RED DRAGON – #REDDRAGON – THE DANGERS OF COMMUNIST EXPANSIONISM

RED DRAGON – #REDDRAGON – THE DANGERS OF COMMUNIST EXPANSIONISM:

Communist China’s policy of “Expansionism” was formulated by Chairman Mao Zedong(1893-1976) and it continues unchanged after its illegal invasion and occupation of Tibet in 1950. Red Dragon is posing a great security threat to all of its neighbors in Southeast Asia as it commits new acts of agression grabbing territory and consolidating its territorial gain by erecting structures. People’s Republic of China is a war mongerer and its military adventurism must be curbed. Red Dragon’s unquenchable greed is reflected in its building activities at “Mischief Reef” and its claim of Spratly Islands. On behalf of Special Frontier Force, I ask all the nations of the world to unite toface the challenge posed by Red Dragon’s reckless mischief.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
SPECIALFRONTIERFORCE.ESTABLISHMENT22

Images show China’s Great Wall of Sand

Philippine Star – Fri, Apr 10, 2015

View Photo Images show China’s Great Wall of Sand
WASHINGTON – The clusters of Chinese vessels busily dredge white sand and pump it onto partly submerged coral, aptly named Mischief Reef, transforming it into an island.
Over a matter of weeks, satellite photographs show the island growing bigger, its few shacks on stilts replaced by buildings. What appears to be an amphibious warship, capable of holding 500 to 800 troops, patrols the reef’s southern opening.
China has long asserted ownership of the archipelago in the South China Sea known as the Spratly Islands, also claimed by at least three other countries, including the Philippines, an American ally. But the series of detailed photographs taken of Mischief Reef, called Panganiban Reef by the Philippines, shows the remarkable speed, scale and ambition of China’s effort to literally gain ground in the dispute.
They show that since January, China has been dredging enormous amounts of sand from around the reef and using it to build up landmass – what military analysts at the Pentagon are calling “facts on the water” – hundreds of miles from the Chinese mainland.
The Chinese have clearly concluded that it is unlikely anyone will challenge them in an area believed rich in oil and gas and, perhaps more important, strategically vital. Last week Adm. Harry Harris, the commander of the US Pacific fleet, accused China of undertaking an enormous and unprecedented artificial land creation operation.
“China is creating a great wall of sand with dredges and bulldozers,” Harris said in a speech in Canberra, Australia.
Defense Secretary Ash Carter, on his first trip to Asia, put the American concerns in more diplomatic language, but the message was the same. In an interview to coincide with his visit, published Wednesday in the Yomiuri Shimbun, one of Japan’s largest dailies, Carter said China’s actions “seriously increase tensions and reduce prospects for diplomatic solutions” in territory claimed by the Philippines and Vietnam, and indirectly by Taiwan.
He urged Beijing to “limit its activities and exercise restraint to improve regional trust.” That is the same diplomatic message the Obama administration has been giving to China since Hillary Rodham Clinton, then the secretary of state, and her Chinese counterpart faced off over the issue at an Asian summit meeting in 2010.
While other countries in Southeast Asia, like Malaysia and Vietnam, have used similar techniques to extend or enlarge territory, none have China’s dredging and construction power.
The new satellite photographs were taken by DigitalGlobe, a commercial satellite imagery provider, and analyzed by the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a Washington research group. They certainly confirm the worries expressed by Carter and Harris.
“China’s building activities at Mischief Reef are the latest evidence that Beijing’s land reclamation is widespread and systematic,” said Mira Rapp-Hooper, director of the center’s Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative, a website devoted to monitoring activity on the disputed territory.
The transformation of Mischief Reef, which the Chinese call Meiji Reef, she said, is within territory claimed by the Philippines and is one of seven small outposts the Chinese have sought to establish in the South China Sea.
“These will allow Beijing to conduct regular, sustained patrols of the airspace and water, and to attempt to press its far-flung maritime claims as many as 1,000 miles from its shores,” she said.
Although these outposts are too vulnerable for China to use in wartime, she said “they could certainly allow it to exert significant pressure on other South China Sea claimants, such as the Philippines and Vietnam.”
The issue poses a problem for the Obama administration, not simply because the Philippines is a treaty ally. China is working so quickly that its assertion of sovereignty could become a fait accompli before anything can be done to stop it.
The United States has long insisted that the territorial disputes be resolved peacefully, and that no claimant should interfere with international navigation or take steps that impede a diplomatic resolution of the issue. But to the Chinese – already flexing muscle in other territorial disputes and with the creation of an Asian infrastructure bank to challenge the Western-created World Bank – this is not a matter for negotiation.
When Clinton raised the issue in Hanoi five years ago at the Asian Regional Forum, her Chinese counterpart, Yang Jiechi, responded with a 25-minute speech, exclaiming: “China is a big country. Bigger than any other countries here.” It seemed to be a reminder that its military could make sure no one would dare challenge its building spree on disputed territory – and so far, no one has, other than with diplomatic protests.
Since then, China has made no secret of its territorial designs on the Spratlys, creating at least three new islands that could serve as bases for Chinese surveillance and as resupply stations for navy vessels, according to IHS Jane’s.
Satellite imagery of the Spratlys publicized by IHS Jane’s in November showed how the Chinese had created an island about 9,850 feet long and 985 feet wide on Fiery Cross (Kagitingan) Reef, about 200 miles west of Mischief Reef, with a harbor capable of docking warships. IHS Jane’s said the new island could support a runway for military aircraft.
The United States is about to conduct a joint military exercise with the Philippines, part of an emerging Obama administration strategy to keep American ships traversing the area regularly, a way of pushing back on Chinese claims of exclusive rights. The administration did the same when China declared an air defense zone in the region more than a year ago.
The Chinese have said they consider most of the South China Sea to be rightfully theirs – a claim others make as well. China and Japan have a separate territorial dispute over islands that Japan calls the Senkaku and China calls the Diaoyutai. Those tensions have eased slightly in recent times.
Last year China and Vietnam became entangled in an angry exchange after China towed a $1-billion oil drilling rig to an area 150 miles off Vietnam’s coast. On Tuesday China’s official Xinhua news agency reported that the leaders of both countries wanted to soothe their differences and “control their disputes to ensure that the bilateral relationship will develop in a right track.” – New York Times News Service

Philippines seeks help from U.S. in South China Sea dispute
The Philippines is seeking more “substantive” support from its long-time security ally United States on how to counter China’s rapid expansion in the South China Sea, the foreign secretary said on Wednesday. China’s rapid reclamation around seven reefs in the Spratly archipelago of the South China Sea has alarmed claimants, including the Philippines and Vietnam, and drawn growing criticism from U.S. government officials and the military. U.S. President Barack Obama has said Washington is …
China dismisses Philippine leader’s call to fear Beijing
Beijing on Wednesday dismissed as “groundless” Philippine President Benigno Aquino’s warning to AFP that the Asian giant’s actions in the South China Sea should “engender fear for the rest of the world”. Aquino made his remarks in an exclusive interview on Tuesday, saying that China’s increasing bold assertions of its territorial claims could cut access for other nations to vital international shipping lanes and rich fishing grounds in the sea. China’s foreign ministry spokesman Hong Lei told …

PAKISTAN’S JIHADIST ATTACK ON INDIA – NOVEMBER 26, 2008

PAKISTAN’S JIHADIST ATTACK ON INDIA – NOVEMBER 26, 2008:

The news story on release of Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi, Pakistani Militant Leader tied to 2008 Mumbai Attack speaks about Pakistan’s involvement in the planning and execution of this Jihadist attack. It clearly reveals Pakistan’s unwillingness to stop terrorist attacks launched by its citizens. I am hopeful that rest of the world recognizes Pakistan as a nation sponsoring Terrorism. I am sharing story published by The New York Times on April 11, 2015.

PAKISTANI MILITANT LEADER TIED TO 2008 MUMBAI ATTACKS IS FREED ON BAIL

PAKISTAN'S JIHADIST ATTACK ON INDIA NOVEMBER 26, 2008. THIS PHOTO IMAGE IS FROM JANUARY 2015. — PAKISTAN’S JIHADIST ATTACK ON INDIA NOVEMBER 26, 2008. THIS PHOTO IMAGE IS FROM JANUARY 2015.

By SALMAN MASOOD and DECLAN WALSH
APRIL 10, 2015

From NYtimes, dated 11 April, 2015
Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi, fist raised, after a court appearance in Islamabad in January. A high court ordered his release Friday. Credit B.K. Bangash/Associated Press

ISLAMABAD, Pakistan — In a move that drew furious condemnation from India, a Pakistani high court released on bail
on Friday a militant commander accused of orchestrating the 2008 attacks in Mumbai that killed more than 160 people.
The commander, Zaki-ur-Rehman Lakhvi, and six other members of the Lashkar-e-Taiba militant group have been on trial
since 2009 at a high-security jail in Rawalpindi, just south of Islamabad, on charges of participating in the Mumbai operation.

But the trial has been conducted largely in secrecy, and its halting pace has given rise to speculation that its progress is being influenced by the vagaries of wider tensions between Pakistan and India.
Those tensions have been particularly high since last spring and summer, when Narendra Modi, a right-wing Hindu leader, became prime minister of India and there was a marked escalation in violent clashes between the two countries’ troops near the Line of Control in the disputed region of Kashmir.

Related Coverage
* India Faces Reckoning as Terror Toll Eclipses 170 NOV. 29, 2008 * In 2008 Mumbai Attacks, Piles of Spy Data, but an Uncompleted Puzzle * DEC. 21, 2014
* Key Suspect in 2008 Mumbai Attacks Granted Bail DEC. 18, 2014
* Pakistani Premier Announces Military Courts for Terrorism Cases DEC. 24, 2014
* In Pakistan, a Charity Project Points to Official Tolerance of Militants JAN. 28, 2015

Mr. Modi protested loudly in December when a Pakistani court ruled that Mr. Lakhvi should be released on bail, even though the Pakistani government, led by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif, managed to prevent his release at the time by invoking a colonial-era public order act.
Continue reading the main story

Missed Signals Before the Mumbai Attacks

Intelligence agencies in three countries tracked conspirators and deployed high-tech surveillance tools in advance of the Mumbai attacks, but they did not put the pieces together.

But those efforts collapsed when the high court ordered Mr. Lakhvi’s immediate release on bail, saying there was no reason to hold him in jail and provoking a swift response from Indian officials.

Mr. Lakhvi’s release was “a most negative development insofar as bilateral ties are concerned,” Syed Akbaruddin,
a spokesman for India’s ministry of external affairs, told reporters in New Delhi. India’s high commissioner to Pakistan
contacted the Pakistani authorities to register his “strong concerns,” Mr. Akbaruddin added.

“He underlined that this has reinforced the perception that Pakistan has a dual policy on dealing with terrorists,
and those who have carried out attacks or are posing a threat to India are being dealt with differently,” Mr. Akbaruddin said.

Tasnim Aslam, a spokeswoman for Pakistan’s Ministry of Foreign Affairs, told reporters that it would “not be proper to cast aspersions on Pakistan’s commitment to countering terrorism” when the country is pressing the fight against Taliban militants inside its own borders.

Ms. Aslam blamed an “inordinate delay” in Indian cooperation with the Mumbai trial for weakening the prosecution’s case.Pakistani analysts said it was not clear whether the military or other elements of the security apparatus had influenced the court’s decision on Thursday. What seemed more certain, several said, was that the military did not wish to see Mr. Lakhvi or his group aggressively prosecuted.

“His release has been inevitable for a while now,” said Cyril Almeida, an editor at the newspaper Dawn. “The state is simply not interested in pursuing the Mumbai-related trials.”

It was not immediately clear where Mr. Lakhvi went after he walked free from the Adiala jail around 1 p.m. on Friday.

Mr. Lakhvi’s lawyer, Raja Rizwan Abbasi, said that he was probably staying with his family. “Any further detention order would be illegal and in contempt of court,” he said.

CALLS DURING THE ATTACKS:

These Internet-based phone calls were recorded in the control room in Karachi as Zarrar Shah and others directed the terrorists in Mumbai.

Translated from Urdu.

* The control room gives tactical advice to the terrorists in Mumbai. (0:40)

* Control Room: Hello, Salam? * Kasha?
* Terrorists in Mumbai: Salam back to you
* yes, yes.

* Control: Do you understand that you guys need to start heading down? And start cleaning out downwards? * Whoever is standing down there, shoot at him, if there’s another, shoot at him … throw a grenade, and go down.

* Mumbai: [Unintelligible] … We don’t have grenades.

* Control: Don’t you have four grenades? * That’s plenty of grenades. * Mumbai: Yes.

* Control: So why don’t you use two of them? Keep two with you, one on each of you. Use two. * Throw one, then fire and go down to the next floor. * pause
* The terrorists in Mumbai exchange fire with security forces. (0:31) * Terrorists in Mumbai: Peace be unto you.

* Control room: And peace be unto you.

* Mumbai: Peace be unto you.

* Control: And peace be unto you, yes?

* Mumbai: [Unintelligible]

* Control: Yes?

* Mumbai: I’ve been hit by fire, please pray. * I’ve been hit by fire, please pray.

* Control: Where did they hit you? * Where have you been hit? * Where have you been hit?

* Mumbai: I’ve been hit on the arm.

* Control: May God almighty protect you. Their people have gotten injured too, they are picking them up and taking them to the hospital. * [gun shots]

* Mumbai: [Unintelligible] One, one [unintelligible]. Have killed a commando.

* Control: Praise be to God. Praise be to God. * God almighty. *

Mumbai: [Unintelligible]

* Control: Listen, don’t hang up, don’t hang up. *

The six other suspects remained in the Adiala jail.

India says that Mr. Lakhvi, widely considered to be the operational head of Lashkar-e-Taiba, coordinated the November 2008 Mumbai attacks by phone from a base in Pakistan. He was arrested the next month.

In December 2014, a Pakistani Taliban assault on an army-run school in Peshawar killed 150 people, most of them children, and led to a concerted military crackdown on certain militant groups.

Army special forces troops intensified operations in the country’s tribal belt, and Mr. Sharif’s government lifted a moratorium on executions of militant prisoners. Parliament authorized the army to try those prisoners in special courts, which have sweeping powers and recently heard their first cases.

But the crackdown has largely avoided groups, like Lashkar-e-Taiba, that share the military’s stance toward India.
Lashkar fighters have infiltrated Indian-controlled Kashmir and attacked Indian diplomatic targets in Afghanistan, moves that are widely believed to have been supported by Pakistani intelligence.

Although Lashkar was officially banned in 2002, it continues to operate unofficially through Jamaat ud-Dawa, its charity wing, which is based in the eastern city of Lahore but has branches across the country.

The charity’s leader, Hafiz Muhammad Saeed, lives in a Lahore suburb with police protection, free to move about the country making speeches, fund-raising and appearing on television. His supporters have openly mocked a $10 million United States government reward offered for information leading to his prosecution.

In his latest public appearance, on Thursday, Mr. Saeed led a rally in Islamabad, the capital, at which he urged Mr. Sharif’s government to ally with Saudi Arabia in attacking Houthi rebels in Yemen.

Lashkar’s fighters follow the Ahle Hadith school of Islam, which is closely related to the Wahhabism of Saudi Arabia and has helped the group raise money in the Persian Gulf countries. In the past year, its charity wing has expanded its operations to southern Pakistan, raising fears about the government’s failure to check the spread of extremism.

“For India, the signal is clear,” said Mr. Almeida, the newspaper editor. “Kashmir is central to everything, and Pakistan won’t let India forget that, even if Prime Minister Modi doesn’t want to talk to us.”

Salman Masood reported from Islamabad, and Declan Walsh from London. Nida Najar contributed reporting from New Delhi, and Waqar Gillani from Lahore, Pakistan.

A version of this article appears in print on April 11, 2015, on page A6 of the New York edition with the headline: Pakistani Militant Leader Tied to 2008 Mumbai Attacks Is Freed on Bail.

jihadist attacks zaki ur rehman lakhvi let commander1

jihadist attacks zaki ur rehman lakhvi let commander2

#WholeVillain – WholeVillain – Whole Villain – History of the US-Tibet Relations

On behalf of Special Frontier Force (#SpecialFrontierForce) and Establishment No. 22 (#Establishment22) I acknowledge the role of Dr. Henry Alfred Kissinger as that of #WholeVillain, WholeVillain, and Whole Villain in history of the US-Tibet relations. I ask my readers to give special attention to some of the aspects of US-Tibet relations. These are:

1. From 1911 to 1950, for about 39-years, Tibet was an independent, sovereign nation. However, Tibet chose a political policy called ‘Isolationism’ and limited its interactions with foreign powers. Tibet had diplomatic relations with a few of its immediate neighbors like India, Nepal, and China. For Tibet had no formal diplomatic relationships with the United States, their relations always existed under the shadow of US-INDIA relations. It should not be of any surprise for both India, and Tibet face a common external enemy.

2. People’s Republic of China as a national entity came into existence on October 01, 1949 following the Communist October Revolution that seized political power in China after defeating the nationalists or KUOMINTANG who fled mainland China to establish Republic of China popularly known as Taiwan.

3. The security threat posed by People’s Republic of China is the driving force that still shapes the US-India-Tibet relations. After Communist China’s illegal invasion and military occupation of Tibet since 1950s, the history of the US-India-Tibet relations is shaped entirely with a sole purpose of resisting China’s occupation of Tibet.

4. During the long course of 66-years, the US-India-Tibet relations are primarily based on the principles on which the United States declared its independence from its rule by Great Britain. In the words used by US President Eisenhower, the US-India-Tibet relations represent a “Crusade for Peace through Freedom.” Since India is a free country, the Crusade specifically addresses the quest for Freedom in Occupied Tibet.

5. I am a witness to the history of US-India-Tibet relations on account of my affiliation with a military organization called Special Frontier Force (#SpecialFrontierForce) or Establishment No. 22 (#Establishment22). I have no particular need to cite any government documents to support my statements. However, I have to acknowledge the vastly superior intelligence capabilities of People’s Republic of China which gave it a clear insight about the US-India-Tibet relations. China had already expressed its displeasure by attacking India along its Himalayan Frontier during October-November 1962. US-India-Tibet relations survived and in this article I give special recognition to diabolic actions of Dr. Henry Alfred Kissinger, PhD from 1968 to 1977 with emphasis on his illegal/unconstitutional actions during 1969 to 1972.

#WHOLEVILLAIN - WHOLEVILLAIN - WHOLE VILLAIN - HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS : MARCH 17, 2015 . GREAT HALL OF THE PEOPLE IN PEKING(BEIJING). DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER WITH CHINESE PRESIDENT XI JINPING . I AM ASKING MY READERS TO RECOGNIZE THE FACE OF #WHOLEVILLAIN IN HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS . — #WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS: MARCH 17, 2015 . GREAT HALL OF THE PEOPLE IN PEKING (BEIJING). DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER WITH CHINESE PRESIDENT XI JINPING . I AM ASKING MY READERS TO RECOGNIZE THE FACE OF #WHOLEVILLAIN IN HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS .

#WHOLEVILLAIN - WHOLEVILLAIN - WHOLE VILLAIN - HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS : MARCH 17, 2015 . GREAT HALL OF THE PEOPLE, PEKING(BEIJING) . DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER WITH CHINESE PRESIDENT XI JINPING . I ASK MY READERS TO RECOGNIZE THE FACE OF #WHOLEVILLAIN IN HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS . — #WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS : MARCH 17, 2015 . GREAT HALL OF THE PEOPLE IN PEKING (BEIJING). DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER WITH CHINESE PRESIDENT XI JINPING. I ASK MY READERS TO RECOGNIZE THE FACE OF #WHOLEVILLAIN IN HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS .

Dr. Henry Kissinger is given due credit for initiating diplomatic relations between United States and People’s Republic of China. I am asking my readers to recognize the faces of those Chinese leaders whom he befriended . Dr. Kissinger was appointed Assistant National Security Affairs in December 1968 and worked as National Security Adviser from 1969. During the years 1969 to September 1973, Kissinger had no constitutional power or authority to meet or engage foreign leaders and set the direction for US foreign policy.

#WHOLEVILLAIN - WHOLEVILLAIN - WHOLE VILLAIN - HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS : 37TH US PRESIDENT RICHARD M NIXON WITH DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER . TELL ME THE NAMES OF YOUR FRIENDS, I'LL TELL WHO YOU ARE . — #WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS : 37TH US PRESIDENT RICHARD M NIXON WITH DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER . TELL ME THE NAMES OF YOUR FRIENDS, I’LL TELL WHO YOU ARE .

“TELL ME THE NAMES OF YOUR FRIENDS, I’LL TELL WHO YOU ARE.”

Dr Henry Alfred Kissinger PhD who served as National Security Adviser from 1969 to 1975 selected People’s Republic of China’s Communist Party leaders Mao Zedong and Zhou En-Lai to befriend China and to begin trade and commerce relations between these two countries.

#WHOLEVILLAIN - WHOLEVILLAIN - WHOLE VILLAIN - HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS : WHO IS DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER PHD ??? TELL ME THE NAMES OF HIS FRIENDS, I'LL TELL YOU WHO HE IS . — #WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS: WHO IS DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER PhD? TELL ME THE NAMES OF HIS FRIENDS, I’LL TELL YOU WHO HE IS.

#WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS: DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER IN HIS BOOK “ON CHINA” FAILED TO ACCOUNT FOR HIS DIABOLIC, VILLAINOUS ACTIONS THAT RECKLESSLY UNDERMINED HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS .

#WHOLEVILLAIN - WHOLEVILLAIN - WHOLE VILLAIN - HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS : THE STATUE OF LIBERTY SYMBOLIZES THE VALUES THAT GUIDE AND SHAPE THE US FOREIGN POLICY . THE US - TIBET - INDIA RELATIONS AIM AT RESTORING FREEDOM IN OCCUPIED TIBET . THIS RELATIONSHIP WAS ESTABLISHED SOON AFTER COMMUNIST CHINA'S INVASION AND OCCUPATION OF TIBET IN 1950. — #WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS : THE STATUE OF LIBERTY SYMBOLIZES THE VALUES THAT GUIDE AND SHAPE THE US FOREIGN POLICY . THE US – TIBET – INDIA RELATIONS AIM AT RESTORING FREEDOM IN OCCUPIED TIBET . THIS RELATIONSHIP WAS ESTABLISHED SOON AFTER COMMUNIST CHINA’S INVASION AND OCCUPATION OF TIBET IN 1950.

#WHOLEVILLAIN - WHOLEVILLAIN - WHOLE VILLAIN - HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS : I ASK MY READERS TO REFLECT UPON THE VALUES THAT GUIDED THE UNITED STATES TO DECLARE ITS INDEPENDENCE . THE SAME VALUES SHAPED THE US FOREIGN POLICY WHEN IT COUNTERACTED THE THREAT POSED BY COMMUNISM . — #WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS : I ASK MY READERS TO REFLECT UPON THE VALUES THAT GUIDED THE UNITED STATES TO DECLARE ITS INDEPENDENCE . THE SAME VALUES SHAPED THE US FOREIGN POLICY WHEN IT COUNTERACTED THE THREAT POSED BY COMMUNISM .

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : CRUSADE FOR PEACE THROUGH FREEDOM . — CRUSADE FOR PEACE THROUGH FREEDOM. #WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS: DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER IN HIS BOOK “ON CHINA” FAILED TO ACCOUNT FOR HIS DIABOLIC, VILLAINOUS ACTIONS THAT RECKLESSLY UNDERMINED HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS .

I ask my readers to explore history of the US-Tibet relations formulated on principles of Freedom and Democracy from 1949 by 33rd US President Harry S Truman (1949-1952). Dwight David Eisenhower, 34th President of the US (1953-1961) continued President Truman’s foreign policy of containing Communism. John Fitzgerald Kennedy, 35th President of the US (1961-1963) and Lyndon Baines Johnson, 36th President of the US (1963-1969) continued to checkmate Communist Cold War strategy. To gain a correct historical perspective, I have to mention that Richard Milhous Nixon served as Vice President (1953-1956, & 1957-1960) under President Eisenhower and was intimately involved in implementing President Eisenhower’s policy of containing Communism in Southeast Asia. I am pleased to share some of these photo images that help me to recapitulate the historical ties between the United States, India, and Tibet. Because of the “SILENCE and SECRECY” imposed by Cold War Era, the connections between these three nations are often misunderstood.

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : — #WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS: DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER IN HIS BOOK “ON CHINA” FAILED TO ACCOUNT FOR HIS DIABOLIC, VILLAINOUS ACTIONS THAT RECKLESSLY UNDERMINED HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS .

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : BIRTH OF THE RED DRAGON . OCTOBER 01, 1949 . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: BIRTH OF THE RED DRAGON. OCTOBER 01, 1949.

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : FORMER CIA OFFICIALS KENNETH KNAUS AND JOHN GREANEY SHARED THEIR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: FORMER CIA OFFICIALS KENNETH KNAUS AND JOHN GREANEY SHARED THEIR PERSONAL EXPERIENCES OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS .

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : BRUCE WALKER , FORMER OFFICIAL OF CIA . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: BRUCE WALKER , FORMER OFFICIAL OF CIA .

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : OCTOBER 11, 1949 . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: OCTOBER 11, 1949.

**John Foster Dulles, the US Secretary of State with President Eisenhower. Allen Welsh Dulles, the US CIA Director (1953-1961) is his brother.**

#WholeVillain – WholeVillain – Whole Villain – History of the US-Tibet Relations.

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : DECEMBER 16, 1956 . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: DECEMBER 16, 1956 .

#WHOLEVILLAIN - APRIL 1958 — #WHOLEVILLAIN – APRIL 1958. Richard Milhous Nixon served as Vice President (1953-1956, & 1957-1960) under President Eisenhower and was intimately involved in implementing President Eisenhower’s policy of containing Communism in Southeast Asia

#WHOLEVILLAIN 17 NOVEMBER 1954. Richard Milhous Nixon served as Vice President (1953-1956, & 1957-1960) under President Eisenhower and was intimately involved in implementing President Eisenhower’s policy of containing Communism in Southeast Asia

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : SEPTEMBER 1957 . PEKING . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : SEPTEMBER 1957. PEKING. Both India and Tibet tried their best to negotiate peace with Communist China.

History of the US-Tibet Relations-Kasturi-Sarvepalli-Eisenhower-and-Nixon-1960 — #WHOLEVILLAIN – 1960. Richard Milhous Nixon served as Vice President (1953-1956, & 1957-1960) under President Eisenhower and was intimately involved in implementing President Eisenhower’s policy of containing Communism in Southeast Asia

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : DECEMBER 09, 1959. Richard Milhous Nixon served as Vice President (1953-1956, & 1957-1960) under President Eisenhower and was intimately involved in implementing President Eisenhower’s policy of containing Communism in Southeast Asia

#WHOLEVILLAIN - DECEMBER 10, 1959 — #WHOLEVILLAIN – DECEMBER 10, 1959. Richard Milhous Nixon served as Vice President (1953-1956, & 1957-1960) under President Eisenhower and was intimately involved in implementing President Eisenhower’s policy of containing Communism in Southeast Asia

#WHOLEVILLAIN - NIXON EISENHOWER JUSTICE WARREN — #WHOLEVILLAIN – NIXON, EISENHOWER, JUSTICE WARREN. Richard Milhous Nixon served as Vice President (1953-1956, & 1957-1960) under President Eisenhower and was intimately involved in implementing President Eisenhower’s policy of containing Communism in Southeast Asia

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : MARCH 31, 1959 . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: MARCH 31, 1959.

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : LIFE IN EXILE . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: LIFE IN EXILE BEGAN DURING EISENHOWER-NIXON PRESIDENCY. Richard Milhous Nixon served as Vice President (1953-1956, & 1957-1960) under President Eisenhower and was intimately involved in implementing President Eisenhower’s policy of containing Communism in Southeast Asia

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : SEPTEMBER 04, 1959 . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: SEPTEMBER 04, 1959. Richard Milhous Nixon served as Vice President (1953-1956, & 1957-1960) under President Eisenhower and was intimately involved in implementing President Eisenhower’s policy of containing Communism in Southeast Asia

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS ARE ALWAYS A REFLECTION OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS ARE ALWAYS A REFLECTION OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS.

#WHOLEVILLAIN - WHOLEVILLAIN - WHOLE VILLAIN - HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS : THIS PHOTO IMAGE OF KENNETH KNAUS OF CIA WITH HIS HOLINESS THE 14TH DALAI LAMA SPEAKS OF HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS . — #WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS : THIS PHOTO IMAGE OF KENNETH KNAUS OF CIA WITH HIS HOLINESS THE 14TH DALAI LAMA SPEAKS OF HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS. Richard Milhous Nixon served as Vice President (1953-1956, & 1957-1960) under President Eisenhower and was intimately involved in implementing President Eisenhower’s policy of containing Communism in Southeast Asia

#WHOLEVILLAIN 1960. Richard Milhous Nixon served as Vice President (1953-1956, & 1957-1960) under President Eisenhower and was intimately involved in implementing President Eisenhower’s policy of containing Communism in Southeast Asia

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : APRIL 22, 1961. CAMP DAVID, MARYLAND . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: APRIL 22,1961. CAMP DAVID, MARYLAND. Richard Milhous Nixon served as Vice President (1953-1956, & 1957-1960) under President Eisenhower and was intimately involved in implementing President Eisenhower’s policy of containing Communism in Southeast Asia

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : SEPTEMBER 1961 . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : SEPTEMBER 1961.

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : SEPTEMBER 07, 1961 . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : SEPTEMBER 07, 1961.

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : NOVEMBER 07, 1961.

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : SEPTEMBER 09, 1961 . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : SEPTEMBER 09, 1961.

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : CHINA-INDIA WAR OF OCTOBER-NOVEMBER 1962 . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : CHINA-INDIA WAR OF OCTOBER-NOVEMBER 1962. The War imposed by Red China did not deter the US-India-Tibet relations.

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : THE 1962 INDIA - CHINA WAR FOR ALL PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IS THE PHYSICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS WHICH REMAIN SHROUDED BY SILENCE AND SECRECY IMPOSED BY COLD WAR ERA DIPLOMACY . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: THE 1962 INDIA – CHINA WAR FOR ALL PRACTICAL CONSIDERATIONS IS THE PHYSICAL EVIDENCE FOR THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS WHICH REMAIN SHROUDED BY SILENCE AND SECRECY IMPOSED BY COLD WAR ERA DIPLOMACY.

#WHOLEVILLAIN JUNE 03 1963 — JUNE 03 1963. The War imposed by Red China during October 1962 did not deter the US-India-Tibet Relations.

HISTORY OF US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : JUNE 04, 1963. — HISTORY OF US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: JUNE 04, 1963. **The War imposed by Red China during October 1962 did not deter the US-India-Tibet Relations.**

HISTORY OF US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : JUNE 03/04, 1963 . — HISTORY OF US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: JUNE 03/04, 1963. **The War imposed by Red China during October 1962 did not deter the US-India-Tibet Relations.**

HISTORY OF US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : 1964 . NEW DELHI . — HISTORY OF US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: 1964. NEW DELHI. **The War imposed by Red China during October 1962 did not deter the US-India-Tibet Relations.**

AMERICA’S 1971 OPENING TO PEKING (BEIJING):

#WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLE VILLAIN - HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : OCTOBER 24, 1970. PRESIDENT NIXON BEFRIENDED PAKISTAN'S MILITARY DICTATOR GENERAL AGHA YAHYA KHAN IGNORING HIS CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY , THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE IN EAST PAKISTAN . — #WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : OCTOBER 24, 1970. PRESIDENT NIXON BEFRIENDED PAKISTAN’S MILITARY DICTATOR GENERAL AGHA YAHYA KHAN IGNORING HIS CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY, THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE IN EAST PAKISTAN.

#WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLE VILLAIN - HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : — #WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS: **PRESIDENT NIXON BEFRIENDED PAKISTAN’S MILITARY DICTATOR GENERAL AGHA YAHYA KHAN IGNORING HIS CRIMES AGAINST HUMANITY, THE CRIME OF GENOCIDE IN EAST PAKISTAN.**

#WHOLEVILLAIN AUGUST 10, 1971

#WHOLEVILLAIN JULY 09 - 11 1971 — #WHOLEVILLAIN JULY 09-11, 1971. **DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER IN HIS BOOK “ON CHINA” FAILED TO ACCOUNT FOR HIS DIABOLIC, VILLAINOUS ACTIONS THAT RECKLESSLY UNDERMINED HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS.**

#WHOLEVILLAIN JULY 1971. **DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER IN HIS BOOK “ON CHINA” FAILED TO ACCOUNT FOR HIS DIABOLIC, VILLAINOUS ACTIONS THAT RECKLESSLY UNDERMINED HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS**

**THE ORIGINAL SIN: The misuse and abuse of political power. Dr. Henry Kissinger had lacked Constitutional Power to conduct secret diplomacy on behalf of the people of the United States.**

THE CHECKS AND BALANCES IN GOVERNMENT BY LAW: What is the source of Power which Dr. Henry Kissinger may have used to usurp the role of the Secretary of State while he was employed at the National Security Council from 1968 to 1973??? — THE CHECKS AND BALANCES IN GOVERNMENT BY LAW: What is the source of Power which Dr. Henry Kissinger may have used to usurp the role of the Secretary of State while he was at the National Security Council from 1968 to 1973?

#WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLE VILLAIN - HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : INDIA'S PRIME MINISTER MRS. INDIRA GANDHI MADE A FUTILE TRIP TO WASHINGTON D.C. ON NOVEMBER 03, 1971 TO GET THE US SUPPORT TO STOP GENOCIDE IN EAST PAKISTAN . — #WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : INDIA’S PRIME MINISTER MRS. INDIRA GANDHI MADE A FUTILE TRIP TO WASHINGTON D.C. ON NOVEMBER 03, 1971 TO GET THE US SUPPORT TO STOP GENOCIDE IN EAST PAKISTAN

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : LIBERATION OF BANGLADESH ON DECEMBER 16, 1971 . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : LIBERATION OF BANGLADESH ON DECEMBER 16, 1971

The actions taken by Dr. Henry Alfred Kissinger prior to September 22, 1973 to foment relations between United States and Communist China by conducting secret visits to Peking and by holding secret negotiations with the Head of State and Prime Minister of Communist China are illegal, and unconstitutional. These actions have undermined the trust placed in the office of the Secretary of State and reveal Dr. Kissinger’s mockery of the United States Constitution.

Dr. Henry Alfred Kissinger takes credit for the relations between the United States and Communist China that he had helped to shape following his secret visit to Peking(Beijing) during 1971. Dr. Kissinger had published a book, “On China” on May 17, 2011 and most recently this book got reviewed by N. Narasimhan, the former Chief of India’s External Intelligence Agency. I am publishing the guest column that has appeared in Southasiaanalysis.org paper dated 31 December, 2011. Both Dr. Kissinger and N. Narasimhan fail to address a fundamental question about the legitimacy of the actions taken during 1971-72 that paved the way for normalization of U.S. – China relationship. Dr. Kissinger’s mischief began with his appointment as Assistant for National Security Affairs in December 1968. While working on behalf of National Security Council, Dr. Kissinger conducted secret negotiations with Heads of State and Prime Ministers without participation of Mr. William P. Rogers, the Secretary of State. Dr. Kissinger was sworn in as Secretary of State on September 22, 1973. Dr. Kissinger had grossly misused his position as an adviser and his actions during 1971-1973 prior to his appointment as Secretary of State were illegal and unconstitutional. The United States Constitution demands that the U.S. Administration is held fully accountable for all of its actions, and the U.S. Congress acts on behalf of the people to demand that public accountability. The actions of Dr. Kissinger during 1971-72 were a clear violation of trust placed in the office of the Secretary of State. For Constitution is the source of Power, it has provisions to check the use of power. The abuse of power is accomplished by separation of powers. A system of checks and balances limits the power of each branch of the Government and permits the Law of the Constitution to be applied when its officials usurp powers not granted by the Constitution or otherwise act unconstitutionally. Dr. Kissinger was not vested with powers to conduct secret diplomatic negotiations with officials of foreign governments while he was at National Security Council.

#WHOLEVILLAIN - WHOLEVILLAIN - WHOLE VILLAIN - HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS : DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER WON THE 1973 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE FOR MAKING A CEASE-FIRE AGREEMENT WITH NORTH VIETNAM . IT WAS SOON FOLLOWED BY UTTER DISASTER . US ARMY WAS BETRAYED . SAIGON WAS CAPTURED BY NORTH VIETNAM . — #WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS : DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER WON THE 1973 NOBEL PEACE PRIZE FOR MAKING A CEASE-FIRE AGREEMENT WITH NORTH VIETNAM . IT WAS SOON FOLLOWED BY UTTER DISASTER . US ARMY WAS BETRAYED . SAIGON WAS CAPTURED BY NORTH VIETNAM.

#WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLE VILLAIN - HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : A HISTORICAL FALL FROM GRACE . PRESIDENT RICHARD MILHOUS NIXON RESIGNED ON AUGUST 09, 1974 . — #WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLEVILLAIN WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS : A HISTORICAL FALL FROM GRACE. PRESIDENT RICHARD MILHOUS NIXON RESIGNED ON AUGUST 09, 1974.

#WHOLEVILLAIN APRIL 29, 1975 FALL OF SAIGON. **DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER IN HIS BOOK “ON CHINA” FAILED TO ACCOUNT FOR HIS DIABOLIC, VILLAINOUS ACTIONS THAT RECKLESSLY UNDERMINED HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS**

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS :THE LEGACY OF DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS:THE LEGACY OF DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER. **DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER IN HIS BOOK “ON CHINA” FAILED TO ACCOUNT FOR HIS DIABOLIC, VILLAINOUS ACTIONS THAT RECKLESSLY UNDERMINED HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS.**

THE LIVING TIBETAN SPIRITS:

HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS SINCE 1949 . THERE IS HOPE FOR FUTURE AND THERE IS HOPE FOR VICTORY IN THE CRUSADE FOR PEACE THROUGH FREEDOM . — HISTORY OF THE US-INDIA-TIBET RELATIONS SINCE 1949 . THERE IS HOPE FOR FUTURE AND THERE IS HOPE FOR VICTORY IN THE CRUSADE FOR PEACE THROUGH FREEDOM.

I speak on behalf of the ‘Living Tibetan Spirits’, the spirits of the young Tibetan men who live in my consciousness. Myself, and the Living Tibetan Spirits feel dismayed by Dr. Kissinger’s book “On China”, and its review by the former chief of India’s External Intelligence Agency. Both of them fail to speak about the United States-Tibet relations that established the multinational defense pact or alliance called Establishment Number. 22 (1962) and later named as Special Frontier Force (1966) to secure Freedom, Liberty, and Democracy in the occupied Land of Tibet. There was a basic and fundamental understanding between the people of Tibet and the United States to defend the Freedom of Tibet. Dr. Kissinger has caused a breach of trust between these two parties which have agreed to work together to defend the rights of Tibetan people to regain their lost freedom. The ideological rift between the US and Communist China is as wide as it was during 1949. The US-INDIA-TIBET Relationship survived the test of times and there is hope for a better future. There is hope for victory in the ‘Crusade for Peace through Freedom’.

Rudra N. Rebbapragada, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.

Special Frontier Force – Establishment 22 – Vikas Regiment

SERVICE INFORMATION:
Service Number: MS-8466/MR-03277K;

Rank: Lieutenant/Captain/Major;

Branch: Army Medical Corps/Short Service Regular Commission/Direct Permanent Commission (1969-1984);
Medical Officer, South Column, Operation Eagle (1971-72),
Headquarters Establishment No. 22 C/O 56 APO (1971-74),
Directorate General of Security,
Office of Inspector General Special Frontier Force,
East Block V, Level IV, R. K. Puram,
New Delhi – 110 022

http://www.southasiaanalysis.org/papers49/paper4837.html
Dr.Henry Kissinger’s Book “ON CHINA” – An Indian Perspective

Guest Column: By N. Narasimhan 31/12/2011

“ Relations Between Great Powers cannot b sustained by inertia, commerce or mere sentiments” Aaron Freidburg in New Republic, August 4, 2011.

That this Book is unique in many ways is quite obvious. Not just because of the Statistics. that Dr.Kissinger has counted having made about 50 trips to Beijing and the sheer mental and physical stamina on display. Hypothetically, someone can beat that in numerical terms. Or can conceivably even carry out missions of comparable importance in future. But there is not even a “ghostly” chance of any one replicating the meetings he has had with Mao, Deng, and the successor Chairmen of CPC/CMC/PRC; or the meticulous manner he has kept a record of these and shared them with the world.

For good or bad, this review will be understandably in the nature of lessons to be learnt, in the light of where we are now, our system and other deficiencies, and that have contributed calling for remedial action with urgency, to safeguard long and continually being neglected vital national interests.

India – China Border Dispute and War:

The India – China border war of 1962 has been covered here more in the perspective of a major illustration of Dr.K’s basic thesis on China’s “exceptionalism” and “singularity”, as characteristic style of statecraft distilled in which principles of “deterrent co-existence”, and “offensive-deterrence”(being defined as “luring in the opponents and then dealing them a sharp and stunning blow”) are important components.

Parenthetically, the India – China Border War has also been given dubious pride of place, as a dramatic opening prop for the Prologue with which Dr.K has begun the book ! Not being a critical element to his main purpose of the Book, in Dr.K’s broad brush treatment of the history and actual developments preceding the October – November 1962 Chinese attack on India, the facts are smudgy and a number of crucial issues have been glossed over. In fact, there are arguably many historic inaccuracies.

The Chinese Attack was a well planned meticulous attack
This Book has done yeoman service to the Indian cause by conclusively demonstrating that the Chinese attack was a well planned and meticulously executed “malice aforethought”, which was personally handled by Mao himself. The quotes attributed to Mao in this Section almost all have been sourced from an article by one John K.Garver.

Some of Dr.K’s assessments of Chinese working and decision-making style described in this Section, which get repeated often in different forms, throughout the Book are worth reproduction for ready perusal.

“It was not yet an order for military confrontation; rather a kind of alert to prepare a strategic plan. As such, it triggered the familiar Chinese style of dealing with strategic decisions: thorough analysis; careful preparation; attention to psychological and political factors; quest for surprise; and rapid conclusion“.
(Page 188, Chapter 7 – from an account of Mao’s meeting with Chinese Military Commanders in 1962)

Dr.K goes on to mention two specific points which demonstrated the comprehensive way in which Chinese policy was being planned. The Chinese leaders were concerned that the U.S might use the Sino – Indian conflict they were preparing for to unleash Taiwan against the Mainland. Also the U.S may start some mischief in Indo – China, in the developments of the then current edition of the Vietnam War, and use it for an American attack on Southern China through Laos.

They used a simple subterfuge to obtain quick reassurance on the first point. At the routine Ambassador level meetings then under way at far away Warsaw, they got the U.S. Representative to deny any American intention of armed action in Taiwan by making a false allegation that the U.S. had amassed troops for this purpose, and getting it refuted by him. Remarkable in itself, Dr.K also highlights this to additionally emphasize the difference between a comprehensive approach to policy making (Chinese model) and a segmented one (by others).

Then Chinese Ambassador Wang Bingnan at Warsaw had claimed in his Memoirs that this information played a very “big role” in Beijing’s final decision to proceed with the operations in the Himalayas. (Page-189, Chapter -7).

The role of the Soviet Union, Khrushchev and the Cuban missile crisis finds a mention in this Section, with references to Soviet flip-flops. But Dr.K does not make a specific point that the then raging Sino – Soviet ideological war may have played any significant role in the Chinese decisions and actions leading to the 1962 war – the point (the cruciality of the Soviet/Russian factor and role) he has made in every other of the three major comparable international conflicts/crises he has elaborated on, namely, the Korean war, the Taiwan Straits crises and the third Vietnam war (“We touched the Tiger’s buttocks”), to exemplify China’s use of armed action as a policy tool in its international relations. (Page-340, Chapter-13).

It needs to be noted though that Dr.K has graphically/gleefully, but briefly, described, in different places, caustic /acerbic exchanges between the Chinese and Soviet leaders and their publications, to show China’s irritation and indignation at different aspects of Indo-Soviet relations. But not as significant factor in China launching the Border War.
The so-called 1961 “Indian Forward Policy/Nehru’s Forward Policy” gets mention, as occasion to quote Mao epigrammatically telling the Central Military Commission (CMC) and top leaders, “a person sleeping in comfortable bed is not easily roused by someone else’s snoring”. (Page 187, Chapter 7). (What or whom, did he have in mind in this allusion?!)

Tibet, Tripartite Agreement and Neville Maxwell’s Thesis”

Neville Maxwell who had made much of this “Forward Policy” as the main reason for “India’s China War”, in his eponymous Book sponsored by the PRC, (he was a State guest in Beijing writing the Book) gets a small foot note reference (Serial # 7, Page-545, Notes), in the early tracing of the history of the Simla Tripartite negotiations leading to the McMahon Line Agreement (1914), to quote the Emperor’s then Representatives in Calcutta, Lu Hsing – Chi on the Middle Kingdom’s positive attitude to the Simla Meeting; “We must exert muscles to the utmost during this Conference”, (Page-186, Chapter 7)

Dr.K, however fails to note that the main reason for the then Chinese Central Government’s refusal to fully “sign” the Tripartite Agreement was their non acceptance of the border between “Inner” (Sichuan and Yunnan provinces) and “Outer” (present Autonomous Region area) Tibet, and not the India – Tibet segment of the Line, while he elaborates on the significance/ difference in Diplomatic Practice between “initialling” and “signing” an International Agreement.

Though mentioning Tibet in the context of the evolution the McMahon Line aspect of the border dispute, Dr.K briefly refers to HH the Dalai Lama (DL) taking asylum in India in 1959 in this Section, only to the extent of China beginning “to treat the issue of demarcation line increasingly in strategic terms”, not as a significant trigger for the Border War China launched three and a half years later. (Page 187, Chapter 7).

There is an amazing passage of brutal frankness, in a book replete with breath-taking dialogue scripts, on the 1959 Tibetan Revolt and the D.L’s escape – a verbatim record of a macabre exchange between Mao and Khrushchev during the latter’s visit to Beijing in October, 1959, that has to be highlighted . (Page-171, Chapter-6)

Three Mao quotes given by Dr.K in this Section on India – China 1962 War are worth reproducing, as they unambiguously establish the “malice aforethought” of Mao to unleash the War on India, as supplementary Diplomacy, with meticulous preparedness.
(i)“You (perhaps referring Nehru) wave a gun, and I will wave a gun. We will stand face to face and can each practice our courage.” Mao defined it as policy of “armed coexistence” (to the CMC – page 188, Chapter-7).
(ii) “Lack of forbearance in small matters upsets great plans. We must pay attention to the situation”. (to the CMC – Page 188, Chapter-7)
(iii) “We fought a war with old Chiang (Kai-shek). We fought a war with Japan, and with America. With none of these did we fear. And in each case we won. Now the Indians want to fight a war with us. Naturally, we don’t have fear. We cannot give ground, once we give ground it would be tantamount to letting them seize a big piece of land equivalent to Fujian province……Since Nehru sticks his head out and insists on us fighting him, for us not to fight with him would not be friendly enough. Courtesy emphasizes reciprocity”.(In early October 1962 – “to assembled Chinese leaders to announce the final decision, which was for war” – Page 190, Chapter-7)

Other Aspects of Indian Interest

It is somewhat disappointing for the Indian observer that Dr.K. had not found time and space to cover China – Pakistan relations despite their having been found to be crucial in U.S – China bilateral talks, and had apparently been dealt with as such at top leadership meetings, from two important perspectives, namely, nuclear/missile proliferation and international terrorism, during the Clinton and George W.Bush, Presidencies.(On Terrorism, Dr.K evocatively describes China as an “agnostic bystander” – till America’s “9/11”)

However, all that he has to say on the bilateral, collusive violations of international agreements and commitments on nuclear and missile non proliferation areas by the two “rogue” friends of the U.S. is :–

“Finally, the experience with the “Private” proliferation network of apparently friendly Pakistan with North Korea, Libya, and Iran demonstrates the vast consequences to the international order of the spread of nuclear weapons, even when the proliferating country does not meet the formal criteria of a rogue state.” (Page-496 – Chapter-18).

The following passage from Huang Hua’s harangue to Brzezinski in the segment relating to the third Vietnam War (page 352, Chapter 13) has something India can ponder over, in the light of its so far ineffective responses to Pakistan’s long persisting Low Intensity War strategy, to expose the fallacious perceptions it is based on.
“As for the argument that the Soviet Union would not dare to use conventional arms for fear of nuclear attack from the West, this is only wishful thinking. To base a strategic stance on this thinking is not only dangerous but also unreliable”. (citation # 15, page 352, Chapter 13 and page 555 of Notes ).

The suggestion is that India needs to drastically change the ambiance of bilateral equations in Subcontinent, and gain “strategic space and strategic autonomy”, by appropriate actions and responses to periodic provocations by Pakistan, so that its “all weather friend” China, as ever pragmatic, finds it prudent to read the wisdom of the above quote to its permanently parasitic neighbour – with two small changes, inserting “India” in place of “Soviet Union” and “you” in place of “the West”, as highlighted in passage above.

Four major Historic Occurrences in US-China Relations: Principled?

These figure repeatedly in the context of the four major historic occurrences, marking the evolution of U.S – China bilateral relations, post October 1949, namely; the triangle of U.S – Soviet Union – China, Cold War era and beyond, the tortuous negotiations over Taiwan, the Korean and Vietnam wars, as well as the domestic convulsions engineered by Mao in revolutionary zeal.

Behind the facade of fiery militancy bordering on nuclear war mongering/of “principled” ideological firmness/political toughness/historic Civilizational patience, drawing inspiration from Confucius, Sun Tzu, and so on, the PRC leadership is capable of extreme elasticity and pliability, surpassing the marvels witnessed in the fantastic physical contortions of the famed Chinese Circus Gymnasts.

The only principle of their “Principled stand” is pragmatic achievement of the desired goal, by hook or crook, which may be battle for survival against, or keeping at bay, the Polar Bear time and again, checkmate the U.S. Imperialism in Korea, Vietnam, Taiwan, Southeast Asia, and of late, the East Pacific, or determined pursuit of pulling the country out of backwardness, poverty, towards economic domination of the world.

It looks like the hoary Middle Kingdom Statecraft culture held the concept of “consistency” at arm’s length and use of the ideograph to depict this. Or that it had been banned along the way by Emperor Chin Shi Huang Di, with the writings of Confucius and other Chinese wise men.

Dr.K’s dramatic, ‘blow – by – blow’ account of how the Chinese Leadership desperately sought to settle the crisis precipitated by Fang Lizhi, (China’s Andrei Sakhrov sans the Noble and perhaps the Hydrogen bomb), suddenly seeking refuge in the US Embassy in Beijing with his wife on June 4 1989, fearing the worst to his safety following the Tiananmen (TAM) crack down, is a vivid, “no-holds-barred” play out of most of the above “Chinese characteristics” (pages 428-432, Chapter 15). It is also the high point of the trust Chinese Leaders had in Dr.K and his (brain) power to deliver them from the most awkward of situations (they were many) when he specially undertook this mission (November 1989) as a non official. The passage “At this point Deng got up from his seat and unscrewed the phones between his seat and mine as a symbol that he wanted to talk privately” (page 430) and what followed to a happy, face-saving package deal end, epitomizes the quintessential spirit and substance of Dr.K’s Book, on himself, China, and all in between. Point to note:- When the chips are down, there is no scale to measure the depth of a Chinese climb down.

The Chinese Leadership of all generations practices with consummate success all verbal and physical feints, duplicity, outright lies, wrapped in deliberate studied ambiguity, grandstanding calls for World Revolutions against Imperialism, Revisionism, Hegemonism, Brinkmanship in readiness to risk nuclear war annihilation, as a tool of blackmail, and so on, to achieve well planned, meticulously executed, long-range objectives of domination, even from an intrinsically weak position – Wei Qi style.

The “Chinese characteristics”- the world should take note of:

The known history of the 1962 India-China Border War, and the “unknown” developments in this area of the past three decades since the resumption of the dialogue between the two countries, post the 1962 War hiatus, (dealt with in detail elsewhere in this Paper), are the close-to-home, hurtful, demonstration of these “Chinese Characteristics”.

Most of the time they have succeeded in pulling the wool over the eyes of “friends” as well as “foes” at the given point of time. (many times the same entity is simultaneously invested with both the roles and dealt with).

PRC’s ‘cohort’-ing with impunity with “rogue”countries and their discredited leaders, shunned by most the world at a given point of time, like those of Sudan, Zimbabwe, Ethiopia, Somalia, Cambodia, Myanmar and many despots of later America, inter alias for crass material benefits like access to oil and other commodities, or for diplomatic purposes, uniquely sets them apart as unafraid of isolation or widespread unpopularity. Eventually they have the last laugh.

There have been, inevitably, a few misfires and failures, in this approach, and the PRC has taken the tumble, at times grievous hurt, on the chin, and continued to march forward.

Now the Chinese involvement with Col. Gaddafi in Libya and the temporary set-back in their oil fortunes there are the latest illustration. Their cozy relationship with Bangladesh after a short interregnum, despite their support to the hilt to Pakistani suppression in the East, prior to and during 1981 war, is another classic of adroit, nimble footwork, turning 180 degrees, sans any qualms.

All along, the Chinese Leadership has demonstrated extraordinary capacity to mobilize resources, man power, material and what have you, on a stupendous scale, and concentrate these to tackle the tasks on hand, be it the Korean War, Taiwan Straits crises, border show downs with the Soviets in Siberia, or the ill-conceived, force-marching of the country to instant economic Utopia, through the Great Leap Forward steroid administration, the Societal Purification and perpetual Revolution sought in the GPCR and dazzling achievements in putting up modern Infrastructure show pieces or disconcerting cyber attacks on strategic assets of countries all over the world with uncanny ease which can poise them to the role of Hitler of the future e-universe.

Aggressive Postures of Chinese Diplomacy:

To illustrate (one of many) the confidence and aggressive facet of Chinese diplomacy, even when in a hole of relative weakness, Dr.K cites detailed accounts of meetings of not only Deng, but also of second tier leaders like Foreign Minister Huang Hua, where they passionately hector his successor NSA, Zbig. Brzezinski, on the wrong line of policy and approach, in their view, adopted by the U.S towards the Soviet Union, (in the backdrop of the 3rd Vietnam War) which, inter alias allowed the Soviets various concessions in areas of trade and technology, instead of putting military pressure on it, that would rebound to haunt the U.S. through competition and challenge in future (Page 351- 353 Chapter 13).

It is ironic that, now, the shoe is on the other foot. The accommodative policy adopted by the U.S towards China in the past two decades, 1990-2010, in trade and technology transfer areas, have made China a major challenge to U.S, while the Soviet Union had withered away.
Throughout the Book Dr.K gives invaluable insights into the PRC and CPC inner working, and thought – cum – decision-making processes at the highest levels from extensively researched authentic records, mostly of U.S provenance, but also plenty of Chinese and Soviet origin. It is felt that China watching scholars and diplomats will reap adequate dividends if they strive to access similar archival records of Albania, under Enver Hoxha / Mehmet Shehu the only country which PRC/CPC had kept close relations with during its decades of “revolutionary” isolation, including the domestically turbulent GPCR years, when it strove to be the center / leader of World Revolution and Communist Orthodoxy. In particular, significant keys to the mystery of Lin Piao’s death and the rise and fall of the Gang of Four may be available here.

“Insistent Posture” of the Chinese:

The most important take for me personally from Dr.K’s Book, in dealing with China is the phrase “Insistent Posture” (IP). This occurs obscurely (Page 508) in the last brilliant Chapter-18, “The New Millennium”, in the context of Dr.K comprehensively analyzing a December, 2010 seminal, authoritative Statement on PRC Foreign Policy by State Councillor Dai Bingguo in its multifaceted aspects. It has apparently been used by the “Triumphalist” school in the ongoing “The National Destiny Debate”, exemplified by two very popular, “deeply nationalistic” Books, “China is Unhappy”, a 2009 collection of essays, and “China Dream” a 2010 publication by PLA Senior Colonel Liu Mingfu, both of which advocate that China should stand up and follow aggressive measures “to become the number one in the world”. One ostensible purpose of Dai Bingguo is to distance the PRC leadership from this popular, almost militarist posture, carry conviction with and reassure the world about the bonafides of the Official policy, namely, “peaceful rise” – since revised to “peaceful development” – and “harmonious world”. (Pages 504 onwards, Chapter-18).

All the above three offerings have been expertly summarized and analyzed by Dr.K, with appreciable objectivity and thoroughness, as well as realism of an American strategic thinker. Hence, one should refrain from seeking to gild the lily, as it were, but recommend that this Chapter should be read in full, along with the succeeding, equally brilliant, “Epilogue”, where, after drawing parallel from the developments leading to World War-I, with the help of a U.K. diplomatic study, “The Crowe Memorandum”, he weighs in, ever so gently, in favour of a non-confrontationist development of U.S – China relations, in future, in the face of real, strong, inevitable challenges.

I have plumbed that “Insistent Posture” should be the watch word hereafter which should guide India’s approach to all aspects of bilateral relations with the PRC.

Obiter on India – China relations The Indian Public Should be taken into Confidence:

The nitty-gritty of the post Nehru era India – China border dispute negotiations have been marked by near total secrecy. This has been plainly proven to be purposeless, self-defeating, counterproductive, and arguably much worse. This has given rise to lot of unhealthy speculation about various proposals proffered by either side.

One of these is a “swap”, attributed to different Chinese Leaders including Mao, Chou, Deng, at different points of time. In essence this amounted to a Chinese offer that they would allow India to keep the disputed area in the Eastern sector, in return for India’s acceptance of the Chinese claims in the Western (Ladakh) sector.

Dr.K’s Book refers to this Swap in suitably authentic tone, as having been offered by Chou Enlai, and its non acceptance by India, without however any specific official level citation at this point (page 187, Chapter 7). Other references allude to this subject else were in the Book in general terms, basing on the secondary source, Mr John Garver.

Ambassador C.V.Ranganathan Book, “India and China, The Way Ahead”, second edition, 2004, (herein after referred to as “CVR – ICWA”), gives strong credence to this thesis, with a detailed narrative of the 1979 talks in Beijing between Deng and the visiting then Indian External Affairs Minister, Mr. Vajpayee, wherein the Swap had figured (Pages 166 – 168, CVR – ICWA). No documentary authority has however been cited. The narrative also shies away from authoritatively spelling out details of the Swap. It however avers that India rejected the PRC proposals on Constitutional legal, technical grounds, again without citing any authority.

“CVR – ICWA” nevertheless speculates that difficulties envisaged in “selling” any line of territorial compromise to the Indian public to settle the Border issue would be electoral hot potato. Does this mean that India just kept mum without any response, beyond, “Sorry we cannot accept this for domestic political reasons”?. Or they discussed their problems with their counterparts, in whatever fashion, but had chosen to hide it from the Indian public?

Whichever way, even if essentially correct, this premise is a totally fallacious, escapist, if not a “cop-out”, showing poor appreciation and judgement of the dynamics of India’s domestic polity.

India’s relations with the PRC is one area which can be safely postulated as extrinsic to, and fairly well insulated from the vagaries of domestic electoral politics, which can be safely kept that way unless violently mishandled.

Whatever the assessed obstacles, these will not go away with time, but only assume more dangerous dimensions, eventually bringing greater grief to the country, through the tactics of “seeping aggression” being successfully pursued by the PRC, through more frequent, enlarging, and growingly emphatic references to their claims to Tawang and “South Tibet”, which had not been seen till recently.

Recently, there was an article in Chinese media in which the author discussed in detail the relative merits of China handing over to India areas claimed by it in the Eastern Sector (Arunachal Pradesh), in return for India agreeing to China’s retention of the area under its occupation in the Ladakh Sector (Aksai Chin).

Probably for the first time, this author claimed at length that Chairman Mao had himself convincingly advanced in detail (obviously before his death) the strategic advantages of China retaining Aksai Chin, compared to lesser purchase in keeping Arunachal Pradesh. This seemed to indicate the existence of an ongoing debate, or its recrudescence, on the subject within China and a serious attempt being made by some section of the leadership to gain wider acceptance among the country’s population for this move, in the face of internal opposition.

This clearly calls for India to have a goal and a strategy to take advantage of such debates in China by appropriate, adroit modifications in negotiating positions / postures.

India Should produce a White paper on Border Negotiations:

In view of these developments, it is time that Government of India sets all speculation on this at rest without further delay, with an authentic, comprehensive report on Border negotiations held so far since 1963-1964, on the lines of the White Papers published prior to 1963 events. Simultaneously, Government of India should make public every aspect of what all has transpired in bilateral negotiations between the two countries covering all subjects, beyond the Border Dispute too.

The paradox and contrast with Government of India in keeping its “Aam Admi”( general public ) in total darkness on momentous external relations issues affecting national security, thereby denying itself the strength and support of the masses, needs to be taken note of and corrected.

Issue of River Waters:

There is a special urgency to do this immediately in respect of negotiations on the exploitation of waters of international rivers flowing out of Tibet for which both the Governments have constituted the “India – China Expert Level Mechanism on Trans – Border Rivers” which holds annual meetings.

The potential long-term adverse effects of the River Waters issue are much more damaging to the future of the Nation and its population, than even the dispute over Border territorial claims, whose (mis) handling over the years has proved dangerous enough to National security. The absence so far of any meaningful detailed disclosures on this subject, covering Government of India’s attitude and actions, if any, as well as PRC’s responses, if any, evoke an eerie, nightmarish feeling of replay of the Border dispute tragedy of the 1954 – 1962 vintage.

In the absence of more detailed information, the PM’s recent statement on the River Waters, in the current Parliament Session, gives the impression that Government of India may be following a wrong course of action intending to domestically down play the problems with the PRC, in the misplaced assessment that this is either necessary, or will lead to maintaining over all, friction – free, “friendly” relations with the PRC. If so, there has been a culpable failure to learn the lessons from the tragic experiences of Mr.Nehru which led to his refusal to a January, 7 1963 oral message of Chou Enlai requesting to meet personally and discuss the six (Non-Aligned Movement) nation Colombo proposals, with the observation “matters are gone too far and the people of India could not be persuaded to accept Chinese ‘bluff and nonsense’ any more”. (Pages 99 – 101 of India’s CDA in Beijing, Dr.P.K.Banerjee Memoirs of the Chinese Invasion of India).

White papers published by Government of India on the 1962 War graphically show the background for Mr.Nehru’s above frustration. That it is fatal to second guess PRC’s intentions and meanings from their cleverly ambiguous statements, especially from a self-induced, preconceived naive mind-set, resulting in make-believe or wishful interpretations of what one wants to see and hear, rather than nailing the PRC in writing on what they had specifically intended or wanted say.

Two letters exchanged between the two Prime Ministers, one of Mr Nehru dated May, 22, 1959 where he sought it interpret Chou Enlai on having accepted the McMahon Line during his visit to India in January, 1957 (letter written after a lapse of two years after the visit!) and Chou Enlai’s flat contradiction of the same in his reply dated September, 8, 1959 are prime examples of the failure to adopt the methodology of “Insistent Posture” (refer Para 73).

An extract of Diplomatic Note dated 31 May 1962 by the Chinese Foreign Ministry to the Indian Embassy in Beijing at Appendix – II is another shining illustration of the dangers of the preconceived mind-set in dealing with the PRC (Page-142, CVR – ICWA).

There was no Dr.K in the 1950s to wise up the world with experience to share in dealing with latter-day Middle Kingdom Mandarins who have carried the same Imperial DNA for millennia, mutated for good measure with dyed – in – the wool , Marxist – Leninist Revolutionary ambitions.

Government of India will be well advised even now to go over with fine tooth comb what all have been officially exchanged with the PRC, on the subject of River Waters, what replies the PRC had given in writing, including the record of exchanges at annual meetings of Experts. ( hopefully they are comprehensive.

The Concept of “Line of Actual Control”:

The Line of Actual Control (LAC) is a crucial concept, which unfortunately has remained only that, for decades now, in India – China Border negotiations. The PRC has successfully evaded giving any meaningful idea of their version of this LAC, in spite of undertaking to do so in solemn bilateral undertakings in Agreements signed by Heads of States and Governments of the two countries periodically. Absence “Insistent Posture” on Government of India’s part, the PRC has merrily gotten away without giving any concrete description of the LAC, so that they can draw it any time in future South of Tawang and tell Government of India that they have never said anything contradictory before officially and they cannot be proven wrong. And they will get Neville Maxwells of 21st century (perhaps some Indians too!) to paint them as paragons of all Celestial virtues, attributed to Confucius, Sun Tzu etc.

Singularity and Exceptionalism:

Dr.K devotes time and space in the Book to highlight China’s “Singularity” and “Exceptionalism”. One salient aspect emphasized is the great influence of China’s ancient Civilizational history, Culture, and writings of Philosophers like Confucius, Sun Tzu as the bedrock and guiding force throughout the many millennia, to the cataclysmic contemporary developments of 20th/21st Century, and the strength and sustenance Mao and his successors had drawn from this, to the extent of even using the same ancient elliptical, allegoric, epigrammatic, vague circumlocutory verbiage to hide and fudge, so as to thrive and succeed.

India too has a great History:

India has also been blessed with ancient history and civilization and great philosophers and thinkers whose teachings had served generations of Rulers and the Ruled for millennia. Except that in Indian case there seems to be a disastrous break in the past couple of centuries under British colonialism, and contemporary Rulers seem unaware of and unwilling to draw strength, sustenance and guidance from their Heritage, in meaningful, practical ways.
This is an important point to ponder over while learning from the successful Chinese experience, so rivetingly told in the Book by the master practitioner of International Diplomacy.
Another noteworthy/mentionable fact is that the PRC has been most successful in educating and sensitizing the entire country without significant distinction among populations in rural and urban areas, on the major aspects of its Foreign Policies and external relations with important countries at any given point of time, (dealt with in the Book), both in broad strategic long-term perspective and nuances, as well as immediate tactical moves, as situations develop, so as to be able to demonstrate massive support on the street, especially when it concerns countries like Japan, Soviet Union, Vietnam and the U.S.

Even allowing for the differences in the systems of government, control over media etc., this gulf is a major, self-inflicted failure which is regrettably and totally unjustified.
(The writer is a former chief of India’s External Intelligence Agency)

Dr. Kissinger's diplomatic initiatives had totally failed the US Policy in Southeast Asia. Communist China remains a huge military threat in this region and United States had failed in its mission to curb the expansion of Communist Power. — Dr. Kissinger’s diplomatic initiatives had totally failed the US Policy in Southeast Asia. Communist China remains a huge military threat in this region and United States had failed in its mission to curb expansion of Communist Power.

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION

Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance Vs Human Evolution. The Concept of Whole Mendelism #WholeMendelism Vs Darwinism:

The origin of Man or the Beginning of Man as a new form of Life may have a basis that lies outside the operation of natural causes. Mendelism, ‘The Theory of Heredity’ formulated by Gregor Mendel provides the insights to study the problem of man’s origin.

On the basis of Mendelism, it can be said that man did not descend from Primates and is not truly related to other members of Hominid Family. Man’s relationship with other zoological species has to be explained on the basis of reproductive history and inheritance of biological traits.

I coined the phrase “Whole Mendelism” #WholeMendelism to claim that the man recognized as the Anatomically Modern Man, the species named Homo sapiens, sapiens arrived on planet Earth due to a special act of creation.

There are no natural conditions, no natural factors, no natural mechanisms, no natural processes, and no natural causes to transform any of previously existing members of Hominid Family to establish the reality of the modern man. To make the transition from an old species to a new species which is often called ‘EVOLUTION’ or ‘DARWINISM’, the breeding interactions of species involved must operate according to the Laws of Inheritance discovered by Gregor Johann Mendel, the Father of Genetics.

In this article, I would like to describe the Laws of Inheritance and the problems that I encounter to verify Darwinism while using the Mendelian Principles of Heredity and Variation. For example, if evolutionary biologists or anthropologists claim that anatomically modern human species or its immediate ancestral species had reproduced with archaic hominids such as Neanderthals, the human genome has to include one complete ‘Haploid’ set of chromosomes normally occurring in the mature germ cell called egg or sperm which means 22 chromosomes(Autosomes), and 1 X or Y chromosome(Sex chromosome) derived exclusively from the Neanderthal genome. Secondly, the human population must include a few members that can be clearly identified as Neanderthal.

THE ORIGIN AND EXTINCTION OF SPECIES:

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : AFTER THE ORIGIN OF LIFE ON EARTH FOR A VERY, VERY LONG TIME( ABOUT 3.5 BILLION YEARS) IT COMPRISED OF SIMPLER FORMS OF LIFE . SUDDENLY, ABOUT 600 MILLION YEARS AGO NUMEROUS MARINE CREATURES ARRIVED TO CAUSE AN "EXPLOSION OF LIFE." — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: AFTER THE ORIGIN OF LIFE ON EARTH FOR A VERY, VERY LONG TIME( ABOUT 3.5 BILLION YEARS) IT COMPRISED OF SIMPLER FORMS OF LIFE. SUDDENLY, ABOUT 600 MILLION YEARS AGO NUMEROUS MARINE CREATURES ARRIVED TO CAUSE AN “EXPLOSION OF LIFE.”

It will be interesting to note that a vast majority of species found on Earth have emerged suddenly and have disappeared suddenly. For example, Cambrian, first geologic Period in the Paleozoic Era witnessed sudden emergence of a great variety of marine animals especially trilobites and brachiopods about 600 million years ago. This “Explosion of Life” is aptly named ‘Cambrian Explosion’. Similarly, towards the end of Cretaceous Period, third geologic Period of the Mesozoic Era and the beginning of Tertiary Period of the Cenozoic Era, about 65 million years ago, a global extinction event called K-T Event was responsible for eliminating approximately 80 percent of all species of animals. Dinosaurs which reached maximum development became extinct while new forms of life appeared with new hereditary traits.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THESE DEEP SEA CREATURES OF ATLANTIC OCEAN, LAMELLIBRACHIA LUYMESI, TUBE WORMS, INVERTEBRATES BELONG TO PHYLUM ANNELIDA LIVE ON THE OCEAN FLOOR ALONG HYDROCARBON VENTS. TUBE WORMS TAKE 170 TO 250 YEARS TO GROW AND HAVE SURVIVED AS A SPECIES WITHOUT CONCERN FOR CHANGING TIMES. — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: THESE DEEP SEA CREATURES OF ATLANTIC OCEAN, LAMELLIBRACHIA LUYMESI, TUBE WORMS, INVERTEBRATES BELONG TO PHYLUM ANNELIDA LIVE ON THE OCEAN FLOOR ALONG HYDROCARBON VENTS. TUBE WORMS TAKE 170 TO 250 YEARS TO GROW AND HAVE SURVIVED AS A SPECIES WITHOUT CONCERN FOR CHANGING TIMES SINCE PRECAMBRIAN ERA.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : DARWINISM CANNOT ACCOUNT FOR SUDDEN APPEARANCE OF A VARIETY OF MARINE LIFE FORMS IN AN EVENT CALLED 'CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION' ABOUT 570 MILLION YEARS AGO . GEODUCK, BIVALVE CLAMS ARE AMONG THE OLDEST ANIMALS IN THE WORLD WITH LIFESPANS OF ABOUT 146 TO 160 YEARS . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: DARWINISM CANNOT ACCOUNT FOR SUDDEN APPEARANCE OF A VARIETY OF MARINE LIFE FORMS IN AN EVENT CALLED ‘CAMBRIAN EXPLOSION’ ABOUT 570 MILLION YEARS AGO. PANOPEA GENEROSA, GEODUCK(NATIVE AMERICAN CHINOOK NAME), BIVALVE, WORLD’S LARGEST BURROWING SALT WATER CLAMS FOUND IN THE US PUGET SOUND ARE AMONG THE OLDEST ANIMALS IN THE WORLD WITH LIFESPANS OF ABOUT 146 TO 160 YEARS.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY EXTINCTION EVENT ABOUT 65 MILLION YEARS AGO WIPED OUT APPROXIMATELY 80 PERCENT OF ALL SPECIES OF ANIMALS INCLUDING A GREAT VARIETY OF DINOSAURS . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: CRETACEOUS-TERTIARY EXTINCTION EVENT ABOUT 65 MILLION YEARS AGO WIPED OUT APPROXIMATELY 80 PERCENT OF ALL SPECIES OF ANIMALS INCLUDING A GREAT VARIETY OF DINOSAURS.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : DARWINISM CANNOT EXPLAIN EITHER THE EMERGENCE OF NEW SPECIES OR EXTINCTION OF OLD SPECIES. NATURAL FACTORS, NATURAL CONDITIONS, NATURAL MECHANISMS , AND NATURAL CAUSES CANNOT FULLY ACCOUNT FOR EXTINCTION OF THE LARGE-BODIED ICE AGE MAMMALS SUCH AS WOOLLY RHINOCEROS, WOOLY MAMMOTHS, MASTODONS, AND SABERTOOTH CARNIVORES . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: DARWINISM CANNOT EXPLAIN EITHER THE EMERGENCE OF NEW SPECIES OR EXTINCTION OF OLD SPECIES. NATURAL FACTORS, NATURAL CONDITIONS, NATURAL MECHANISMS, AND NATURAL CAUSES CANNOT FULLY ACCOUNT FOR EXTINCTION OF THE LARGE-BODIED ICE AGE MAMMALS SUCH AS WOOLLY RHINOCEROS, WOOLY MAMMOTHS, MASTODONS, AND SABERTOOTH CARNIVORES.

In Darwinism, new species arise when, among the varieties of an existing species, certain intermediate forms become extinct, and the other circumstances are such that the surviving varieties now become more sharply separated from one another in type, and are able to reproduce their kind, and, in the course of many generations of interbreeding, also tend to breed true. This ‘Theory of Evolution’ is not consistent with Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance and Variation. The Unit Character called ‘GENE’ conserves its identity during the process of reproduction which could be either ‘Inbreeding’, or ‘Interbreeding’. A species is always known by its reproductive history for the Unit Characters or Genes get propagated to the next generation during both inbreeding and interbreeding process.

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL(1822-1884), THE FATHER OF GENETICS. AT THE AUGUSTINIAN MONASTERY IN BRNO (1843-1868), HE CONDUCTED OVER 29,000 BREEDING EXPERIMENTS CHIEFLY ON GARDEN PEAS (PISUM SATIVUM).

Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884), Austrian monk noted for his experimental work on Heredity. At the Augustinian monastery in Brno (1843-1868) he conducted experiments chiefly on Garden Peas (Pisum sativum) using a controlled pollination technique and a careful statistical analysis of his results. He produced the first accurate and scientific explanation of ‘Hybridization’. Some evolutionary geneticists and evolutionary anthropology scholars have shared opinions claiming that the ‘hybridization’ of unknown, ancestral Homo sapiens with other species of the genus Homo such as Neanderthals, and Denisova may have resulted in the production of the anatomically modern humans (Homo sapiens sapiens). Their views on the blending of hereditary factors are not supported by Mendel’s classic experiments in Hybridization. According to Mendel, inheritance is particulate. Distinct genetic factors combine to produce a certain somatic result without losing their separate identities. They can, therefore, be reassorted and enter into new genetic combinations in the next generation. The hypothesis of Hybridized Anatomically Modern (HAM) humans is fundamentally inconsistent with the Laws of Inheritance discovered by Mendel. If modern man is a product of Hybridization, the present, surviving human population would include a few surviving members of Neanderthals, Denisova, and other ancestral hominids who successfully reproduced with an unknown, ancestral Homo sapiens species which got transformed into ‘HAM’ humans.

THE LAW OF BIOGENESIS AND THE LAW OF NATURAL GENERATION:

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : HUMAN CHROMOSOMES AND HUMAN IDENTITY . MAN REPRODUCES AND FURTHER PROPAGATES HIS CHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE ACCORDING TO THE LAW OF BIOGENESIS AND THE LAW OF NATURAL GENERATION . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: DIPLOID SET OF HUMAN CHROMOSOMES AND HUMAN GENOTYPE. MAN REPRODUCES AND FURTHER PROPAGATES HIS CHROMOSOMAL INHERITANCE ACCORDING TO THE LAW OF BIOGENESIS AND THE LAW OF NATURAL GENERATION. HUMAN OFFSPRING WILL ALWAYS BE OF THE SAME SPECIES AS THE PARENT ORGANISM. THE TERM GENOME DESCRIBES THE SET OF GENES CHARACTERISTIC OF EACH SPECIES.

The term ‘Generation’ means to produce offspring. The term ‘Propagation’ means to transmit hereditary characteristics by reproduction. The Law of Biogenesis states the Principle that living organisms originate only from other living organisms closely similar to themselves. It is ‘The Law of Like Generating Like’. A species always breeds true to its own species. Its members always generate organisms which are classified as belonging to the same species, however much they vary among themselves as individuals within the group. The sub-groups, the races, or varieties of species are able to breed with one another, but diverse species cannot interbreed. By the Law of Natural Generation, offspring will always be of the same species as the parent organism. Hence, species is self-perpetuating and maintain the stability of all other groupings like the genera, phyla, and families which remain as fixed from generation to generation. In Plant and the Animal Kingdom, a species distinguishes itself by its ability to maintain its stability from generation to generation. The Mendelian System of Heredity states that an inherited characteristic is determined by the combination of two hereditary units(now called genes), one from each of the parental reproductive cells or gametes(Sperm and Egg Cell). The term genome describes the complete haploid set of chromosomes of a sexually reproducing organism normally occurring in mature germ cell called egg or sperm. This number of chromosomes is characteristic of each species. Every human being arrives on planet Earth with an original, unique, distinctive, and one of its own kind of genome that has never, ever existed in the past, and would never exist again in the future. Sexual reproduction is a creative process which involves a type of cell division called ‘MEIOSIS’ that results in the production of Sperm or Egg Cell. Fertilization of egg cell by sperm always creates a new kind of genome while the number of chromosomes(Diploid set) that is the chief attribute of species is held constant.

THE ORIGIN OR THE BEGINNING OF ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS:

To explain the Origin of Man, The Beginning of Man on the basis of Darwinism, demands the presence of two, identical, rare, mutant individuals(a male, and a female) to produce offspring and to establish an entirely new, modern human population in all geographical regions of the Old World. About 10, 000 years ago, modern humans may have shared the planet with a few surviving members of Neanderthals and other hominid species. Techniques of DNA extraction and genomic sequencing have advanced and find application in the understanding of the genus Homo. The claims about Hybridization of archaic humans such as Neanderthals with Homo sapiens find support from DNA studies of the current, members of the human population as compared to DNA sequences extracted from Neanderthal fossils. But those shared genetic traits are not of major significance and do not account for the morphological appearance of either Neanderthal or modern man. At the same time, it may be noted that 30 – 35, 000 years ago, Neanderthals disappeared from the fossil record. Similarly, Hominid Denisova, discovered in the Altai Mountains, Southern Siberia lived 41, 000 years ago. Homo sapiens floresiensis(Flores Man) of Indonesia suddenly disappeared 12, 000 years ago. Hominid Red Deer discovered in China lived 14.5 to 11.5 thousand years ago. To make a credible claim about interbreeding between Neanderthals and Homo sapiens, we need to demonstrate the presence of traits characteristic of Homo sapiens in the DNA extracted from Neanderthal fossil specimens. It will be correct to claim that from Holocene Epoch or Series, approximately for the last 10, 000 years, modern humans constitute the only surviving members of the Hominid Family found on planet Earth.

Charles Darwin uses the term species to signify “a set of individuals closely resembling each other” – a class of plants or animals having certain characteristics. The French naturalist George Louis Leclerc Comte de Buffon(1707-1788) in his monumental compendium on Natural History(Histoire Naturelle General et Particuliere, 44 Volumes, 1749-1804) described the man as a zoological species. Buffon determined species not by their physical appearances but by their reproductive history. Two individual animals or plants are of the same species if they can produce fertile offspring. According to Buffon, a species is known only through the history of its propagation. Buffon opened the way to the development of Paleontology to discover lost species. The status of the Anatomically Modern Humans as a distinct species is verified as human populations consist of members that are genetically similar, interbreeding or potentially interbreeding individuals that share the same collection of inherited characteristics, whose combination is unique to our species. Diverse species cannot interbreed. Organisms different in species cannot reproduce productively and if crossbred, like the horse and the ass, they produce a sterile hybrid like the mule. Hybrid is the term for the offspring of a cross between two different subspecies or species. In Genetics, the hybrid is the term for the offspring of parents differing in any genetic characteristic. Interbreeding or Hybridization means to produce offspring by crossing two individuals of unlike genetic constitution. The offspring of different races, varieties, species, etc., are called ‘hybrids’. If Neanderthal is one of the parents of Anatomically Modern Humans, the identity of the second Hominid parent has to be ascertained, and the characteristics of that parent are accounted for using Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance. The social and cultural behavior of anatomically modern man consistently displays a tendency that prefers and encourages ‘inbreeding’. The prevailing social and cultural norms of human society, in general, tend to oppose sexual behavior that may be identified as ‘interbreeding’. In the selection of a mate for breeding, the anatomically modern man prefers an individual who closely resembles the members of his/her own stock.

The concept of Hybridized Anatomically Modern(HAM) humans cannot be verified in the absence of any surviving members of Neanderthal, Denisova, or other Hominid population with whom the modern man may have reproduced about 10, 000 years ago.

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE :

Mendel demonstrated the inheritance patterns through breeding experimentations. He discovered in 1866 hereditary factors or “genes” whose existence he deduced without seeing them. Mendel’s statistical analysis of his data provided the mathematical basis for modern Genetics. There are four principles of hereditary phenomenon discovered and formulated by Mendel:

1. The Law of Independent Unit Characters which states that characters such as height, color, etc., are inherited separately as Units,

2. The Law of Segregation which states that body cells and primordial germ cells contain pairs of such Unit Characters and that when gametes (Sperm or Egg Cell) are produced, each gamete receives only one member of each such pair,

3. The Law of Dominance which states that in every individual there is a pair of determining factors for each Unit Character, one from each parent, if these factors are different (heterozygous), one Character (the Dominant) appears in the organism, the other (Recessive) being latent; the Recessive Character can appear in the organism only when the Dominant is absent; hence in all crossbred generations, Unit Characters are shown in varying combinations, each appearing in a definite proportion of the total number of offspring, and

4. The Law of Independent Assortment which states that any one pair of Characters is inherited independently, notwithstanding the simultaneous transmission of other traits. This Law is modified by the discovery of Linkage and Pleiotropy. Linkage describes the tendency of some genes to remain together and act as a Unit or Linkage Group. In Inheritance, the Linkage Group of genes are generally found in the same chromosome. Pleiotropy is the condition in which a single gene exerts simultaneous effects on more than one character in the offspring.

ABOUT GENETICS AND THE CONSTANCY OF GENETIC CODE

Genetics is an important aspect of many areas of Biology. Genetics helps in the study and identification of specific types of organisms; research in Molecular Genetics involves studies on chemical structure and functions of genes at the molecular level; Cyto Genetics studies location of genetic material in cells and the role of genes in cell division; Developmental Genetics studies the genetic function in embryological phenomena; Behavior Genetics studies the role of gene in regulating behavior; Population Genetics studies genetics in relation to the “evolutionary” process. Medical Genetics involves the application of genetic principles to the practice of Medicine such as the study of inheritance of diseases in families. Genetic factors cause many health disorders affecting man. Some human diseases are entirely genetic in origin and environmental factors play little if any part. This group of genetic disorders includes chromosomal abnormalities and so-called “Unifactorial Disorders” which are due to single gene defects or Mendelian factors. There are over 3 thousand of such unifactorial disorders. The mode of inheritance of such disorders is straight forward and follows Mendelian Principles. Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance have their practical applications in Medical Genetics. However, the use of Mendel’s Principles in Population Genetics to verify The Theory of Evolution is highly controversial because of the speculative postulates about the transformation of old species into a new species. Several single-celled Blue-Green algae, plankton, microbes, viruses, protozoans, insects, crocodiles, turtles, sharks, and other organisms are known to be existing upon Earth from billions to several millions of years. The unchanging genetic code in all past and present members of these long-lived species permit the genes to have the same effects on their carriers from generation to generation. Because of the constancy of the genetic code, we can identify the existence of individual species which maintain their species-specific traits as per Mendelian Principles. There are numerous kinds of longest living species on Earth and their identification is possible because of their genetic codes have essentially remained unchanged.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THE CONSTANCY OF THE GENETIC CODE . BLUE-GREEN ALGAE, CYANOBACTERIA MAINTAIN THEIR SPECIES-SPECIFIC TRAITS FOR BILLIONS OF YEARS . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: THE CONSTANCY OF THE GENETIC CODE. BLUE-GREEN ALGAE, CYANOBACTERIA MAINTAIN THEIR SPECIES-SPECIFIC TRAITS SINCE PRECAMBRIAN TIME, 3,800 TO 700 MILLION YEARS AGO.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : SPONGES ARE INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF THE PHYLUM PORIFERA . SPONGES ARE AMONG THE LONGEST LIVING ANIMAL SPECIES OF EARTH . THEY APPEARED IN CAMBRIAN PERIOD ABOUT 570 MILLION YEARS AGO . ANTARCTIC SPONGE CAN LIVE FOR CENTURIES . OLDEST KNOWN SPONGE ESTIMATED AGE 1, 550 YEARS . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: SPONGES ARE INVERTEBRATE ANIMALS OF THE PHYLUM PORIFERA. SPONGES ARE AMONG THE LONGEST LIVING ANIMAL SPECIES OF EARTH. THEY APPEARED IN CAMBRIAN PERIOD ABOUT 570 MILLION YEARS AGO. ANTARCTIC SPONGE CAN LIVE FOR CENTURIES. OLDEST KNOWN SPONGE ESTIMATED AGE 1, 550 YEARS.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THE CONSTANCY OF THE GENETIC CODE PERMIT THE GENES TO HAVE THE SAME EFFECTS ON THEIR CARRIERS FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION . AMERICAN COCKROACH IS EXISTING ON EARTH FOR MILLIONS OF YEARS . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: THE CONSTANCY OF THE GENETIC CODE PERMIT THE GENES TO HAVE THE SAME EFFECTS ON THEIR CARRIERS FROM GENERATION TO GENERATION. AMERICAN COCKROACH IS EXISTING ON EARTH BASICALLY UNCHANGED FOR 300 MILLION YEARS. MOST ABUNDANT DURING THE CARBONIFEROUS PERIOD DURING WHICH A VARIETY OF INSECTS APPEARED.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS EVOLUTION : ARCTICA ISLANDICA . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: ARCTICA ISLANDICA. OCEAN QUAHOG OR CLAM. MOLLUSKS ARE ORGANISMS WITH SHELLS DATE BACK TO THE CAMBRIAN PERIOD, 500 MILLION YEARS AGO.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THE CONSTANCY OF THE GENETIC CODE GIVES THE ABILITY TO IDENTIFY THE EXISTENCE OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES WHICH MAINTAIN THEIR SPECIES-SPECIFIC TRAITS . OVER MILLIONS OF YEARS, SHARKS HAVE MAINTAINED THEIR MORPHOLOGICAL APPEARANCE . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: THE CONSTANCY OF THE GENETIC CODE GIVES THE ABILITY TO IDENTIFY THE EXISTENCE OF INDIVIDUAL SPECIES WHICH MAINTAIN THEIR SPECIES-SPECIFIC TRAITS. OVER 350 MILLION YEARS, SINCE THE END OF DEVONIAN PERIOD SHARKS, HAVE MAINTAINED THEIR MORPHOLOGICAL APPEARANCE.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : SPHENODON TUATARA . THIS LIZARDLIKE REPTILE OF NEW ZEALAND IS KNOWN AS A LIVING FOSSIL . THIS SPECIES IS IN EXISTENCE FOR ABOUT 200-225 MILLION YEARS . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: SPHENODON TUATARA. THIS LIZARDLIKE REPTILE OF NEW ZEALAND IS KNOWN AS A LIVING FOSSIL. THIS SPECIES IS IN EXISTENCE FOR ABOUT 200-225 MILLION YEARS.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : BASED UPON THEIR UNIQUE GENETIC CODES, ORGANISMS ARE KNOWN TO BE EXISTING UPON EARTH FOR SEVERAL MILLIONS OF YEARS . CROCODILES LIVED ALONG WITH DINOSAURS . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: BASED UPON THEIR UNIQUE GENETIC CODES, ORGANISMS ARE KNOWN TO BE EXISTING UPON EARTH FOR SEVERAL MILLIONS OF YEARS. CROCODILES LIVED ALONG WITH DINOSAURS. ORIGINATED DURING THE LATE TRIASSIC PERIOD 200 MILLION YEARS AGO.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THE ORIGIN OF THE GENETIC CODE IS UNKNOWN . THE VAST MAJORITY OF ORGANISMS BREED WITH OTHER MEMBERS OF THEIR OWN SPECIES PROPAGATING THEIR OWN UNIQUE GENETIC CODES . WE KNOW ABOUT LONG-LIVED ORGANISMS LIKE SEA TURTLES BECAUSE OF THE CONSTANCY OF THEIR GENETIC CODES . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: THE ORIGIN OF THE GENETIC CODE IS UNKNOWN. THE VAST MAJORITY OF ORGANISMS BREED WITH OTHER MEMBERS OF THEIR OWN SPECIES PROPAGATING THEIR OWN UNIQUE GENETIC CODES. WE KNOW ABOUT LONG-LIVED ORGANISMS LIKE SEA TURTLES BECAUSE OF THE CONSTANCY OF THEIR GENETIC CODES. TURTLES ARE IN EXISTENCE FROM THE TRIASSIC PERIOD, 200 MILLION YEARS AGO.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : ALASKA BOWHEAD WHALE . WHALES ORIGINATED IN THE EARLY TERTIARY OR UPPER CRETACEOUS ABOUT 70 MILLION YEARS AGO. — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: ALASKA BOWHEAD WHALE. WHALES ORIGINATED IN THE EARLY TERTIARY OR UPPER CRETACEOUS ABOUT 70 MILLION YEARS AGO.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : MONOTREMES . DUCK-BILLED PLATYPUS ORNITHO RHYNCHUS ANATINUS IS A SPECIES SURVIVING SINCE AUSTRALIAN PLEISTOCENE ABOUT 2 MILLION YEARS AGO. — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: MONOTREMES. DUCK-BILLED PLATYPUS ORNITHO RHYNCHUS ANATINUS IS A SPECIES SURVIVING SINCE AUSTRALIAN PLEISTOCENE ABOUT 2 MILLION YEARS AGO.

While describing Genetics as the area of Biology concerned with the study of inheritance, the process by which certain characteristics or traits of organisms are handed down from parent to offspring, I would like to suggest that a creative mechanism, a creative process or a creative operation could be at work when Genetics accounts for variations in similar or related animals and plants. I would like to emphasize the fact of all organisms existing as Individuals with Individuality. In Nature, living things have no choice other than that of existence as Individuals with Individuality. Even a mob of genetically identical (“CLONES”) colony of bacteria of E. coli are experimentally proved to behave as Individuals with Individuality.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: DOUBLE – HELIX DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID OR DNA IS FOUND IN CHROMOSOMES, THE STRUCTURES FOUND INSIDE THE NUCLEUS OF CELLS OF HIGHER ORGANISMS. THE DNA MOLECULE ALWAYS EXHIBITS INDIVIDUALISTIC VARIATION IN ITS BEHAVIOR.

In higher organisms with cells that contain a Nucleus, the genetic material called DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) is carried by structures known as Chromosomes in the Nucleus, and the cytoplasmic structures are known as Mitochondria. The genetic material called RNA (ribonucleic acid) is found in the Nucleolus (present inside the Nucleus) and structures called Ribosomes found in the Cytoplasm.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THE UNITS OF INHERITANCE ARE KNOWN AS GENES. THE GENES ARE FOUND INSIDE CHROMOSOMES THAT ARE PRESENT IN THE NUCLEUS OF CELLS OF HIGHER ORGANISMS . DNA IS FOUND IN CHROMOSOMES, MITOCHONDRIA, AND RIBOSOMES . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: CELL IS THE BASIC BUILDING BLOCK OF LIVING THINGS. THE UNITS OF INHERITANCE ARE KNOWN AS GENES. THE GENES ARE FOUND INSIDE CHROMOSOMES THAT ARE PRESENT IN THE NUCLEUS OF CELLS OF HIGHER ORGANISMS. DNA, IS FOUND IN CHROMOSOMES, MITOCHONDRIA AND RNA ARE FOUND IN THE NUCLEOLUS AND RIBOSOMES.

The Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis present in the Cytoplasm. DNA interacts with ‘transfer RNA'(t-RNA), ‘Messenger RNA'(m-RNA), and Ribosomal RNA in the process of protein synthesis. The Chromosome is divided into Units called Genes. Each Gene is responsible for a particular trait and hence Gene is the Unit of inheritance. The term ‘allele’ describes either of a pair of genes at the same position on both members of a pair of chromosomes and conveying traits that are inherited by Mendelian Laws. There could be small chemical differences in genes that are expressed as different versions of the same trait (‘alleles’). Each gene is responsible for the manufacture of a particular protein which is involved in the development of a trait associated with it. Each chromosome of each species of higher organisms has a definite number and arrangement of genes which govern the structure and functions of the cells. It is important to note that, while genes are located inside the Nucleus of the cell, the actual protein synthesis occurs in structures called Ribosomes present in the Cytoplasm outside the Nucleus. While we appreciate the role of genes as Units of Inheritance, we should give equal importance to the Living Substance, the Living Material, or the Living Matter called Cytoplasm that is found inside the living cells, outside the Nucleus of the cell. There are basically three classes of Genes: 1. Structural genes which determine the sequences of amino acids that go to make up proteins or the smaller chain of molecules known as polypeptides, 2. Coding genes which specify molecules that function in the processes involved in protein synthesis, and 3. Regulatory genes which are called Noncoding genes for they act solely as “Recognition” sites for enzymes and other proteins involved in controlling protein synthesis.

THE GENETIC CODE AND THE ROLE OF MUTATIONS:

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: GENETIC CODE DESCRIBES THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE COMPOSITION OF DNA AND THAT OF PROTEINS PRODUCED BY GENES.

The Genetic Code describes the relationship between the composition of DNA and that of proteins produced by genes. Genetic Code is the chemical equation by which hereditary information is translated from genes into proteins. Changes in the genetic code are called Mutations. Mutations can cause a change in protein synthesis. In higher organisms, when mutation involves the germ-line cells that eventually develop into sperm or egg cells, the mutation and its consequence of altered protein synthesis are inherited by offspring. A mutation can be minor and relatively insignificant, or it can cause serious deformity or metabolic deficiency in the organism. Most mutations tend to be harmful. Fortunately, a typical gene in higher organisms is segmented and the entire genetic information of a gene is not contained in a single, unbroken strand of DNA molecule. The value of having the genetic code in segments is to reduce the chances of mutations causing harmful changes in protein synthesis. Certain self-repair mechanisms also exist to deal with the damage done to DNA. Very often, the damaged DNA is repaired or the cell carrying the damaged DNA is killed and destroyed. For this reason, it is important to recognize the simple fact of DNA damage associated with mutations irrespective of its cause. The Theory of Evolution proposes that random, unguided, and apparently purposeless mutations lead to gradual changes in a species and eventually lead to its descent as a new species. As per the Theory of Evolution, mutations may bring about three kinds of changes; 1. Changes in the morphological appearance of an organism, 2. Changes in the skeletal and other anatomical structures of an organism, and 3. Changes in the behavior displayed by an organism.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : MUSCLE TWITCH IN FROG MUSCLE EXPERIMENT . MUTATIONS CANNOT ACCOUNT FOR GUIDED, SEQUENTIAL, AND PURPOSEFUL NATURE OF MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS WHICH HAVE SEVERAL CREATIVE APPLICATIONS IN THE NATURAL WORLD . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: MUSCLE TWITCH IN FROG MUSCLE EXPERIMENT. MUTATIONS CANNOT ACCOUNT FOR GUIDED, SEQUENTIAL, AND PURPOSEFUL NATURE OF MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS WHICH HAVE SEVERAL CREATIVE APPLICATIONS IN THE NATURAL WORLD.

In higher organisms, the cells are differentiated to perform special functions. For example, muscle cells have the ability of contraction. This physiological function of contraction is easily demonstrated by applying an electrical stimulus to muscle as done in Muscle Twitch in Frog Experiment. Animals have different abilities of locomotion; some crawl or creep, or slide on a surface, some swim, or move in water, some fly or glide in the air, and others walk, run, climb, and swing in a variety of amazing manners. Whatever may be the mode of locomotion, all animal muscle cells display the same physiological function of contraction. While the physiology remains the same, the muscles of each animal species display individualistic functional characteristics. For mutations are random, unguided, and purposeless, they cannot account for guided, sequential and purposeful nature of muscle contractions which have several creative applications in the natural world.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : CHIMPANZEE AND OTHER APES HAVE 48 CHROMOSOMES WHEREAS MAN HAS ONLY 46 CHROMOSOMES . CHROMOSOMES 2a AND 2b FOUND IN APES IS OF PARTICULAR INTEREST . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: CHIMPANZEE AND OTHER APES HAVE 48 CHROMOSOMES WHEREAS MAN HAS ONLY 46 CHROMOSOMES. CHROMOSOMES 2 a AND 2 b FOUND IN APES ARE OF PARTICULAR INTEREST.

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: WHAT IS GENETIC DRIFT? CAN IT ACCOUNT FOR THE ARRIVAL OF ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS? CAN WE EXPLAIN MAN AS A PRODUCT OF HYBRIDIZATION AND THE PHENOMENON CALLED GENETIC DRIFT?

In ‘Evolution’ the term ‘Genetic Drift is used to describe a random change in gene frequency within a small population, resulting in mutations which regardless of their adaptive value, become fixed within the group. Variations in diet, variations in physical activity, variations in reproductive behavior, and variations in external environmental conditions may contribute to minor variations in ‘allele’ frequencies without transforming an old species into a new species.

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE AND THE MISSING LINK:

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : TAXONOMY IS A BRANCH OF BIOLOGY THAT FORMULATES THE BASIS FOR SYSTEMATIC CATEGORIZATION OF ORGANISMS INTO CATEGORIES SUCH AS PHYLUM(OR DIVISION), CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, SUB-FAMILY, GENUS, AND SPECIES . WITHIN THE GENUS HOMO SAPIENS, ANATOMICALLY MODERN MAN IS UNIQUE, AND DISTINCT FOR HUMAN NATURE STANDS BY ITSELF . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: TAXONOMY IS A BRANCH OF BIOLOGY THAT FORMULATES THE BASIS FOR SYSTEMATIC CATEGORIZATION OF ORGANISMS INTO CATEGORIES SUCH AS PHYLUM(OR DIVISION), CLASS, ORDER, FAMILY, SUB-FAMILY, GENUS, AND SPECIES. WITHIN THE GENUS HOMO SAPIENS, ANATOMICALLY MODERN MAN IS UNIQUE, AND DISTINCT FOR HUMAN NATURE STANDS BY ITSELF.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : CHIMPANZEE IS NOT THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN MAN AND ANIMAL . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: CHIMPANZEE IS NOT THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN MAN AND ANIMAL. CHIMPANZEES ARE NATIVE TO AFRICA.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : MOUNTAIN GORILLA IS NOT THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN MAN AND ANIMAL . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: MOUNTAIN GORILLA IS NOT THE MISSING LINK BETWEEN MAN AND ANIMAL. GORILLAS ARE NATIVE TO AFRICA.

The above image reveals a fundamental problem faced by Darwinism when it attempts to account for Human Evolution. No extinct or living species is able to bridge the gap between the modern man (Homo sapiens sapiens) and his nearest allies among Hominid Family and other Primates such as Chimpanzee and Gorilla.

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: SAHELANTHROPUS TCHADENSIS NICKNAMED “TOUMAI.”

NATURAL HISTORY OF HOMINID FAMILY:

Senckenberg Natural History Museum, Frankfurt, Germany prepared replicas of Hominid species using the fossils discovered at different geographical locations. Sahelanthropus tchadensis lived 6.8 million years ago. It is one of the oldest Hominid specimens, found in 2003 in Djurab desert in Chad, Africa.

Australopithecus afarensis discovered in Afar region of Ethiopia, Africa in 1975. This Hominid lived 3.2 million years ago.

Australopithecus africanus, this Hominid replica nicknamed “Mrs. Ples” lived 2.5 million years ago. Discovered in 1947, at Sterkfontein, South Africa.

Paranthropus aethiopicus lived 2.5 million years ago. Discovered near Lake Turkana in Kenya, Africa, in 1985.

Paranthropus boisei, nicknamed “Zinz” lived 1.8 million years ago. Discovered in 1959 in the Olduvai Gorge of Tanzania, Africa.

Homo Rudolfensis lived about 1.8 million years ago. Discovered in 1972 in Koobi Fora, Kenya, Africa.

“TURKANA BOY” Homo ergaster lived about 1.5 million years ago. Initially thought to be an important “missing link” in Human Evolution.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : HOMO ERGASTER IS RELATED TO HOMO ERECTUS SPECIES THAT LIVED IN EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA FROM ABOUT 1.89 MILLION YEARS AGO . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: HOMO ERGASTER IS RELATED TO HOMO ERECTUS SPECIES THAT LIVED IN EASTERN AND SOUTHERN AFRICA FROM ABOUT 1.89 MILLION YEARS AGO.

In Africa, Homo ergaster and Homo erectus are viewed as relatives and thought to be the ancestral forms of later Hominids such as Homo heidelbergensis, Homo neanderthalensis, and Homo sapiens. But, African Homo erectus is not related to Asian species of Homo erectus like Java Man, and Peking Man.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : REPLICA OF HOMO ERECTUS(AFRICA), ERECT MAN, VERTICAL GAIT, LIVED ABOUT 1.8 TO 0.3 MILLION YEARS AGO . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: REPLICA OF HOMO ERECTUS(AFRICA), ERECT MAN, VERTICAL GAIT, LIVED ABOUT 1.8 TO 0.3 MILLION YEARS AGO.

Homo erectus of Africa had prominent brow ridges, projecting face, and a brain volume of about a liter as compared to modern man’s average brain volume of about 1,360 cubic centimeters. Some evolutionary biologists suggested that Homo erectus migrated to Asia and Southern Europe.

Homo heidelbergensis or Homo rhodesiensis. This replica is made from the fossils found in Sima de Los Huesos, Spain in 1993. He lived about 500,000 to 350,000 years ago. Fossils also found in other places like Italy, France, and Greece. Homo sapiens may have appeared 300,000 years ago. Heidelbergensis could be the ancestor of Neanderthals which is often described as a subspecies of Sapiens species.

Mendel's Laws-Human Evolution-Homo erectus — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: REPLICA OF HOMO ERECTUS, HOMINID THAT LIVED 1.5 MILLION TO 300, 000 YEARS AGO.

Homo erectus lived 1, 500, 000 to 300, 000 years ago. Homo erectus discovered in the Republic of Georgia, China, and Indonesia lived until about 70,000 years ago.

Pithecanthropus, “JAVA MAN” discovered in 1891 could be the first to use fire. He used stone tools and belongs to the Lower Pleistocene Period.

It could be of interest to note that Rhodesian Man( Heidelberg Man – Germany) had a large, thick skull, a sloping forehead, a chinless jaw, a brain larger than that of modern man. The height was about five feet(152 cm) or slightly over.

Sinanthropus, Homo erectus pekinensis, or PEKING MAN belonged to the Middle Pleistocene.

Homo sapiens neanderthalensis lived 56,000 years ago. The above is the replica nicknamed “OLD MAN OF LA CHAPELLE” found near La Chapelle aux-Saints in France in 1908.

Homo sapiens floresiensis, the FLORES MAN discovered in Liang Bua Cave, Flores, Indonesia in 2003. Lived about 18,000 years ago.

The above is a replica of Homo sapiens found in a cave in Israel in 1969. He lived between 100,000 to 90, 000 years ago. It is important to note that it is not representative of true, modern humans called Homo sapiens sapiens.

Homo sapiens idaltu lived about 160, 000 years ago in Pleistocene Period(Middle Paleolithic), in Ethiopia, Africa, may mark the origin of anatomically modern Homo sapiens, making the distinction between Homo erectus species and Homo sapiens species. They were at the threshold of modern anatomy but not fully modern humans.

Homo sapiens Red Deer represents “Red Deer Cave” people who lived 11, 500 to 14, 500 years ago in Maludong, Yunnan Province, Southern China. Red Deer Man had high domed braincase, small eyebrow ridges, lower jaw ended in a prominent chin, with a body less muscular than those of earlier Hominids.

THE ORIGIN OF MAN – MONOGENISM VS POLYGENISM:

The term “RACE” is used to describe any of the different varieties or populations of human beings distinguished by physical traits such as hair, eyes, skin color, the shape of the body, head, facial features, and blood groups. These characteristics are transmitted by heredity but they are highly variable; not every member of a race will exhibit all distinguishing traits. It is apparent to claim that races arose in response to inbreeding. Across the majority of human cultures prevalent in Old World, inbreeding is the established cultural norm. In his ‘Systema Naturae'(1735) Carolus Linnaeus, Swedish botanist, gave a very precise description of the man placing him among the Mammals in the order of Primates along the apes and the bat. Linnaeus presented a summary of the diverse varieties of human species. He described varieties such as The Asian, The African, and The European. Linnaeus created a system of classification that depended only on external characteristics to place objects into a rational set of categories.

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: HUMAN VARIETIES OR RACES AROSE IN RESPONSE TO INBREEDING. CAROLUS LINNAEUS DESCRIBED HUMAN VARIETIES SUCH AS THE ASIAN, THE AFRICAN, AND THE EUROPEAN.

The French naturalist George Louis Leclerc Comte de Buffon in his monumental compendium on Natural History(Histoire Naturelle general et particuliere, 44 volumes, (1749-1804) described the man as a zoological species. Buffon determined species not by their physical appearances but by their reproductive history. He held the view that a species is known only through the history of its propagation. Buffon claimed that it is absurd to use the same principles for classifying living and nonliving things. Most important, apes and other animals lack the ability to speak. Buffon saw the rise of human intelligence as a product of the development of an articulated language. For animals may lack the ability to attach meaning to their articulated sounds, human language can be used as a basis to define human species and its varieties. Monogenism is the theory that all human beings are descended from a single pair of ancestors. Polygenism is the theory that each race of people has descended from distinct, ultimate ancestors and hence asserts that races are created separately. If anatomically modern humans are products of interbreeding between different Hominid Family members, it would be difficult to suggest that hybridized humans stopped interbreeding and preferred inbreeding to establish the races or varieties that can be observed today. Johann Friedrich Blumenbach (1752-1840), Father of Physical Anthropology known for his work ‘De Generis Humani Varietate Nativa (1775-76), did his research in the measurement of craniums. He divided mankind into five great families – Caucasian, Mongolian, Malayan, and Ethiopian. Physical anthropologists initially described three primary divisions of people, 1. Caucasoid, 2. Mongoloid, and 3. Negroid. Thomas Huxley in his paper titled “On the Geographical Distribution of the Chief Modifications of Mankind” (1870) described racial varieties such as 1. Bushmen, 2. Africoid, 3. Negritoes, 4. Melanochroi, 5. Australoids, 6. Xanthochroi, 7. Polynesians, 8. Mongoloids A, B, & C, and 9. Esquimaux. Today, some anthropologists entirely reject the concept of “RACE.” The apparent variations among members of the human population have to be explained using Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance which alone can account for breeding behavioral patterns.

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE: JOHANN FRIEDRICH BLUMENBACH(1752-1840), FATHER OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOGY DIVIDED MANKIND INTO FIVE GREAT FAMILIES – CAUCASIAN, MONGOLIAN, MALAYAN, AND ETHIOPIAN.

CHARLES DARWIN – DARWINISM – THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES(1859):

Charles Darwin claimed that new species originate in the course of time. In his view, one species is transformed into another as a product of ‘Natural Selection’ of randomly produced genetic mutations. He formulated an opinion about the factors or circumstances under which some forms of life cease to have the status of species or become extinct. Darwin states, “The Origin of Species, like their extinction, is entirely a natural process which requires no factors other than those at work every day in the life, death, and breeding of plants and animals.” To make the transition from an old species to a new species, certain intermediate forms become extinct combined with the survival of one or more of the extreme varieties. Darwin further attests, “If my theory be true, numberless intermediate varieties, linking closely together all the species of the same group, must assuredly have existed, but the very process of natural selection constantly tends as has been so often remarked to exterminate the parent forms and the intermediate links.” As per Darwin’s analysis, anatomically modern human species may have to be viewed as a variety of one of the Hominid species that simply survived while this ancestral species and all other Hominid species perished towards the end of Pleistocene (Ice Age).

Darwin’s theory of ‘The Origin of Species’ depends on causes that can be divided into two sets of factors:

1. Mechanism of Survival that includes causes or factors which determine the extinction or survival of organisms, and with their survival, their opportunities for mating and reproduction, and

2. Mechanism of Heredity that includes causes or factors which determine transmission of characteristics from one generation to another and variation of offspring from their ancestors and from each other.

In Darwin’s estimate, the factors of ‘Natural Selection’ operate on genetic variations that cause a range of differences within a group. At the same time, it may be noted that the variations generated in the breeding process are never enough to change the basic criteria applied in the identification of any given species. For perpetuation of group characteristics in organisms which manage to survive and reproduce, inheritance of ancestral traits is of utmost importance. Darwin’s view on the blending of hereditary factors is not supported by Mendel’s classic experiments in Hybridization. According to Mendel, inheritance is particulate. Distinct genetic factors combine to produce a certain somatic result without losing their separate identities. They can, therefore, be reassorted and enter into new genetic combinations in the next generation. If anatomically modern human species appeared suddenly due to abrupt mutations in a single generation of as yet unknown Hominid species, it will not validate Darwin’s view that new forms of life arise gradually as the result of the continuous accumulation of slight and imperceptible variations. According to Darwin, the environment acts as a selective agency and it acts upon variations produced entirely by causes operating in the breeding process. During the period of the Great Ice Age, Pleistocene Series or Epoch, 1.8 million to 10, 000 years ago, 28 percent of Earth’s land area was covered by ice. Continental glaciers covered much of N. North America and NW Europe. Holocene Epoch or Series that began 10, 000 years ago witnessed a dramatic change in the land area that is covered by ice. Now, about 10 percent of land area is covered by ice and continental glaciers are restricted to Antarctica and Greenland. In other words, areas of the Earth’s surface have become more hospitable for all kinds of Hominid population. There was no geographical catastrophe and there was no environmental change of cataclysmic proportion with serious consequences for the survival of any variety of Hominid species. To adapt to the changed environment was easy, food supply became abundant and there is nothing to suggest that Hominid Family members were preying upon one another in a bitter struggle of existence.

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY WILL DEMOLISH DARWINISM:

According to the Geologic Time Chart which records the physical nature and history of planet Earth, we are living in the Cenozoic Era the beginning of which was marked by the K-T extinction. Most of the major and minor extinction events were the result of causes that are not natural to Earth or terrestrial factors. The exposure of living things to consequences such as collisions with asteroids, comets, or exposure to ionizing radiation do not belong to a category of circumstances that can be called ‘natural’. I would prefer to use the term ‘supernatural’ to describe extinction events initiated by extraterrestrial factors. The origin, the beginning, the appearance of the anatomically modern man during Holocene Epoch or Series has no natural cause. No natural condition, no natural factor, no natural mechanism, no natural process, and no natural event can alter the shape and size of man’s cranium. Inbreeding or interbreeding do not change genes, the Units of Inheritance. The sudden, and abrupt change in man’s form and morphological appearance is not due to imperceptible changes and genetic variations that accumulated over a prolonged period of time. If skeletal structures undergo a change due to mutations caused by external factors like climate, physical activity, diet, and opportunities for breeding or reproductive behavior, the skeletal structures of all members of the diverse Hominid Family living at that time have to register a change that affects the germ cells and gets propagated to their offspring as stated by Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance. If a natural condition, a natural factor, or a natural cause can account for a mutation in an anatomically modern human, I would like to examine the evidence for its operation in other members of Hominid Family such as Neanderthal who lived at the same time.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : CRO-MAGNON SKULL . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: CRO-MAGNON SKULL. CRO-MAGNON MAN IS NOT CONSIDERED AS A SEPARATE SPECIES OR SUBSPECIES. LIVED 40, 000 TO 35, 000 YEARS AGO.

Cro-Magnon Man lived 40, 000 to 35, 000 years ago. He was discovered in southwestern France in 1868. His height was about 6 feet (180 Cms), had high forehead, short and wide face, developed prominent chin, and a large brain. His brain capacity of 1600 cubic centimeters is larger than the average 1,360 cubic centimeters for anatomically modern human species. He belonged to upper Paleolithic culture of Old Stone Age whereas anatomically modern human species had established its presence in the Mesolithic Period or Middle Stone Age at the end of the last glacial era about 10,000 years ago. Anatomically modern human species developed a culture that included gradual domestication of plants and animals, the formation of settled communities, use of the bow, development of delicate stone ‘Microliths’, and pottery.

THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES-THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN LANGUAGE:

In my view, Human Speech (spoken and written) is the criteria by which the difference between the anatomically modern man and other members of the Hominid Family can be made. Human Language is one of the principal characteristics of the specifically human world. Language is the peculiar possession of human beings. While Neanderthal, and Cro-Magnon Man share certain anatomical and physiological traits possessed by the zoological species identified as human beings, they were not true representatives of Homo sapiens sapiens. In the use of ‘Precision Grip’, both Neanderthal and Cro-Magnon Man fall short of the status called ‘human’. Paleolithic art, paintings, and drawings are not the same as human writing.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : CRO-MAGNON MAN AND PRECISION GRIP . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: CRO-MAGNON MAN AND PRECISION GRIP. PALEOLITHIC ART IS NOT EQUIVALENT TO HUMAN ARTISTIC EXPRESSION. DRAWINGS AND PAINTINGS ARE NOT THE SAME AS HUMAN WRITING.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES INVOLVED IN PRECISION GRIP . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: THE ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES INVOLVED IN PRECISION GRIP. HOMINIDS LIKE NEANDERTHAL HAD ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES THAT GIVE FUNCTIONAL ABILITIES CALLED 1. PRESSURE GRIP, AND 2. PRECISION GRIP. NEUROMUSCULAR COORDINATION BETWEEN BRAIN AND FINGERS CONTRIBUTES TO A CREATIVE ABILITY CALLED WRITING.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION . PALEOLITHIC ART . CAVE PAINTINGS IN N SPAIN AND SW FRANCE . c. 14,000- c. 13,500 B.C. LASCAUX CAVE PAINTINGS - THE AURIGNACIO - PERIGORDIAN PERIOD . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION. PALEOLITHIC ART. CAVE PAINTINGS IN N SPAIN AND SW FRANCE. c. 14,000- c. 13,500 B.C. LASCAUX CAVE PAINTINGS – THE AURIGNACIO – PERIGORDIAN PERIOD.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : PALEOLITHIC ART . MURALS AT ROUFFIGNAC, NIAUX, AND CAVE PAINTINGS OF ALTAMIRA , SPAIN . c. 14,000 -c. 9500 B.C. THE SOLUTREO - MAGDALENIAN PERIOD . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: PALEOLITHIC ART. MURALS AT ROUFFIGNAC, NIAUX, AND CAVE PAINTINGS OF ALTAMIRA, SPAIN. c. 14,000 – c. 9500 B.C. THE SOLUTREO – MAGDALENIAN PERIOD.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : KUNDA TOOLS , MICROLITHS, c. 10,000 -c.8000 B.C. MESOLITHIC PERIOD OR MIDDLE STONE AGE . THE BEGINNING OF ANATOMICALLY MODERN MAN . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: KUNDA TOOLS, MICROLITHS, c. 10,000 -c.8000 B.C. MESOLITHIC PERIOD OR MIDDLE STONE AGE. THE BEGINNING OF ANATOMICALLY MODERN MAN. HUMANS ARE KNOWN BY THEIR CULTURE.

The reproductive history of modern man does not support Darwinism and its assumptions about breeding. To identify and to recognize the man as a zoological species, the yardstick has to be defined as morphological appearances are inadequate. I coined the phrase ‘Whole Linguistics’ to use Human Language as the chief characteristic of human species. Whole Linguistics involves three entities, namely 1. A Language User, 2. A Language Interpreter and 3. A Language Creator. It introduces a concept about the Creative Beginning of Man and his Language.

HUMAN IDENTITY, INDIVIDUALITY, AND THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX:

All said and done, the man has no choice about the nature of his physical existence in the natural world. Each man without any choice exists as an Individual with Individuality. The man deploys protein molecules called antigens to identify ‘self’ and ‘non-self’. The antigens causing the immune response that results in rejection of a tissue allograft are known as ‘Major Histocompatibility Antigens'(HLA). In man, the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) is the HLA cluster on Chromosome 6. As MHC antigens were originally described on human Leukocytes (White Blood Cells), they are still referred to as Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA). The role of MHC is not limited to transplantation rejection as the proteins encoded in this region are involved in many aspects of immunological recognition and immunity response. The HLA antigens are remarkable for the extensive degree of genetic polymorphism which makes variability between individuals very great. Even among members of the human population, most unrelated persons possess different HLA. This antigenic specificity established at the molecular level is the evidence for a creative process, a creative mechanism, and a creative principle which determines the Subjective and Objective Physical Reality of Man’s Status in Nature.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN . MAN DEPLOYS UNIQUE PROTEIN MOLECULES TO IDENTIFY SELF AND NON-SELF . HUMAN EXISTENCE AND HUMAN IDENTITY IS DEFINED BY MOLECULES . — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: HUMAN LEUKOCYTE ANTIGEN. MAN DEPLOYS UNIQUE PROTEIN MOLECULES TO IDENTIFY SELF AND NON-SELF. HUMAN EXISTENCE AND HUMAN IDENTITY IS DEFINED BY MOLECULES.

MENDEL'S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION : MAN IS ABLE TO EXIST IN NATURE FOR HE IS ABLE TO DEFEND HIS EXISTENCE BY DEPLOYING MOLECULES THAT CAN MAKE THE RECOGNITION AND DISTINCTION BETWEEN SELF AND NON-SELF. — MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: MAN IS ABLE TO EXIST IN NATURE FOR HE IS ABLE TO DEFEND HIS EXISTENCE BY DEPLOYING MOLECULES THAT CAN MAKE THE RECOGNITION AND DISTINCTION BETWEEN SELF AND NON-SELF.

THE PROOF OF PUDDING IS IN THE EATING:

Greek philosophers Plato and Aristotle introduced the notion of Form, Nature, or Essence. Plants and animals are derived from seeds that already contain within them the Form, Nature, or Essence of the species from which they were derived and into which they would subsequently develop. To exist as a thing of a given kind, there could be an innate tendency to strive to develop into a perfect example of itself to fulfill its nature and to realize its full potential. In a purposive or teleological view of the natural world, each natural thing by its intrinsic nature strives to realize its own ideal Form or Essence. Darwinism proposes a view that explains the development of a natural thing in a “mechanistic” and nonpurposive manner. If a new form of life is a product of unguided, random, and purposeless genetic mutations, it will be hard to explain and account for its Form, Nature, and Essence.

All living things define their existence using about 20 Amino Acids. Protein Synthesis involves unique and creative ways of arranging these amino acids into chains called polypeptides. Protein Synthesis is a creative process for the product created by one species has the ability to impart a unique sensory experience in an unrelated species. Man can distinguish plant and animal proteins by using his organs of sense perception. The creative aspect of protein synthesis is in the taste, smell, flavor, color, texture, and palatability of plant and animal proteins. The man further improves the palatability of proteins he consumes by refining his culinary skills. To refute the concept called ‘DARWINISM’, the Proof or Verification is in Eating Sweet Garden Peas and recognizing them from their color, taste, smell, flavor, texture, and palatability. Plants and animals do not use sensory functions like vision, olfaction, and taste in protein synthesis. The sensory experience of man is possible for living things have an innate tendency to express their Form, Nature, and Essence. I am asking my readers to contemplate upon supernatural circumstances that may define Form, Nature, and Essence of living things that are not explained by a study of their genes and genetic code.

Whole Mendelism vs Darwinism. This Kid is apparently has Free Will and can choose to get wet in the rain. He can also choose to remain under a shade and keep dry. This ability to choose is operated by an external contingency called rain. Does man have the natural ability to make choices in the face of all types of external contingencies.? Plato held that actions are determined by the extent of a person’s understanding, or reasoning.

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT NATIONAL PRAYER BREAKFAST

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT NATIONAL PRAYER BREAKFAST :

It gives me a great pleasure to present my perspective on ‘National Prayer Breakfast’ for I see it as an event intimately connected to the history of Special Frontier Force. Norwegian Methodist Preacher Abraham Vereide(1886-1969) started a tradition of Prayer Breakfast and since 1953 the event became ‘Presidential Prayer Breakfast’ as it established the custom of inviting the US President as a chief guest speaker for a special gathering held on the first Thursday in the month of February.

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT NATIONAL PRAYER BREAKFAST : NORWEGIAN METHODIST PREACHER ABRAHAM VEREIDE STARTED AN EVENT CALLED PRAYER BREAKFAST IN CHICAGO AND IT SPREAD TO WASHINGTON, D.C. IN 1953 WHEN THE US PRESIDENT WAS INVITED TO PARTICIPATE IN THE EVENT.

Abraham Veredie started the event called Prayer Breakfast in Chicago City and it got transformed into ‘Presidential Prayer Breakfast’ in 1953 when the custom of inviting the US President as a Special Guest Speaker became a tradition.

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT NATIONAL PRAYER BREAKFAST : IN 1953, 34th US PRESIDENT(1953-1961), DWIGHT DAVID EISENHOWER WAS INVITED AS THE CHIEF GUEST SPEAKER FOR A PRAYER BREAKFAST MEETING WHICH GOT THE NAME PRESIDENTIAL PRAYER BREAKFAST . ABRAHAM VEREIDE WITH PRESIDENT EISENHOWER.

On Thursday, February 09, 1961, President John F. Kennedy was the Chief Guest Speaker at the Presidential Prayer Breakfast. I am happy to share some photo images of that historical event.

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT NATIONAL PRAYER BREAKFAST : US PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY ADDRESSING THE GATHERING AT PRESIDENTIAL PRAYER BREAKFAST ON THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 09, 1961.

The 1961 Presidential Prayer Breakfast was held at East Room, Mayflower Hotel, Washington, D.C.

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT NATIONAL PRAYER BREAKFAST : 1961 PRESIDENTIAL PRAYER BREAKFAST WITH US PRESIDENT JOHN F. KENNEDY, SOUTHERN BAPTIST MINISTER REVEREND BILLY GRAHAM, AND EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF INTERNATIONAL CHRISTIAN LEADERSHIP INC., ABRAHAM VEREIDE.

It may be noted that John F. Kennedy was the first Catholic President of the United States, Abraham Veredie was a Methodist, and Reverend Billy Graham, a Southern Baptist. The Prayer Breakfast is not about endorsing a particular religious doctrine.

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT NATIONAL PRAYER BREAKFAST :

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT NATIONAL PRAYER BREAKFAST : PRESIDENTIAL PRAYER BREAKFAST WAS RENAMED AS NATIONAL PRAYER BREAKFAST IN 1970. SINCE 1980s THE EVENT IS HELD AT WASHINGTON HILTON AT 1919 CONNECTICUT AVENUE.

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT NATIONAL PRAYER BREAKFAST : HIS HOLINESS THE 14TH DALAI LAMA, THE EXILED TIBETAN LEADER WITH MS. VALERIE JARRETT, SENIOR ADVISER TO PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA AT NATIONAL PRAYER BREAKFAST HELD AT WASHINGTON HILTON ON THURSDAY FEBRUARY 05, 2015.

The National Prayer Breakfast is about cherishing National Values and people gather without any concern about their religious or political affiliations for all of them share the same National Values such as Freedom, Democracy, Peace, Human Rights, and Justice. In the context of Tibet and its Misery under Military Occupation since 1950, we are seeking the Uplifting Power of Compassion to endure the pain and suffering caused by political oppression. We are hopeful with Perseverance endowed by Compassion, We will defy Occupation and defeat its purpose as we begin our “Crusade for Peace through Freedom.”

UNITED STATES UNVEILS ITS PLAN FOR INDIA’S PARTITION

UNITED STATES UNVEILS ITS PLAN FOR INDIA’S PARTITION : President Barack Obama on his recent visit to India did not wish for a “Crusade for Peace through Freedom.” His call to India to uphold Religious Freedom unveils the US Plan to Divide and Rule India without any concern for its own national values like Freedom, Democracy, Peace, and Justice.

THE UNITED STATES UNVEILS ITS PLAN FOR PARTITION OF INDIA : THE US PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA WHO PLANTED A TREE AT RAJGHAT, MAHATMA GANDHI MEMORIAL DEMANDED IN A PRESS CONFERENCE THAT INDIA MUST SUPPORT RELIGIOUS FREEDOM WHICH CALLS FOR THE RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATION AS DEMANDED BY SIKH SEPARATISTS AND KASHMIR SEPARATISTS . RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IS THE "MANTRA" FOR PARTITION OF INDIA USING RELIGION AS A TRUMP CARD . — THE UNITED STATES UNVEILS ITS PLAN FOR PARTITION OF INDIA : THE US PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA WHO PLANTED A TREE AT RAJGHAT, MAHATMA GANDHI MEMORIAL DEMANDED IN A PRESS CONFERENCE THAT INDIA MUST SUPPORT RELIGIOUS FREEDOM WHICH CALLS FOR THE RIGHT TO SELF-DETERMINATION AS DEMANDED BY SIKH SEPARATISTS AND KASHMIR SEPARATISTS . RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IS THE “MANTRA” FOR PARTITION OF INDIA USING RELIGION AS A TRUMP CARD .

I want to share my opinion on President Barack Obama’s diabolical demand for “Religious Freedom” in India. A radical Sikh organization called “The Dal Khalsa’ stated that it is happy with US President Obama’s call to India to uphold Religious Freedom. I am sharing this opinion on behalf of Special Frontier Force – Establishment Number. 22, a military organization affiliated to the US, India, and Tibet. The US has never demanded that Christian Missionaries be given free access to preach their Gospel inside Occupied Tibet. In fact, President Obama has not spoken about Religious Freedom in Tibet while he is fully aware of Tibetan Government-in-Exile’s existence at Dharamshala, India. President Obama has unveiled the plan of United States and United Kingdom to seek the Partition of the Republic of India on lines similar to partition of India in 1947. Religious Freedom is the “MANTRA” for Partition of India.The strategy followed by the British Raj and the US administration is the same. In 1947, it was very important to defend the rights of Muslims as without partition, Muslims cannot have access to political power and without political power, Muslims would lose their Religious Freedom. In democracy, there is separation of State and Church. In opinion of the West, India can never have true Democracy as a majority of its people may belong to Hindu religion. To counteract the Hindus, the British have formulated the governance policy called “Divide and Rule.” The collapse of the Soviet Union, the breakup of Czechoslovakia, the US sponsored dismemberment of Republic of Yugoslavia, and creation of Kosovo are often cited as examples of bringing “Regime Change” in countries considered to be hostile to the US Foreign Policy Agenda. The 105th US Congress in its First Session passed Resolution # 37 which demands the formation of an Independent Sikh Nation called “KHALISTAN” and the resolution demands the Right to Self-Determination for people who profess or follow the religion called Sikhism. Western powers like Great Britain, United States, and Canada, have formulated a political strategy to take full advantage of the religious sentiments of the people of Sikhism to dismember the Republic of India. There is a fundamental hostility for the very existence of India which is known as “BHARAT” because of Hindu religion that many of its people adhere. In a world full of competing religions, Hindus are not allowed to desire any identity of their own. In other words, India’s adherence to the principles of DEMOCRACY is of no consequence and Indian people be separated taking advantage of the differences in religion, language, and history of regional affiliations. The concept of an independent, sovereign Khalistan, the Sikh Homeland was announced on October 7, 1987. These Sikh Separatists claim that Government of India murdered over a million Sikh people and accuse Government of India violates their Rights to Religious Freedom. The annual Sikh March for Khalistan is held on BAISAKHI(Vaisakhi) Day during the month of April. Sikhs living in Washington DC, New York, London, Vancouver(Canada) and other places parade on streets. The US supports these political activities and allows Sikh nationals of India to apply for asylum in the United States for it endorses their claims about religious persecution of Sikhs by Government of India. These Sikh Separatists claim that without political power, religion cannot flourish, their repression will continue and that their Sikh Nation will perish. A similar argument is made by Muslim Separatists who live in the Indian State of Jammu and Kashmir. The advocates of Khalistan do not mention about persecution of Sikhs in Kashmir, and it appears that they have no recollection of the killing of Sikhs at the time of India’s Partition in 1947. When the United States President spoke about Religious Freedom, he did not mention about the Right to Self-Determination of Sikhs in Punjab, and of Muslims in Kashmir. However, Indian people must recognize that the issue of Religious Freedom is not simply about the Rights of Christians to practice their religion. It is important to know that the United States is not demanding Pakistan to support the rights of Christians living in Pakistan. The US is not asking Sikh Separatists and Kashmir Separatists to embrace Christianity or to grant full access to Christian Missionaries to operate in their communities. The fundamental concern is not about religion or Freedom of Religion. The goal of this US Policy is to breakup India and not to allow its people to find Peace, Justice, and Prosperity by choosing DEMOCRACY.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada

Special Frontier Force.Establishment22

OPEN LETTER TO PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA ON RELIGIOUS FREEDOM :

I was asked to share a comment on this article published by Mr. Kalavai Venkat. The author has failed to acknowledge the diabolical plan of the US to maintain its status of global Superpower without any scruples, principles, or ideals shared by its own founding fathers.

261 SHARES Facebook Twitter Subscribe Google Linkedin Dear President Barack Obama, You spoke of religious freedom and in favor of the right to proselytize during your recent visit to India. Your words reflect the Christian West’s obsession with religious freedom. We Hindus have little doubt that when you talk of religious freedom you have the freedom of Christians to proselytize Hindus and not the freedom of Hindus to practice Hinduism in mind. In many Islamic countries such as Saudi Arabia, a Hindu cannot even carry pictures of Hindu deities to worship in the confines of one’s home. You have never pontificated to the Saudis about the virtues of religious freedom. In the Christian Greece, it was illegal for a Hindu to cremate the dead until 2007 yet no American president pontificated to the Greeks. So, we rightly conclude that the religious freedom of Hindus is nowhere on your radar. However, we are not asking you to stand up for our religious freedom. We are, instead, challenging your obsession with religious freedom. Let us begin by talking about some fundamental teachings of Christianity which you are presumably familiar with. I did not render service. I have been responsible for genocide. It took me 18 years to realize that. Christianity requires a groom to drag his bride on the nuptial night to her father’s doorstep and stone her to death on the suspicion that she may not be a virgin. It urges onlookers to participate in this violent orgy (Deuteronomy 22:13-21). Jesus sanctified and vowed to fulfill such terrible, misogynistic teachings (Matthew 5:17). We Hindus view the feminine as sacred and will not allow anyone the freedom to spread misogyny. We will not protect the alleged freedom of a misogynist at the expense of the dignity of a woman. We understand that you are not eagerly defending the freedom of the Taliban to spread Islamic misogyny in the USA. We are pleased to inform you that we Hindus will apply the same yardstick to Christian misogyny as well. The Second Coming of Jesus is a core and fundamental Christian belief. On this occasion, Jesus would torture millions of Hindus for a period of five months, massacre them, and put them on the hell-bound cargo to be condemned to eternal torture (Revelations 9:4-5). Jesus also promises to make the Hindus kneel before the Christians in abject submission (see Hartung, John: Love Thy Neighbor – The Evolution of In-group Morality, pp. 15-16). We Hindus value human rights and will not grant anyone the freedom to spread genocidal hatred or subjugate others. You should be able to relate to our stance because you too aren’t advocating the freedom of Al Qaeda to spread genocidal hatred against Americans, are you?

Misogyny, a craving to subjugate others, and genocidal hatred are poisonous. Giving them a religious sanctity doesn’t make them desirable. Karl Popper cautioned against the tendency to tolerate the intolerant because such a misplaced tolerance would result in the demise of the tolerant and eventually lead to the demise of tolerance itself. His sage advice applies to intolerant, hateful, and misogynistic religious beliefs such as Christianity and Islam. According such religious beliefs even a modicum of freedom would eventually degrade the feminine and extinguish freedom itself. More on Religious Freedom Analysis of the USCIRF India Chapter report, 2014

The USCIRF testimony of Kamal Mitra Chenoy

Narendra Modi’s visa denial still an unhealed wound

Exclusivist faiths, fundamental rights and the consequences of fundamentalism

How John Dayal helps break India

Atrocity literature as a tool to defang Hindus and Christianize India

proselytization in India: A critique from a Dharmic perspective

The Religious Crusades of the CIA

We Hindus value freedom; not merely freedom of religion as Western Christians mistakenly value. In our reasonable worldview, only freedom is a fundamental right whereas religious freedom is a privilege that is earned only when the religious teachings do not subvert freedom. A religion that subverts the very foundation of freedom and human dignity by advocating misogyny and genocidal hatemongering cannot be accorded that privilege. In The Religious Crusades of the CIA, Arvind Kumar shows that ‘religious freedom’ is a euphemism for the CIA-led initiatives to destabilize Hindu society. The Tamil writer Jeyamohanshows how the Ford Foundation acted as the front for this imperial agenda by funding Christian missionaries in India’s northeast. These missionaries facilitated the entry of other western-funded groups which sowed division and hatred among the various ethnic groups that had hitherto coexisted for millennia. These imperial-funded and orchestrated initiatives resulted in gruesome riots, bloodshed, and massacre of many a thousand besides sinking the entire northeast into abject poverty. One of the missionaries that had facilitated the pillage eventually had a moment of realization and confessed to Jeyamohan, “I did not render service. I have been responsible for genocide. It took me 18 years to realize that.” President Obama, we will not allow another genocide by facilitating the spread of imperial-funded Christianity. Instead, we will initiate every measure to curb it. We will bring forth legislation to prevent the CIA and its front agencies such as the Ford Foundation from destabilizing India. We will also prevent western powers from controlling the churches in India by nationalizing India’s churches and NGOs and by empowering the government to nominate priests. In the true spirit of democracy and freedom, and in the spirit of Indian pluralism, these priests would hail from all communities and religions as well as from among the ranks of atheists. You may also anticipate legislative measures which would protect indigenous religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism, Sikhism, and the various tribal religions. We would reverse the existing system which discriminates against indigenous religions while favoring Christianity and Islam. The state would fund institutions belonging to indigenous religions. We hope this idea would resonate with you; after all, the UK protects the Church of England and funds its educational institutions. America’s Christian churches are the leading beneficiaries of faith-based initiatives. So, this idea is no stranger to westerners.

We hope that not only Hindus and Indians but reasonable Americans too would laud these forthcoming initiatives. After all, a vibrant, democratic, and multicultural India is in the best interests of America as well. On the other hand, an India laid waste to by the predation of Christianity can only harm Indian as well as American interests. A patriotic American should be appalled by the fact that American textbooks indoctrinate defenseless children in Christianity. These textbooks portray Jesus as an embodiment of compassion. One would never tolerate a sanitized portrayal of a terrorist such as Osama bin Laden as compassionate. Yet, Jesus, who isindistinguishable from Osama bin Laden, is hailed as compassionate in textbooks. Such indoctrination is an abuse of the trust children place in adults. It is not only the mind of the American child that is abused. Defenseless children are subject to physical abuse as well because of their parents’ beliefs in biblical teachings. The Bible mandates the circumcision of the male child (Genesis 17). As a result, despite the progress in scientific knowledge, over 58 percent of American male children are subject to genital mutilations. These are examples of serious violation of a child’s freedom. We hope that America ends such discriminatory practices by emulating the Indian example of curbing Christianity (as well as Islam) through legislation. We look forward to the day when America respects the freedom of a child to grow up unmolested in an environment nourished by reason. We hope you realize that the freedom of a child cannot be sacrificed to propagate Bronze Age superstitions. Our ghar wapasi program is ready to embrace America’s recovering Christians. Yours truly, An imaginary Indian politician PS: How I wish an Indian politician wrote such a letter! Alas, in all likelihood, an Indian politician or a lay Hindu is likely to appease the Western bully by pleading that India is doing a lot to ensure religious freedom and will do even more. They would then grant more freedom to the rapacious missionaries and foreign NGOs until India becomes another Philippines.

Related Article:

MY THOUGHTS ON PRESIDENT BARACK OBAMA’S INDIA VISIT

THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE

THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE: “KRAMA SHIKSHA”, the instruction to impart physical and mental Discipline has a physiological basis. A part of human brain called the ‘Reticular Formation’ functions like Spirit or Soul to control, to guide, and to regulate the ‘Intellect'(“BUDDHI”), the Mind (“MANAH”), the Senses (“INDRIYA”), and the Body(“DEHA”).

This is a tribute to all the men and women who serve India in Uniform after undergoing rigorous training enduring pain and hardships. The “DRILL”, such as marching together during ceremonial parades, testifies to the process of teaching the ‘Art of Self-Discipline’.

THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE : IN MY VIEW, MILITARY DISCIPLINE IS A SPIRITUAL PRACTICE. SUCCESS OR VICTORY IN THE BATTLEFIELD IS ACCOMPLISHED BY DESTROYING THE ENEMY. MILITARY TRAINS TO DEFEAT AN EXTERNAL ENEMY AND A SPIRITUAL PRACTITIONER OR SADHAK TRAINS TO DESTROY ONE'S OWN INTERNAL ENEMIES. — THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE: “KRAMA SHIKSHA.” IN MY VIEW, MILITARY DISCIPLINE IS A SPIRITUAL PRACTICE. SUCCESS OR VICTORY IN THE BATTLEFIELD IS ACCOMPLISHED BY DESTROYING THE ENEMY. MILITARY TRAINS TO DEFEAT AN EXTERNAL ENEMY AND A SPIRITUAL PRACTITIONER OR SADHAK TRAINS TO DESTROY ONE’S OWN INTERNAL ENEMIES.

Discipline is training that develops Self-Control, character, orderliness, and efficiency. It may imply strict control to enforce obedience, acceptance of or submission to authority. While Discipline requires training that molds, instructs, and corrects personal behavior, the concept of Self-Discipline is often used in the context of a Spiritual Practice. For all practical purposes Self-Discipline is like Military Discipline which uses training apart from verbal instruction, encouragement, and teaching as its tools. Soldiers master the Art of Self-Discipline to take responsibility for all of their actions, speech, and mannerisms.

THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE : A BOXER WITH GOOD REFLEXES HAS THE ABILITY TO REACT QUICKLY AND EFFECTIVELY . THE TRAINING FOCUSES UPON DEVELOPING QUICK, AUTOMATIC, OR HABITUAL MOTOR REFLEXES AND THE BOXER REACTS WITHOUT GETTING DISTRACTED BY HIS OWN INTELLECT, MIND, SENSES, AND BODY IGNORING HIS OWN PAIN AND INJURIES. — THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE: A BOXER WITH GOOD REFLEXES HAS THE ABILITY TO REACT QUICKLY AND EFFECTIVELY . THE TRAINING FOCUSES UPON DEVELOPING QUICK, AUTOMATIC, OR HABITUAL MOTOR REFLEXES AND THE BOXER REACTS WITHOUT GETTING DISTRACTED BY HIS OWN INTELLECT, MIND, SENSES, AND BODY IGNORING HIS OWN PAIN AND INJURIES.

Just like training for Boxing, military training gives the ability to react quickly, effectively in a reflex action. The military Drill disciplines the Mind and Body to make the man to make quick, automatic or habitual responses when he hears the words of Command. Both Military and Spiritual Disciplines recognize their need for training to achieve the objective of destroying an Enemy who hinders the path to Success or Victory. Military Discipline imparts the ability to fight an external Enemy on the battlefield and Spiritual Discipline is about fighting one’s own internal Enemy. Combating and overcoming an Enemy is of utmost importance to both types of Discipline. In either case, Discipline has the following characteristics: 1. Devotion (“SRADDHA”), 2. Humility (“NAMRATA”-“NIGARVI”), 3. Temperance (“NIYAMA” -“NIGRAHA”), and 4. Perseverance (“KSHAMA”). These attributes or qualities are acquired through training and are found in a trained Soldier and a Spiritual Practitioner or “SADHAK.”

THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE : IN MY VIEW, A MAN IN UNIFORM IS A SPIRITUAL PRACTITIONER OR SADHAK AS THE TRAINING INVOLVES DEVOTION TO LEARNING AND SUBMISSION TO A SOURCE OF HIGHER AUTHORITY. — THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE: “KRAMA SHIKSHA.” IN MY VIEW, A MAN IN UNIFORM IS A SPIRITUAL PRACTITIONER OR SADHAK AS THE TRAINING INVOLVES DEVOTION TO LEARNING AND SUBMISSION TO A SOURCE OF HIGHER AUTHORITY.

Discipline involves the ability to endure hardship. No Discipline is entirely pleasant to begin with. The training imposes pain and builds up pain tolerance and pain resistance. In my view, a Spiritual Practitioner or “SADHAK” and a Soldier face the same kind of challenges to overcome lethargy, inertia and accept physical and mental fatigue as a necessary burden to win their Battle.

THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE : IN MY VIEW, A SOLDIER AND A SPIRITUAL PRACTITIONER OR SADHAK FACE THE SAME KIND OF CHALLENGES. FIRSTLY, TRAINING DEMANDS TOLERANCE OF PAIN AND HARDSHIP. — THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE: “KRAMA SHIKSHA.” IN MY VIEW, A SOLDIER AND A SPIRITUAL PRACTITIONER OR SADHAK FACE THE SAME KIND OF CHALLENGES. FIRSTLY, TRAINING DEMANDS TOLERANCE OF PAIN AND HARDSHIP.

Devotion(Sraddha) speaks of the fact, quality or state of being devoted. The quality called devotion in physical or mental tasks generates feelings of faithfulness, loyalty, and deep affection. Devotion means to give up oneself or one’s time, energy, etc., to some purpose or activity. The attitude called Discipline involves applying oneself with seriousness or earnestness. The purpose of close-order military drill is that of instilling ideas in the person by repeated exercises. A devoted Soldier dedicates himself to his primary task of fighting a battle and willingly prepares himself to get exposed to the risk or danger of severe bodily injury or even loss of life.

Humility (Namrata – Nigarvi) is the state or quality of being humble; absence of self-pride or arrogance. A trained Soldier takes pride in his Service, takes pride in his Unit or Regiment, and takes pride in the dress or uniform that he wears. But, the training that imparts Discipline transforms the Soldier into a man of Humility for he recognizes that self-pride or arrogance are of no use in the learning process.

THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE : DISCIPLINE DEMANDS THE USE OF TEMPERANCE. A TRAINED SOLDIER IS NOT SELF-INDULGENT. SOLDIERS USE SELF-RESTRAINT IN THEIR ACTIONS AND SPEECH. SOLDIERS USE MODERATION IN THE USE OF FOOD AND DRINK FOR THEY LEARN TO REGULATE ALL ASPECTS OF THEIR BEHAVIOR AND CONDUCT. — THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE : “KRAMA SHIKSHA.” DISCIPLINE DEMANDS THE USE OF TEMPERANCE. A TRAINED SOLDIER IS NOT SELF-INDULGENT. SOLDIERS USE SELF-RESTRAINT IN THEIR ACTIONS AND SPEECH. SOLDIERS USE MODERATION IN THE USE OF FOOD AND DRINK FOR THEY LEARN TO REGULATE ALL ASPECTS OF THEIR BEHAVIOR AND CONDUCT.

Temperance(Niyama – Nigraha) is the state or quality of being moderate in indulging the appetites; it involves self-restraint in conduct, expression, not self-indulgent, moderate in one’s actions, speech, apart from moderation in the use of food, and alcohol. A basic quality of a trained Soldier is that of Self-Restraint.

THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE : A TRAINED SOLDIER ACQUIRES THE QUALITY CALLED PERSEVERANCE. A SOLDIER IS STEADFAST, HAS THE QUALITY OF PERSISTENCE AND HE CONTINUES HIS EFFORT IN SPITE OF DIFFICULTY AND STIFF OPPOSITION. — THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE: “KRAMA SHIKSHA.” A TRAINED SOLDIER ACQUIRES THE QUALITY CALLED PERSEVERANCE . A SOLDIER IS STEADFAST, HAS THE QUALITY OF PERSISTENCE AND HE CONTINUES HIS EFFORT IN SPITE OF DIFFICULTY AND STIFF OPPOSITION .

Perseverance (Kshama) is the act of continued, patient effort; the quality of persistence to continue the effort in spite of difficulty or stiff opposition. A trained Soldier is steadfast in his purpose, and he continues his physical or mental activity without shifting to another task because of distractions or of a change in stimulus. Perseverance is the other name for Discipline.

THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE : BOTH MAN AND ANIMAL COME TOGETHER TO MOVE WITH DISCIPLINE AS TRAINING MAKES DISCIPLINE THEIR SECOND NATURE. — THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE: “KRAMA SHIKSHA.” BOTH MAN AND ANIMAL COME TOGETHER TO MOVE WITH DISCIPLINE AS TRAINING MAKES DISCIPLINE THEIR SECOND NATURE.

In my view, the training used by military to impart Discipline, and the techniques used by a Spiritual Practitioner to instill Self-Discipline use the same kind of approach to bring harmony in the interactions between the body, and the mind.

THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE : THE TRAINING THAT IMPARTS MILITARY DISCIPLINE AND THE TECHNIQUES USED BY A SPIRITUAL PRACTITIONER OR SADHAK TO INSTILL SELF-DISCIPLINE AIM TO BRING HARMONY IN THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN BODY AND MIND. — THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE: “KRAMA SHIKSHA.” THE TRAINING THAT IMPARTS MILITARY DISCIPLINE AND THE TECHNIQUES USED BY A SPIRITUAL PRACTITIONER OR SADHAK TO INSTILL SELF-DISCIPLINE AIM TO BRING HARMONY IN THE INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE BODY AND THE MIND.

In military training, the term Soul or Spirit is not used. The term “ESPRIT DE CORPS” refers to group spirit, sense of pride, honor, etc., shared by those in the same group such as a Regiment, or a Branch of Service. Military uses the term ‘spirit’ to describe the frame of mind, enthusiasm, and loyalty shared by a group of its members. If not in Science, in religion, and in philosophy, the terms Soul or Spirit describe a vital, animating Principle that is distinct from the body, and mind. In Indian tradition, it is held that the organs of Sense perception are superior to other organs and tissues of the human body, but more than the Senses, the Mind is superior but more than the Mind, the Intelligence is superior and more than the Intelligence that which is superior is the Seat of Individual Consciousness. Soul or Spirit is intimately associated with the function called Consciousness.

THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE : — THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE: “KRAMA SHIKSHA.” THE INDIAN ARMY TRAINS ITS OFFICERS AT INDIAN MILITARY ACADEMY, DEHRADUN. THESE TRAINEES LEARN ABOUT “ESPRIT DE CORPS” WHICH MEANS GROUP SPIRIT, TAKING PRIDE, AND GIVING HONOR TO THEIR REGIMENTAL AFFILIATIONS.

Science and military training manuals may not use the term Soul but Consciousness and Self-Awareness are important to the learning process at any Military Training Institution.

A good Soldier is precisely like a good Spiritual Practitioner or Sadhak. Both depend upon Self-Denial and Self-Discipline to arrive at their destination or goal which defines their purpose in life.

Discipline develops the character of the individual and Self-Control is the key to overcome the problems of Self-Destructive behaviors.

The Art of Self-Discipline-Napoleon Hill — THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE : “KRAMA SHIKSHA.” NAPOLEON HILL(1883-1970), AMERICAN AUTHOR IN THE AREA OF THE NEW THOUGHT MOVEMENT . ONE OF THE GREAT WRITERS ON SUCCESS. THE MASTERY OF MIND IS CENTRAL TO THE TRAINING THAT ESTABLISHES SELF-DISCIPLINE .

Self-Discipline is not about regulating human behavior and actions using the authority or power invested in the rules and regulations that man makes to bring orderliness and efficiency in the society. Military training establishes Self-Discipline using repeated exercises that instill ideas to control mental activities without using physical force and without using the strict Military Code for Conduct. The success of military training does not depend upon the ability to punish or reprimand people for their errant behavior. Military is a hierarchical organization and it uses a group of persons arranged in order of rank, grade, class, etc., to define the power or authority invested in each person. Man is a complex organization, Indian tradition describes a hierarchy of structures or parts of man that can find unity while man acts helplessly according to the impulses born of the modes of material nature or “PRAKRIT.”

The Indian tradition recognizes operation of a hierarchy of structures as shown in the above photo image. These structures identified as the Body, the Senses (Organs of Sense Perception such as the eyes, and ears), the Mind, the Intellect, and the Soul have positions of importance according to a ranking system, and the thing with a superior rank can control the things with a subordinate rank. However, a force called “MAYA” or Illusion can delude the man and break the Chain of Command.

The human organism is a very complex assembly of trillions of individual, independent, living cells and for purposes of structural and functional organization, these cells are components of different tissues, organs, and organ systems. A basic understanding of human anatomy and human physiology explains the relationships between tissues, organs, and organ systems. Brain is a very important structure but it functions if and only if it is continuously supplied with oxygen and nutrients like glucose to maintain its own metabolic activities. But, the human body and vital organs like heart and lungs depend upon the brain structure called Brain Stem which has the vital regulatory centers that operate functions of respiration and circulation. Within the Brain Stem, the structure called the Reticular Formation is identical to Soul or Spirit described in religious scriptures and philosophical writings. The Reticular Formation is the structure that is intimately associated with the control, regulation of those functions that help to establish man as a conscious, and breathing living entity.

I am intentionally sharing several images of the structure known as the Reticular Formation. It is in the central Brain Stem and extends from Medulla to Thalamus. It has connections with almost all other parts of the Central Nervous System(CNS), such as Spinal Cord, Cranial Nerve Nuclei, Cerebellum, Hypothalamus, Thalamus, Striatum , Limbic System , and Cerebral Cortex. This neural structure which I name as Soul or Spirit plays a central role to develop the trait called Self-Discipline. A disciplined Soldier reacts automatically, and effectively when he hears the words of Command . This reflex motor activity is possible because of the integrative role played by the Reticular Formation.

The Reticular Formation consists of more than 100 Brain Stem Nuclei. A single neuron in this network may have synapses with as many as 25,000 other neurons.

THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE : TO UNDERSTAND THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR SELF-DISCIPLINE , I WOULD INVITE MY READERS TO GIVE ATTENTION TO THE ROLE OF RETICULAR FORMATION IN COMPOSING THE CONTENTS OF CONSCIOUSNESS. — THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE: “KRAMA SHIKSHA” TO UNDERSTAND THE PHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS FOR SELF-DISCIPLINE , I WOULD INVITE MY READERS TO GIVE ATTENTION TO THE ROLE OF THE RETICULAR FORMATION IN COMPOSING THE CONTENTS OF CONSCIOUSNESS.

The Reticular Formation plays an important role in composing the contents of Consciousness. It filters incoming stimuli to discriminate irrelevant background stimuli It regulates actions such as alert/sleep cycles, wakefulness, and behavioral arousal.

THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE : MILITARY TRAINING AND SPIRITUAL PRACTICES TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF BRAIN AND ITS ABILITY TO MAINTAIN ALERTNESS OR GENERAL AROUSAL TO ACCOMPLISH SPECIFIC ACTIONS IN THE PHYSICAL WORLD. — THE ART OF SELF-DISCIPLINE: “KRAMA SHIKSHA” MILITARY TRAINING AND SPIRITUAL PRACTICES TAKE ADVANTAGE OF THE STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF BRAIN AND ITS ABILITY TO MAINTAIN ALERTNESS OR GENERAL AROUSAL TO ACCOMPLISH SPECIFIC ACTIONS IN THE PHYSICAL WORLD.

The Reticular Formation running through Medulla, Pons, and Midbrain helps to coordinate, integrate, and regulate actions of different parts of the Central Nervous System. It is involved in 1. Regulation of Muscles, and Reflex activity, 2. Central transmission of Sensory impulses, 3. Respiration, 4. Cardiovascular responses, 5. Behavioral Arousal, and 6. Sleep. In Indian tradition, the Spirit or Soul exercises similar control to regulate, guide, and integrate the functions of Intellect, Mind, Senses, and Body. The Art of Discipline involves the use of such regulative, and integrative abilities.

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE CELEBRATES ITS PARTNERSHIP WITH INDIAN ARMED FORCES

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE CELEBRATES ITS PARTNERSHIP WITH INDIAN ARMED FORCES :

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE IS CELEBRATING ITS PARTNERSHIP WITH INDIAN ARMED FORCES : INDIA'S TOP MILITARY COMMANDER, GENERAL DALBIR SINGH SUHAG, AVSM VSM SERVED AS THE INSPECTOR GENERAL OF SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE FROM APRIL 2009 TO MARCH 2011. INDIA CELEBRATES ITS 66th REPUBLIC DAY ON 26 JANUARY 2015. — SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE IS CELEBRATING ITS PARTNERSHIP WITH INDIAN ARMED FORCES : INDIA’S TOP MILITARY COMMANDER, GENERAL DALBIR SINGH SUHAG, AVSM VSM SERVED AS THE INSPECTOR GENERAL OF SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE FROM APRIL 2009 TO MARCH 2011. INDIA CELEBRATES ITS 66th REPUBLIC DAY ON 26 JANUARY 2015.

On behalf of Special Frontier Force. Establishment No. 22, I am very pleased to share this post on Indian Armed Forces.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
SPECIALFRONTIERFORCE.ESTABLISHMENT22

Indian Armed Forces

Facts About The Indian Armed Forces That’ll Make You Respect
Them Even More

The Indian Armed Forces, consisting of the Indian Army, the Indian Air Force, the Indian Navy and the Indian Coast Guard are India’s shield and sword, which keep our interests safe, our enemies at bay and the people of our country secure and free. They are respected and adored for their valor and sense of duty by the entire country. Many of us would know about their triumphs and stellar contributions to civilian life. But here are a few facts which will increase your respect for the Indian military ten-fold.

1. India controls the highest battlefield in the world, the Siachen glacier, at 5000 metres above Mean Sea Level (MSL).

Source

2. India has the biggest “voluntary” army in the world.

All serving and reserve personnel have actually “opted” for service. There is a provision for conscription (forced recruitment) in the constitution, but it has never been used.

Source

3. Indian soldiers are considered among the very best in high altitude and mountain warfare.

The Indian army’s High Altitude Warfare School (HAWS) is one of the most elite military training centers in the world and is frequented by Special Ops teams from the U.S, U.K & Russia. U.S Special Forces trained at HAWS before their deployment during the invasion of Afghanistan.

Source

4. India covertly tested its nuclear arsenal in the early 1970s and late 1990s without the CIA even knowing what was happening.

Till date, it is considered to be one of the CIA’s biggest failures in espionage and detection.

Source

5. Unlike other government organisations and institutions in India, there are no provisions for reservations based on caste or religion.

Soldiers are recruited based on their overall merit and fitness based on stringent tests and trials. And once a citizen of India joins the forces, he/she becomes a soldier. Nothing else. Nothing more.

Source

6. In the Battle of Longewala, on which the famous Bollywood movie “Border” is based, there were only two casualties on the Indian side.

The Battle of Longewala was fought in December 1971 between India and Pakistan, in which just 120 Indian Soldiers with 1 jeep mounted M40 recoilless rifle held the fort against 2000 Pakistani soldiers backed by 45 tanks and 1 mobile infantry brigade. Despite being heavily out-numbered, the Indian soldiers held their ground throughout the night and with the help of the Air Force, were able to completely rout the aggressors.

Source

7. Operation Rahat (2013) was one of the biggest civilian rescue operations ever carried out in the world.

It was carried out by the Indian Air Force to evacuate civilians affected by the floods in Uttarakhand in 2013. It was the biggest civilian rescue operations in the world carried out by any Air Force using helicopters. During the first phase of the operation from 17 June 2013, the IAF airlifted a total of about 20,000 people; flying a total of 2,140 sorties and dropping a total of 3,82,400 kg of relief material and equipment.

Source

8. The Ezhimala Naval Academy in Kerala is the largest of its kind in Asia.

Source

9. The Indian army has a horsed cavalry regiment. It is among one of the last 3 such regiments in the world.

Source

10. The Indian Air Force has an out-station base in Tajikistan and is seeking another in Afghanistan.

Source

11. The Indian Army built the highest bridge in the world.

The Bailey Bridge is the highest bridge in the world. It is located in the Ladakh valley between Dras and Suru rivers in the Himalayan mountains. It was built by the Indian Army in August 1982.

Source

12. The Military Engineering Services (MES) is one of the biggest construction agencies in India.

The MES and Border Roads Organisation (BRO) are together responsible for the construction and maintenance of some of the most awesome roads and bridges ever to have been built. To name a few, the Khardungla Pass (the highest motorable road in the world), the Magnetic Hill in Leh, etc.

Source

13. The Indo Pakistan War of 1971 came to end with the surrender of about 93,000 combatants and officials of the Pakistani Army.

This is the largest number of POWs taken into custody since World War II. The war resulted in the creation of the independent state of Bangladesh.

I WISH TO ADD THE FOLLOWING AS AN HONORARIUM TO ALL OUR SOLDIERS (RECEIVED FROM A FRIEND)

THE FINAL INTERVIEW WITH GOD.

MOST TOUCHING THE FINAL INSPECTION

The soldier stood and faced God,
which must always come to pass.
He hoped his shoes were shining,
Just as brightly as his brass.

‘Step forward now, you soldier,
How shall I deal with you?
Have you always turned the other cheek?
To My Church have you been true?’

The soldier squared his shoulders and said,
‘No, Lord, I guess I isn’t.
Because those of us who carry guns,
Can’t always be a saint.

I’ve had to work most Sundays,
And at times my talk was tough.
And sometimes I’ve been violent,
Because the world is awfully rough.

But, I never took a penny,
That wasn’t mine to keep…
Though I worked a lot of overtime,
When the bills got just too steep.

And I never passed a cry for help,
Though at times I shook with fear.
And sometimes, God, forgive me,
I’ve wept unmanly tears.

I know I don’t deserve a place,
Among the people here.
They never wanted me around,
Except to calm their fears.

If you’ve a place for me here, Lord,
It needn’t be so grand.
I never expected or had too much,
But if you don’t, I’ll understand.

There was a silence all around the throne,
Where the saints had often trod.
As the soldier waited quietly,
For the judgment of his God.

‘Step forward now, you soldier,
You’ve borne your burdens well.
Walk peacefully on Heaven’s streets,
You’ve done your time in Hell.’

Author Unknown~

Don’t Break This – Without Apology

Thinking of all the soldiers of the free world.

I’m not breaking this one. If I get it a 1000 times, I’ll forward it a 1000 times! Let us pray

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Indian army soldiers salute the coffin bearing the body of Brigadier Ravi Datt Mehta, the military attache who was killed in a Terror attack in Indian embassy in Kabul, as family members look on during a cremation ceremony in New Delhi on July 8, 2008. Indian defence attache, a diplomat and three other Indian staff members at its heavily fortified embassy in Kabul were among the 41 people killed after a suicide bomber rammed an explosive laden vehicle into the mission gates during the morning rush hour. AFP PHOTO/RAVEENDRAN (Photo credit should read RAVEENDRAN/AFP/Getty Images)

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Coffins of Indian Central Reserve Police Force (CRPF) paramilitary soldiers lie draped with the Indian flag under an awning in Jagdalpur on April 7, 2010, a day after 76 police personnel were killed in a brutally effective attack that undermined a months long government offensive against Maoist insurgents. The massacre, in the central state of Chhattisgarh, was the biggest single blow that the Maoists have landed in their decades long struggle against India’s regional and central governments. Home Minister P. Chidambaram, visiting the region, said the Maoists had executed a complex, multi stage ambush in which a patrol was attacked and two sets of reinforcements had then come under heavy fire. AFP PHOTO/STR (Photo credit should read STRDEL/AFP/Getty Images)

A Prayer chain for our military… Don’t break it!
Send this on after a short prayer for our soldiers – Please Don’t break it!

GOD BLESS YOU FOR PASSING IT ON!

It’s the Military, not the reporter who has given us the freedom of the press. It’s the Military, not the poet, who has given us the freedom of speech. It’s the Military, not the politicians that ensures our right to life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness. It’s the Military who salutes the flag, who serves beneath the flag, and whose coffin is draped by the flag.If you care to offer the smallest token of recognition and appreciation for the military, please pass this on and pray for our men and women who have served and are currently serving our country and pray for those who have given the ultimate sacrifice for freedom. Warm regards,

JAI HIND

TODAY IS THE OLDEST YOU’VE EVER BEEN,YET THE YOUNGEST YOU’LL EVER BE,SO ENJOY THIS DAY WHILE IT LASTS AND LIVE LIFE TO THE FULLEST WHILE YOU CAN……..

THE ART OF SPIRITUAL LIVING

THE ART OF SPIRITUAL LIVING :

From the beginning of human history, the ideas about Spirituality included a desire to find Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility in all of man’s internal and external relationships, while man exists in a physical environment as a member of a social community or society. Both religious thinkers and philosophers have contemplated that Spirituality involves a potency associated with a Principle called Soul or Spirit. In Indian tradition, the term “ATMA” or “ATMAN” refers to Self, Body, Mind, and Soul depending upon different circumstances. In the YOGA System of India, the YOGA practice uses the term ATMA to describe Mind. The purpose of Yoga is to control the Mind and to draw it away from its attachment to sense objects. The term ‘Sensual’ refers to the body and the senses as distinguished from the Intellect, Spirit, or Soul. Sensual pertains to or it is about preoccupation with bodily or sexual pleasures. The term ‘Sensuous’ refers to a variety of things affecting, appealing to, or perceived by the senses. It implies easy susceptibility through the senses, enjoying the pleasures of sensation, and a strong appeal of that which is pleasing to the eye, ear, touch, etc., Since experience of sensual enjoyment involves the Mind, in Indian tradition, Mind is the Chief Sense Organ or ‘INDRIYA’. The term austerity describes a variety of spiritual practices. Austerity in relation to the Mind is a process that includes attributes such as Simplicity, Solemnity, Purity, and Control. Austerity aims to find Satisfaction through the use of Self-Discipline and Self-Restraint. A variety of spiritual practices like austerity, repentance, penance, expiation, and purgation involve accepting Satisfaction, a mental state that relieves the burden to take action to gratify the desires that seem to hold the Mind in a captive condition. In other words, the goal of Spirituality demands finding Contentment, Satiation, and Satisfaction in the living experience of man.

THE SIX INTERNAL ENEMIES OF MAN :

In Indian tradition, the six internal enemies of man constitute a group called ‘ARI VARGA’ and these are 1. KAMA or Lust, 2. KRODHA or Anger, 3. LOBHA or Miserliness, 4. MADA or Arrogance(Self-Pride), 5. MATSARYA or Jealousy, and 6. MOHA or Ignorance + Illusion known as Infatuation.These behavioral traits drive man onto a path of Self-Destruction. These six kinds of behavior are aspects of Desire. The Art of Spiritual Living deals with this problem called ‘DESIRE’ that takes charge of Mind to drive man to take actions that leave him restless, agitated, confused, irritable, resentful, and frustrated if the overpowering Desire is not gratified.

THE ART OF SPIRITUAL LIVING : IT IS THE ART OF MASTERY OF MIND. THE UNBRIDLED, WILD HORSE SYMBOLIZES THE PROBLEM CALLED 'DESIRE', A CHARACTERISTIC OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND ACTIONS THAT ARE OBSERVED AS LUST, ANGER, MISERLINESS, GREED, JEALOUSY, AND ARROGANCE. TAMING THIS HORSE IS THE SUBJECT OF OUR STUDY CALLED SPIRITUALITY. — THE ART OF SPIRITUAL LIVING : IT IS THE ART OF MASTERY OF MIND . THE HORSE IS BRIDLED TO CONTROL IT AND TO GUIDE IT ON A PATH USEFUL TO ITS RIDER . THE UNBRIDLED OR UNCONTROLLED HORSE TRAVERSES ON THE PATH THAT SYMBOLIZES THE PROBLEM CALLED ‘DESIRE’. DESIRE IS A CHARACTERISTIC OF HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND ACTIONS THAT ARE OBSERVED AS LUST, ANGER, MISERLINESS, GREED, JEALOUSY, AND ARROGANCE . TAMING THIS HORSE IS THE SUBJECT OF OUR STUDY CALLED SPIRITUALITY.

Behavioral Science includes any of several studies such as Sociology, Psychology, Anthropology, etc., that examine human activities, conduct, aptitude, manners, and responses that are observable. In Biology, Behavior explains an organism’s responses to stimulation or environment and the observed Behavior is often described as Biotic Interactions which could be Interspecific(interactions between different groups or species) or Intraspecific( within the same group or species, or within the same organism which could be a complex living system). The term Behavioral Therapy and Behavior Modification involve the use of techniques that seek to modify Human Behavior through application of the principles of conditioning in which rewards and reinforcements or punishments establish desired habits or patterns of Behavior. In Indian tradition, the analogy of a Chariot(“RATHA KALPANA” or the Metaphor of Chariot) helps to discuss the relationships between human body, organs of sense perception(Senses), Mind, Intellect which together constitute ‘The Lower-Self’ and Soul that constitutes ‘The Knowing-Self’ or ‘The Higher-Self’.

THE ART OF SPIRITUAL LIVING : IN THE DIVINE SONG, THE BHAGAVAD GITA, PANDAVA PRINCE ARJUNA INFORMS LORD KRISHNA THAT CONTROLLING MIND IS AN EXTREMELY DIFFICULT TASK. REFERENCE GITA CHAPTER VI, VERSE#34.

Pandava Prince Arjuna in The Bhagavad Gita, Chapter VI, Verse#34 stated the utmost difficult problem called controlling Mind :

“Chanchalam hi manah Krishna

pramathi balavad drdham

tasyaham nigraham manye

Vayor iva su-dushkaram,”

For the mind is restless, turbulent, obstinate, and very strong, and to subdue it is more difficult than controlling the wind. Mind is unsteady and unbridled for it gets easily distracted by the strong appeal of things which are pleasing to the senses. Mind when left alone to act by itself, will not be able to cope with the powerful influence called Desire.

THE ART OF SPIRITUAL LIVING : INDIAN TRADITION USES THE ANALOGY OF CHARIOT TO EXPLAIN THE HIERARCHICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INERT MATTER, BODY, SENSES, MIND, INTELLECT THAT CAN HELP TO CONTROL THE HORSES CALLED DESIRES. — THE ART OF SPIRITUAL LIVING : INDIAN TRADITION USES THE ANALOGY OF CHARIOT TO EXPLAIN THE HIERARCHICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INERT MATTER , BODY, SENSES, MIND, AND INTELLECT. THE HORSES REPRESENT SENSES THAT CONSTANTLY PURSUE TO TAKE THE PATH OF SENSUOUS GRATIFICATION. THE CHARIOTEER MUST USE REINS TO RESTRAIN , TO GUIDE , AND CHECKING THE SPEED AND THE DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT OF THE HORSES.

The word DESIRE or craving involves strong, persistent, and passionate feelings to covet, wish, or long for something and it specifically suggests a longing for something lacking or needed. Craving suggests a desire to gratify a physical appetite, an urgent need that stresses intensity or ardor. The term Covet apart from eagerness, earnestness, and wanting ardently, it involves wanting something that another person rightfully possesses. The term greed and avarice describe excessive desire for having especially wealth, a desire for more than one needs or deserves. Greedy behavior involves wanting or taking all that one can get with no thought of others’ needs. Being greedy implies an insatiable desire to possess or acquire something to an amount inordinately beyond what really needs or deserves. A miser is a greedy person, who is stingy and hoards money for its own sake, even at the expense of personal comfort. Miserliness is often makes the person wretched and unhappy as there is no experience of satisfaction even though the desire is gratified. The greedy behavior that involves the habit or act of eating or consuming too much food and drink is gluttonous or gluttony. A voracious person is greedy to devour or gorge large quantities of food. A ravenous person is wildly hungry, is very eager for gratification. Ravenous may also describe insatiable pursuit for praise or social recognition. Such behaviors make the person rapacious; a person who takes things by force, by plundering, robbing or exploiting others. It leads to establishment of a pattern of behavior called predatory in which the person is waiting to seize the opportunity to take by force and is akin to an act of preying. The term lust describes excessive sexual desire especially the zeal or enthusiasm for unrestrained sexual gratification without idealized or spiritualized feelings like love, empathy, friendship, affection, compassion, respect, and commitment to defend the well-being of the person involved in the sexual interaction. The term Carnal describes preoccupation with bodily or sexual pleasures, sensual preoccupation with gratifying the bodily senses that generally involves grossness or lewdness. The behaviors characterized by greed, lust, and gluttony are acquisitive in nature as they stress exertion of effort in acquiring material possessions to an excessive amount or using people like material objects. The term grasping suggests an unscrupulous eagerness for gain that manifests itself in a seizing upon every opportunity to get what one desires. The problem of Desire is often accompanied by emotional feelings of anger, the feelings of resentful or revengeful displeasure that motivates the person to fight back at the supposed cause of the feelings. While anger is expressed in bodily language, facial expressions, words, and acts, the term rage describes a sudden, violent outburst of anger in which self-control is lost. Greed when combined with feelings of anger is often transformed into jealousy, envy, animosity in which the person is resentfully suspicious of a rival or a rival’s influence. It arouses feeling of strong dislike, hatred, ill will and hostility. The degree of a person’s susceptibility to Desire gets shaped by arrogance, or feelings of self-importance which manifests as overbearing or unwarranted self-pride. Along with arrogance comes a behavior in which the arrogant person claims or seizes things for which he has no natural right. In Indian tradition, the problem of DESIRE is manifestation of an underlying phenomenon called “MOH” or “MOHA.” Intense desires are primarily driven by ignorance, problems of sense perception, and operation of a force or influence called ‘ILLUSION’. Moha is operation of a false idea, a false conception, belief, or opinion which is not in accord with facts. Moha or Infatuation causes man’s alienation or estrangement from his true or real nature. The problem of Moha leads to obsession in which ideas, desires, emotions, etc., rule or take possession of a person and the resulting persistent desire cannot be gotten rid of by the use of reasoning or discernment.

THE ART OF SPIRITUAL LIVING : THE DIVINE SONG, THE BHAGAVAD GITA, CHAPTER III, KARMA YOGA, VERSE#5 STATES THAT ALL MEN ARE FORCED TO ACT HELPLESSLY ACCORDING TO THE IMPULSES BORN OF THE MODES OF MATERIAL NATURE OR PRAKRIT. — THE ART OF SPIRITUAL LIVING : THE DIVINE SONG, THE BHAGAVAD GITA, CHAPTER III, KARMA YOGA , VERSE#5 STATES THAT ALL MEN ARE FORCED TO ACT HELPLESSLY ACCORDING TO THE IMPULSES BORN OF THE MODES OF MATERIAL NATURE OR PRAKRIT. ALL HUMAN BEHAVIOR AND ACTIONS HAVE THEIR ORIGINS OFTEN TRACED TO EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENTAL STIMULI .

In The Bhagavad Gita, Chapter III, KARMA YOGA, verse #5 Lord Krishna instructs that men act helplessly according to the impulses born of the Modes of Material Nature or PRAKRIT; therefore, nobody can refrain from doing something, not even for a moment. The term ‘DRIVE’ describes any of the basic biological impulses or urges such as self-preservation, hunger, sex, etc., The term ‘Motivation’ explains the motive, the forces influencing people so as to control the making of their decisions that further provides incentive and causes a person to do something or act in a certain way. The term ‘Instinct’ describes an inborn tendency to behave in a way characteristic of a species. The behavior contributed by instincts is natural, unlearned, and is often involves a predictable response to an external, environmental stimulus. Impulsive behavior involves a sudden inclination to act, usually without premeditation. For impulsive behavior, the driving force, push, thrust, impetus and incitement to action arises from a state of mind or some external environmental stimulus. Psychologists find relationship between behavior and external environmental stimuli, Psychoanalysts define Instinct as a primal, psychic force or drive such as Fear, Love, and Anger. In Freudian Psychoanalysis, instincts are of two kinds, 1. The Life Instinct(EROS), and 2. The Death Instinct(Thanatos). Some instincts may help in a secondary or subordinate way just like an accomplice who aids or abets commission of an unlawful act .

THE ART OF SPIRITUAL LIVING : THE MASTERY OF MIND REQUIRES SOME BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF MENTAL FUNCTIONS AND THE CONVERSION OF MENTAL DESIRES INTO ACTION AND BEHAVIOR. — THE ART OF SPIRITUAL LIVING : THE MASTERY OF MIND REQUIRES SOME BASIC UNDERSTANDING OF MENTAL FUNCTIONS AND THE CONVERSION OF MENTAL DESIRES INTO ACTION AND BEHAVIOR . THE BLUE-COLORED AREA CALLED RETICULAR FORMATION REPRESENTS THE KNOWING-SELF OR THE HIGHER-SELF . THE CORTICAL AREAS OF THE BRAIN BELONG TO SELF OR THE LOWER-SELF .

The Art of Spiritual Living involves the Mastery of Mind to review, to guide, to regulate and to refrain man’s actions and responses to his Enemy called Desire which can overwhelm man’s ability to preserve and support his mortal existence. The coping mechanisms involved in Desire and its Gratification determine the degree of Satiation, Contentment, and Satisfaction man may obtain at any given instant of his life. Contentment and Satisfaction are the building blocks to give the living experience called Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility. I would further examine the practice called Self-Discipline, the chief ingredient of Spiritual Living in my next article.

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The Knower, and The Knowing-Self

HUMAN NATURE AND HUMAN BEHAVIOR

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE KNOWER – THE KNOWING-SELF

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE KNOWER – THE KNOWING-SELF:

WHO AM I ? THE INQUIRY ABOUT SELF:

Man’s role in the vast universe is insignificant. When man looks around, he as the rational observer gets easily overwhelmed by his irrelevance to the great universal order. Man has no choice other than that of knowing himself better. Man has to understand the truth and reliability of his own cognitive powers. Man has to know the truth about Self. Many of my Indian readers are familiar with India’s epic poem, Valmiki Ramayana. While Indians believe that Lord Rama is the Ultimate Reality or the Absolute Truth, in Ramayana’s Book Six, Yuddha Kanda, Sarga or Chapter 117(the final chapter), Prince Rama spoke to Lord Brahma(the Lord God Creator) inquiring, “I think of myself to be a human being by name Rama, the son of Dasaratha; You, as a gracious Divinity, tell me Who am I and Why I am like this ?” To know the truth and reality, man must begin his inquiry with the question, “WHO AM I ?”

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE KNOWER - THE KNOWING-SELF : MAN, THE ENTIRE HUMAN ORGANISM IS DERIVED FROM A SINGLE FERTILIZED EGG CELL . HOW IS THE IDENTITY AND INDIVIDUALITY IS ESTABLISHED AND IS KNOWN IN THIS COMPLEX MULTICELLULAR ORGANIS ??? — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE KNOWER – THE KNOWING-SELF : MAN, THE ENTIRE HUMAN ORGANISM IS DERIVED FROM A SINGLE FERTILIZED EGG CELL . HOW IS THE IDENTITY AND INDIVIDUALITY IS ESTABLISHED AND IS KNOWN IN THIS COMPLEX MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM ???

Man is a physical being, a being with Matter and Form. What is ‘real’ must be distinguished from what is called ‘appearance’. In Indian tradition, the human body is described as unreal as its Form or appearance is subject to constant change. At the same time, it must be recognized that Matter has no independent existence of its own, and Matter gets recognition when it exists while it is associated with a Form. The inquiry about Self must include both Matter and the Form. The existence of Self is known and is experienced by the part of the body called “The Knowing-Self.”

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE KNOWER - THE KNOWING-SELF : IN THE DIVINE SONG CALLED THE BHAGAVAD GITA, CHAPTER II, SANKHYA YOGA, VERSE#13, LORD KRISHNA EXPLAINS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN AND HIS CHANGING FORM OR APPEARANCE. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE KNOWER – THE KNOWING-SELF : IN THE DIVINE SONG CALLED THE BHAGAVAD GITA, CHAPTER II, SANKHYA YOGA, VERSE#13, LORD KRISHNA EXPLAINS THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MAN AND HIS CHANGING FORM OR APPEARANCE.

The Bhagavad Gita, Chapter II, Sankhya Yoga, verse#13 reads:

“dehinosmin yatha dehe kaumaram, yauvanam, jara

tatha dehantara praptir dhiras tatra na muhyati.”

As the embodied Soul continually passes in this body from boyhood to youth and then to old age, a man of courage must not grieve about the passing of Soul after the body dies. This verse needs a very careful interpretation for Matter is neither created nor destroyed. The condition called death applies to the Form or appearance while the Matter has the divine attribute called imperishability. The Soul preserves the Individuality of the Individual who passes through various stages like childhood, youth, and old age with varying physical identities.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE KNOWER - THE KNOWING-SELF : IN INDIAN TRADITION, THE TOTAL MATERIAL SUBSTANCE OR MATTER IS CALLED BRAHMA AND LORD BRAHMA IS THE CREATOR AND IS ESSENTIALLY PRESENT IN THE MATTER THAT HE CREATES. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE KNOWER – THE KNOWING-SELF : IN INDIAN TRADITION, THE TOTAL MATERIAL SUBSTANCE OR MATTER IS CALLED BRAHMA AND LORD BRAHMA IS THE CREATOR AND IS ESSENTIALLY PRESENT IN THE MATTER THAT HE CREATES.

The Bhagavad Gita, Chapter XIV, Gunatraya Vibhaga Yoga, Three Modes of Material Nature, verse#3 describes the total material substance as Brahma, is the source of birth, and in that Brahma, Lord Krishna causes pregnancy(or the generation of varied forms) and thereby causing the possibilities for the births of all living beings. If Matter is Brahma, Lord Krishna is the Creator of Form or appearance using His creative potency which in Indian tradition is described as ‘Maya Shakti’. Brahma, Prakriti or Material Nature describe the material substratum pervading physical existence. Inanimate and inert Earth, Water, Fire, Air, Ether along with Manas(the seat of Mind, Buddhi, Intellect), and Ahankara(EGO) together constitute Lord Krishna’s eightfold material energies or differentiated aspects of Matter.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE KNOWER - THE KNOWING-SELF : MAN IN HIS INQUIRY ABOUT SELF, MUST UNDERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATTER AND FORM AS BOTH REPRESENT THE DIVINE ATTRIBUTES OF A SINGLE INFINITE SUBSTANCE. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE KNOWER – THE KNOWING-SELF : MAN IN HIS INQUIRY ABOUT SELF, MUST UNDERSTAND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MATTER AND FORM AS BOTH REPRESENT THE DIVINE ATTRIBUTES OF A SINGLE INFINITE SUBSTANCE.

Both Matter and Form represent the divine attributes of a single, infinite Substance. In the Bhagavad Gita, Chapter XIII, Kshetra – Kshetrajna Vibhaga Yoga, verses 1,2, and 3 describe the material body as the Field of Activity called ‘KSHETRA’ and one who knows this body is called the Knower of the Field of Activity or ‘KSHETRAJNA’. Lord Krishna further clarifies that He is also the Knower of the Field of Activity in all living bodies. In Indian tradition to understand the human body and its owner is called Knowledge or ‘JNANA’.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE KNOWER - THE KNOWING-SELF : MATTER REPRESENTS GOD AS UNMANIFESTED REALITY FOR GOD'S FORM OR APPEARANCE CANNOT BE DISCERNED BY SIMPLY EXPLORING MATTER. THE LIVING THINGS ACQUIRE A HUGE DIVERSITY IN THEIR FORMS AND APPEARANCE BECAUSE OF A CREATIVE POTENCY THAT TRANSFORMS MATTER INTO LIVING FORMS. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE KNOWER – THE KNOWING-SELF : MATTER REPRESENTS GOD AS UNMANIFESTED REALITY FOR GOD’S FORM OR APPEARANCE CANNOT BE DISCERNED BY SIMPLY EXPLORING MATTER. THE LIVING THINGS ACQUIRE A HUGE DIVERSITY IN THEIR FORMS AND APPEARANCE BECAUSE OF A CREATIVE POTENCY(MAYA SHAKTI) THAT TRANSFORMS MATTER INTO LIVING FORMS.

The subject of man’s inquiry about Self is not about investigating the Infinite Substance or Nature called God. Man must explore his own body and understand what he knows and as to how he knows his own identity. For purposes of clarity, I divide man into two categories; 1. SELF which represents man as a Physical, Mental, and Social being. Self represents the thinking person, and the feeling person, or the person having thoughts and feelings, and 2. THE KNOWING-SELF which represents man as a Moral and Spiritual being. The Knowing-Self is the seat of consciousness where the contents of consciousness are composed in a very selective manner. The Knowing-Self is responsible for the condition called ‘AROUSAL’ that can keep man fully alert and awake. The Knowing-Self knows man’s thoughts, feelings, actions, and sensory experiences. The Knowing-Self plays a central role in maintaining and sustaining the vital functions like circulation, and respiration to support existence.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE KNOWER - THE KNOWING-SELF : IN THIS IMAGE OF HUMAN BRAIN, THE GREEN PORTION OF BRAIN STEM IS CALLED RETICULAR FORMATION. I AM PROPOSING TO CALL IT AS THE KNOWING-SELF AND IT IS THE "KNOWER" OF THE HUMAN BODY WHICH CONSTANTLY CHANGES ITS MORPHOLOGICAL APPEARANCE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TIME CALLED THE AGING PROCESS. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE KNOWER – THE KNOWING-SELF : IN THIS IMAGE OF HUMAN BRAIN, THE GREEN PORTION OF BRAINSTEM IS CALLED RETICULAR FORMATION. I AM PROPOSING TO CALL IT AS THE KNOWING-SELF AND IT IS THE “KNOWER” OF THE HUMAN BODY WHICH CONSTANTLY CHANGES ITS MORPHOLOGICAL APPEARANCE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TIME CALLED THE AGING PROCESS.

Indian tradition and various religious and philosophical traditions speak about Soul, Spirit, and Atman without describing its precise location in the human body which is comprised of trillions of independent, individual living cells which have their own individual life span or lifetime. If the information about Soul, Spirit, and Atman is valid, there must be some useful or practical applications of that information. Indian tradition while being silent about the anatomical description of Soul, Spirit, and Atman, speaks about the hierarchical arrangement of mental functions and guides man to control or exercise supervision of his intellect, mind, sense organs, and the body.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE KNOWER - THE KNOWING SELF : INDIAN TRADITION AND OTHER TRADITIONS OF WORLD DO NOT DESCRIBE THE PRECISE ANATOMICAL LOCATION OF SPIRIT, SOUL, OR ATMAN. THIS IMAGE DESCRIBES THE HIERARCHAL RELATIONSHIPS THAT MANAGE MAN'S MENTAL FUNCTIONS. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE KNOWER – THE KNOWING SELF : INDIAN TRADITION AND OTHER TRADITIONS OF WORLD DO NOT DESCRIBE THE PRECISE ANATOMICAL LOCATION OF SPIRIT, SOUL, OR ATMAN. THIS IMAGE DESCRIBES THE HIERARCHICAL RELATIONSHIPS THAT MANAGE MAN’S MENTAL FUNCTIONS. THIS MODEL SUGGESTS THAT SOUL IS THE CONTROLLER OF INTELLECT, MIND, SENSE ORGANS, AND BODY.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE KNOWER - THE KNOWING-SELF : THIS STATEMENT FOUND IN KATHA UPANISHAD IS OF INTEREST AS IT DESCRIBES THE STRUCTURAL, AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF MAN. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE KNOWER – THE KNOWING-SELF : THIS STATEMENT FOUND IN KATHA UPANISHAD – 1:3:4 IS OF INTEREST AS IT DESCRIBES THE STRUCTURAL, AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION OF MAN.

Indian tradition uses the term “SELF” to describe Soul, Spirit, or Atman. The “SELF” is the ‘Knower’, the Controller, and the ‘Supreme Enjoyer’, or the ‘Indweller’ of the Body which is often called the house or a place of residence. For example, KathOpanishad(KATHA + UPANISHAD),1:3:4 states:

“Atmanam rathinam viddhi,

Sariram ratham eva cha,

Buddhim tu Sarathim viddhi,

Manah pragraham eva cha,

Indriyani hayan ahur,

Visayams tesu gocaran,

Atmendriya -Mano-yuktam

Bhoktety ahur Manisinah.”

This statement may not give the precise location of Soul or Atman in man’s human body but shows as to how man manages his intellect(BUDDHI) to apply restraint on his mind which in return controls the organs of sense perception which are in hot pursuit of desires and cravings of the body whose actions and responses are driven by the sensory experiences of various kinds. It uses the analogy of a Chariot to assign Man and his organs to perform specific roles.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE KNOWER - THE KNOWING-SELF : FROM KATHA UPANISHAD WE GET A DESCRIPTION OF MAN AND HIS STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION WHILE HE LIVES HIS LIFE CHASING HIS DESIRES. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE KNOWER – THE KNOWING-SELF : FROM KATHA UPANISHAD WE GET A DESCRIPTION OF MAN AND HIS STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL ORGANIZATION WHILE HE LIVES HIS LIFE CHASING HIS DESIRES.

This statement must be carefully interpreted for it can have useful practical applications in promoting Man’s Physical, Mental, Social, Moral, and Spiritual Well-being.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE KNOWER - THE KNOWING-SELF : USING THIS STATEMENT, I WANT TO DESCRIBE MAN, SELF, SOUL, SPIRIT, OR ATMAN AS RESIDING IN THE RETICULAR FORMATION OF BRAIN STEM. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE KNOWER – THE KNOWING-SELF : USING THIS STATEMENT, I WANT TO DESCRIBE MAN, SELF, SOUL, SPIRIT, OR ATMAN AS RESIDING IN THE RETICULAR FORMATION OF BRAIN STEM.

Indian tradition is fully concerned about knowing the ‘identity’ of things. My concern is about the ‘unity’ of various parts to establish the Objective and the Subjective Reality of Man’s existence in the natural world. Man is a Mortal Being and his physical existence provides a finite experience for it is related, connected, bonded, associated, partnered or yoked with an Infinite Substance of which Soul, Spirit, or Atman is of interest for it brings Unity between the Infinite and Finite Man’s Physical Reality.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE KNOWER - THE KNOWING-SELF : TO KNOW MAN, THE SELF, SOUL, SPIRIT, OR ATMAN AS THE KNOWER OF BODY IS THE FIRST STEP IN MAN'S INQUIRY ABOUT SELF. THE KNOWLEDGE WILL HELP AND GUIDE MAN TO REACH HIS DESTINATION USING HIS BODY LIKE A CHARIOT. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE KNOWER – THE KNOWING-SELF : TO KNOW MAN, THE SELF, SOUL, SPIRIT, OR ATMAN AS THE KNOWER OF BODY IS THE FIRST STEP IN MAN’S INQUIRY ABOUT SELF. THE KNOWLEDGE WILL HELP AND GUIDE MAN TO REACH HIS DESTINATION USING HIS BODY LIKE A CHARIOT.

Using the analogy of a ‘CHARIOT’, Man can reach the Final Destination or ‘The Goal’ using the Knowledge(JNANA) about Self, Soul, Spirit, or Atman.

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SPIRITUALISM – SELF AND THE KNOWING-SELF

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ART OF KNOWING

Images show China’s Great Wall of Sand

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“TELL ME THE NAMES OF YOUR FRIENDS, I’LL TELL WHO YOU ARE.”

#WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLEVILLAIN – WHOLE VILLAIN – HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS: DR HENRY ALFRED KISSINGER IN HIS BOOK “ON CHINA” FAILED TO ACCOUNT FOR HIS DIABOLIC, VILLAINOUS ACTIONS THAT RECKLESSLY UNDERMINED HISTORY OF THE US-TIBET RELATIONS .

#WholeVillain – WholeVillain – Whole Villain – History of the US-Tibet Relations.

AMERICA’S 1971 OPENING TO PEKING (BEIJING):

#WHOLEVILLAIN AUGUST 10, 1971

THE LIVING TIBETAN SPIRITS:

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Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance Vs Human Evolution. The Concept of Whole Mendelism #WholeMendelism Vs Darwinism:

THE ORIGIN AND EXTINCTION OF SPECIES:

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: GREGOR JOHANN MENDEL(1822-1884), THE FATHER OF GENETICS. AT THE AUGUSTINIAN MONASTERY IN BRNO (1843-1868), HE CONDUCTED OVER 29,000 BREEDING EXPERIMENTS CHIEFLY ON GARDEN PEAS (PISUM SATIVUM).

THE LAW OF BIOGENESIS AND THE LAW OF NATURAL GENERATION:

THE ORIGIN OR THE BEGINNING OF ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS:

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE :

ABOUT GENETICS AND THE CONSTANCY OF GENETIC CODE

THE GENETIC CODE AND THE ROLE OF MUTATIONS:

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE VS HUMAN EVOLUTION: WHAT IS GENETIC DRIFT? CAN IT ACCOUNT FOR THE ARRIVAL OF ANATOMICALLY MODERN HUMANS? CAN WE EXPLAIN MAN AS A PRODUCT OF HYBRIDIZATION AND THE PHENOMENON CALLED GENETIC DRIFT?

MENDEL’S LAWS OF INHERITANCE AND THE MISSING LINK:

NATURAL HISTORY OF HOMINID FAMILY:

THE ORIGIN OF MAN – MONOGENISM VS POLYGENISM:

CHARLES DARWIN – DARWINISM – THE ORIGIN OF SPECIES(1859):

COMPARATIVE ANATOMY WILL DEMOLISH DARWINISM:

THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES-THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN LANGUAGE:

HUMAN IDENTITY, INDIVIDUALITY, AND THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX:

THE PROOF OF PUDDING IS IN THE EATING:

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1. India controls the highest battlefield in the world, the Siachen glacier, at 5000 metres above Mean Sea Level (MSL).

2. India has the biggest “voluntary” army in the world.

3. Indian soldiers are considered among the very best in high altitude and mountain warfare.

4. India covertly tested its nuclear arsenal in the early 1970s and late 1990s without the CIA even knowing what was happening.

5. Unlike other government organisations and institutions in India, there are no provisions for reservations based on caste or religion.

6. In the Battle of Longewala, on which the famous Bollywood movie “Border” is based, there were only two casualties on the Indian side.

7. Operation Rahat (2013) was one of the biggest civilian rescue operations ever carried out in the world.

8. The Ezhimala Naval Academy in Kerala is the largest of its kind in Asia.

9. The Indian army has a horsed cavalry regiment. It is among one of the last 3 such regiments in the world.

10. The Indian Air Force has an out-station base in Tajikistan and is seeking another in Afghanistan.

11. The Indian Army built the highest bridge in the world.

12. The Military Engineering Services (MES) is one of the biggest construction agencies in India.

13. The Indo Pakistan War of 1971 came to end with the surrender of about 93,000 combatants and officials of the Pakistani Army.

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