DISCOVERY OF 200 NEW SPECIES – LAW OF BIOGENERATION AND PROPAGATION

DISCOVERY OF 200 NEW SPECIES – LAW OF BIOGENERATION AND PROPAGATION

DISCOVERY OF 200 NEW SPECIES - LAW OF PROPAGATION AND BIOGENERATION. NEW SPECIES OF PIT VIPER. PROTOBOTHROPS HIMALAYANSUS. — **DISCOVERY OF 200 NEW SPECIES – LAW OF PROPAGATION AND BIOGENERATION. NEW SPECIES OF PIT VIPER. PROTOBOTHROPS HIMALAYANSUS.**

As student of Biology, I am delighted to hear about discovery of 200 new species in Eastern Himalayas where I had participated in military operations conducted by Special Frontier Force.

Carolus Linnaeus(1707 – 1778), Swedish botanist, a doctor of Medicine, and explorer was the first to frame principles for defining ‘genera’ and ‘species’ of organisms and to create a uniform system for naming them. He developed a branch of Science called Taxonomy, the systematic categorization of organisms. His binomial system of nomenclature is still followed to describe modern discovery of plant and animal species.

WHAT IS SPECIES?

Discovery of 200 New Species - law of Biogeneration and propagation. New species Impatiens lohitensis. — **Discovery of 200 New Species – law of Biogeneration and propagation. New species Impatiens lohitensis.**

Species is a term of Classification in which living things are either grouped or separated by using a set of characteristics. Species is fundamental unit of Classification to describe populations of morphologically similar, interbreeding or potentially interbreeding individuals that share the same collection of inherited characteristics whose combination is unique to that Species. A “GENUS” is a group in which the members differ specifically while sharing certain common traits. Species differ from one another while they belong to a generic group.

A Species always breeds true and its members always generate organisms which can be classified as belonging to the same species., however much they vary among themselves as individuals within the group. The sub-groups, the ‘races’, or ‘varieties’ of Species are able to breed with one another but diverse species cannot interbreed. Organisms different in species cannot reproduce productively and if crossbred, they produce a sterile hybrid. Offspring will always be of the same Species as the parent organism.

Species is distinguished by its ability to maintain its stability from generation to generation. Species is self-perpetuating and hence they maintain stability of all other groupings like ‘Genera’, ‘Families’, ‘Orders’, ‘Classes’, and ‘Phyla’ which remain as fixed from generation to generation. As identity of Species remains fixed from generation to generation, identity of ‘Genera’, ‘Families’, ‘Orders’, ‘Classes’, and ‘Phyla’ remains fixed. The variations generated in the breeding process are never enough to change the basic criteria applied in identification of Species. For this reason, Species of living things appear to be ‘immutable’ in type throughout the ages.

BIOGENETIC LAW OF GENERATION AND PROPAGATION

Generation means to produce offspring. Propagation describes ability to transmit hereditary characteristics by reproduction. Biogenetic Law or the Law of Natural Generation states the principle that living organisms originate only from other living organisms closely similar to themselves; generation of organisms in that way.

The Origin of a new form of Life may lie outside operation of ‘natural mechanisms'(such as reproduction), natural processes, natural causes, and natural events. The arrival of a new form of Life cannot be entirely accounted by examining natural conditions that prevail on Earth. If Origin of Life cannot be explained as a natural phenomenon, I would ask my readers to consider the possibility of ‘Supernatural’ mechanism, cause, processes, or events.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG



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200 new animal and plant species discovered in the Himalayas

05 October 15 by BECCA CADDY

A fish that can walk (kind of), another with Dracula fangs and a monkey that can’t stop sneezing are all part of a range of newly discovered plant and animal life found in the Himalayas.
The discoveries are detailed in a report from the WWF, detailing more than 200 animal and plant species that are new to science. Hidden Himalayas. Asia’s Wonderland documents the new species that have been encountered and officially described over the past six years in the eastern Himalayas.

Described by WWF as “one of the biologically richest areas on earth”, the region encompasses Nepal, Bhutan and the northern Indian states of Arunachal Pradesh, Assam and Sikkim. It also includes areas of north Bengal, Myanmar and southern Tibet.

Over the past six years, 133 plants, 39 invertebrates, 26 fish, 10 amphibians, one reptile, one bird and one mammal have been discovered.
Here are some of the most interesting:

Walking “Fishzilla”

**Discovery of 200 New Species – Law of Biogeneration and Propagation. Vibrant Blue Walking Snakehead Fish. Channa andrao discovered in West Bengal, India.**

Vibrant blue walking snakehead fish
Henning Strack Hansen

The blue Dwarf ‘Walking’ Snakehead fish, officially named Channa andrao, was discovered in a swamp in West Bengal, India.
There are a number of snakehead fish species in the area, but this one is different because it has a distinguishing colour pattern, dorsal and anal fin rays and lateral-line scales.
And like some other snakeheads, it can also survive on land. That’s right, this fish is able to breathe atmospheric air and live on the land for up to four days. What does it do when it’s there? Well, it moves like a clumsy-looking snake and can travel a whole quarter of a mile like that. Which is why some have dubbed it the “walking fish” or, rather harshly, “fishzilla”.

Shy Spotted Bird

**299 New Species Discovered – Law of Biogeneration and Propagation. Spotted-Wren-Babbler. Elachura formosa. New Family – Elachuridae.**

Spotted-Wren-babbler
Ramki Sreenivasan

There are more than 1,000 species of birds in the Himalayas. But that doesn’t mean there isn’t room for one more teeny tiny one.
Meet the spotted wren-babbler, more formerly known as Elachura formosa, a small bird that hangs out in the thick undergrowth found in dense Himalayan forests.
It’s got no close lineage, which means a whole new family of bird has been created, the Elachuridae, just for this one spotted species.

Described by WWF as “extremely secretive and difficult to observe”, the babbler is only 10cm long and the males of the species have a high-pitched song, which is unusual for Asian birds.

Blue-Eyed Frog

**200 New Species Discovered – Law of Biogeneration and Propagation. Leptobrachium bompu. Bompu Litter Frog.**

Bompu Litter Frog
Sanjay Sondhi

There have been ten new amphibian discoveries documented over the past six years in the Himalayas and the Leptobrachium Bompu is one of the most interesting.

The Indian L.Bompu is different to other species of frog because of its impressive peepers. Its eyes are a strikingly grey-blue hue and its pupils are vertically aligned. It also has wrinkled skin and a number of distinct markings on its body.

According to WWF, the frogs are small (47mm) but also calm and docile. If picked up, they’re likely to make a loud “kek- kek-kek-kek” call.

Horned Frog

L.Bompu isn’t the only interesting new frog on the report, meet Megophrys ancrae, a so-called “horned frog”.

The horned frog is usually hard to spot because it’s so well-camouflaged. Parts of its skin even mimic the look of veins on leaves, so these frogs can sit on the forest floor and be mistaken for dead, shrivelled leaves from the trees above.

Found mainly in two large protected forests in Arunachal Pradesh, the frog measures between 2cm and 12.5cm and has two distinct horns, which are actually its eyebrows.

“The challenge is to preserve our threatened ecosystems before these species, and others yet unknown are lost”

Sami Tornikoski, leader of the WWF Living Himalayas Initiative

Sneezing “Snubby” Monkey

DISCOVERY OF 200 NEW SPECIES - LAW OF BIOGENERATION AND PROPAGATION. NEW MONKEY SPECIES. RHINOPITHECUS STRYKERI. SNEEZING MONKEY. — **DISCOVERY OF 200 NEW SPECIES – LAW OF BIOGENERATION AND PROPAGATION. NEW MONKEY SPECIES. RHINOPITHECUS STRYKERI. SNEEZING MONKEY.**

The discovery of the “sneezing monkey”, a large mammal is seen as hugely significant.

Found in the remote region of the far north Myanmar, the monkey has been well-known to local people for years and has been nicknamed “snubby”. The monkey gets its name from its unusual sneezing habit — it sneezes when rain gets in its nose, which is turned upwards towards the sky. This is the reason many of the sneezing monkeys (or Rhinopithecus strykeri) sit with their head between their knees when the weather turns drizzly.

There have only been a few photos taken of the snub-nosed monkey, which has led experts to classify it as “critically endangered”.

Vampire fish

DISCOVERY OF 200 NEW SPECIES - LAW OF BIOGENERATION AND PROPAGATION. DANIONELLA DRACULA. — **DISCOVERY OF 200 NEW SPECIES – LAW OF BIOGENERATION AND PROPAGATION. DANIONELLA DRACULA.**

Twenty-six different species of fish have been discovered over the past six years in freshwater from the Himalayan mountains to the subtropical lowlands.
Found in a stream in the far north Myanmar, the “Dracula minnow” (Danionella dracula) is strikingly unique. It’s different to similar genus of fish because it has actual fangs at the front of each jaw — the evolutionary cause of which is still unknown. It’s not too scary though, measuring only 16.7mm.

Bejewelled pit viper

Protobothrops himalayansus, pit viper
Liang Zhang

A new viper has been found with a distinctive red, orange and yellow pattern that the WWF likened to “a carefully crafted piece of jewellery”. Named the Himalayan lance-headed pit viper (Protobothrops himalayansus), this shiny snake is known to inhabit trees and has extremely toxic venom.

And it isn’t just its markings that set it apart from similar snakes — it also measures 1.5m long.

“The Eastern Himalayas is at a crossroads”

Sami Tornikoski, leader of the WWF Living Himalayas Initiative

A new orchid

DISCOVERY OF 200 NEW SPECIES - LAW OF BIOGENERATION AND PROPAGATION. BULBOPHYLLUM NEPALENSE. NEW ORCHID SPECIES DISCOVERED IN NEPAL. — **DISCOVERY OF 200 NEW SPECIES – LAW OF BIOGENERATION AND PROPAGATION. BULBOPHYLLUM NEPALENSE. NEW ORCHID SPECIES DISCOVERED IN NEPAL.**

There have been some interesting new botanical discoveries too, and one of the most beautiful is this new species of orchid.
Found in Nepal, Bulbophyllum nepalense has an unusual structure of oblong dorsal sepals, elliptic petals and an oblong decurved ligulate lip.

As well as providing details of new species, the WWF report also highlights some of the threats facing the region. Only 25 percent of the original habitats in the region are currently intact and many of the species are considered to be globally threatened.

“The challenge is to preserve our threatened ecosystems before these species, and others yet unknown are lost,” said Sami Tornikoski, leader of the WWF Living Himalayas Initiative said.

“The Eastern Himalayas is at a crossroads. Governments can decide whether to follow the current path towards fragile economies that do not fully account for environmental impacts, or take an alternative path towards greener, more sustainable economic development,” he added.

© Condé Nast UK 2015

**Discovery of 200 New Species – Law of Biogeneration and Propagation – Bulbophyllum nepalense. A new Orchid species.On nepaliorchids.blogspot.ru**

**Discovery of 200 New Species – Law of Biogeneration and Propagation – Danionella dracula.On www.seriouslyfish.com**

**Discovery of 200 New Species – Law of Biogeneration and Propagation.**

**Discovery of 200 New Species in Eastern Himalayas – Law of Biogeneration and Propagation.**

**DISCOVERY OF 200 NEW SPECIES – LAW OF BIOGENERATION AND PROPAGATION. SNEEZING MONKEY.**

**DISCOVERY OF 200 NEW SPECIES – LAW OF BIOGENERATION AND PROPAGATION. PROTOBOTHROPS HIMALAYANSUS. PIT VIPER.**

**DISCOVERY OF 200 NEW SPECIES IN HIMALAYAS – LAW OF BIOGENERATION AND PROPAGATION.**

**DISCOVERY OF 200 NEW SPECIES – LAW OF BIOGENERATION AND PROPAGATION. SNEEZING MONKEY(YUNNAN SNUB-NOSED MONKEY. IMAGE ALTERED TO RESEMBLE DISCOVERY MADE IN BURMA)**

Discovery of 200 New Species – Law of Biogeneration and Propagation. New Banana species Musa markkui.

Discovery of 200 New Species – Law of Biogeneration and Propagation. Dwarf Snakehead Fish.

BHARAT DARSHAN – THE LAW OF CAUSALITY – DINOSAUR EXTINCTION

BHARAT DARSHAN – THE LAW OF CAUSALITY – DINOSAUR EXTINCTION

Dinosaurs Extinction Proof Finally Discovered? — **BHARAT DARSHAN – DINOSAUR EXTINCTION – THE LAW OF CAUSALITY. WHAT IS THE ‘EFFICIENT CAUSE’ AND ‘FINAL CAUSE’ TO EXPLAIN DINOSAUR EXISTENCE?On guardianlv.com**

The term ‘causality’ refers to quality, power, or agency by which one event causes another. Every change in nature is produced by some cause. Causality is the relation between an event called ‘CAUSE’ and a second event called ‘EFFECT’ where the first event is understood to be responsible for the second. The Law of Cause and Effect states that every material effect must have an adequate antecedent or simultaneous cause. According to Aristotle, knowledge of a thing goes beyond its classification and description. Knowledge of a thing requires explanation of Causality, or why it is. Aristotle explained that corporeal things are composite of two principles; 1. Form, and 2. Matter. What is called ‘Matter’ is potentiality, and what is called ‘Form’ is actuality. ‘Form’, and ‘Matter’ together constitute concrete individual realities. For a thing to be known, Aristotle posited four ‘Causes’ or principles of explanation. These are, 1. The Material Cause( substance of which the thing is made), 2. The Formal Cause(its design, its morphological appearance), 3. The Efficient Cause( the maker or builder, or designer of a thing, or a principle that may contain features of its effect, or has power to produce that effect) and 4. The Final Cause( the ultimate purpose or function of a thing).

Natural Sciences such as Physical Sciences and Biological Sciences provide information about physical matter, and living things that exist in our natural world. The purpose of Science is to describe and codify observation and experiences. I like to arrange this information into a meaningful pattern and interpret it to describe reality or truth about life and living things. I apply a reasoning process that involves analysis of basic concepts to determine their consistency. The information about Dinosaur extinction has to be interpreted by examining basic concepts such as ‘Matter’, ‘Form’ and Fundamental Laws of Conservation which account for existence of all things found in natural world.

Dinosaurs reached maximum development during Cretaceous Period or third geologic period of Mesozoic Era. Cretaceous was followed by Tertiary Period of Cenozoic Era. At the end of Cretaceous Period, and beginning of Tertiary Period called K-T Junction, a Major Extinction Event eliminated approximately 80 percent of all species of animals. This K-T Extinction Event happened about 65 or 66 million years ago. While Dinosaurs dominated or ruled Earth, they belonged to two orders, and about 700 species have been named. There is controversy about the number of Dinosaur species that lived. About 350 complete specimens are known. There are 300 valid Dinosaur genera like Stegosaurus, Diplodocus, etc., Scientists believe that there could be 700 more Dinosaur species not yet discovered. To give a perspective, all these Dinosaur species are less than one-tenth the number of living Avian(bird) species, less than one-fifth the number of currently known Mammal species, and less than one-third the number of currently known Arachnid(Spider) species. Life forms perished during K-T Extinction Event and yet it has not stopped emergence of new forms of Life. While individual forms of Life or Species experienced individual death or demise, Living Matter continued to exist as if it is imperishable, immortal, immutable, or even eternal. There is an underlying Principle stated in Classical Physics that may explain as to why Life was not wiped out by K-T Event.

The Fundamental Laws of Conservation

The Fundamental Laws of Conservation describe Principles applied in Physics that certain physical properties of an isolated system remain constant with time. Laws of this type govern Mass, Energy, and Momentum. Each such Law signifies that ‘Nature’ does not change with passage of time. Conservation of Mass implies that Matter can be neither created nor destroyed, that is processes that change physical or chemical properties of Chemical Compounds leave the total ‘Mass’ unchanged. Conservation of Energy implies that Energy can be neither created nor destroyed although it can be changed from one form into another. If Dinosaurs are viewed as things with two principles called Matter and Form, the Form called Dinosaur died and its Matter called Protoplasm survived. Biology explains that living things change under the influence of time. Change is a natural phenomenon that Biology observes all the time. This ‘Change’ which is natural is always supported by ‘Unchanging’ Principle of Nature that conserves some values like mass and energy. Chemical Elements are neither destroyed or created while living things experience individual death or birth.

Prime Cause vs Final Cause

It may be difficult to describe that ‘Efficient Cause’, the maker, the designer, the builder of things called Dinosaurs. It may be equally difficult to describe that ‘Final Cause’, that ultimate purpose for which Dinosaurs lived on planet Earth for about 150 million years. In present day world, a single animal species called Homo sapiens sapiens seems to dominate all other life forms. This Species has not existed during the long history of planet Earth for it arrived during current Geological Period called Holocene Epoch of the Cenozoic Era. During this period, planet Earth also witnessed extinction of a great variety of Mammals like Mastodon, Mammoth, Sabertooth carnivores apart from all archaic species of man. If Extinction Events are random, unguided, spontaneous, and purposeless events, man has to explain as to why Living Matter exists on Earth performing guided, goal-oriented, sequential, and purposeful actions. Dinosaurs missed an opportunity to demonstrate Prime Cause, Efficient Cause, and Final Cause while they lived over millions of years. Can Man afford to miss this opportunity to define his purpose in Life?

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

Scientists suggest a new, earth-shaking twist on the demise of the dinosaurs

By JOEL ACHENBACH October 01, 2015.

BHARAT DARSHAN – THE LAW OF CAUSALITY – DINOSAUR EXTINCTION. ASTEROID IMPACT MAY HAVE TRIGGERED EVENTS LEADING TO DINOSAUR DEMISE. BUT, WHAT IS THAT EFFICIENT CAUSE AND FINAL CAUSE THAT MAY ACCOUNT FOR DINOSAUR EXISTENCE FOR NEARLY 150 MILLION YEARS?

An illustration of the Chicxulub impact on the Yucatan Peninsula in Mexico, seen from 100 kilometers (km) altitude. (D. van Ravenswaay/Photo Researchers, Inc)

New research suggests that the asteroid or comet that slammed into the Earth 66 million years ago rocked the planet so violently that it accelerated a massive volcanic eruption in India, a double catastrophe that wiped out the dinosaurs and 70 percent of the Earth’s species.

The study, published Thursday in the Journal Science, puts a twist on the consensus explanation of the mass extinction at the end of the Cretaceous period. Scientists have long been confident that a mountain-sized object crashed into the planet, leaving traces even today of a vast crater at the tip of Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula.

They’ve also known that massive volcanism in India was happening around the same time, spreading lava across a huge region known as the Deccan Traps. The coincidence of those two events initially hinted at causality, but subsequent dating of the Deccan Traps formations indicated that the flood of basaltic lava began long before the cataclysmic impact.

With the new data, causality’s once again in play. The asteroid or comet didn’t cause the initial eruption, but it could have intensified it, according to the paper.
The Chicxulub impact – named after a town in the Yucatan – created earthquakes of magnitude 11 in the vicinity of the crater, the authors say. Magnitude 9 earthquakes would have been felt around the planet, they say.

The seismic energy made the planet’s crust more permeable. Molten rock deep in the interior began flowing through fractures. As that magma expanded, gasses in the solution began forming bubbles. As with a shaken soda bottle, the results were likely explosive.

“Once that’s initiated, it becomes a kind of runaway process,” said Paul Renne, a University of California, Berkeley geologist and lead author of the new paper.

Lava leftovers may offer clues to dinosaur extinction

**BHARAT DARSHAN – THE LAW OF CAUSALITY – DINOSAUR EXTINCTION. WHAT CAUSED DINOSAUR EXTINCTION? AT THE SAME TIME, I MAY ASK AS TO WHAT CAUSED DINOSAUR EXISTENCE?**

Eruptions in India could have contributed to their extinction. Researcher Mike Eddy uses a rock hammer to scrape out fine-grained material from a rock layer within the Deccan Traps, step-like hills formed by lava in India that cover roughly the sizes of the states of Washington and Oregon combined. Around the end of the Cretaceous period, there was a massive volcanic eruption in India. Gerta Keller

His co-author Mark Richards, another Berkeley geologist, was lead author on a study published in April that said the Chicxulub impact, increased volcanic activity and mass extinction may have occurred “within less than about a hundred thousand years of each other.” The latest study reports new measurements that narrow that window to less than 50,000 years.

Major gaps remain in the data, but these events “could have been exactly at the same time,” Richards said. That would then suggest causality and not random coincidence: The object from space could have boosted the rate of lava flows.

The end-Cretaceous mass extinction has been the subject of rancorous debates in the scientific world. Until 1980, no one had a solid theory for what triggered the dinosaurs’ die-off. Then the father-son team of Luis and Walter Alvarez reported anomalous amounts of iridium in a clay layer right at the geological boundary between the Cretaceous and what is now called the Paleogene period. Iridium is rare on Earth but common in extraterrestrial objects. They hypothesized a giant impact, and the discovery of the crater remnants a decade later seemed to close the case.

But the volcanism camp persisted. They pointed out the extreme levels of volcanism at the same time as the impact. Was all that lava irrelevant?

Gerta Keller, a Princeton geologist who has long championed the idea that the volcanism, and not the Chicxulub impact, led to the mass extinctions, said in an email that “there is still the big problem of demonstrating that this impact could have triggered the intense eruptions that led to the mass extinction.”

The new research could point to an eventual reconciliation of the two views, Renne and Richards believe. Both camps could both be right to some degree. First came the blow from space, which incited the blow from the Earth’s molten interior.

“Maybe it’s a paradigm-uniting theory,” Richards said.

**BHARAT DARSHAN – THE LAW OF CAUSALITY – DINOSAUR EXTINCTION. VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN INDIA CAUSED DINOSAUR DEMISE. I MAY LIKE TO ASK AS TO WHAT CAUSED DINOSAUR EXISTENCE.**

Paul Renne, director of the Berkeley Geochronology Center and a professor-in-residence at UC Berkeley, inspects a reddened soil horizon called a red bole between lava flows. (Mark Richards, UC Berkeley)

Joel Achenbach writes on science and politics for the Post’s national desk and on the “Achenblog.”

national/health-science, speaking-of science

BHARAT DARSHAN - LONG-LASTING VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN DECCAN TRAPS REGION OF INDIA MAY HAVE CAUSED EXTINCTION OF DINOSAURS. EACH DINOSAUR CREATURE LIVED AS INDIVIDUAL WITH INDIVIDUALITY. — BHARAT DARSHAN – LONG-LASTING VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN DECCAN TRAPS REGION OF INDIA MAY HAVE CAUSED EXTINCTION OF DINOSAURS. EACH DINOSAUR CREATURE LIVED AS INDIVIDUAL WITH INDIVIDUALITY. NOW, WE NEED A THEORY TO EXPLAIN THE CAUSE FOR THEIR EXISTENCE.

BHARAT DARSHAN – DINOSAUR – INDIVIDUAL WITH INDIVIDUALITY

BHARAT DARSHAN – DINOSAUR – INDIVIDUAL WITH INDIVIDUALITY

BHARAT DARSHAN - LONG-LASTING VOLCONO ERUPTIONS IN DECCAN TRAPS REGION OF INDIA MAY HAVE CAUSED DINOSAUR EXTINCTION. — **BHARAT DARSHAN – DINOSAUR – INDIVIDUAL WITH INDIVIDUALITY. LONG-LASTING VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN DECCAN TRAPS REGION OF INDIA MAY HAVE CAUSED DINOSAUR EXTINCTION.**

volcanoes in india — **BHARAT DARSHAN – DINOSAUR – INDIVIDUAL WITH INDIVIDUALITY. VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN INDIA COINCIDED WITH PERIOD OF DINOSAUR EXTINCTION.**

On ugandaculture.com

... killed the dinosaurs also triggered volcanic eruptions creating the — **BHARAT DARSHAN – DINOSAUR – INDIVIDUAL WITH INDIVIDUALITY. ASTEROID IMPACT MAY HAVE TRIGGERED VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN DECCAN TRAPS REGION OF INDIA DURING A TIME DESCRIBED AS K-T EVENT.**

On bangaloremirror.com

To students of Biology, extinction of dinosaurs is a subject of great interest. Dinosaurs describe a large group of reptiles that dominated Earth for nearly 150 million years in the Mesozoic Era. They came in different sizes, ranging in length from 2 feet to nearly 90 feet and varied in weight up to 75 ton. Their eating habits were varied and are thought to be egg-layers.

Certain life forms on Earth suddenly perished while life on Earth continued to survive without showing any significant damage or alteration of corporeal substance called protoplasm or cytoplasm. The same kind of biomolecules operate living functions and living process involves same oxidation-reduction chemical reactions while individual life forms have their own lifespans. When Dinosaurs lived, each one of them lived as Individual with Individuality even if they all perished as a group. Volcanic eruptions in India may have caused demise of dinosaurs and I am sharing this story as this subject needs careful interpretation of natural events. Every Cause may have its own Effect. If Asteroid Impact and Volcano eruption is the Cause, Dinosaur extinction is the Effect, I want to know as to What is the Cause that compels living things to always exist as Individuals with Individuality while they seem to share a common destiny?

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG



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Did a massive volcanic eruption in India kill off the dinosaurs?

By JOEL ACHENBACH December 11, 2014

dinosaur-eruption.jpg&w=480 — **BHARAT DARSHAN – DINOSAUR – INDIVIDUAL WITH INDIVIDUALITY.**

(Mark Garlick/Getty Images)

There’s a solid consensus among scientists about what happened to the dinosaurs 66 million years ago: A mountain-sized meteorite crashed into the planet and triggered a mass extinction. The debris from the impact has been found in hundreds of locations around the world. Geologists have also found signs of the giant crater, centered around the tip of Yucatan Peninsula.

But there has long been an alternate theory, espoused by a rump caucus of researchers who think they’ve never been given a fair hearing. They believe the extinction was caused, at least in part, by an extraordinary volcanic eruption in India.

This eruption created the Deccan Traps, a geological formation that covers nearly 200,000 square miles of western India. It was created by a flood of basaltic lava, the kind of eruption seen today on the Big Island in Hawaii. But the eruption that formed the Deccan Traps was unusually prolonged and prodigious. All told, the eruption produced about 1.3 million cubic kilometers of lava, which is about 1.3 million times as much material produced by the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens. The eruption pumped enormous, climate-changing quantities of carbon dioxide and sulfur dioxide into the atmosphere.

Now scientists have found a way to date more precisely the Deccan Traps eruption, and the results are a boost, potentially, for the volcano-did-it camp.
The main pulse of the lava flow began about 250,000 years before the mass extinction event, and ended about 500,000 years after, according to a paper published online Thursday in the journal Science. Thus if the eruption is not a significant factor in the mass extinction, it’s a remarkable coincidence. Earlier attempts to date the Deccan Traps, using less precise methods, had a much larger margin of error, on the order of plus-or-minus one million years.

The lead author of the paper, Blair Schoene, a professor of geosciences at Princeton, said the results indicate that both the catastrophic impact and the more gradual, but extraordinary, volcanic eruption could have been factors in the end-Cretaceous mass extinction.

“Both are potentially really important,” Schoene said. “I don’t know if we can say the extinction would have or would not have happened without both of them.”
One obvious scenario: Climate change caused by the eruptions could have stressed the biosphere and set the conditions for a greater die-off when the asteroid smashed the planet.
“I sort of favor the one-two punch idea,” Schoene said.

Stronger words come from one of the paper’s co-authors, GERTA KELLER, another Princeton professor who has been among the most outspoken proponents of the hypothesis that the Deccan Traps caused the mass extinction. Keller has long maintained that the asteroid impact happened earlier than the die-off and couldn’t have been the trigger. Her work has been controversial, and she has long been viewed as a maverick in the scientific community.

“I think this is a game-changer,” she said of the new results. She said the new dating of the Deccan Traps strengthens the case for volcanism as the “primary cause” of the mass extinction.
“The data is so strong at this point that the momentum is entirely on my side,” she said.

The researchers took rock samples in India and scrutinized them for crystals containing uranium and lead. Crystals of zircon form in magma with trace amounts of uranium inside. The uranium gradually decays into lead. Because the rate at which uranium decays is well-known, the ratio of uranium and lead isotopes in the crystals serves as a kind of clock, revealing how long it has been since the crystals formed.

Lava leftovers may offer clues to dinosaur extinction

dinosaurs -0091418237413.jpg — **Bharat Darshan – Deccan Traps – Dinosaur – Individual with Individuality.**

Another co-author of the Science paper, Sam Bowring of M.I.T., said what’s important is that everyone now knows more accurately when the Deccan Traps eruptions began and ended.

“I do not think for a minute that this denigrates the role of the impact in the extinction, and I don’t think it proves that the impact didn’t have anything to do with the extinction. But what I think it does, for the first time, is establish with high precision and accuracy that the Deccan Traps began just prior to the extinction and continued throughout the extinction,” Bowring said.

“Whether or not you can say it played a role in the extinction is quite another matter. But at least now we can have a conversation on good temporal grounds,” Bowring said.

The fundamental problem for the hypothesis that volcanism caused the mass extinction is that it doesn’t seem to be necessary. The mass extinction, including the demise of the non-avian dinosaurs, was for a long time among the greatest mysteries in science, but few people view it as a mystery anymore.

Until 1980, scientists struggled to understand why so many life forms abruptly went extinct. Not only did the tyrannosaurs disappear, so did many species in the seas, including most of the species of tiny marine organisms called foraminifera. The Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, usually referred to as the K/T boundary (the K is from the German word for Cretaceous), is clearly marked in marine sediments by the sudden drop in the size and diversity of foraminifera. Below the boundary, in older sediments, the forams are relatively large. Above, there are only small forams. The evidence points to a sudden, planet-wide extinction event.

Historical explanations included some kind of disease, or the drying up of inland seas putting stress on the dinosaur population, or a supernova irradiating the Earth. But then came the stunning discovery by Luis and Walter Alvarez, father and son scientists, who while studying a clay layer marking the K/T boundary in Italy found striking amounts of iridium.
That iridium, the Alvarezes concluded, came from an object from space that collided with the planet. In the decade that followed, scientists zeroed in on the “crater of doom” at the tip of the Yucatan. Residue from the impacting asteroid, which is believed to have been about seven miles in diameter, has been found in roughly 300 locations around the planet. There are also signs of a tsunami that inundated coastal Texas.

Scientists prefer parsimonious explanations — the simpler the better. Thus many appear reluctant to add the Deccan Traps to a tidy K/T extinction narrative. The asteroid impact appears to be the smoking gun, and any additional element to the narrative could potentially have a grassy-knoll quality to it.

“It’s a remarkable event, it’s a huge impact, and it lines up exactly with the extinction,” said Kirk Johnson, director of the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History and an expert on the mass extinction. “You don’t need anything else.”

David Fastovsky, a geoscientist at the University of Rhode Island, said a coincidence in the fossil record doesn’t imply causation. Asked whether the volcano-plus-impact could have been a one-two punch, he said, “Possibly, but why do we need to do that? We have enough already with this asteroid.”

But volcanoes will not be ignored: The largest extinction event in the planet’s history, about 250 million years ago at the end of the Permian, appears to have happened at the same time as another massive volcanic eruption in Siberia — the Siberian Traps. There was also a huge volcanic eruption in what is now the northern Atlantic Ocean that was coincident with a mass extinction at the end of the Triassic, Bowring said.

“The idea that flood basalts and extinctions are related is not a new idea,” Bowring said. “Easy to say, difficult to prove.”

Another conjecture circulating among geophysicists is that the impact of the asteroid might possibly have sent such a powerful jolt of energy through the planet that it exacerbated the already-occurring Deccan Traps eruption on the far side of the world, and incited volcanic activity in other locations as well. That idea remains in the category of speculation.
The broader lesson here is that science is not a business in which anyone can ever safely say “case closed.” Knowledge is always contingent upon the next batch of data, which could be coming along any day now.

Joel Achenbach writes on science and politics for the Post’s national desk and on the “Achenblog.”

national/health-science

The Washington Post

Volcanic activity in modern-day India, not an asteroid, may have ... — **Bharat Darshan – Dinosaur – Individual with Individuality.On www.redicecreations.com**

Long-Lasting Volcanic Eruption Killed the Dinosaurs, New Study Shows — **Bharat Darshan – Dinosaur – Individual with Individuality. Long-Lasting Volcanic Eruption may have killed the Dinosaurs but they lived as Individuals.On www.wallstreetotc.com**

Volcanic eruptions in India, not asteroid kill dinosaurs: new study — **Bharat Darshan – Dinosaur – Individual with Individuality. Asteroid Impact and Volcanic Eruptions may have caused extinction of Dinosaurs while they lived as Individuals.On www.thenewstribe.com**

dinosaurs became extinct because of volcanoes not ice age according to ... — **Bharat Darshan – Dinosaur – Individual with Individuality. There are theories about the mystery of Dinosaur Extinction. Dinosaur lived as Individual with Individuality.On stateschronicle.com**

Volcanoes in India killed dinosaurs — **Bharat Darshan – Dinosaur – Individual with Individuality. Volcanic Eruptions in India may have killed the Dinosaurs.On www.9newz.com**

Asteroid and volcanoes together killed the dinosaurs - Mobiletor.com — **Bharat Drashan – Dinosaur – Individual with Individuality. India contributed the concept of ‘Individualism’.On www.mobiletor.com**

— Huge volcanic eruptions that belched sulfur into the ... — **BHARAT DARSHAN – DINOSAUR – INDIVIDUAL WITH INDIVIDUALITY. VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS IN INDIA MAY HAVE KILLED ALL DINOSAURS WHILE THEY LIVED AS INDIVIDUALS.On www.wired.com**

**Bharat Darshan – Dinosaur – Individual with Individuality. What killed all the Dinosaurs?**

On bakumyri.everything-fine.info

... India that preserves remnants of one of the largest volcanic eruptions — **Bharat Darshan – Dinosaur – Individual with Individuality. India preserves remnants of one of the largest volcanic eruptions of Earth’s history.On www.dailymail.co.uk**

Bharat Darshan – Dinosaur – Individual with Individuality. When we speak about Dinosaurs, we have to recognize that each lived as Individual with Individuality. Deccan Traps of India preserve history of life on Earth.On www.hngn.com

Search The Totally volcanoes that killed dinosaurs Children's Learning ... — **Bharat Darshan – Dinosaur – Individual with Individuality. Events in India may have killed all the individual members of all Dinosaur species that existed.On bakumyri.everything-fine.info**

... volcanic eruptions, and therefore the effect of the Deccan Traps on — **Bharat Darshan – Dinosaur – Individual with Individuality. Discover India to learn about Dinosaur Extinction.On earthsky.org**

... strike 65million years ago would have killed huge numbers of dinosaurs — **Bharat Darshan – Dinosaur – Individual with Individuality. Asteroid Strike about 65 million years ago may have triggered volcanic eruptions in India.On www.dailymail.co.uk**

There is little doubt that an asteroid killed off the dinosaurs, but ... — **Bharat Darshan – Dinosaur – Individual with Individuality. Cause and Effect. Asteroid Impact may have caused Volcanic Eruptions. The Effect was Dinosaur Extinction.On www.news.com.au**

The extinction of the dinosaurs was caused by volcanoes image 2 — **Bharat Darshan – Dinosaur – Individual with Individuality. The Mystery of Dinosaur is explained by the Cause and Effect Theory. Why do living creatures always exist as Individuals?On techcrash.net**

the ocean off Mexico 66 million years ago and killed off the dinosaurs ... — Bharat Darshan – Dinosaur – Individual with Individuality. Asteroid Impact in the ocean off Mexico about 65-66 million years ago is the cause of Dinosaur extinction. What is the ‘Cause’ to account for Dinosaur Individuality?On www.biosciencetechnology.com

If there had been no impact, we think there would have been a massive ... — Bharat Darshan – Dinosaur – Individual with Individuality. Asteroid Impact. Volcanic Eruption and a chain of related events caused the effect called Dinosaur extinction. What caused their Individuality?On therealslimkd.blogspot.in

Bharat Darshan – Dinosaur Extinction. What is the Mystery behind Dinosaur Extinction? Why do living things live as Individuals with Individuality while they share a common Destiny?

Bharat Darshan – Dinosaur Extinction.Asteroid strike near Mexico may have caused Major Extinction Event called K-T Event. Impact site 1600km from Central America.

Bharat Darshan. Asteroid Impact in Mexico may have triggered Volcanic Eruptions in India leading to Dinosaur Extinction.

TIBET WAS NEVER PART OF CHINA

TIBET AWARENESS – TIBET WAS NEVER PART OF CHINA:

On behalf of Special Frontier Force I am pleased to share an article published by ‘The Tibet Post’ which categorically asserts that “Tibet Was Never Part of China.” I thank Central Tibetan Administration(CTA) for releasing their 21-page document which debunks Red China’s claims about Tibet’s status. Red China is a Liar for she deliberately distorts historical information and reinvents history to justify her evil actions.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
SPECIALFRONTIERFORCE.ESTABLISHMENT22

Tibet post International

Tibet: News International

HISTORY IS AGAINST CHINA; CTA SAYS TIBET WAS NEVER PART OF CHINA

Monday, 07 September 2015 12:32 Molly Lortie, Tibet Post International

Dharamshala — In response to the most recent white paper regarding Tibet issued by the Chinese Communist Party in August, the India based Central Tibetan Administration has released a 21-page document attempting to set the record straight regarding the historical timeline China has claimed.

While China observed its 50th anniversary of the establishment of the ‘Tibet Autonomous Region,’ the 21-page document entitled “TIBET WAS NOT A PART OF CHINA BUT MIDDLE WAY REMAINS A VIABLE SOLUTION,” was released by Sikyong Dr Lobsang Sangay, accompanied by DIIR Secretary Sonam Norbu Dagpo, DIIR Secretary Tashi Phuntsok and Tibet Policy director, Thubten Samphel.

The CTA revisits the elongating historical claims that China stakes over Tibet. Reminding us that, “the white paper on Tibet in 2004 claims that ‘Tibet became part of the territory of China in the 13th century.’ On the other hand, the Chinese Republican-era scholars assert that Tibet became a vassal state of China during the Qing period (1644-1911). Now, with its latest white paper, China has again shifted the goal post and states that Tibet has been an integral part of China since ‘antiquity’.”

The CTA goes on to refute each of China’s claims, revisiting the history of the region. In terms of the vague ‘antiquity’ that China most recently claims, the rise of the Tibetan Empire was in the seventh century CE, when both the King of Nepal and Emperor of China courted the Tibetan Empire and each offered their daughters to the Tibetan Emperor for marriage.

The first to suggest that this claim to Tibet holds no weight was the former Vice-chairman, of the standing committee of the National People’s Congress of China, who refuted his own government’s claim in 1989, saying, “some historians claim that Tibet had been a part of China from antiquity, some others claim since the time of Tibetan king Songtsen Gampo through his marriage to the Chinese princess. I do not agree with both these views. When you talk about antiquity, there is no time line or if it is from the time of Songtsen Gampo’s marriage, we all know that the first queen of Songtsen Gampo was Nepal’s princess in which case Tibet should be part of Nepal. How can we explain this?”

Going on to counter the claim that Tibet became a part of China during the 13th century, the CTA revisits Tibet’s history with Mongolia at the time. “The Yuan dynasty was a Mongol empire and its ruler Genghis Khan and his successors conquered vast territories in Europe and Asia, including China. By 1279, the Chinese Song dynasty in southern China fell before the advancing Mongols. The Mongols’ conquest of China was complete. Today, China claims the Yuan Dynasty to be its own dynasty and, by doing so, it lays claim to all Mongol conquests, at least in the eastern half of the Mongol Empire.”

However, a Tibeto-Mongol relationship was established in 1240, when a Mongol expedition was launched to Tibet, thus leading to a religious relationship between the Mongol leaders and Tibetan religious hierarchs. It is well known that Kublai Khan embraced Tibetan Buddhism, adopting it as the official religion of his empire. “In gratitude, Kublai Khan offered his Tibetan lama political authority over all Tibet in 1254, conferring various titles on him. This Tibeto-Mongol relationship continued to exist even after the fall of the Yuan Dynasty.”

The dates of these expeditions, relations and invasions fail to match the timeline that the Chinese government claims. “The year of Mongol military expedition to Tibet in 1240 preceded the Mongol invasion of China’s Song Empire in 1279 by 39 years. This debunks China’s claim over Tibet based on the relations between Mongol Empire and Tibet’s Sakya Lamas.” The CTA concludes that even if by transitive property all Mongol conquests were in fact Chinese conquests, the Tibeto-Mongol relationship predated the fall of the Chinese Song Empire.

Finally, in opposition to China’s final claim that Tibet was acquired during the Qing Dynasty, the CTA’s response uses a statement made by the imperial envoy and commander of the Manchu army, General Fu K’angan, to the Eighth Dalai Lama in 1792, showing the nature of the ‘regulations’ imparted by the Manchu emperor after he assisted the Tibetans in expelling the Gorkhas from Tibet. The statement clearly exudes the Emperor’s context as a protector or assister, rather than a ruler ordering his subjects, as the statement ends with, “The Tibetans may, therefore, decide for themselves as to what is in their favour and what is not or what is heavy and what is light, and make a choice on their own.”

Furthermore, after the conclusion of all the history that China claims made Tibet a part of China, it was in 1914 that Tibet signed a bilateral treaty with British India called the Simla Agreement, legitimizing Tibet’s independent status. Mao Zedong himself remarked after the long march that China’s only foreign debt was to the Tibetans for the provisions we owe them.

The CTA succeeded in using the history against China to refute their broken record that Tibet was at any point in history, part of China. The CTA suggests that the recent most intrusion into Tibet’s history is a blatant attempt of the Communist party to doctor history, to literally stretch the truth, in attempt to legitimize their continued occupation of the region, when in reality the history is against them.

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FIFTH MAHAVAKYA – TAT ASMI PRABHO – FUNDAMENTAL DUALISM

Aphorism refers to a short, concise statement of principle. The ‘Upanishads’ are commentaries on texts called Rig Veda, Sama Veda, Yajur Veda, and Atharva Veda. The Upanishads include four short, pointed sentences expressing a general truth. These Upanishadic Aphorisms are popularly known as ‘MahaVakya Chatushtaya’ or Four MahaVakyas. These four statements are primarily concerned with man’s true or real identity or ‘ESSENCE’ and relate that identity to God’s true or real identity. If man and God have the same identity, we have to reconcile that identity to account for the man’s existence in the real world as a mortal, physical being. We need to explore the possibility of separation, distinction, or differentiation of two identical entities on the basis of things they do for their ‘EXISTENCE’. The term ‘essence’ accounts for what you are, and the term ‘existence’ accounts for what you do. Existence always precedes Essence, and if there is no Existence, the Essence of entities will not be known. The Fifth MahaVakya, “Tat Asmi PrabhO” is attributed to great Indian teacher known as Adi Shankaracharya, the founder of Indian School of Thought called “ADVAITA” or Non-Dualism. While man and God are of the same kind, the distinction, or differentiation between the two entities is that of degree. Man-God Dualism may account for two different types of existence; man’s conditioned existence, and God’s unconditioned existence.

FOUR MAHAVAKYAS – MAHAVAKYA CHATUSHTAYA – UPANISHADIC APHORISMS:

FIFTH MAHAVAKYA - "TAT ASMI PRABHO" - FUNDAMENTAL DUALISM: — FIFTH MAHAVAKYA – “TAT ASMI PRABHO” – FUNDAMENTAL DUALISM: MAN-GOD DUALISM. MAN IS A CONSCIOUS BEING. THERE IS DISTINCTION BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE DIVINE CONSCIOUSNESS IN TERMS OF THE CONTENTS OF THE CONSCIOUSNESS.

Man is a conscious living entity. Life can be defined as ‘Knowledge in Action’ as all living functions involve the application of knowledge to perform sequential, purposeful, goal-oriented, guided, predictable actions to provide benefit to the Individual who lives because of those actions. God is the Source of Knowledge and there is a distinction between Individual Consciousness and Universal Consciousness.

There is a fundamental distinction between Individual Soul (Atman or Jeevatma) and Supersoul or Paramatma. In terms of nature, Individual Soul is identical to Supersoul or Paramatma or God for both share same attributes like Immutability, Imperishability, and Immortality. Atman exists as an embodied soul. Atman is modified by the body in which it resides. The difference between Atman and Brahman is that of variations of existence as Atman is governed by rules for its existence.

Man-God Dualism, Atman-Brahman Dualism is transcended by man-God connection, partnership, relationship, association, bonding, or yoking that brings them together to give a single, harmonious effect. This statement, “Tat Twam Asi” or ‘Thou Art That’ is a truth that derives its reality from fundamental Unity, an operating principle that makes the man-God Connection. For all practical purposes, the division, distinction, or differentiation into two separate identities becomes redundant for man-God Connection works like the animals yoked by a harness to perform actions in the field of activity called the Human Body or “Kshetra.”

Atman-Brahman, man-God Dualism or separation, or division is removed when the Subject called “I” is united with the Object called Brahman. Atman is Divine and the original source of this Divinity is Brahman. Their Unity, the Unity with an Everlasting Principle is specified by a term of vocabulary or “SHABDA” called “ASMI.”

FIFTH MAHAVAKYAS - "TAT ASMI PRABHO" - FUNDAMENTAL DUALISM: — FIFTH MAHAVAKYA – “TAT ASMI PRABHO” – FUNDAMENTAL DUALISM: THE INDIAN TRADITION RECOGNIZES OTHER MAHAVAKYAS AND NONE OF THEM, INCLUDING THE FIRST FOUR, GIVE A FULL DESCRIPTION OF LORD GOD CREATOR. THEY DESCRIBE ONE FACE OF A COIN WITH TWO-FACES.

The Indian tradition recognizes several other ‘MahaVakyas’ and none of them, including the first four (‘MahaVakya Chatushtaya’), give a full description of LORD GOD CREATOR. Upanishadic Aphorisms describe one face of a coin with two-faces. Identity and Essence is one face of a coin and Existence is the second face of the same coin. We have to learn about both faces of the coin.

Man-God Dualism can be recognized by noting the difference between Moon Light and Sunshine. There is an Original Source of Light and Illumination which is not illumined by any other luminous object.

Atman-Brahman or man-God Dualism is the result of Constitutive – Regulative Dualism. Atman is Brahman for there is Constitutive Unity between the two entities. Between the man and God, there is Regulative Dualism for God is the Ultimate Controller, Sustainer, and Maintainer of entire Universe.

Atman is described as imperishable, immutable, immortal, everlasting, eternal, and even unborn. These attributes can be applied to all Chemical Elements found in the material universe as per the Fundamental Laws of Conservation of Mass and Energy described in classical Physics.

Atman or Jeevatma, or Individual Soul may share the perfect identity of Supersoul or Paramatma or Supersoul. Man-God Dualism is about the ‘degree’, the difference in power, or the effects of such Power. God is different from the man while God created the man in His own image. God is different for He is the Supreme Being, Omnipotent, and His Power can reach all places.

Man-God Dualism can be described as the separation of Regulative Power. All created things exist depending upon God’s power, or they live in God’s domain and God exists fully independent of power used by all created things. God seems to be telling, ” I am everywhere, and everything is in Me, but still I am aloof.” Lord Krishna, in the Divine Song, called The Bhagavad Gita, Chapter IX, Raja Vidya, Raja Guhya Yoga, Most Confidential Knowledge of the Ultimate Truth, verse # 4 clarifies, ” I pervade all this creation. All things are resting in me, but I am not in them.” This separation of Regulative Power is further explained in Bhagavad Gita, Chapter XIII, Kshetra – Kshetrajna Vibhaga Yoga in verses 12 to 15: “It is called Brahman, the Spirit, and it lies beyond the cause and effect of this material world. The Supersoul is the original source of all senses, and yet He is without senses. He is unattached or detached and disinterested (“UDASIN” in the Sanskrit language), although He is the Maintainer of all living beings. He transcends the modes of Nature, and at the same time is the Master of all modes of material Nature. God is the Controller, the Master, the Sustainer, the Maintainer, the Preserver, the Observer, the Sanctioner, and finally the Enjoyer of His creation.

God has shared His nature and identity with the man and may not have shared His higher Regulative Powers with which He controls all that He created. Man cannot rule or govern his own body while he uses power sanctioned by God to perform actions in the material world. The recognition of God’s higher powers will direct the man to submit to God’s superior authority.

Man-God Dualism can be explained in terms of the chemical identity of a drop of Seawater as compared to the Sea to which it belongs. There is no comparison if the discussion is about the power wielded by Sea.

Man-God Dualism can be explained as a difference in degree that can be estimated by measuring salt needed to impart the taste called saltiness. A teaspoonful of salt is sufficient to impart the salty taste to a cup of water. To make Seawater salty, the amount of salt required is enormous and the issue is about quantity as the volume of water involved is different. Brahman and Atman are identical, share the same nature or “TATVA”, and the difference arises from the amount of salt needed if their nature is that of saltiness.

The Upanishads are outpourings of Knowledge and Truth revealed by God and the man has obtained this Knowledge and Truth. Yet the problem of the man – God Dualism persists for the man needs Divine Providence to perform a vital function called Breathing or Respiration. While the man has access to Knowledge that accounts for his Essence, his Existence still demands God’s Mercy, Grace, and Compassion to make the distinction between life and death.

Shankara, India’s great teacher, founder of ‘Advaita’ School of Thought recognized the distinction between the teacher and his student. The teacher is the Source of Knowledge. The student is the seeker of Knowledge. The teacher imparts Knowledge and the student imbibes that Knowledge. On completion of the learning process, the teacher and the student are identical in terms of learned Knowledge. That identity in terms of ‘Essence’ does not change the reality of the Teacher-Student or Guru-Shishya relationship. Their relationship is formulated on the basis of devotion, the seeker of knowledge and wisdom using an attitude of respect and obedience submits to the authority of the teacher, who is the source of information shared in the learning process. In ‘Eka Sloki’ composed by Shankara, the Disciple or Shishya, or Student finally acknowledges his successful learning of the lesson by addressing his Guru as “PRABHU” or LORD. For God is the ultimate source of Knowledge, the term ‘Prabhu’ or Lord can be interpreted as that of recognition of God’s honor, dignity, and majesty that makes Him as an Exalted One. The statement, “TAT ASMI PRABHO” not only describes Identity or Essence shared by man and God for both have Unity (signified by the term “ASMI”), but also it addresses God with submissiveness and reverence. It transcends man – God Dualism by formulating a relationship using Devotion as an operating principle.

MAN – GOD DUALISM – HOW TO TRANSCEND THE BARRIER?

Does Truth lie beyond man’s reasoning power? Man can acquire true or real knowledge about his ‘essence’ and identity from reading holy scriptures like Upanishads. But, man’s reasoning power is not adequate to know the Ultimate Reality as there is fundamental dualism or separation of man and God. While Soul, Spirit, or Atman is an important operating principle to make the distinction between living and non-living or animate and inanimate things, its knowledge will not help man to transcend the difference imposed by God’s Regulative Power. In Bhagavad Gita, Chapter X, The Infinite Glories of the Ultimate Truth or Vibhuti Vistara Yoga, verse # 10 Lord Krishna explained the operating principle called ‘DEVOTION’ that will bring the man and God together for the man cannot know God using his reasoning power.

“tesam satata yuktanam bhajatam priti purvakam

dadami buddhi yogam tam yena mam upayanti te.”

To those devotees who are constantly devoted and worship Me with love, I bestow the intelligence, insight, and understanding by which they can come unto Me (which means merging of Individual Consciousness with the Ultimate Divine Consciousness).

The Fifth MahaVakya, “Tat Asmi PrabhO” reveals a new principle, a new truth, a new operative mechanism not shared by Four MahaVakyas or MahaVakya Chatushtaya. It acknowledges God as the Supreme Being and addresses God with reverence displaying an attitude called submissiveness formulated by a guiding principle called Detached Devotion. The fact of connection to the LORD does not grant the right to attachment to the LORD.

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada,

BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

BHARAT DARSHAN – ILLUMINATION OF INTELLECT – GAYATRI MAHA MANTRA

What is Intelligence?

Intelligence is the cognitive or knowing component that is distinct from affective (emotional), or motivational (drive) components of human behavior. Intelligence includes over 120 specific abilities, highly varied although overlapping skills, and does not describe a single faculty. Many people view Intelligence as a faculty possessed by higher organisms that have abilities of perception, cognition, responsiveness, communication, awareness, and consciousness for they associate intelligence with specialized functions performed by nervous system and organs like brain. However, such a view of intelligence as a mental function or neurological function is not a comprehensive view.
Biology is about studying cells as blocks of life and knowing life at the molecular level. Cognitive Science is giving attention to cognitive abilities of living cells, and cells use molecules to identify other living cells, use the cognitive ability to identify molecules with which they interact. Viruses, bacteria, and protozoa (unicellular organisms like the Malarial parasite) have cognitive abilities, have memory power, acquire knowledge, possess knowledge, and use knowledge to adapt to changing external environmental conditions. In other words, they behave like ‘intelligent’ living entities. We cannot ignore their ‘intelligence’ as it poses a direct challenge to human existence. Millions of human beings lost their lives prematurely because of these simple organisms that use knowledge and information to evade detection and to defeat immunological system that keeps body under constant surveillance to defend it from foreign pathogens or disease-causing agents. While ‘AIDS’ virus alone killed millions of people all over the world, man is still trying his best to fight this virus making a huge effort that involves both time, money, and careful research. Viruses, bacteria, and parasites causing diseases like Malaria acquire drug resistance for they have the ability to recognize these chemical molecules that block their living functions or metabolic pathways. Millions have perished in epidemics caused by influenza and others while vaccines or immunization may provide some relief. Even in the best of hospitals all over the world, patients are dying on account of drug-resistant pathogens or infections which have no easy treatment as they overwhelm body’s protective mechanisms.

Non-living matter has no intelligence. Intelligence exists in all living entities. Physical systems do not apply intelligence in their own operations unless the system is designed by an intelligent entity. For that reason, intelligence has to be viewed as ability to exploit Laws of Natural Science for material benefit of the living, intelligent entity.

BHARAT DARSHAN - ILLUMINATION OF INTELLECT - GAYATRI MAHA MANTRA. AITAREYA UPANISHAD. SOURCE OF SUPREME KNOWLEDGE. PRAJNANAM. — **BHARAT DARSHAN – ILLUMINATION OF INTELLECT – GAYATRI MAHA MANTRA. AITAREYA UPANISHAD. SOURCE OF SUPREME KNOWLEDGE. PRAJNANAM.**

Indian tradition guides us to think of ‘intelligence’ as a special ability imparted by God to help the living entities to exist by exploiting matter, energy, and other living things present in external environment. The concern is about the ‘source’ or ’cause’ of this intelligence. All of us can view these viruses, bacteria, and protozoa using instruments like microscopes. When you view and obtain photo images, you cannot find any kind of material evidence to suggest that they may have intelligence. But, we have to realize that the most common cause of death in old age is not that of deterioration caused by the aging process. Most elderly simply die on account of infections like pneumonia that compromises vital function like respiration.

BHARAT DARSHAN - ILLUMINATION OF INTELLECT - GAYATRI MAHA MANTRA. DIVINE SOURCE OF LIFE, MATTER, ENERGY, CONSCIOUSNESS, INTELLECT, KNOWLEDGE, AND WISDOM. MAN'S INHERITANCE FROM DIVINE MOTHER. — **BHARAT DARSHAN – ILLUMINATION OF INTELLECT – GAYATRI MAHA MANTRA. DIVINE SOURCE OF LIFE, MATTER, ENERGY, CONSCIOUSNESS, INTELLECT, KNOWLEDGE, AND WISDOM. MAN’S INHERITANCE FROM DIVINE MOTHER.**

In my understanding, Gayatri Maha Mantra invokes the blessings of LORD GOD Creator (“SAVITA”), the source of Knowledge and Intelligence implanted or innate to the living entities. Gayatri Mantra can be used day and night, at any time, as man’s existence faces constant challenges from both known and unknown directions at any given instant. A healthy brain, healthy neurological system boosts up man’s immune system and keeps it vigilant and energetic at all times. I would recommend seeking the blessings of Gayatri Mantra before going to sleep as man cannot avoid night and the activity called resting period. As you all know, there is no Sunrise, there is no Sunset, and Sun or “Savitur” shines at all times with about the same intensity. Sunrise and Sunset are phenomena caused by a powerful influence called ‘grand illusion’ or ‘MAYA’. Reflecting, meditating, remembering, or chanting of Gayatri Mantra transcends the influence of illusion that obstructs man’s perception of his source of Knowledge and Intelligence.

WHAT IS INNATE KNOWLEDGE?

BHARAT DARSHAN - ILLUMINATION OF INTELLECT - GAYATRI MAHA MANTRA. VIEW OF AITAREYA UPANISHAD. — **BHARAT DARSHAN – ILLUMINATION OF INTELLECT – GAYATRI MAHA MANTRA. VIEW OF AITAREYA UPANISHAD.**

Knowledge is of two kinds; 1. Innate Knowledge, and 2. Acquired or Learned Knowledge. Our concern is not about acquired or learned knowledge which involves a learning process, a knowing process, a cognitive process to process new information. In Science, biological information or genetic information is thought of ‘Innate Knowledge’ as living things primarily depend upon this source of information to perform guided, sequential, goal-oriented, and purposeful actions. Similarly all actions or behavior exhibited by living things are of two kinds; 1. Innate Behavior, and 2. Acquired Behavior.

BHARAT DARSHAN - ILLUMINATION OF INTELLECT - GAYATRI MAHA MANTRA - CONSCIOUSNESS IS OPERATION OF INNATE KNOWLEDGE. — **BHARAT DARSHAN – ILLUMINATION OF INTELLECT – GAYATRI MAHA MANTRA – CONSCIOUSNESS IS OPERATION OF INNATE KNOWLEDGE.**

The most important characteristic that helps to make distinction between living and non-living, or between animate and inanimate is called ‘consciousness’ or ‘chetana in Sanskrit language. There is a fundamental dualism as matter can be sensible or insensible. Consciousness is a biological function, a living function by which a living entity knows the fact of its own living condition separated from an external environment. The knowledge that imparts ‘consciousness’ is not the same as genetic information inherited by transmission of hereditary characteristics. Genetic or biological information is species-specific and during reproduction, each species breeds true to its own species as per the Law of Biogenesis. Consciousness is a characteristic shared by all living things or is common to all living beings. Consciousness originates because of ‘implanted knowledge’ and it can be described as, maternal inheritance or cytoplasmic inheritance that is not related to genes or chromosomes.

BHARAT DARSHAN - ILLUMINATION OF INTELLECT - GAYATRI MAHA MANTRA. AITAREYA UPANISHAD MAHAVAKYA OR UPANISHADIC STATEMENT ABOUT SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE. — **BHARAT DARSHAN – ILLUMINATION OF INTELLECT – GAYATRI MAHA MANTRA. AITAREYA UPANISHAD MAHAVAKYA OR UPANISHADIC STATEMENT ABOUT SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE.**

Kindly reflect on these two verses from ‘Aitareya Upanishad'( Commentary on Rig Veda) and its statement, “PRAJNANAM BRAHMA.”

Ye nekshate sruno teedam, jighrati vyakaroti ca
Swadva Swadu vijaanati, tat Prajnana mudeeritam.

Chaturmukhendra Deveshu, Manushya asva gava deshuh
Chaitanya me ekam Brahma tah, Prajnanam Brahma mayyapi.

‘Atman’, Spirit, or Soul is associated with this biological function called ‘consciousness’ or ‘CHETANA’ and makes the difference between life and death. In common practice, we announce the fact of physical death as ‘soul departed’. When a man or a living entity dies, we can always diagnose the fact of death by scientific observation and tests and issue death certificate without any doubt. Even when a person is unconscious or in deep coma, still we can recognize the difference between life and death by conducting tests and eliciting conscious, reflex actions.

Gayatri Maha Mantra gives an opportunity to explore the Divine Source of Energy, Force, or Power that is manifested as Life, Consciousness, Intelligence and Knowledge, characteristic possessions of Living entities.

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada,
Ann Arbor, MI, USA 48104-4162.
BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

bharat darshan gayatri source of intelligence — **Bharat Darshan – Illumination of Intellect – Gayatri Maha Mantra – Divine Providence – Divine Blessings.**

bharat darshan gayatri maha mantra — **Bharat Darshan – Illumination of Intellect – Gayatri Maha Mantra. Source of Life.**

bharat darshan gayatri blessings — **Bharat Darshan – Illumination of Intellect – Gayatri Maha Mantra – Source of Intelligence.**

bharat darshan gayatri source of knowledge — **Bharat Darshan – Illumination of Intellect – Gayatri Maha Mantra – Source of Knowledge.**

BHARAT DARSHAN - ILLUMINATION OF INTELLECT - GAYATRI MAHA MANTRA. — **BHARAT DARSHAN – ILLUMINATION OF INTELLECT – GAYATRI MAHA MANTRA.**

bharat darshan gayatri time for meditation — **Bharat Darshan – Illumination of Intellect – Gayatri Maha Mantra – Time for Meditation**

Living cells have a corporeal substance called Protoplasm that has the ability of Spiritual Biotic Interactions. The Biological Membrane or Cell Membrane separates the cell from its environment and other living cells present in the environment. Cells use unique proteins, biological molecules and receptor sites to recognize the other living cells and use chemical signals to facilitate the interactions. Such interactions between living cells have the characteristics of consciousness or awareness.

BHARAT DARSHAN – SONS AND DAUGHTERS OF MOTHER INDIA

BHARAT DARSHAN – SONS AND DAUGHTERS OF MOTHER INDIA

I am pleased to share the following stories on sons and daughters of Mother India which gives a sense of pride and joy to know about them.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG



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ॐ

यो मां पश्यती सर्वत्र सर्वं च: मयि पश्यती
तस्याहम न प्रणश्यामी स: च मे न प्रणश्यति

“He who sees me everywhere, and sees everything in Me, he never gets separated from Me, nor do I get separated from him”
-Bhagwat Geetha Ch. VI verse 30

7 IAS Officers Who Paid A Tough Price For Being Honest & Fighting Corruption

Shubhi DixitAug 31
“Honesty is the best policy.”
We have grown up learning this from our elders. Moral science, if you may. However, in the present world, picking one side from black and white is not feasible. Most of us live in the shades of grey. Why? Because we are practical people who would not risk our lives going in the extremes.
Unlike most of us, the ones who decide to tread the path of honesty saw a tough time. They are smart, intelligent, and educated people. Yet in the real world, it takes more than that to be able to bring a change. Especially when the ones you are fighting are the ones who are supposed to be on your side.
Here’s a story of 7 IAS officers, stood for a cause, fought the system, and ended up paying a tough price themselves:

1. Durga Shakti Nagpal

DURGA SHAKTI NAGPAL, IAS.,

This 28-year-old’s name made a frequent appearance in the news channels in the year 2013. Sadly it was not for the good work that she was doing as a Sub-divisional Magistrate in Uttar Pradesh, but for her stern actions taken against sand mining in the banks of river Yamuna. According to a news report by Mid-day, her crackdown on sand mining was a setback for some political leaders in UP. As a result she was suspended on the grounds that she demolished a mosque wall leading to communal violence. However, no violence was reported in the region. Later, as reported by TOI, her husband Abhishek Singh, who was the SDM in Mathura district, was suspended for inhuman treatment of a subordinate. No details were given in the case. After a series of nation-wide protests and criticization of Akhilesh Yadav government, Durga’s suspension was revoked. She has no been given a ‘harmless’ position as a ‘Officer on Special Duty’ in the agriculture department.

2. DK Ravi

D K RAVI, IAS.,

This IAS officer lived the life Bollywood base their heroes on. Firstpost reports that while he was stationed at Kolar in Karnataka, he was widely popular among the people for being available for them 24×7. He helped them resolve their problems and even participated in their folk festivals. He put a curb on the illegal sand mining that happened in the area and very soon he was transferred to Bengaluru. Since he was more popular in Kolar than many local politicians there, appeals were made to cancel his transfer. While being stationed in Bengaluru, he detected service tax evasion worth Rs 120 crores by many renowned firms. As soon as the news broke out, it is said that he committed suicide. Since there was no motive for this happy-go-lucky officer to end his life, it is being questioned that he was murdered. But who was behind it is still a mystery?

3. Ashok Khemka

Image source — **BHARAT DARSHAN – SONS AND DAUGHTERS OF INDIA: ASHOK KHEMKA, IAS.,**

ASHOK KHEMKA, IAS.,

His good work has earned him the title of a whistleblower officer. You decide if it is a compliment or an insult. His name became a favorite with the news channels after he his efforts lead to cancellation of an illegal deal between Sonia Gandhi’s son-in-law, Robert Vadra and DLF. Firstpost reports that soon after the fishy activities were brought into the news, he was transferred from his department to the transport department. Recently in April, he has again been transferred from the transport department to the department of archaeology and museums. Even though he was transferred in just 128 days, the officials called it a ‘routine exercise.’ Till date, he has been transferred 45 times in 23 years. He was supported by politicians from various political parties such as Anil Vij from BJP and Dushyant Chautala from INLD though later it became clear that they were just making him a pawn in their political games. Ashok Khemka tweeted after his last transfer saying, “tried hard to address corruption and bring reforms in transport despite severe limitations and entrenched interests. Moment is truly painful.”

4. Yashwanth Sonwane

YASHWANTH SONWANE, IAS.,

Being posted as the Additional District Collector in Malegaon, Maharashtra, Yashwanth Sonwane did his level best curb illegal activities and corruption. Conducting 200 raids in under a week, he counterfeited 180 cases of oil smuggling and adulteration. NDTV reports that he was burnt alive by an oil mafia ally named Popat Shinde in Manmad, Maharashtra. Shinde was reportedly working with the oil mafia for over 30 years and Sonwane’s action were causing him and his allies major losses. Before his death, Sonwane had seized 4,000 litres of kerosene and 3,000 litres of petrol from Shinde’s dhaba. Sadly, the price that he had to pay for his honesty and good work was his own life.

5. Shanmugan Manjunath

SHANMUGAM MANJUNATH, IAS.,

Like Yashwant, Manjunath who was an IIM graduate also had to face death in his fight against the corrupt. He was an officer with Indian Oil Corporation (IOC) and was stationed in Lucknow, UP. He had sealed a petrol pump in Lakhimpur Kheri in UP for selling adulterated petrol. After a month when the pump was functional again, he paid a surprise visit to the pump and was shot dead on the spot with 6 bullets. The Hindu reports that the main culprit Monu Mittal was given the death penalty while 7 others who were involved were punished with a life sentence. A trust was also set up in his name by the IIM students and IOC compensated his family with Rs 2.6 millions. However, no amount of money or punishment can bring back an honest officer who lost his life for just doing his job.

6. Muggdha Sinha

MUGGDHA SINHA, IAS.,

India Today reports that Muggdha Sinha, who was the first woman collector of Jhunjhunu district in Rajasthan, was transferred because of the actions she took against the local mafia. During her tenure in Rajasthan which only lasted till September 2010, she soon became a favorite among the locals. She was like a saviour for them. After her transfer people came out in huge support to revoke her transfer but it did not happen. She later joined as Ganganagar collector. While departing, she left with the statement, “I had not come to the district for serving a select few, but the common man. If this had annoyed the powers that be, I couldn’t help it.”

7. Samit Sharma

SAMIT SHARMA, IAS.,

Samit Sharma is a well-respected man in Rajasthan. He is known as an honest officer among his colleagues and the public. India Today reports that in spite of his good image, he was shunted out in from the post of collector of Chittorgarh in 2010 over a trivial issue. He was asked to fire his clerk who failed to stand up when a Congress MLA entered the office. As a result, he was asked to fire the clerk which he refused to do. As many as 12,000 people went on a mass leave to protest against this government action but the government was callous over the issue and nothing changed. Later in a shuffling that took place in 2014, he was appointed as Commissioner in Invest Bureau, in Rajasthan.
Just because their journeys were tough, doesn’t mean we lose hope and leave the cause. If we all give up, nothing is ever going to improve. If you want to bring about a change, learn from their mistakes, and make them proud by doing something they fought for.

As they say, “be the change you want to be.” Geetha Ch. VI verse 30

BHARAT DARSHAN – THREE GREAT TEACHERS OF INDIA

There are three Indian Schools of Thought that share Vedic Wisdom and its practical applications in daily life. Adi Shankaracharya(c.788 – c.820), Ramanujacharya(c.1017 – c.1137), and Madhvacharya(c.1199 – c.1278) shared these Vedic truths derived from studying the same source materials like Vedas, Upanishads, Gita, and others. Shankara, exponent of ‘Advaita’ or Non-Dualism described The Theory of Maya or Grand Illusion, giving attention to true or real identity of man; an unchanging, immutable, immortal, eternal, and unborn reality that establishes human existence while the human being leads a mortal, transient existence depending on a body that undergoes change in appearance almost every day but for purposes of convenience is divided into three stages like childhood, adulthood, and old age. Shankara claims, in a changing world with natural phenomena, there is an unchanging principle governing all changing phenomena. Shankara describes the truth called “Grand Illusion” and explained the problem of transcending that illusion while man is afraid of his mortal existence and clings to illusion for reality seems to be overwhelming.

BHARAT DARSHAN - THREE GREAT TEACHERS OF INDIA: RAMANUJACHARYA(c.1017 - c.1137), EXPONENT OF 'VISISHTADVAITA' OR MODIFIED NON-DUALISM FORMULATED RATIONAL BASIS TO WORSHIP 'PERSONAL GOD' WITH DEVOTION. GOD CREATED MAN AS AN INDIVIDUAL WITH INDIVIDUALITY AND MAN CAN NEVER CEASE TO BE AN INDIVIDUAL. — BHARAT DARSHAN – THREE GREAT TEACHERS OF INDIA: RAMANUJACHARYA(c.1017 – c.1137), EXPONENT OF ‘VISISHTADVAITA’ OR MODIFIED NON-DUALISM FORMULATED RATIONAL BASIS TO WORSHIP ‘PERSONAL GOD’ WITH DEVOTION. GOD CREATED MAN AS AN INDIVIDUAL WITH INDIVIDUALITY AND MAN CAN NEVER CEASE TO BE AN INDIVIDUAL.

Ramanuja, exponent of ‘Visishtadvaita’ or Qualified Non-Dualism, while accepting man’s true identity as described by Shankara, he shows a path to transcend the barrier imposed by grand illusion; the path of devotion to seek union with a personal God. In his analysis, Ramanuja says, God is modified by the orders of Matter and Soul, just like the Soul or Spirit that gets modified because of its association with a living body. For man always exists as a specific Individual with Individuality with no other choice, and for man has no ability to get away from being an Individual with Individuality, God becomes modified into a Personal God. Even if six or more billion human beings choose to worship the same God, that God can only be known or experienced as personal God for man has only subjective experience of his existence while the objective experience of his existence is constantly changing under the external influences of time and space.

BHARAT DARSHAN - THREE GREAT TEACHERS OF INDIA: MADHVACHARYA(c.1199 - c.1278), EXPONENT OF 'DVAITA' OR DUALISM. MAN'S CONDITIONED EXISTENCE LEAVES NO ALTERNATIVES. MAN IS FREE TO SURRENDER HIMSELF TO SEEK GOD'S REFUGE. — BHARAT DARSHAN – THREE GREAT TEACHERS OF INDIA: MADHVACHARYA(c.1199 – c.1278), EXPONENT OF ‘DVAITA’ OR DUALISM. MAN’S CONDITIONED EXISTENCE LEAVES NO ALTERNATIVES. MAN IS FREE TO SURRENDER HIMSELF TO SEEK GOD’S REFUGE.

Madhva, exponent of ‘Dvaita’ or Dualism describes the five fundamental distinctions required for maintaining any existence. Every living entity has to separate itself from its surrounding matter and environment to perform its own living functions. There is no existence without this separation between animate and animate, and between animate and inanimate. At the same time Madhva maintains that transient and changing things are real. He goes further giving detailed reasoning as to why man has to surrender to the Supreme Being with no concern for finding or exploring some ultimate Truth. Man cannot save himself by discovering truth or reality, rather the truth and reality of man’s conditioned existence and world direct man to seek divine refuge or protection. Neither Coherence Theory of Truth, or Correspondence Theory of Truth formulate fundamental basis for human existence that gives man his subjective and objective experience of his living condition called “BEING.” Man literally has no choice other than surrendering himself and ask for protection, shelter, or take refuge described in Sanskrit as “SARANU.”

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - AGING IS AN ETERNAL LAW: MAN EXISTS AS IF THE BODILY FUNCTIONS ARE OPERATED BY A VERY PRECISE TIMING MECHANISM. THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK OPERATES THE BIO OR BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM THAT OSCILLATES WITH A PERIOD OF ABOUT 24 HOURS. — BHARAT DARSHAN – THREE GREAT TEACHERS OF INDIA: AGING IS AN ETERNAL LAW. MAN EXISTS AS IF THE BODILY FUNCTIONS ARE OPERATED BY A VERY PRECISE TIMING MECHANISM. THE BIOLOGICAL CLOCK OPERATES THE BIO OR BIOLOGICAL RHYTHM THAT OSCILLATES WITH A PERIOD OF ABOUT 24 HOURS.

The truths or facts shared by man’s scientific discoveries cannot overcome the problem of man’s mortal existence. My essence, my ideas, my thoughts, my feelings, my imagination, and my knowing any kind of truth will be possible if and only if “I” exists as “I AM” and not as “I WAS” an entity that ceased its existence.

BHARAT DARSHAN - THREE GREAT TEACHERS OF INDIA: PENCIL IN WATER ILLUSION. MAN CAN NEVER OVERCOME THE POWERFUL INFLUENCE CALLED MAYA OR GRAND ILLUSION THAT OPERATES SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE OF PHYSICAL EXISTENCE. — BHARAT DARSHAN – THREE GREAT TEACHERS OF INDIA: PENCIL IN WATER ILLUSION. MAN CAN NEVER OVERCOME THE POWERFUL INFLUENCE CALLED MAYA OR GRAND ILLUSION THAT OPERATES SUBJECTIVE AND OBJECTIVE EXPERIENCE OF PHYSICAL EXISTENCE.

Science uses precise instruments to gather data, to make observations, and to verify information using experimental models. We are able to use this scientific method of inquiry as our tools, our instruments, and the scientific observer do not experience reality of Earth’s angular, or linear velocity. As such, man and instruments placed on planet Earth do not have ability to overcome the power of Fundamental Force called Gravitation. Man is able to think, imagine, and explore himself and this world and universe for he has unknowingly submitted himself to an authority that governs his physical existence at any given instant in time and space. This nature of man’s conditioned experience can be experimentally verified by conducting a simple experiment in Physics called ‘Pencil in Water’ optical illusion. The pencil appears bent at the interphase of air and water as man cannot overcome power of fundamental force called ‘LIGHT'(or electromagnetic radiation). While man has ability to manipulate the conditioned existence of pencil, remove it from water and verify truth about that pencil, he has no such ability to remove himself from his conditioned existence. Kindly tell me as to what will you do with truth if you know the truth. It is nice to know the rules of grammar, but it will not save man from predicament of mortal existence and Shankara aptly observed, “Nahi Nahi Rakshati Drukun karane.” Nothing can save man as scientific knowledge confirms that man cannot rule or govern cells of his own body for they are independent and enjoy functional autonomy.

BHARAT DARSHAN - THREE GREAT TEACHERS OF INDIA: IN SHANKARA'S ANALYSIS, MAN IS NOT SAVED BY ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE. MAN CANNOT DIRECTLY RULE OR GOVERN HIS OWN BODY FOR CELLS ARE INDEPENDENT AND ENJOY CELLULAR AUTONOMY. — BHARAT DARSHAN – THREE GREAT TEACHERS OF INDIA: IN SHANKARA’S ANALYSIS, MAN IS NOT SAVED BY ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE. MAN CANNOT DIRECTLY RULE OR GOVERN HIS OWN BODY FOR CELLS ARE INDEPENDENT AND ENJOY CELLULAR AUTONOMY.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

BHARAT DARSHAN – INDIA’S FIRST COMPUTER

I am pleased to share a very brief story about the development of Computer Technology in India and use this opportunity to pay my very respectful tribute to Dr. Homi Jehangir Bhabha who provided leadership in developing India’s capability in Nuclear Science, Electronics Technology, and a variety of allied fields. Under Dr. Bhabha’s eminent leadership, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) added Computer Section as part of its Electronics Instrumentation Group by 1955.

BHARAT DARSHAN - INDIA'S FIRST COMPUTER : INDIA'S FIRST ELECTRONIC, DIGITAL COMPUTER WAS DESIGNED AND BUILT BY A TEAM HEADED BY PROFESSOR R NARASIMHAN, AND DR. PVS RAO AND OTHERS WORKING AT TATA INSTITUTE OF FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH(TIFR). — BHARAT DARSHAN – INDIA’S FIRST COMPUTER : INDIA’S FIRST ELECTRONIC, DIGITAL COMPUTER WAS DESIGNED AND BUILT BY A TEAM HEADED BY PROFESSOR R. NARASIMHAN, AND DR. PVS RAO AND OTHERS WORKING AT TATA INSTITUTE OF FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH (TIFR).

Professor PVS Rao shared with me the story about designing and building India’s first electronic, and digital computer by a team headed by Professor. R. Narasimhan at TIFR’s Electronics Instrumentation Group. The building of India’s first computer is a very significant milestone in India’s development in the field of Electronics to make the country self-reliant. The team initiated work during 1955 putting together several tens of thousands of individual components such as resistors, capacitors, vacuum tubes, and making wire connections. India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru visited TIFR during 1960 and named the computer as ‘Tata Institute of Fundamental Research Automatic Calculator (TIFRAC).

BHARAT DARSHAN - INDIA'S FIRST COMPUTER. INDIA'S FIRST PRIME MINISTER JAWAHARLAL NEHRU DURING 1960 VISITED TIFR AND NAMED INDIA'S FIRST COMPUTER AS "TIFRAC." — **BHARAT DARSHAN – INDIA’S FIRST COMPUTER. INDIA’S FIRST PRIME MINISTER JAWAHARLAL NEHRU DURING 1960 VISITED TIFR AND NAMED INDIA’S FIRST COMPUTER AS “TIFRAC.”**

At TIFR, under Director Professor. B V Sreekantan, a team headed by Professor PVS Rao developed India’s Air Defence Data Handling System (Air Defence Ground Environment System or ADGES) under a plan initiated by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi who insisted upon India’s self-reliance in this aspect of using technology to defend India. In this monumental task, 50 scientists, engineers and 70 Air Force Officers worked together. While TIFR played the lead role, work was carried out by Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC), Air Force Simulation Center, Electronics Corporation of India Ltd (ECIL), Electronics and Radar Development Establishment (LRDE), and Tata Electric Companies (TEC). I am pleased to post some photo images of events at TIFR associated with the development of India’s Air Defence Ground Environment System or ADGES.

BHARAT DARSHAN - INDIA'S FIRST COMPUTER. AT TIFR, PROFESSOR PVS RAO WELCOMED INDIAN AIR CHIEF MEHTA WHO CAME TO DISCUSS THE DEVELOPMENT OF AIR DEFENCE DATA HANDLING SYSTEM. — BHARAT DARSHAN – INDIA’S FIRST COMPUTER. AT ‘TIFR’, PROFESSOR PVS RAO WELCOMED INDIAN AIR CHIEF MEHTA WHO CAME TO DISCUSS THE DEVELOPMENT OF AIR DEFENCE DATA HANDLING SYSTEM (Air Defence Ground Environment System or ADGES).

BHARAT DARSHAN - INDIA'S FIRST COMPUTER. AT 'TIFR', DR. PVS RAO( SECOND FROM LEFT, SEATED ON A SOFA FACING THE CAMERA) HELD DISCUSSIONS WITH INDIAN AIR CHIEF MEHTA TO DEVELOP INDIA'S AIR DEFENCE DATA HANDLING SYSTEM. — BHARAT DARSHAN – INDIA’S FIRST COMPUTER. AT ‘TIFR’, DR. PVS RAO ( SECOND FROM LEFT, SEATED ON A SOFA FACING THE CAMERA) HELD DISCUSSIONS WITH INDIAN AIR CHIEF MEHTA TO DEVELOP INDIA’S AIR DEFENCE DATA HANDLING SYSTEM (Air Defence Ground Environment System or ADGES).

I am pleased to add a few photo images of staff members who worked at Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR) as part of a team that developed India’s Air Defence Data Handling System (Air Defence Ground Environment System or ADGES). My hearty congratulations to Professor PVS Rao and all others who developed India’s Air Defence Data Handling System ‘ADGES’ at TIFR.

BHARAT DARSHAN - INDIA'S FIRST COMPUTER "TIFRAC" DESIGNED AND DEVELOPED AT TIFR. INDIA'S EDUCATION MINISTER M C CHAGLA VISITED TIFR. PROFESSOR PVS RAO, DIRECTOR MGK AND OTHERS ARE SEEN IN THIS PHOTO. — BHARAT DARSHAN – INDIA’S FIRST COMPUTER “TIFRAC” DESIGNED AND DEVELOPED AT TIFR. INDIA’S EDUCATION MINISTER M C CHAGLA VISITED TIFR. PROFESSOR PVS RAO, DEPUTY DIRECTOR MENON GK AND OTHERS ARE SEEN IN THIS PHOTO.

BHARAT DARSHAN - INDIA'S FIRST COMPUTER DEVELOPED AT 'TIFR'. THIS GROUP IS IDENTIFIED AS TIFR ADGES CONSOLES TEAM. MY HEARTY CONGRATULATIONS TO ALL OF THEM WHO HELPED DEVELOPMENT OF AIR DEFENCE SYSTEM. — BHARAT DARSHAN – INDIA’S FIRST COMPUTER DEVELOPED AT ‘TIFR’. THIS GROUP IS IDENTIFIED AS TIFR ‘ADGES’ (AIR DEFENCE GROUND ENVIRONMENT SYSTEM) CONSOLES TEAM. MY HEARTY CONGRATULATIONS TO ALL OF THEM WHO HELPED DEVELOPMENT OF AIR DEFENCE SYSTEM.

BHARAT DARSHAN - INDIA'S FIRST COMPUTER DEVELOPED AT 'TIFR'. THIS TEAM IS IDENTIFIED AS TIFR ADGES SELENIA CONSOLE TEAM. MY HEARTY CONGRATULATIONS TO ALL OF THEM. — BHARAT DARSHAN – INDIA’S FIRST COMPUTER DEVELOPED AT ‘TIFR’. THIS TEAM IS IDENTIFIED AS TIFR ADGES (AIR DEFENCE GROUND ENVIRONMENT SYSTEM) SELENIA CONSOLE TEAM. MY HEARTY CONGRATULATIONS TO ALL OF THEM.

At Bhavanajagat.Org, I define Life as Knowledge in Action. The essence of life is about using information in performance of living functions. Human organism is a complex system that receives information, processes information, stores information, retrieves information to perform guided, goal-oriented, purposive, sequential actions. Even if spend my lifetime, I will not be able to list all the functions my human body performs to keep me alive. I appreciate the development of Computer Technology for it helps us to use and handle information with great efficiency.

Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada

BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

Bharat Darshan-Air Defence of India-ADGES Project2

Bharat Darshan-TIFRAC – Bhabha centenary paper2009

**Bharat Darshan. India’s first computer developed at TIFR.**

WHAT IS CREATION?

WHAT IS CREATION?

The search for another planet that is similar to planet Earth calls for understanding the term ‘creation’. In my view, a created object is original, unique, distinctive, and one of its own kind of object that may not be replicated either using a spontaneous process, or by a deliberate, purposive action. Planet Earth qualifies as a created, original, unique, distinctive, and one of its own kind of object and there is no second celestial object similar to Earth. The recent discovery of Kepler – 452b exoplanet has stimulated interest in possibility of finding a second Earth-like planet in our vast universe. Earth is the fifth largest planet of the Solar System and the only one known to support life. Earth is surrounded by an envelope of gases, mostly oxygen, nitrogen, and water vapor, called the atmosphere. Gravitational forces have molded Earth into a spherical shape that bulges at the equator. Earth’s equatorial diameter is 7,926 miles or 12,760 Km; polar diameter is 7,900 miles or 12,720 Km. Earth is unique for its inhabitants experience the change of seasons caused by tilt(23.5 degrees) of Earth’s equator to the plane of its orbit.

WHAT IS CREATION? PLANET EARTH IS A CREATED, CELESTIAL OBJECT FOR ITS ROTATIONAL PERIOD, AND REVOLUTION PERIOD ARE ITS ORIGINAL CHARACTERISTICS NOT SHARED BY ANYOTHER PLANET. — **WHAT IS CREATION? PLANET EARTH IS A CREATED, CELESTIAL OBJECT FOR ITS PERIOD OF ROTATION, AND PERIOD OF REVOLUTION ARE ITS ORIGINAL CHARACTERISTICS NOT SHARED BY ANY OTHER PLANET.**

Among celestial objects, stars are luminous and planets such as Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Pluto are nonluminous and revolve around Sun or around another star. The other terrestrial planets of Solar System, Mercury, Venus, Mars, and Pluto resemble Earth in size, chemical composition, and density. The ‘Jovian’ planets of Solar System, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune are much larger in size and have thick gaseous atmospheres and low densities.

**WHAT IS CREATION? PLANETS OF OUR SOLAR SYSTEM BEHAVE AS INDIVIDUALS WITH INDIVIDUALITY. NO TWO PLANETS ARE ALIKE WHILE THEY MAY SHARE A COMMON BEGINNING.**

WHAT IS CREATION? THE MOTIONS OF PLANETS DESCRIBE THEIR INDIVIDUALISTIC BEHAVIORS. I INVITE READERS' ATTENTION TO ORBITAL PERIOD AND ROTATIONAL PERIOD OF PLANETS OF SOLAR SYSTEM. — **WHAT IS CREATION? THE MOTIONS OF PLANETS DESCRIBE THEIR INDIVIDUALISTIC BEHAVIORS. I INVITE READERS’ ATTENTION TO ORBITAL PERIOD AND ROTATIONAL PERIOD OF PLANETS OF SOLAR SYSTEM.**

Individuality of each celestial object becomes discernible while studying period of revolution and period of rotation. The planets of Solar System may have shared their births from a same source called ‘gaseous nebula’ and yet they display individualistic variations in the characteristics of motions performed. Man’s life and experience of life is synchronized with Earth’s period of rotation around its own axis, and Earth’s revolution around Sun.

What is Creation? Man's lifetime or lifespan reflects operation of a precise Biological Clock that operates various living functions and synchronizing them with variations in external environment such as Day, and Night. — What is Creation? Man’s lifetime or lifespan reflects operation of a precise Biological Clock that operates various living functions and synchronizing them with variations in external environment such as Day, and Night.

Man exists as a mortal being with lifespan or lifetime as his living functions are operated and are regulated by a precise timing device called ‘Biological Clock’ which may be responsive to changes in external environment such as day, and night. For each planet has its own period of rotation and revolution, the living experience of man can never be the same on different planets even if they have some ability to support some forms of life. Man is a created being for his existence require Earth’s rotational speed, and revolutionary speed to operate changes of intensity of external environmental light illumination while Sun shines all the time.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
Bhavanajagat.org



				Bhavanajagat.orgBhavanaJagat is a private organization devoted to the study of man’s status in Nature. The purpose…

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Kepler-452b: What It Would Be Like to Live On Earth’s ‘Cousin’

Space.com

Mike Wall

**WHAT IS CREATION?ARTISTIC INTERPRETATION OF KEPLER-452b AND OF ITS ABILITY TO SUPPORT LIFE.**

Kepler-452b may be Earth’s close cousin, but living on the newfound world would still be an alien experience.
A group of pioneers magically transported to the surface of Kepler – 452b — which is the closest thing to an “Earth twin” yet discovered, researchers announced yesterday (July 23) — would instantly realize they weren’t on their home planet anymore. (And magic, or some sort of warp drive, must be invoked for such a journey, since Kepler-452b lies 1,400 light-years away.)

Kepler-452 is 60 percent wider than Earth and probably about five times more massive, so its surface gravity is considerably stronger than the pull people are used to here. Any hypothetical explorers would thus feel about twice as heavy on the alien world as they do on Earth, researchers said.
“It might be quite challenging at first,” Jon Jenkins, of NASA’s Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California, said during a news conference yesterday. Jenkins is data analysis lead for the space agency’s Kepler spacecraft, which discovered Kepler-452b.

But visitors to the exoplanet would probably be able to meet that challenge, said former astronaut John Grunsfeld, associate administrator of NASA’s Science Mission Directorate. After all, he said, firefighters and backpackers routinely carry heavy loads, mimicking (albeit temporarily) the effect of increased surface gravity.
“If we were there, we’d get stronger,” Grunsfeld said. “Our bones would actually get stronger. It would be like a workout every day.”

The high-gravity environment would probably lead to significant changes in the bodies of Kepler-452b colonists over longer time spans, he and Jenkins said.
“I suspect that, over time, we would adapt to the conditions, and perhaps become stockier over a long period of many generations,” Jenkins said.
Other features of life on Kepler-452b would be more familiar. For example, the exoplanet orbits a solar-type star at about the same distance at which Earth circles the sun.

“It would feel a lot like home, from the standpoint of the sunshine that you would experience,” Jenkins said. Earth plants “would photosynthesize, just perfectly fine,” he added.
Imagining other aspects of life on Kepler-452b requires much more speculation, since it’s too far away to get a good look at. Researchers suspect that the planet is rocky, like Earth, but they don’t know for sure. Kepler-452b probably has a thick atmosphere, liquid water and active volcanoes, but these are best guesses based on modeling work.

Models also suggest that Kepler-452b might soon experience a runaway greenhouse effect, similar to the one that changed VENUS from a potentially habitable world billions of years ago to the sweltering hothouse it is today, researchers said.

Kepler-452b’s star is apparently older than the sun — 6 billion years, compared to 4.5 billion years. It’s thus in a more energetic phase of its life cycle than the sun is; indeed, the star is about 10 percent larger and 20 percent brighter than Earth’s sun. (That means the sunlight on Kepler-452b, while familiar to explorers from Earth, would not be exactly equivalent.)
The increased energy output of its sun might currently be causing Kepler-452b to heat up and lose its oceans — if the planet does indeed harbor oceans — to evaporation, subsequent breakup by ultraviolet light and atmospheric escape.

Such a scenario likely won’t occur on Kepler-452b for another 500 million years or so, assuming estimates for the planet’s size and the star’s age are accurate, Jenkins said. (The stronger gravity of larger planets allows them to hang on to their surface water for longer periods of time in such situations than smaller worlds can.)
“But, you know, we don’t know exactly,” Jenkins said.

So he and other members of the discovery team helped devise an artist’s concept that imagines how Kepler-452b would look if a runaway greenhouse effect were beginning to unfold.
The illustration shows “not oceans, but residual bodies of water that are highly concentrated in minerals after the oceans are largely gone, and you have lakes and pools and rivers left,” Jenkins said.

“It’s a fascinating thing to think about, and I think it gives us an opportunity to take a pause and reflect on our own environment that we find ourselves in,” he added. “We’ve been lucky and fortunate to live in a habitable zone for the last several billion years, and we’d like that to continue on.”

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