clearly differs from Madhva’s perspective.

The Vedanta also says like Gurbani that all is the one. Yet there are differing stances within Vedanta that are all valid schools of thought.

It appears to me that the differing perspectives come from the different angles of viewing the Divine. Guru Nanak affirms that God is unknowable. He has been known in some aspects by the various Bhagats and Gurus that are limited perspectives. To employ Rudranarsimham’s metaphor. if you view the sun from the sun itself, there is no sunrise or sunset as when you view it from earth. But when you view it from the moon, there is only daylight or only darkness, depending on where on the moon you are situated. So let us concede that the Gurbani’s perspective is also a viewpoint; a valid one, that does not invalidate other viewpoints.

On 24 Dec 2016 15:08, “R.Rudranarasimham” wrote:

UNCHANGING PRINCIPLE IN CHANGING WORLD

Rationalism vs Irrationalism – Ignorance is Bliss. Human Organism has no direct sensory perception of Motions of Earth or of Sun. On wholedude.com

Sun when viewed as part of vast Universe, Sun experiences no Sunrise and Sunset. The phenomenon of Sunrise and Sunset belong to World where man keeps his conditioned existence.

This Unchanging Reality of Sun has to be contrasted with man’s experience of Day and Night that measures man’s lifespan on earth or World. If Day and Night are products of Illusion, man’s mortality is the product of Illusion.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

From: Devindersingh Gulati

Here is an excerpt from a paper by Daya Singh Sandhu.

Guru Nanak also proclaimed that this universe is real, not an illusion as suggested by some other religions. “Real are Thy continents; Real is the universe; Real are these forms and material objects; Thy doings are Real, O Lord.” Guru Nanak calls the universe as His chamber when he writes, “Eh jag sache ki hai kothri. Sache ka vich vaas”(AGGS, M 2, p. 463).

Sikhism: The Post-Modern Religion of the World

Sikhism: The Post-Modern Religion of the World

And here is an excerpt from Guru Teg Bahadur at page 1429 of the Guru Granth Saheb:

inj kir dyiKE jgqu mY ko kwhU ko nwih ]
nij kar dhaekhiou jagath mai ko kaahoo ko naahi ||
I had looked upon the world as my own, but no one belongs to anyone else.

nwnk iQru hir Bgiq hY iqh rwKo mn mwih ]48]
naanak thhir har bhagath hai thih raakho man maahi ||48||
O Nanak, only devotional worship of the Lord is permanent; enshrine this in your mind. ||48||

jg rcnw sB JUT hY jwin lyhu ry mIq ]
jag rachanaa sabh jhooth hai jaan laehu rae meeth ||
The world and its affairs are totally false; know this well, my friend.

kih nwnk iQru nw rhY ijau bwlU kI BIiq ]49]
kehi naanak thhir naa rehai jio baaloo kee bheeth ||49||
Says Nanak, it is like a wall of sand; it shall not endure. ||49||

rwmu gieE rwvnu gieE jw kau bhu prvwru ]
raam gaeiou raavan gaeiou jaa ko bahu paravaar ||
Raam Chand passed away, as did Raawan, even though he had lots of relatives.

khu nwnk iQru kCu nhI supny ijau sMswru ]50]
kahu naanak thhir kashh nehee supanae jio sansaar ||50||
Says Nanak, nothing lasts forever; the world is like a dream. ||50||

http://www.sikhphilosophy.net/ threads/gurbani-kirtan-23- salok-mahala-9.14457/

Will someone explain the apparent contradiction.

Gulati

**Rationalism vs Irrationalism – Ignorance is Bliss. If Sunrise and Sunset are products of Illusion, Man’s Mortality is the product of Illusion. Man’s Flight at the end of Lifetime.** On bhavanajagat.com

**Rationalism vs Irrationalism – Ignorance is Bliss. Sun’s Ecliptic Path is Real for Man is ignorant of Earth’s Motions.** On bhavanajagat.com

Rationalism vs Irrationalism – Earth is Flat

RATIONALISM vs IRRATIONALISM. MAN’S EXISTENCE IS SHAPED BY FLAT EARTH WITH ARCHED DOME EXPERIENCE.

“Earth is Flat.” This statement can be verified using Pure Reasoning, by a rational interpretation of scientific theories called the Geocentric Theory, and the Heliocentric Theory.

**Rationalism vs Irrationalism – Earth is Flat.**

**Rationalism vs Irrationalism – Earth is Flat. Heliocentric Model needs verification using method of Pure Reasoning.**

**Rationalism vs Irrationalism. Earth is Flat. Pure Reasoning supports the Geocentric Model.**

The man experiences the reality of Sun’s ‘apparent’ motion across the Sky. I verify this statement by attaching my reasoning. The man’s days of real, physical, observed, verified existence on Earth’s Surface is determined by “Apparent Motion” (or Ecliptic Path) of Sun and not by Sun’s “Real Motion” around the Milky Way Galactic Center.

**Rationalism vs Irrationalism. Earth is Flat for Man recognizes Sun’s Path while standing on Flat Disc of Earth.**

**Rationalism vs Irrationalism – Earth is Flat. Sun’s real motion in Milky Way Galaxy is unknown to Man who only experiences the Reality of Sun’s apparent motion across the Sky.On bhavanajagat.com**

The man is able to live and is able to keep his existence for Earth provides the experience of Flat Surface or Flat Disc. No Scientific Information has Power to overcome this direct Sensory Experience that governs all Living Functions or Biological Rhythms. A ‘Rationalist’ will give attention to his own direct Sensory Experience as keeping one’s own Life is the most Reasonable Doctrine.

The rational interpretation of scientific information

**Rationalism vs Irrationalism – Earth is Flat. Genesis 1:16.**

The doctrine of Rationalism uses Pure Reasoning to discover truth.

We need a rational interpretation of scientific information. What does Science say about Sun? We need to comprehend Science and make a rational interpretation using reason, and empirical data if not by faith or belief in God.

The First Book of Moses, The Old Testament Book of Genesis claims that Sun and Moon are appointed as lamps in the sky to illuminate world during Day and Night.

Let me know as to which part of Science you do not understand.

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
BHAVANAJAGAT

DOOM DOOMA DOOMSAYER WELCOMES THE MEETING BETWEEN PRESIDENT TRUMP AND DALAI LAMA

DOOM DOOMA DOOMSAYER WELCOMES THE MEETING BETWEEN PRESIDENT TRUMP AND DALAI LAMA

On www.zimbio.com

Doom Dooma Doomsayer welcomes the meeting between President Trump and Dalai Lama to reaffirm our commitment to foster friendly relations between Tibet, India, and the United States.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
DOOM DOOMA DOOMSAYER

On bhavanajagat.com

Hopeful of an early meeting between Trump, Dalai Lama: Lobsang Sangay | Central Tibetan Administration

Monday, December 19, 2016
11:26 PM

On bhavanajagat.com Hopeful of an early meeting between Trump, Dalai Lama: Lobsang Sangay

December 19, 2016

Lobsang Sangay (left), the Prime Minister of Tibet’s government in exile with Tibet’s spiritual leader, The Dalai Lama. Photo: PTI
By Elizabeth Roche – Live Mint, 19 December 2016
Tibet’s PM-in-exile Lobsang Sangay says encouraged by Donald Trump’s stance on One China policy, remains hopeful of support to resolve Tibet issue peacefully
New Delhi: Lobsang Sangay, ‘prime minister’ of the Tibetan government in exile in India, says he is encouraged by US president elect Donald Trump’s recent statement that his administration does not need to be bound by the One China policy.
Sangay is also hopeful of an early meeting between Trump and the Tibetan spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama. Sangay was of the view India should also make Tibet as issue for talks with China given that China already considers it a “core” issue with India. On the reincarnation of the Dalai Lama, Sangay said the institution of the Dalai Lama would not end but continue after the eventual passing of the 14th Dalai Lama. Edited excerpts from an interview.
The “Middle path” (autonomy for Tibet rather than independence) that the Dalai Lama and you have been advocating seems to be yielding no returns. Is there a chance of a rethink on this?
No. I think, if China grows strong and it’s growing stronger, China needs to think. If they really want to be respected in the international community, you have to earn that respect. And with all the money and military power you cannot buy or force respect, you have to earn it by demonstrating an action and solving the issue of Tibet will earn that respect for them. There is an argument on the Chinese side that if you are weak and you give concession, others will take advantage. Now they are strong. If they give concessions, they will be giving concession from the space of strength.
US president-elect Donald Trump recently said the new administration does not need to be bound by the One China policy. The context was with reference to Taiwan. But does this give you hope as well?
That was a very bold commentary coming from president-elect Donald Trump. We do think that boldness with substance is the right approach with the Chinese government. It looks now that his team has done research on Taiwan, that what he said was deliberate, after substantive research. Similarly, we would appreciate if he would also do something similar for Tibetan people. US presidents George W Bush and Barrack Obama have met his Holiness the Dalai Lama four times each. We remain hopeful that Donald Trump will support the Middle Way approach and meet His Holiness and strongly encourage that the envoys of His Holiness meet with Chinese envoys to resolve this issue of Tibet peacefully.
There have been no talks between the Tibetan envoys and China for six years now. What is it that you think will give an impetus to restart dialogue?
The Trump administration, the European Union, India, Japan, Australia—all governments must have a coordinated effort to press the Chinese government to solve the issue of Tibet peacefully. It should be a coordinated effort and consistent effort.
You were invited to Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s swearing in ceremony (in May 2014). That was seen as a message to China. But then, the Modi government seemed to be making efforts to build a relationship with China. Now, irritants in the relationship have surfaced—China’s objections to India’s Nuclear Suppliers Group (NSG) membership being one. We now see clearance for His Holiness to visit Arunachal Pradesh in 2017. Do you see a consistent policy towards Tibet from the Indian government?
Recently, President of India, Pranab Mukherjee hosted the Dalai Lama. This is a bold gesture from the government of India which we really appreciate. The Indian government is formulating its policy towards China which is showing all the right trends. India has done the most for Tibet. The largest number of Tibetans are in India. The Tibetan government in exile is based in India. I can’t think of any other place where this could be based. But we always request and appeal that Tibet be treated as one of the core issues (of India with China). China already does that. India has the moral high ground to speak for Tibet.
His Holiness has said the institution of the Dalai Lama might end with him because of fears that the Chinese government will foist its own Dalai Lama onto the Tibetan people. At the same time, he has also said that the next Dalai Lama could be born outside Tibet—among the populations in exile. How do you see the future?
The institution of the Dalai Lama will not end. He is the 14th Dalai Lama. For 14 times the Tibetan people have asked him to come back and we will ask him again for the 15th time. When Tibetans asked him to come for 14 times, we had an independent country. Now when we are in exile and we are leading this freedom struggle, all the more reason that we have to ask him to come back. So he will come back.

2016 Central Tibetan Administration

Inserted from <http://tibet.net/2016/12/hopeful-of-an-early-meeting-between-trump-dalai-lama-lobsang-sangay/

On bhavanajagat.com

LIFE AND DEATH – KNOWLEDGE IN ACTION

LIFE AND DEATH – KNOWLEDGE IN ACTION

Life and Death, Creation and Dissolution demand performance of guided, sequential, goal-oriented, purposive actions that involve application of Knowledge. Life and Death demand State of Knowing, Fact of Knowing, and Condition of Knowing Range of Information.

Cells are building blocks of Life. In the context of study of Human Life, all Cells of Man are derived from a previously existing Fertilized Egg Cell that is essentially made up of three parts, 1. Cytoplasm, 2. Nucleus, and 3. Plasma Membrane.

**LIFE AND DEATH – KNOWLEDGE IN ACTION. MEMBRANE PERFORMS SEVERAL COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS TO ESTABLISH LIVING CELL AS AN INDEPENDENT, INDIVIDUAL ENTITY.**

Cells perform a variety of functions to make, repair, or degrade Molecules of Life. Not all of the Information is derived from Nucleus which stores ‘genetic information’ in structures called Chromosomes. Apart from ‘Genetic Inheritance’, Life demands ‘Maternal Inheritance’ or Cytoplasmic Inheritance which includes various Cytoplasmic Organelles, and Membrane System which enables Cell to perform its activities by creating isolated compartments within the Cell. Plasma Membrane and Membrane System of Cell perform several Cognitive Functions to establish Living Cell as an Independent, Individual Entity.

**LIFE AND DEATH – KNOWLEDGE IN ACTION. COGNITIVE ABILITY OF MEMBRANE. STRUCTURE OF MITOCHONDRION.**

I ask my readers to give attention to ‘COGNITIVE’ abilities of Cell Membrane, the part of Cytoplasm which not only acts as Physical Barrier to segregate Cell Activity but also ‘Knows’ or recognizes specific Molecules to allow, to regulate, or to facilitate their entry or exit. For example, Membrane of Mitochondria has ‘Cognitive’ ability to recognize thousands of varied peptide molecules they routinely process to perform metabolic functions.

Like all other Cellular functions and activities, the process described as “AUTOPHAGY” represents Cognitive Ability of Cell Membrane System.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

YOSHINORI OHSUMI WINS NOBEL PRIZE FOR MEDICAL RESEARCH ON CELLS

**LIFE AND DEATH – KNOWLEDGE IN ACTION. 2016 NOBEL PRIZE IN PHYSIOLOGY OR MEDICINE.**

Monday, October 03, 2016

By Sheena McKenzie, CNN

**LIFE AND DEATH – KNOWLEDGE IN ACTION. DR. YOSHINORI OHSUMI.**

[Japanese scientist Yoshinori Ohsumi pictured at the Tokyo Institute of Technology campus in Yokohama]

(CNN)The first of this year’s Nobel Prizes has been revealed, kicking off with the award for Physiology or Medicine.

Biologist Yoshinori Ohsumi, of the Tokyo Institute of Technology, was awarded the medicine prize for his discoveries in autophagy — the process whereby a cell recycles part of its own contents.

Scientists had been aware of autophagy since around the 1960s, but knew little about how it worked — until Ohsumi’s pioneering experiments with baker’s yeast in the 1990s.

It’s important because autophagy can eliminate invading intracellular bacteria, and disrupted autophagy has been linked to Parkinson’s disease, type 2 diabetes and other disorders that particularly affect the elderly.

What does autophagy mean?

The term “autophagy” can be translated as “self-eating,” and was first coined by scientists studying cell behavior in the 1960s.

At the time, researchers found a cell could destroy part of its own contents by transporting it to another compartment — called the lysosome — for degradation.

But as Nobel Committee member Juleen Zierath explained, Ohsumi showed that the lysosome “wasn’t a waste dump — it was a recycling plant.”

The Nobel Prize winner’s experiments in the 1990s used baker’s yeast to identify genes essential for autophagy.

“He then went on to elucidate the underlying mechanisms for autophagy in yeast, and showed that similar sophisticated machinery is used in our cells,” explained the Nobel Foundation in a statement.

What does it mean for us?

“Thanks to Ohsumi and others following in his footsteps, we now know that autophagy controls important physiological functions where cellular components need to be degraded and recycled,” it said.

“Autophagy can rapidly provide fuel for energy and building blocks for renewal of cellular components, and is therefore essential for the cellular response to starvation and other types of stress. After infection, autophagy can eliminate invading intracellular bacteria and viruses.”

“The foundation also explains that disrupted autophagy has been linked to Parkinson’s disease, type 2 diabetes and other disorders that appear in the elderly.

“Mutations in autophagy genes can cause genetic disease. Disturbances in the autophagic machinery have also been linked to cancer. Intense research is now ongoing to develop drugs that can target autophagy in various diseases.

From the vault

In 2015, the prize was divided — one half jointly going to Ireland’s William C. Campbell and Japan’s Satoshi Omura for “their discoveries concerning a novel therapy against infections caused by roundworm parasites.”

And the other half awarded to China’s Youyou Tu for “her discoveries concerning a novel therapy against Malaria.”

Back in 2012 Britain’s John B. Gurdon and Japan’s Shinya Yamanaka won the prize for discovering that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become immature cells capable of developing into all tissues of the body.

“Since the method we’ve developed doesn’t require embryos, it could technically allow anybody with a slight knowledge of chemistry to transform skin cells, and even possibly down the road produce a human being from skin cells,” said Yamanaka at the time.

**Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. 2016 Nobel Prize in Medicine. Dr. Yoshinori Ohsumi, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan.**

**Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. Autophagosome represents Creative Mechanism to regulate Living and Dying Functions to accomplish Specific Purpose.**

**Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. Cell Functions Shape Living Experience.**

**Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. Mechanisms of Autophagy.**

**Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. Cellular Events involve Act of Knowing.**

life and death knowledge in action autophagy — **Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. Autophagy, complex guided event.**

**Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. Membrane has crucial role in Cellular Functions because of its Cognitive Ability.**

**Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. Molecular Mechanisms of Autophagy provide better understanding of Life, Disease, and Death.**

**Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. Autophagy – Cellular Mechanisms.**

**Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. Cell Membrane creates Cell Compartments to isolate Cellular Events.**

**Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. Autophagy Deregulation and Neurodegenerative Disease – Parkinson’s Disease(PD).**

**Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. Autophagy Receptors and Adaptors.**

**Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. Cell Death and Autophagy.**

**Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. Autophagy and Pathogenesis. Factors involved in causing Disease or Dysfunction.**

**Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. Autophagy Mechanism.**

**Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. Selective Autophagy.**

**Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. Selective and Non-Selective Autophagy.**

Life and Death – Knowledge in Action. Cell Membrane imposes Physical Barrier between Cell and its immediate External Environment. In addition, Cell Membrane creates numerous Compartments to segregate or isolate Chemical Reactions and Events within the Cell. Membrane has remarkable Cognitive Abilities.

TIBET OCCUPATION- UNFORGOTTEN MEMORY-GREATEST CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY

TIBET OCCUPATION – UNFORGOTTEN MEMORY – GREATEST CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY

... 书奖）（Forbidden Memory:Tibet During the Cultural Revolution

Tibet Occupation – Unforgotten Memory – Greatest Crime Against Humanity. Thank You Tsering Woeser.

Evil Red Empire’s Tibet Occupation ranks as World History’s Worst Crime Against Humanity. I seek the appointment of an International War Crimes Tribunal to fully investigate Red China’s Tibet Occupation and the atrocities of ‘Cultural Revolution’ as Crimes Against Humanity. I warmly appreciate Ms. Tsering Woeser’s efforts to expose these Crimes.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada

Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

THE NEW YORK TIMES

The Cultural Revolution in Tibet: A Photographic Record

SINOSPHERE

By LUO SILING OCT. 3, 2016

Tibet Occupation – Unforgotten Memory – World History’s Worst Crime Against Humanity.

Tsering Woeser’s father, an officer in the People’s Liberation Army in Lhasa when the Cultural Revolution broke out in 1966, photographed many public attacks on Tibet’s old ruling class and religious leaders. Here, a Buddhist nun wears a sign labeling her as a counterrevolutionary. Credit Tsering Dorje

In 1999, the Tibetan writer Tsering Woeser came across Wang Lixiong’s book “Sky Burial: The Fate of Tibet.” On finishing it, she sent Mr. Wang photographs taken by her father, who was with the People’s Liberation Army when it entered Tibet in the 1950s and documented the early years of the Cultural Revolution in Lhasa in the 1960s. Mr. Wang wrote back, saying, “It’s not for me, as a non-Tibetan, to use these photos to reveal history. That task can only be yours.”

Ms. Woeser began tracking down and interviewing people who appeared in the photos. This resulted in two books published by Locus in Taiwan in 2006: “Forbidden Memory: Tibet During the Cultural Revolution,” based on her father’s photographs, and “Tibet Remembered,” an oral history narrated by 23 people who appear in them. Meanwhile, Ms. Woeser had begun taking her own photos, using her father’s camera, of the places he photographed. Many were included in a new edition of “Forbidden Memory,” published this year on the 50th anniversary of the start the Cultural Revolution.

Tibet Occupation – Unforgotten Memory – World History’s Worst Crime Against Humanity. Tsering Dorje before the Potala Palace in 1969.

Tsering Dorje standing before the Potala Palace in Lhasa in 1969, in a photograph provided by his daughter, Tsering Woeser.

Ms. Woeser was born in Lhasa in 1966 to a Tibetan mother and her father, Tsering Dorje, who was half Tibetan and half Han, the dominant ethnicity in China. But in 1970, her father, who had served as deputy commander of the Lhasa military district, was transferred to Sichuan Province. It wasn’t until 1990 that Ms. Woeser returned to Lhasa, where she became editor of the journal “Tibetan Literature.” In 2003, she published “Notes on Tibet,” a collection of essays and short stories that was soon banned by the Chinese government. She is now a freelance writer and poet based in Beijing with Mr. Wang, whom she married in 2004. In an interview, she discussed what she learned from her father’s photographs of Tibet’s experience of the Cultural Revolution.

How did your father manage to take these photos?

In 1950, Mao Zedong ordered the People’s Liberation Army into Tibet, and on the way it passed through my father’s hometown, Derge, which is in the present-day Garze Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in Sichuan. At the time my father, who was only 13, was sent away by his Han father to enlist in the P.L.A. His mother was a local Tibetan. During the Cultural Revolution, my father served as an officer in the political department of the Tibet Military District. I suppose he was able to take photos because of his privileges as a P.L.A. officer.

It’s curious, however, that for all the photos that my father took, he was able to keep the photos and negatives. This certainly could not have happened if the army had assigned him to take the photos. This indicates that my father’s activity was not commissioned by the military.

Tibet Occupation – Unforgotten Memory – World History’s Worst Crime Against Humanity

On Aug. 24, 1966, in Lhasa, Buddhist scriptures were burned as part of the campaign against the “Four Olds” – old customs, old culture, old habits, old ideas. Credit Tsering Dorje

Very few people had cameras then, and even fewer had the chance to take photos of public events. There were several media agencies active in Tibet then. They produced lots of documentaries, photos and reports. And yet in the newspapers and posters from then you can’t find any photos of ruined temples or “struggle sessions” against “counterrevolutionary monsters and demons.” I’ve looked at all the issues of Tibet Daily from 1966 to 1970 but can find no such photos.

What do your father’s photos show?

Mostly mass meetings and “incidents.” By mass meetings I mean large-scale gatherings such as the celebration by tens of thousands of Chairman Mao’s launching of the Cultural Revolution. Incidents include the destruction of temples and struggles against “monsters and demons.” The photos contain many identifiable figures including the Communist leaders of Tibet, the founder of the Tibetan Red Guards, individual Red Guards, as well as nobles, clergy and officials of the old Tibet society who were targeted in “struggle sessions.” In my investigations most of my efforts were focused on these people, because it’s through them that the photos have their greatest value. Over six years, I interviewed about 70 people in the photos.

How do your photographs and your father’s, taken in the same locations, differ?

In 1966 and 1967, my father took photos of mass meetings and rallies of Red Guards and the P.L.A. in front of the Potala Palace. In 2012, when I went to the same place to take photos, two self-immolations by Tibetans had taken place in Lhasa that May. As a result, the government tightened its policy of ethnic segregation and took more security measures against Tibetans, especially those from outside Lhasa. The measures were first implemented in March 2008, when protests broke out across the Tibetan region, and became more severe in 2012. As I took my photos, I noticed a curious phenomenon: the palace square was filled with men in black. They had umbrellas on their backs, which they would use to block people from taking pictures if an incident broke out. They lined up in rows and monitored the people passing by. They prohibited anyone from sitting in the square.

The Cultural Revolution in Tibet: A Photographic Record - The New York ...

Tibet Occupation – Unforgotten Memory – World History’s Worst Crime Against Humanity. Tsering Woeser in Lhasa with her father’s camera.

Tsering Woeser, with her father’s camera, in Lhasa in 2013. Credit Pazu Kong

Another example: In 2014, I was standing where my father had taken photos in front of the Jokhang Temple. What did he see back then? Red Guards trying to hang Chairman Mao’s portrait on the roof of the temple, where the Chinese flag was also planted. Though I didn’t see any Mao portraits there, the flag was waving in the same place. Also, there were quite a few believers kneeling and praying, as well as a crowd of tourists fascinated by their actions. On the roof of a house diagonally across from the temple there were sharpshooters from the armed police. Ever since 2008, sharpshooters have been deployed on the roofs of buildings around the temple.

Comparing today with the Cultural Revolution, there were no believers kneeling back then, and the temple was ruined, while today the temple offers a bustling scene where believers may freely worship. But these are only superficial differences. Religious worship is still strictly controlled. Furthermore, there is now commercialized tourism, with gawking tourists who treat Tibetans like exotic decorations and Lhasa as a theme park.

Who was the founder of the Lhasa Red Guards?

Tao Changsong, born in Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province. In 1960, he graduated from East China Normal University and volunteered to move to Tibet, where he became a teacher of Chinese at Lhasa Middle School. During the Cultural Revolution he was the main force behind the creation of the Lhasa Red Guards, as well as commander of the Lhasa Revolutionary Rebels Headquarters. When the Revolutionary Committee of the Tibet Autonomous Region was formed, he became its deputy director, a position equivalent to vice chairman of the Tibet Autonomous Region today. He also went to Beijing many times and met with Zhou Enlai, Jiang Qing and other key members of the Central Revolutionary Committee. In 2001, I interviewed him twice. I didn’t show him my father’s photos, assuming he might not tell me the story if he saw them, since he appears in one. It shows him at the Dalai Lama’s summer palace, the Norbulingka, leading a team of Red Guards hanging up a poster on which is written “People’s Park.”

Tibet Occupation – Unforgotten Memory – World History’s Worst Crime Against Humanity.

A public rally in Lhasa to force “monsters and demons” to confess their failings. Credit Tsering Dorje

There were two “rebel factions” in Lhasa during the Cultural Revolution. One was the Revolutionary Rebels Headquarters. The other was the Great Alliance of Proletarian Revolutionaries Command, or Great Alliance Command for short. The two fought each other for power. In the later period of the Cultural Revolution, the Headquarters faction lost ground, while the other faction achieved total control, and retained it even after the Cultural Revolution [which ended in 1976]. Headquarters members were purged from the party. Tao Changsong was investigated on suspicion of belonging to the “three types of people” – “people who followed the Lin Biao-Jiang Qing counterrevolutionary faction,” “people with a strong factionalist bent” and “people who engaged in looting and robbery.” After the mid-1980s, he worked at the Tibetan Academy of Social Sciences and served as assistant editor of the journal “Tibet Studies” and as deputy director of the Modern Tibetan Research Institute. Now he’s retired and lives in Chengdu and Lhasa, where he is in good standing with the government.

Mr. Tao is a lively talker with a sharp memory. He also showed his cautious side when he began having difficulty answering my questions about the Red Guards’ campaign against the “Four Olds” at the Jokhang Temple. The statement in his account that left the deepest impression on me concerned the P.L.A.’s crackdown on “second rebels” [Tibetans who revolted in 1969]. He said: “The Tibetans are too simple-minded. If you execute them they say, ‘Thank you.’ If you give them 200 renminbi they also say, ‘Thank you.’ “

Tibet was an exception to the general practice of purging the “three types of people” after the Cultural Revolution. In Tibet there were few purges of that kind. When Hu Yaobang came to Lhasa in 1980, he put an end to the purging of the “three types.” Why? Because there were many Tibetans among them. Hu thought if you purged them, the party wouldn’t be able to find reliable agents among local Tibetans. So the party couldn’t purge them. And some of them not only were shielded from purges but even received promotions. As a result, the people who rose in power during the Cultural Revolution still dominate Tibet, whether Tibetan or Han.

Tibet Occupation – Unforgotten Memory – World History’s Worst Crime Against Humanity.

Two Red Guards in Lhasa in 1966. Credit Tsering Dorje

Tell us about the people in the photographs who were victims of the struggle sessions.

There were about 40 of them. They belonged to a variety of professions in the old Tibet: monks, officials, merchants, physicians, officers, estate overlords and so on. The settings included struggle sessions at mass assemblies, in the streets and at local neighborhood committees that methodically conducted their sessions by turns. The time frame was from August to September 1966. After that, the division between the factions led each to conduct its own separate struggle sessions. The people attacked in these sessions were incorporated into the “monsters and demons” unit, where they were ordered to attend long-term labor and study sessions at their assigned neighborhood committee.

What’s most interesting about these victims is that most were members of the upper class whom the Communist Party from the 1950s to the eve of the Cultural Revolution had designated as “targets to be won over.” And since they did not follow the Dalai Lama and flee the country during the 1959 uprising, the party rewarded them with many privileges. In other words, they were partners of the party. One of them, a monk, even served as an informant for the military.

But after the Cultural Revolution began they were labeled “monsters and demons” and suffered humiliating attacks. In the end they were overtaken by madness, illness and death. Some died during the Cultural Revolution, others afterward. Most of the victims died. Of the few who survived, some went abroad. Some, however, remained in Tibet, where they took up the party’s offer and joined the system to regain their high status. Today these people are found in the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference, the National People’s Congress and the Buddhist Association, where they fulfill ceremonial functions needed by the party.

Tibet Occupation – Unforgotten Memory – World History’s Worst Crime Against Humanity.

A National Day celebration on Oct. 1, 1966, in Lhasa marking the anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China. Credit Tsering Dorje

Given the fate of most of the victims, the people I interviewed were mostly their relatives, or in some cases the disciples of victimized monks. They told me so many stories.

Such as?

Tibet Occupation – Unforgotten Memory – World History’s Worst Crime Against Humanity.

Sampho Tsewang Rinzin, from one of the most renowned noble families in Tibet. Sampho began working with the Party in the 1950s and benefited from that. But he was cruelly struggled against during the Cultural Revolution, as you can see in the photos. The Red Guards who were beating him made him wear the uniform of a Senior Minister in the Tibetan Government, which as much as it made him look splendid, brought him so much humiliation and stripped him of all dignity, so that in the end he was sobbing in front of everyone. He died soon after this.
Then there was the “female living Buddha” – an erroneous term; we call them rinpoche – Samding Dorje Phagmo Dechen Chodron. Historically there have been very few female living Buddhas in Tibet. She was the most famous. In 1959 she followed the Dalai Lama and escaped to India. But she was persuaded by party cadres to return to Tibet and was held up as a patriot who had “resolved to shun the darkness and embrace the light.” She even met with Mao. After the Cultural Revolution started she was labeled a “monster and demon” and humiliated at struggle sessions.

The Female Living Buddha and her parents were

Tibet Occupation – Unforgotten Memory – World History’s Worst Crime Against Humanity.

Ngawang Gelek, a member of the Little Red Guards, which replaced the Young Pioneers children’s organization during the Cultural Revolution, at a rally in Lhasa. He later became a militia commander and eventually a devout Buddhist. Credit Tsering Dorje.

In the photo where she is shown being beaten, she was only 24. She was weak then, because she had recently given birth to her third child. Her husband was the son of the great Lhasa nobleman Kashopa. The couple eventually divorced. It was her ex-husband who told me about her experiences as well as those of her parents after I showed him the photos.

Today, Dorje Phagmo is vice chairwoman of the Tibetan Autonomous Region and a member of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference Standing Committee. She often appears on television attending various conferences.

Did you interview the Red Guards in the photos?

In one of my father’s photos there is a female activist, a quite vicious one during the Cultural Revolution. She once led a team to ransack a house where she not only seized the owner’s property but set fire to manuscripts bequeathed to the owner by the great Tibetan scholar Gendun Choephel. A Tibetan scholar called this a major crime against Tibetan history and culture. Later this woman became party secretary at the Wabaling neighborhood committee. When I found her there, she looked quite insignificant. As soon as I brought up the Cultural Revolution, her facial expression immediately changed. She refused to give an interview or let me take her photo.

There was also a former monk I interviewed who had smashed Buddhist stupas and burned scriptures during the Cultural Revolution. Afterward, he volunteered to be a janitor at the Jokhang Temple and worked there for 17 years. He told me: “If it weren’t for the Cultural Revolution, I think I would have lived my entire life as a good monk. I would have worn monk’s robes. The temples would still be there. Inside the temples I would have devotedly read scriptures. But the Cultural Revolution came. The robes could no longer be worn. Though I have never looked for a woman or abandoned monastic life, I am not fit to wear the robes again. This is the most painful thing in my life.”

Follow Luo Siling on Twitter @luosiling.

This article was adapted from a three-part interview in the Chinese-language site of The New York Times.

Cultural Revolution and its effects: Tsaparang, LhakangMarpo / Lhasa ...

Tibet Occupation – Unforgotten Memory – World History’s Worst Crime Against Humanity.

TIBET OCCUPATION – UNFORGOTTEN MEMORY – WORLD HISTORY’S WORST CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY. AUTHOR OF FORBIDDEN MEMORY – CULTURAL REVOLUTION IN TIBET Ms. TSERING WOESER.

... titled 'Revisiting the cultural revolution in Tibet' held [Video

TIBET OCCUPATION – UNFORGOTTEN MEMORY – WORLD HISTORY’S WORST CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY

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TIBET OCCUPATION – UNFORGOTTEN MEMORY – WORLD HISTORY’S WORST CRIME AGAINST HUMANITY

The Female Living Buddha and her parents were “criticised and struggled against”.

BEIJNG DOOMED – DALAI LAMA VISITS MONGOLIA

BEIJING DOOMED – DALAI LAMA VISITS MONGOLIA

BEIJING DOOMED – 14th Dalai Lama Visits Mongolia.

BEIJING DOOMED – 14th DALAI LAMA VISITS MONGOLIA, 19th & 20th NOVEMBER, 2016.

Beijing Doomed – 14th Dalai Lama Visits Mongolia.

BEIJING DOOMED – OCEAN OF WISDOM TEACHES IN MONGOLIA

In 1574, Mongol Emperor Altan Khan offered Sonam Gyatso the title of ‘Dalai Lama’ which literally means Ocean of Wisdom. Thus Sonam Gyatso became the Third Dalai Lama as the title was applied posthumously to two Lamas whom he represented as reincarnation. In 1588, the Third Dalai Lama died while teaching in Mongolia. The Great Fifth Dalai Lama founded the Ganden Phodrang Government of Tibet in 1642. The successive Dalai Lamas have headed the Tibetan State for nearly four centuries.

His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama’s visit to Mongolia is very significant as it attests historical connections between Tibet and Mongolia.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada

Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

[Central Tibetan Administration]<http://tibet.net/>

His Holiness the Dalai Lama Visits Gandan Tegchenling Monastery in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia

November 20, 2016

By Staff Writer

Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, 19 November 2016 – His Holiness the Dalai Lama left Japan for Mongolia late yesterday morning. As the plane descended through the clouds over Ulaanbaatar, a white blanket of snow covered the land as far as the eye could see.

[His Holiness the Dalai Lama arriving at the airport in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia on November 18, 2016. Photo/Tenzin Taklha/OHHDL]<http://tibet.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/2016-11-19-Mongolia-N01-PB180009.jpg>

His Holiness was greeted at the door of the plane by Khambo Lama Choi Gyamtso with other senior Mongolian lamas, a representative of the Indian Embassy, and Representative Telo Tulku from Moscow.

A large number of monks awaited His Holiness in the arrival hall and he spent a few minutes talking to dignitaries who had come to receive him. He gave a brief interview to Mongolian National Television. Expressing happiness at being able to visit Mongolia once again, he said he was looking forward to giving Buddhist teachings, visiting Gandan Tegchenling Monastery and interacting with members of the younger generation over the next four days.

This morning, a short drive through Ulaanbaatar brought His Holiness to Gandan Tegchenling Monastery. After first paying his respects in the Vajradhara Temple, he took his seat in the Gandan Assembly Hall. Khambo Lama Choi Gyamtso offered the mandala and three representations of the body, speech and mind of enlightenment on behalf of the entire congregation. Following prayers and a tsok offering, His Holiness gave the oral transmission of his ‘Praise to the Seventeen Masters of Nalanda’.

Lunch, offered in His Holiness’s honour by Gandan Tegchenling Monastery, was served in a traditional Mongolian yurt.

[His Holiness the Dalai Lama speaking at Yiga Choeling Dratsang in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia on November 19, 2016. Photo/Tenzin Taklha/OHHDL]<http://tibet.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/2016-11-19-Mongolia-N02-MG_5266.jpg>

In the afternoon, several thousand people braved extremely cold weather to greet His Holiness in front of the Avalokiteshvara Temple. He briefly told them too how happy he was to be in Mongolia again. He urged the crowd not only to perform rituals and prayers, but also to study what Buddhist teachings mean. He promised to explain how to do this during teachings he is scheduled to give tomorrow.

More than 1000 monks packed into the Yiga Choeling Dratsang to listen to His Holiness. He explained to them how he has been holding discussions with modern scientists for more than 30 years, focussing primarily on four fields-cosmology, neurobiology, physics, especially quantum physics, and psychology. Since both sides have learned a great deal from each other, their dialogue has been richly and mutually beneficial.

“I first started talking to scientists out of simple curiosity. But as our conversations developed, I realized that there were some things they knew about that we could usefully learn about in our monastic institutions. Consequently, we have introduced the study of some aspects of science into the curriculums of several of our major monastic universities in India.”

[Some of the over 1000 monks listening to His Holiness the Dalai Lama at Yiga Choeling Dratsang in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia on November 19, 2016. Photo/Igor Yanchoglov]<http://tibet.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/11/2016-11-19-Mongolia-N05-IMG_2882.jpg>

His Holiness also stressed the importance of studying the classic texts composed by Nalanda masters.

“It is not enough just to have simple faith, as many people in the past have done. It is essential that our faith is based on knowledge and reason. This is why these days I advise Tibetans to be 21st century Buddhists, which means following Buddhist teachings on the basis of sound understanding. It’s also important to be able to sustain faith and religious tradition in the light of modern knowledge. So, I advise you Mongolians to be 21st century Buddhists too.”

His Holiness answered several questions from the audience before returning to the Guest House where he is staying. Tomorrow, he will teach Je Tsongkhapa’s ‘In Praise of Dependent Arising’ and ‘Three Principal Aspects of the Path’ and give a permission of Je Rinpoche in conjunction with the Deities of the Three Families.

... Yiga Choeling Dratsang in Ulannbaatar, Mongolia on November 18, 2016

Beijing Doomed – 14th Dalai Lama Visits Mongolia.

Arrival in Mongolia and Visit to Gandan Tegchenling Monastery

Beijing Doomed – Dalai Lama Visits Mongolia.

temple of Gandantegchenlin monastery in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia ...

Beijing Doomed – 14th Dalai Lama in Beijing.

the Dalai Lama at the Janraiseg temple of Gandantegchenlin monastery ...

Beijing Doomed – Dalai Lama Visits Mongolia.

The 10 Most Beautiful Stops on the Trans-Siberian Railway

ULAN-UDE, RUSSIA. IVOLGINSKY DATSAN MONASTERY. SINCE 1992, DALAI LAMA PAID FIVE VISITS TO THIS MONASTERY.On theculturetrip.com

2016 Central Tibetan Administration

Inserted from <http://tibet.net/2016/11/his-holiness-the-dalai-lama-visits-gandan-tegchenling-monastery-in-ulaanbaatar-mongolia/>

WHAT IS MAN? – MAN IS LIVING THING

WHAT IS MAN? – MAN IS LIVING THING

Vitruvian-Man-Spiritualism and Knowledge of Human Nature — **What is Man? – Man is Living Thing. The Vitruvian Man( c. 1492 ) by Leonardo da Vinci. Man is composite of two Principles; 1. Form, and 2. Matter.**

What is Man? The motivation for asking this question comes from a statement expressed in Sanskrit language, ‘Sarvesham Svastir Bhavatu’ which seeks the well-being of all human beings of all races, of all nations, of all cultures, and of all religions.

**WHAT IS MAN? MAN IS LIVING THING AND IS COMPOSITE OF TWO PRINCIPLES, 1. FORM, AND 2. MATTER.**

The term Altruism describes unselfish concern for the welfare of others. It involves Human Behavior and Action that appear to favor another Individual’s chances of Survival and Reproduction. The thought expressed in Sanskrit Language reveals Human Nature.

Our efforts to support the well-being of Man would be affected by our understanding the ‘real’ or ‘true’ nature of Man. All religious and cultural traditions make assumptions about Human Nature. The basic assumption about Human Nature is that of finding it displayed in Feelings, Thoughts, Action, and Behavior.If Man is viewed as Multicellular organism, we need to discover Human nature of this Subject who lives because of functions performed by trillions of cells. Hence, we need to know if Human Nature is displayed in the functional characteristics that are observable in interactions of cells that constitute Human Organism.

The objective of this Blog Post is to explore Universal Principles that determine Human Nature. Unlike Human Cultures and Religions that define Human Nature reflected in Man’s Thoughts, Feelings, Moods, Action, and Behavior, I discover Human Nature by describing the characteristics of Functional Behavior exhibited by cells, the Building Blocks of Man.

THE STUDY OF MAN AS A LIVING THING :

Aristotle-Spiritualism and the knowledge of human nature — What is Man? Man is Living Thing. Greek philosopher and the founder of Biology Aristotle(384 – 322 B.C.). Science investigates Being as Being and the Attributes which belong to Being in virtue of its own Nature.

Greek philosopher and the founder of Biology, Aristotle( 384 – 322 B.C. ) claims that Science investigates Being as Being and the Attributes which belong to Being in virtue of its Nature. For a Thing to come into Being, Aristotle describes Four Kinds of Causes; 1. Efficient Cause, 2. Formal Cause, 3. Material Cause, and 4. Final Cause, the end or Purpose for which a Thing exists.

Aristotle describes Living Things are composite of two Principles; 1. Form, and 2. Matter. Matter and Form are the Material and the Formal Cause respectively of what comes to be known as a Thing. Matter represents Potentiality of the Living Corporeal Substance and Form represents Actuality of the Living Thing. The structure and the behavior of things contribute to their individual being and function. Aristotle did not regard the Body and Soul as two separate entities as the Soul is merely a set of defining features.

I would like to proceed with my presentation keeping the basic criteria that Aristotle would use to know Human Nature, 1. Form, 2. Matter, 3. the Human Living Thing, its nature being function of its structure and its behavior. In case of Man, the Form undergoes changes during every stage of its existence such as infancy, boyhood, youth, adult, and old age. The Living Matter or Protoplasm continues to live without any apparent changes in its fundamental living properties. The biological functions or the Chemical Composition of Living Matter or Protoplasm does not evolve or change because of its survival value for the species. The living functions such as consciousness, responsiveness, recognition, communication through signalling, motion, and nutrition are innate properties of the living substance or protoplasm and are not acquired by a learning process. This innate ability of protoplasm to perform functions helps in development of instinctive behavior that is observed in the organism. It is not surprising to observe that certain important features of human nature are innate rather than learned from experience. There are several factors involved in development of human nature and in formation of individual character. We need to recognize the contrast between the innate and the learned, heredity and environment, nature and nurture or social upbringing. The biological properties such as Motion, and Nutrition, the biological characteristics such as consciousness or awareness of its own condition called existence in a given environment, and the biological nature such as responsiveness, communication, and recognition of other living cells present in its external environment could account for an instinctive behavior pattern observed in all living organisms. This instinctive behavior pattern accounts for the nature of biotic interactions among members of a given biotic community. To explain human nature, we need to study the character and behavior of man’s corporeal substance or protoplasm and view man as a terrestrial organism represented by a biotic community of trillions of individual living cells and as a natural host to trillions of microbes that inhabit man’s gastrointestinal tract. The terms such as spirit or soul must be used by stating its defining features and we need to understand the connection between the feature and the substance that contributes to that feature of soul or spirit that is seen as the vital, animating principle found in all living things.

THE MECHANIST CONCEPT OF LIFE :

Animal Cell-Spiritualism and the Knowledge of Human Nature — What is Man? Man is Living Thing. There is fundamental distinction between the lifeless and the living, animate and inanimate, living and nonliving matter. The living system cannot maintain its living functions by exclusively using the elementary laws of Physics and Chemistry.

The Mechanist Concept of Life asserts that the phenomena of life are merely processes and transformations obeying elementary laws of Physics and Chemistry. The living system is ultimately reducible to its constituent molecules and atoms. The living cell is a thermodynamically unstable system. This means that without continuous input of energy, a living cell will degrade spontaneously into a nonliving collection of molecules. To maintain life an organism not only repairs or replaces( or both ) its structures by a constant supply of the materials of which it is composed but also keeps its life processes in operation by a steady supply of energy. This functional activity of a living cell is called metabolism. Living systems must be supplied energy for continual synthesis of new organic molecules and to replace, or to repair broken organic molecules. We need to explain this functional ability of a living system to acquire energy from its external environment. This ability is not operated by laws of Physics and Chemistry. For example, in Physics, the force by which every mass or particle of matter including photons attracts and attracted by every other mass or particle is called Gravitation which is the weakest of the four Fundamental Forces operating in nature. A Living System does not use the force of Gravitation to attract a substance to use it for its Metabolism. Physics explains the process of diffusion and operation of Osmosis in which a solvent passes through a semipermeable membrane such as the wall of a living cell, into solution of higher concentration, so as to equalize concentrations on both sides of the membrane( the osmotic pressure gradient ). Osmosis is a relevant biological mechanism but it does not fully account for the energy acquisition by a living cell.

HOW DOES PROTOPLASM ACQUIRE ENERGY?

Cell Membrane-Spiritualism and Knowledge of Human Nature — What is Man? Man is Living Thing. The Biological Membrane or the Plasma Membrane separates Protoplasm of the Cell from its environment. It allows a highly controlled exchange of matter across the barrier it poses.

The functional activity called Metabolism involves a Living System’s continual exchange of some of its materials with its surroundings, principally in the process of building up or destroying its protoplasm. The most striking characteristics of protoplasm are its vital properties of Motion, and Nutrition. Motion is the property of Protoplasm with which it changes shape and position using “intrinsic power” and to exhibit amoeboid movement. Ciliary movement or vibration of hair-like processes from the surface of any cell may also be regarded as a variety of motion with which Protoplasm is endowed. Nutrition is the “power” which protoplasm has of attracting to itself the materials necessary for its growth and maintenance from surrounding matter. When any foreign particle comes in contact with the protoplasmic substance, it becomes incorporated in it, being enwrapped by one or more processes projected from the parent mass which encloses it. When thus taken up, the foreign particle may remain in substance of Protoplasm for some time without change, or may be again extruded. The living substance called protoplasm has the “intrinsic power” of motion and uses its power to ingest and to expel foreign particles in the external environment with which it may come into contact. The Biological Membrane or the Plasma Membrane which separates protoplasm of the cell from its environment allows a highly controlled exchange of matter across the barrier it poses; some compounds are able to pass through the membrane easily, others are completely blocked. The screening effect on the substances that enter and leave the cell is perhaps the most important function of the membrane. The actions and behavior of protoplasmic substance are dependent upon its innate “power” and may not be attributable to elementary laws of Physics and Chemistry.

SPIRITUALITY AND HUMAN NATURE :

Red Blood Cells-Spiritualism and Knowledge of Human Nature — What is Man? Man is Living Thing. Red Blood Cells provide a very good example of the adaptive subordination of cells to meet requirements of the Whole Organism. The specialized functions of tissues and organs of Human Body are possible because of such functional subordination.

The structural differentiation and the functional organization of various organ systems makes man a very complex living organism. This kind of specialized functions of tissues and organs is possible because of adaptive subordination of the cells to the requirements of the Whole Organism. If altruism describes any behavior that appears to favor another individuals’ chances of survival, we can easily recognize this characteristic in the functions performed by the Red Blood Cells. Each Red Blood Cell lives for a very limited life span of its own and during its short period of existence it serves the purpose of the Whole Human Organism with a sense of devotion, with the spirit of cooperation, to provide assistance to all other cells, tissues, and organs of the body in a selfless manner.

I define the term ‘Spiritual’ as the NATURE of a relationship, a partnership, an association, or bonding between two individual living entities based upon characteristics such as compassion, sympathy, understanding, cooperation, mutual assistance, mutual tolerance, voluntary subservience to provide some benefit to the member participating in interactions. Spirituality is Innate and is not Acquired by Learning Experience. The very existence of Man, performing characteristic living functions, depends upon Living Matter, Corporeal Substance called Protoplasm which has Intrinsic or Innate “Power” to acquire Matter and Energy from its external environment.

Man’s Form becomes the actuality that it represents because of its Spiritual association with Protoplasm or Living Matter. Man lives as a Spiritual Being because of the Spiritual Nature of his Corporeal Substance.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada

BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

Science and Spiritualism – Biotic Interactions and Consciousness (bhavanajagat.com)

WHAT IS MAN? WHO IS HARAPPAN MAN?

WHAT IS MAN? WHO IS HARAPPAN MAN?

On pakistaniat.com

On amazingancient.com

I am pleased to share an article published by Srinivasan Kalyanraman that deals with the problem of deciphering Indus Valley Harappa – Mohenjo Daro Script.

Human Language is the peculiar possession of Anatomically Modern Man described as Homo sapiens sapiens.

Who is Harappan Man? What is his Anatomical Identity???

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162 USA
BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

.in/2016/11/on-failed-attempts -at-decipherment-of.html

NOV
13

On the failed attempts at decipherment of Harappa (Indus) Script and outline of a breakthrough Indian Lexicon to read rebus Meluhha hypertexts

Mirror: http://tinyurl.com/zht j4qa

The re-discovery of Vedic River Sarasvati is a major research effort that redefines the ancient history of Bharata. See:Kalyanaraman, S., 2008, Vedic River Sarasvati and Hindu Civilization, New Delhi, Aryan Books International,
ISBN 13: 9788173053658

http://eshakha.pbworks.com/f/V edic_River_Sarasvati_and_Hindu _Civilization.pdf

This book is a compilation of papers presented at a Conference on “Vedic River Sarasvati and Hindu Civilization” held at India International Centre, New Delhi from Oct. 24 to 26, 2008. Participants included scholars from many disciplines including ancient Indian history, archaeology, space imaging, hydrology, meteorology, glaciology, seismology, ice-age geodynamics, sea-level changes, metallurgy and other earth- and life-sciences. The Conference explores the validation of a consensus that the ancient civilization that emerged and prospered on the banks of Vedic River Sarasvati is the precursor to the civilization that is known and exists today as Hindu civilization, establishing a continuum of human society and achievement. As a result of archaeological explorations since 1947, it became clear that over 80% of about 2600 archaeological sites were not on the banks of river Sindhu but on the banks of Vedic River Sarasvati mentioned in Rigveda in 72 rica-s. Underscoring the indigenous evolution of Hindu civilization on this river basin, theories propounded earlier about Aryan invasions/migrations stand negated. Projects are ongoing to revive the river which provides an impetus for establishing a National Water Grid.

This left the unresolved issues of the identity of the Sarasvati people, the language of the civilization, the purport and content of the messages left behind by the people on Harappa (Indus) Script inscriptions. A resolution of these issues is a critical area of research in Proto-Historic studies of the civilization.

Hence, the effort which had commenced in 1978 continued and was brought to fruition by the publication of 16 books until 2016, conclusively establishing the nature, functions and purport of the writing system, decipherment of over 7000 inscriptions mostly on seals and tablets (including 218 copper tablets) and data mining evidencing the contributions made by Bharatam Janam to metallurgical advances of the Tin-Bronze Revolution along the Maritime Tin Route from Hanoi to Haifa, a route which preceded the Silk Road by 2 millennia.

From about 2000 inscriptions recorded in Mahadevan concordance (Mahadevan, Iravatham, 1977, The Indus Script: Texts, concordance and tables, Delhi, Archaeological Survey of India), the corpora have grown to over 7000 inscriptions thanks to the further excavations at Harappa (by Harvard project group called HARP begun in 1986), and reports of explorations/excavations in Kalibangan, Dholavira,Banawali, Bhirrana, Farmana, Binjor, Gola Dhoro (Bagasra), Khirsara, Rakhigarhi, Balakot, Ropar, Ganweriwala. Persian Gulf sites such as Failaka, Bahrain, Salut, have yielded so-called Dilmun seals with Harappa (Indus) Script hieroglyphs. Many cylinder seals and artifacts from Susa, Mari and other sites of Ancient Near East also have yielded Harappa (Indus) Script hieroglyphs as signifiers of metalwork transactions. Three pure tin ingots were found in a shipwreck in Haifa. The ingots had Harappa (Indus) Script signifiers. ranku ‘antelope’ ranku ‘liquid measure’ rebus: ranku ‘tin’ dATu ‘cross’ rebus: dhAtu ‘mineral ore’ mũh ‘face’ Rebus: mũhe ‘ingot’. muhã ‘qua ntity of metal produced at one time in a native smelting furnace.’ This lexeme also explains why the expression mleccha-mukha means ‘copper’ (Samskrtam) corcordant with milakkhu ‘copper’ (Pali). Thus, the corpora have now grown to include over 7000 inscriptions, an adequate database to validate any cryptographic investigation.

Linguistic studies have also advanced beyond identification of Indo-Aryan, Dravidian and Munda (Austro-Asiatic) families in Bharat into the formulation of a Bharata (Indian) sprachbund, which is a linguistic area where language families interacted and absorbed language features from one another. FBJ Kuiper prepared a lexis of Munda words in Vedic and Samskrtam. Emeneau, Colin Masica and Kuiper postulated the Indian sprachbund recognizing the existence of vocables which cannot be explained as mere borrowings but possibly as substratum words of the civilization area. The compilation of Indian Lexicon (comparative dictionary of 25+ ancient languages including the three language families of Vedic, Indo-Aryan, Munda and Dravidian) provided over 8000 semantic clusters evidencing the Indian sprachbund.

The idea of a Linguistic Area is linked with the term sprachbund which was introduced in April 1928 in the 1st Intl. Congress of Linguists by Nikolai Trubetzkoy. He made a distinction between Sprachfamilien and Sprachbunde: the distinction in classifying languages was suggested by Trubetzkoy in order to avoid ‘missverstandnisse und fehler’ (trans. misunderstandings and errors).

The metaphor of a ‘family’ gets expanded to an area of intense cultural contacts among people resulting in the formation of a sprachbund.

What is a sprachbund?

“First, the languages of a Sprachbund show certain similarities in the field of phonetics, morphology, syntax and lexis. Secondly, the languages of a Sprachbund belong to different families. They are neighbouring geographically, as Trubetzkoy has show, using the example of the Balkansprachbund…In contrast to the genetically defined family of languages (genus proximum), the Sprachbund comprises a typologically defined group of geographically neighbouring language whose common features are derived from mutual influences (differentia specifica).” (Schaller, Helmut W, Roman Jakobson’s conception of ‘sprachbund’ in: Cahiers de l’ILSL, No. 9, 1997, p.200, 202). R. Jakobson published in 1931 three articles about the question of Sprachbund. He also noted that the phonological system of Serbo-Croatian is a remnant of proto-slavic languag features.

In Ancient India, Dravidian, Munda and Indo-Aryan languages shared a number of features that were not inherited from a common source, but were areal features, the result of diffusion during sustained contact.(Emeneau, Murray (1956), “India as a Linguistic Area”, Language, 32 (1): 3–16).

The delineation of Indian sprachbund of the Bronze Age is based on the metallurgical vocables and expressions so diffused during sustained contacts along the Maritime Tin Route.

The database lexis of metalwork words and expressions provided by the Indian Lexicon could be matched with Harappa (Indus) Script hieroglyphs and read rebus, following the method used to read Egyptian hieroglyphs.

Cartouches on the palette show name: Narmer

Asko Parpola has demonstrated the rebus method of reading the ancient Harappa (Indus) Script by citing the example of Egyptian hieroglyphs. The Narmer Palette provided a clear rebus rendering of the Emperor’s name by hieroglyphs n’r ‘cuttle fish’ + m’r ‘awl, chisel’ as signifiers of the composition: Nar-mer to pronounce the name of the Emperor. (http://www.thehindu.com/multi media/archive/00133/_A_Dravidi an_Soluti_133901a.pdf)

A good compendium of attempts at decipherment of Harappa (Indus) Script is in the first volume of Gregory Possehl’s magnum opus in 3 volumes. The first volume (1996) is titled Indus Age: The writing system:

Possehl, Gregory L., 1996. Indus Age: the writing system. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; New Delhi: Oxford IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. 29 cm, xiv, 244 pp., 16 pl. Hb ISBN 0-8122-3345-X & 81-204-1083-1.

Possehl, Gregory L., 1999. Indus age: the beginnings. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press; New Delhi: Oxford & IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. 29 cm, xxxvi, 1063 pp., 580 b/w ill. Hb ISBN 0-8122-3417-0. Reviewed: Asko Parpola, The Times Higher Education Supplement, 3 Dec 1999.

Possehl, Gregory L., 2002. The Indus civilization: a contemporary perspective. Walnut Creek, CA: AltaMira Press. 29 cm, xi, 276 pp., ill., maps. Pb ISBN 0-7591-0172-8. Hb ISBN 0-7591-0171-X.

Gregory Possehl’s is the only work which includes a Gazetteer of Sites of the civilization. This Gazetteer is a revelation: about 2000 sites (out of 2600) are NOT sited in Indus river valley but in Sarasvati River Basin.

Gregory Possehl provides a succinct evaluation of the failed attempts at decipherment and recalls the brilliant insights provided by Cyril Gadd who identified Indus Script seals in Ancient Near East and also explained the hieroglyphic nature of a ‘sign’ of the script citing the example of a seal:

Seal impression. Ur. C.J. Gadd, Seals of ancient Indian style found at Ur, Proceedings of the British Academy, XVIII, 1932, pp. 11-12, Plate II, No. 12; Description: water carrier with a skin (or pot?) hung on each end of the yoke across his shoulders and another one below the crook of his left arm; the vessel on the right end of his yoke is over a receptacle for the water; a star on either side of the head (denoting supernatural?). The whole object is enclosed by ‘parenthesis’ marks. The parenthesis is perhaps a way of splitting of the ellipse (Hunter, G.R., JRAS, 1932, 476). An unmistakable example of an ‘hieroglyphic’ seal.

John Marshall also commented on the writing system in his first report.

“The Indus inscriptions resemble the Egyptian hieroglyphs far more than they do the Sumerian linear and cuneiform system. And secondly, the presence of detached accents in the Indus scriptis a feature which distinguishes it from any of these systems.” (Mohenjo-daro and the Indus Civilization, Being an official account of archaeological excavations at Mohenjo-daro carried out by the Government of India between the years 1922 and 1927, in 3 volumes, London, Arthur Probstain, 1931, Vol.1, p.424).

The major reason for the failed decipherments of the past is that the insights of Cyril Gadd and John Marshall were not pursued; the insight was hieroglyphic nature of the Harappa (Indus) Script.

By ignoring the insight, 150+ decipherments (Kalyanaraman, S., 1988, Indus Script, a bibliography, Manila, Philippines) attempted to assign ‘syllabic’ values to the ‘signs’ of the script and almost always ignored the imperative of deciphering the pictorial motifs or field symbols which occupied space on majority of seals and tablets and which constituted hieroglyphic components of the writing system. Some decipherers just wished away the pictorials as ‘totem symbols’ and started with the assumption that the ‘signs’ constituted texts which could represent ‘names or titles’.

It is well-known that the seals and tablets were used in trade transactions. It is also well-known that many seals and tablets could be traced in Ancient Near East (opcit., Gadd, C., Seals of ancient Indian style found at Ur, in: Proceedings of the British Academy, XVIII, 1932).

This meant that the messages of Harappa (Indus) Script had to be explained in the context of trade with neighbouring civilizations. If the messages related to trad, did the seals/tablets record trade transactions? This question was NOT posed and answered in the past decipherments.

The decipherments also failed to note an important feature: that many inscriptions were recorded on metal — on copper plates and on weapons/implements themselves. BM Pande, Inscribed copper tablets from Mohenjo-daro: a preliminary analysis, in: DP Agrawal & A Ghosh eds., Radiocarbon and Indian Archaeology, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay, 1973, pp. 305-322).

Copper plates with inscriptions

Source: Copper plates from Mohenjo-daro: an analysis of 46 tablet groups of 218 copper tablet inscriptions (After Parpola, 1994, fig 7.14)

A list of Inscribed metal tools

Broken axe, Chanhu-daro (C-40) inscribed on both sides.
Ingot. Chanhu-daro (C-39)
Chisel. Kalibangan (K-121). Wt. 210 g.
Parallels broken chisel (tang) Mohenjo-daro (DK-7856). Wt. 165/343 g/
Axe. Kaibangan (K-122). Wt. 476 g.
Parallels axe Mohenjo-daro (DK-7835). Wt. 1910.030 g.
Knife. DK-7800
Spearhead DK-7857
Axe. DK-7855. Wt. 262 g.

(Note: Of the five metal objects from Mohenjo-daro, four were found ‘at the low level 24.4 ft.[ and one (copper knife) was found 18.4 ft. below datum. (Mackay 1938: 454; Vol. II. Pl. CXXVI #2.3 and 5, Pl. CXXVII #1, Pl. CXXXI; Vol. II. Pl. CXXXIII#1).Mackay 1938: Vol. 1, p. 348, Vol. 2, Pl. XC,1; XCVI, 520.

see: Pettersson, JS, 1999, Indian Journal of Historyh of Science, 34(2): 89-108 http://www.new.dli.erne t.in/rawdataupload/upload/insa /INSA_2/20005a61_89.pdf

Chanhu-daro Pl. LXXIV and Mohenjo-daro: copper and bronze tools and utensils (an inscriptions line mirrored on a zebu seal)

Chanhu-daro, Pl. LXXIV & Mohenjo-daro: copper and bronze tools and utensils (an inscription line mirrored on a zebu seal)

This typological analysis of inscriptions on copper plates and on metal implements should have been pursued by decipherers to unravel the messages conveyed.

These are explanations for the failure of the decipherment efforts of the past.

The failure to decipher the copper plate inscriptions ia a major failure given the fact that many early epigraphs of the historical periods of Bharat were on copper plates. The possibility of this tradition of copper plate inscriptions is also evidenced on a Pre-Mauryan copper plate called Sohgaura plate read in Brahmi by John Fleet in 1894. (Fleet, JRAS, 63, 1894 proceedings, 86, plate, IA 25. 262; cf. Sohgaura copper plate/B.M. Barua. The Indian Historical Quarterly, ed. Narendra Nath Law. Reprint. 41).

W.Theobald had pointed out in 1890 and 1901, and described 342 ‘symbols’ on early punch-marked coins. (W. Theobald, 1890, Notes on some of the symbols found on the punch-marked coins of Hindustan, and on their relationship to the archaic symbolism of other races and distant lands, Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, Bombay Branch (JASB), Part 1. History , Literature etc., Nos. III & IV, 1890, pp. 181 to 184) W. Theobald, Symbols on punch-marked coins of Hindustan (1890,1901). This lead was pursued by CL Fabri indicating the parallels with Harappa (Indus) Script hieroglyphs. (Fabri, CL, The punch-marked coins: a survival of the Indus Civilization, 1935, Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland, Cambridge University Press. pp.307-318.)

These leads of Sohgaura copper plate with a top line using Harappa (Indus) Script hieroglyphs and tens of thousands of early coins of Bharat using such hieroglyphs should have been pursued and evaluated in the decipherments The failure to do so explains the failure of the decipherments.

Many pictorial motifs are not merely pictographs but also narratives. For e.g., tablet M478 narrates 1. jungle clearing which should have led to the recognition of a rebus reading of erga ‘ jungle clearing’ with rebus: erako ‘molten cast copper’; 2. a person on a tree branch (spy): heraka ‘spy’ rebus: eraka ‘copper’; 3. tiger looks back; Hieroglyph: Looking back: krammara ‘look back’ (Telugu) kamar ‘smith, artisan’ (Santali); 4. Hieroglyph: tree: kuṭhi ‘tree’ rebus: kuṭhi ‘furnace’ (Santal i).

Mohejodaro, tablet in bas relief (M-478)

m0478B tablet erga = act of clearing jungle (Kui) [Note image showing two men carrying uprooted trees].

eraka, hero = a messenger; a spy (Gujarati) heraka = spy (Skt.); er to look at or for (Pkt.); er uk- to play ‘peeping tom’ (Ko.) Rebus: eraka, arka ‘copper’ (Ka.)

All the 500+ ‘signs’ of Harappa (Indus) Script are also hieroglyphs. Dennys Frenez and Massimo Vidale have demonstrated the orthography of the script as composed of hyper texts by combing hieroglyph elements.

Frenez Dennys, & Massimo Vidale, 2012, Harappan Chimaeras as ‘Symbolic Hypertexts’. Some Thoughts on Plato, Chimaera and the Indus Civilization

t/harappan-chimaeras-%E2%80%98 symbolic-hypertexts%E2%80%99-s ome-thoughts-plato-chimaera-an d-indus-civilization

This demonstrates that each hieroglyph-multiplex is a composition of orthography signifying various creatures and phenomena as components of the hypertext. Reading each component and rebus rendering in Indian sprachbund lexis of metalwork words, results in the decipherment of all 7000+ inscriptions as metalwork catalogues.

The resultant decipherment of metalwork catalogues provides a database of the contributions made by Bharatam Janam, the artisans and artificers in particular to the Tin-Bronze Revolution of the Bronze Age.

This compound Bhāratam Janam is attested by Viśvāmitra in Rigveda:

viśvāmitrasya rakṣati brahmedam bhāratam janam Trans. This mantra of Visvamitra protects the Bharata people. (RV 3.53.1).

The language of Indian sprachbund which provided the metalwork lexis is called Meluhha (cognate Mleccha). The lexis is traceable as spoken forms of words recorded in Indian Lexicon.
d/0B4BAzCi4O_l4MnkyeUwtMFp4QWM /view?usp=drive_web

S. Kalyanaraman, 2016, Harappa Script & Language: Data mining of Corpora, tantra yukti & knowledge discovery of a civilization, Amazon

This is a treatise, a formal and systematic written discourse on knowledge discovery of a civilization in two domains of knowledge 1. Archaeo-metallurgical advances during Bronze Age Revolution; and 2. Invention of a writing system to document, in Meluhha (Harappa) language, technical details of these advances anchored on the imperative of supporting long-distance trade transactions by seafaring artisans and merchants. The objective of the treatise is to unravel the semantics of Dharma samjnA or Bharatiya hieroglyphs using a method of data mining. The method of data mining of Harappa Script Corpora of over 7000 inscriptions is based on the principles of tantra yukti.

S. Kalyanaraman

Sarasvati Research Center
November 13, 2016

S. Kalyanaraman

__,_._,___

WHAT IS MAN?- SPIRITUALITY AND SELF-REALIZATION

WHAT IS MAN? – SPIRITUALITY AND SELF-REALIZATION:

What is Man? I want to respectfully begin this conversation by stating my motivation for asking the question.

WHAT IS MAN? SPIRITUAL BEING AND SELF-REALIZATION. SPIRITUALITY IS NOT LEARNED OR ACQUIRED EXPERIENCE. — **WHAT IS MAN? SPIRITUALITY AND SELF-REALIZATION. SPIRITUALITY IS NOT LEARNED OR ACQUIRED EXPERIENCE.**

The motivation to know Real Man comes from a statement expressed in Sanskrit language: “Sarvesham Swastir Bhavatu” that seeks the well-being of all humans, of all races, of all cultures, of all religions, and of all nations.

The meaning and purpose of human life are affected by whatever we think is the ‘real’, or ‘true’ nature of Man. But, more importantly, our efforts to support the well-being of man would require correct understanding and knowledge of ‘real’, or ‘true’ Man.

Human Cultures and Traditions all over the world venerate people recognized as Prophets and Saints, as people of Spiritual Knowledge. Such Spiritual Masters, Spiritual Teachers, Spiritual Gurus, or Spiritual Guides instruct Man to discover True Self using a process called Self-Realization. This could be defined as complete fulfillment of the Self or full development of one’s ‘real’, or ‘true’ Self without which Man is thought to be incomplete.

I submit to my readers that I do not intend to show any disrespect towards any of these Masters of Spiritual Learning and Teachers of various kinds of Spiritual Practices. I have a basic right to know and understand ‘true’ or ‘real’ Self and I believe such understanding has practical applications to promote and preserve the well-being of all humanity. The reasoning process that I use could be called Applied Philosophy which involves Application of Conceptual Analysis to questions of Belief and Faith which affect what we think about ourselves and what we think we ought to do individually and socially. We need to carefully verify the concepts of Soul, and Spirituality to define Self-Realization.

HUMAN BIRTH IS A DIVINE PHENOMENON:

What is Man? Spirituality and Self-Realization. Lord Krishna, Divine Supreme Being arrived in this Physical, Material World as a Newborn Baby, a Spiritual Being. Man always arrives as a Spiritual Being and Spirituality is not Learned or Acquired Knowledge and Behavior.

Spirituality is the potency that brings Man’s Essence and Man’s Existence to come together to provide Man the Subjective and Objective Reality of his own biological existence in the Physical and Material Realm. Spirituality is the potency that shapes Man’s Existence as a Spiritual Being. Human Birth is a Divine Phenomenon. The Newborn Baby always arrives as a Spiritual Being. This statement has two important implications; 1. There is complete development and fulfillment at birth for Man to exist as a Spiritual Being, and 2. Spirituality is not Learned or Acquired Knowledge and Behavior. Man does not transform himself into a Spiritual Being by his physical or mental efforts. In other words, Spirituality does not involve learning from Holy Scriptures, practice of techniques like Meditation, and observation of religious rituals like pilgrimage and Temple worship. Man, the Physical Being is created not as an Embodied Soul but as a Living Soul that lives as a Spiritual Being.

Man acquires several important benefits by reading Holy Scriptures and through religious practices such as Prayer, Meditation, and Worship. I do not discourage or disrespect such practices and religious behavior. Rather, I categorically submit to my readers that Man does not transform himself into a Spiritual Being by virtue of any of his physical, and mental efforts. To think that Man is born as a Physical Being and slowly transforms himself into a Spiritual Being through a process called Self-Realization is a myth.

If the Human Body is described as a field of activity or ‘KSHETRA’, the Knower, and the Enjoyer of this field of activity called ‘KSHETRAJNA’ exists at birth. This Spiritual Being does not come into existence during a later part of life through a process of Learning from sensory experience or intellectual introspection.

CREATION AND SELF-REALIZATION:

Man, like all other living entities represents a thermodynamically unstable system. Man does not exist in the physical, material world because of his own Power/Force/Energy. Man needs continuous supply of energy from an external source during the entire span of his life. The fact of Man’s Physical Existence in Natural World could be explained as Manifestation of Power/Force/Energy of the Supreme Being. Operation of this Divine Power or Potency underlies the process of Self-Realization, the process or mechanism by which the Creative Power/Force/Energy establishes the complete Self. In Indian tradition, the process of Self-Realization involves Four Stages before it arrives at the Final Stage called God-Realization. These initial Four Stages are as follows:

1. First Stage of Self-Realization – The Establishment of Knowledge or JNANAMOYA:

What is Man? Spirituality and Self-Realization.Human life begins at conception. Father is the Originating Principle and Mother is the Providing Principle. Self-Realization begins with implantation of Knowledge in Egg Cell, making it Conscious or Aware of its own Living Condition that initiates Growth and Development.

Human Life begins at conception as a Single, Fertilized Egg Cell. This Egg Cell always comes from a previously existing Egg Cell that experienced Growth and Development into a human being. Father is the Originating Principle. Mother, the divine source of Life, Energy, and Knowledge, is the Providing Principle. In my view, Self-Realization begins with implantation of Knowledge in Substance of the Egg Cell making it Conscious or Aware of its own Living Condition that initiates its Growth and Development into Embryo, Fetus, and a fully formed human baby. Hence, Life could be defined as “Knowledge in Action.” In Indian tradition, this aspect of Self-Realization is described as “Jnanamoya”, the Living Symptoms manifested as Consciousness.

2. The Second Stage of Self-Realization or The Establishment of Vital Functions, PRANAMOYA:

What is Man? Spirituality and Self-Realization.The Newborn Baby upon separation from Mother begins life as an independent living entity by initiation of its vital, living functions such as Respiration and Circulation.

The Newborn Baby upon separation from Mother, begins life as an independent living entity by initiation of its vital, living functions such as Respiration and Circulation. To survive in the physical world, the Baby needs to breathe on its own and circulate vital supply of Oxygen to all the tissues, and organs of entire body. In Indian tradition this manifestation of living symptoms as Consciousness or Self-Realization is called “Pranamoya”; the ability to perform vital functions like Breathing independent of Mother.

3. The Third Stage of Self-Realization or The Establishment of Nutrition, ANNAMOYA:

WHAT IS MAN? SPIRITUALITY AND SELF-REALIZATION. RESPIRATION PLAYS CRUCIAL ROLE IN ENERGY TRANSFORMATION. — **WHAT IS MAN? SPIRITUALITY AND SELF-REALIZATION. RESPIRATION PLAYS CRUCIAL ROLE IN ENERGY TRANSFORMATION FOR COMPLETE FULFILLMENT OR FULL ESTABLISHMENT OF SELF WITH CONSCIOUSNESS AS ITS LIVING SYMPTOM.**

During the stages of Growth and Development, Embryo and Fetus receive nutritional support from Mother. Complete Fulfillment or Full Establishment of Self with Consciousness as Living Symptom primarily involves acquisition of Matter and Energy from an External Source.

**What is Man? Spirituality and Self-Realization. Fulfillment or Establishment of Human Life primarily involves acquisition of Matter and Energy from an External Source.**

The Newborn Baby must continue to feed through all the stages of its physical existence for the rest of its entire life span.

WHAT IS MAN? SPIRITUALITY AND SELF-REALIZATION. THE PROCESS OR MECHANISM CALLED CELLULAR RESPIRATION IS NOT LEARNED OR ACQUIRED EXPERIENCE. NO SPIRITUAL TEACHER, NO SPIRITUAL MASTER, AND NO SPIRITUAL GUIDE CAN IMPLANT THIS KNOWLEDGE IN MAN. — WHAT IS MAN? SPIRITUALITY AND SELF-REALIZATION. THE PROCESS OR MECHANISM CALLED CELLULAR RESPIRATION IS NOT LEARNED OR ACQUIRED EXPERIENCE. NO SPIRITUAL TEACHER, NO SPIRITUAL MASTER, AND NO SPIRITUAL GUIDE CAN IMPLANT THIS KNOWLEDGE OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION IN MAN.

No Spiritual Teacher, no Spiritual Master, and no Spiritual Guide can implant Knowledge in Man to perform Living Function called Cellular Respiration, the Living Symptom manifested as Consciousness.In Indian tradition this manifestation of Consciousness or Self-Realization as Living Symptoms that involve dependence upon Food for Existence is called “Annamoya”, or the Materialistic Realization of the Supreme Being’s Divine Power, Energy, or Potency.

4. The Fourth Stage of Self-Realization or The Establishment of ‘The Knowing-Self’, VIJNANAMOYA:

What is Man? Spirituality and Self-Realization.The anatomical structure known as Reticular Formation shown as a red band in this image is in the Brain Stem. It composes Contents of Consciousness and its functions are important to bring Unity of trillions of independent, individual living cells of human organism to generate Singular Effect called Man. It is the Knower, and the Enjoyer of the activities of the entire Human Body.

The cells, tissues, and organ systems of the Newborn Baby display functional subservience for the benefit of Self which lives because of their living functions. Reticular Formation in the Brain Stem functions as ‘The Knowing-Self’, and is involved in composition of Consciousness which brings functional unity in the complex, multicellular human organism to generate Singular Effect called Man. Reticular Formation of Brain Stem can be described as the “Knower”, and the “Enjoyer” or “KSHETRAJNA” of the field of activities of Human Body called “KSHETRA”. In Indian Tradition, Establishment of this “Knower”, “Enjoyer”, or the ‘Knowing-Self’ as manifestation of Living Symptom of Consciousness is described as the Fourth Stage of Self- Realization, or ‘Brahman-Realization’ called “Vijnanamoya.”

For the reasons I shared, the Complete Fulfillment or Full Establishment of Self as Living, Spiritual Being is not Learned or Acquired Behavior.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada

BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

Spiritualism – the Theory of Consciousness (bhavanajagat.com)
Whole Dude – Whole Living (wholedude.com)
Spiritualism – Human Existence and Human Nature (bhavanajagat.com)
Spiritualism and Knowledge of Human Nature (bhavanajagat.com)
Spiritualism – Human Nature and Human Behavior (bhavanajagat.com)
Spiritualism – Psychoanalysis and Human Nature (bhavanajagat.com)
Spiritualism – Human Nature and Human Forms (bhavanajagat.com)
Spiritualism – the Key to Human Nature (bhavanajagat.com)
Spiritualism – the Victory Over Death (bhavanajagat.com)
Spiritualism – the Truth About Soul or Spirit (bhavanajagat.com)

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Frenez Dennys, & Massimo Vidale, 2012, Harappan Chimaeras as ‘Symbolic Hypertexts’. Some Thoughts on Plato, Chimaera and the Indus Civilization

S. Kalyanaraman, 2016, Harappa Script & Language: Data mining of Corpora, tantra yukti & knowledge discovery of a civilization, Amazon

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WHAT IS MAN? – SPIRITUALITY AND SELF-REALIZATION:

HUMAN BIRTH IS A DIVINE PHENOMENON:

CREATION AND SELF-REALIZATION:

1. First Stage of Self-Realization – The Establishment of Knowledge or JNANAMOYA:

2. The Second Stage of Self-Realization or The Establishment of Vital Functions, PRANAMOYA:

3. The Third Stage of Self-Realization or The Establishment of Nutrition, ANNAMOYA:

4. The Fourth Stage of Self-Realization or The Establishment of ‘The Knowing-Self’, VIJNANAMOYA:

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