Whole Dude – Whole Spirituality – Page 3 – Whole Spirituality describes the Unity of God, Soul, and Matter using a Ground Substance of Spiritual Nature.

Whole Dude at Whole Foods has no Freedom to act on his own despite the Law of At-Will Employment

Whole Foods-Whole Inspiration-Whole Language

Musings on Whole Bondage of Free Will on October 31, 2025

As a worker who is bound by the Law of At-Will Employment, On Friday, October 31, 2025 Whole Dude acknowledges ‘The Bondage of the Will’ and all of his actions are predestined for he has no ability or freedom to act on his own. To the onlookers it may seem that Whole Dude is making choices and choosing his own actions. Whole Dude makes those choices and chooses those actions for God knows his mind and predetermines the external circumstances that compel him to perform actions.

Whole Dude’s human effort to seek recognition for his Identity that he describes as Whole Dude is predestined long before he coined that phrase.

MARTIN LUTHER POSTS 95 THESES – OCT 31, 1517

Clipped from: http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/martin-luther-posts-95-theses?

On this day in 1517, the priest and scholar Martin Luther approaches the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, and nails a piece of paper to it containing the 95 revolutionary opinions that would begin the Protestant Reformation.

In his theses, Luther condemned the excesses and corruption of the Roman Catholic Church, especially the papal practice of asking payment—called “indulgences”—for the forgiveness of sins. At the time, a Dominican priest named Johann Tetzel, commissioned by the Archbishop of Mainz and Pope Leo X, was in the midst of a major fundraising campaign in Germany to finance the renovation of St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome. Though Prince Frederick III the Wise had banned the sale of indulgences in Wittenberg, many church members traveled to purchase them. When they returned, they showed the pardons they had bought to Luther, claiming they no longer had to repent for their sins.

Luther’s frustration with this practice led him to write the 95 Theses, which were quickly snapped up, translated from Latin into German and distributed widely. A copy made its way to Rome, and efforts began to convince Luther to change his tune. He refused to keep silent, however, and in 1521 Pope Leo X formally excommunicated Luther from the Catholic Church. That same year, Luther again refused to recant his writings before the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V of Germany, who issued the famous Edict of Worms declaring Luther an outlaw and a heretic and giving permission for anyone to kill him without consequence. Protected by Prince Frederick, Luther began working on a German translation of the Bible, a task that took 10 years to complete.

The term “Protestant” first appeared in 1529, when Charles V revoked a provision that allowed the ruler of each German state to choose whether they would enforce the Edict of Worms. A number of princes and other supporters of Luther issued a protest, declaring that their allegiance to God trumped their allegiance to the emperor. They became known to their opponents as Protestants; gradually this name came to apply to all who believed the Church should be reformed, even those outside Germany. By the time Luther died, of natural causes, in 1546, his revolutionary beliefs had formed the basis for the Protestant Reformation, which would over the next three centuries revolutionize Western civilization.

Whole Dude at Whole Foods Celebrates the Force that sets Life in Motion.

Yes indeed, Life is complicated. Whole Dude cannot support his mortal existence on the basis of his physical and mental work. Whole Dude lives in Love, the Love that brings together Whole Foods, Whole People, and the Whole Planet, the Force that sets Life in Motion.

Physics of Spirituality Science – Love is a Fundamental Force

***Whole Dude lives in Love, the Love that brings together Whole Foods, Whole People, and the Whole Planet, the Force that sets Life in Motion.***

Physics of Spirituality Science – Love is a Fundamental Force. PHYSICS MAY NOT ACCOUNT FOR INTERACTIONS BETWEEN LIVING AND NONLIVING MATTER. PHYSICAL FORCES CANNOT ACCOUNT FOR TWO TYPES OF MOTION. THESE ARE, 1. OBSERVED VARIATIONS IN ROTATIONAL SPINS OF PLANETS, AND 2. MOTION OF LIVING MATTER.

In Physics, the term ‘Fundamental’ is used to describe a Principle, Theory, Law etc., serving as a basis forming a foundation that could be essential to explain other interactions in the natural world. In Physics, the term ‘Force’ is used to describe the cause or agent that puts an object at rest into motion or alters motion of a moving object.

Physics of Spirituality Science – Love is a Fundamental Force. Physics accounts for Four Fundamental Interactions. In Natural World, there are Interactions between Living and nonliving Matter which are fundamentally different from Interactions explained by Physics.
All known physical interactions of Matter occur through the agency of four basic, or ‘Fundamental’ kinds of ‘Forces’; 1. Strong Nuclear Force, 2. Weak Nuclear Force, 3. Electromagnetic Force, and 4. Gravitation Force. Most natural phenomena can be accounted for in terms of Four Fundamental Interactions. Gravitation and Electromagnetism act over long distances and it is easy to observe their effects. Strong and Weak Nuclear Forces act over subatomic distances and the range of their effects is limited.

Physics of Spirituality Science – Love is a Fundamental Force: LOVE IS A FORCE THAT CANNOT BE MEASURED BY INSTRUMENTS INVENTED BY PHYSICISTS.

Gravitation is the pervasive Fundamental Interaction. Every particle of Matter seems to attract every other particle with a Force that is proportional to the Mass of each and inversely proportional to the square of their separation. This relationship was first proposed by Sir Isaac Newton. His Theory of Gravitation is ‘Fundamental’, in the sense that all Motion due to the gravitational forces exerted on all objects can be described as a result of the same Force. Gravitation causes apples to fall from trees and determines the orbits of planets around Sun.

Physics of Spirituality Science – Love is a Fundamental Force: FUNDAMENTAL PHYSICAL FORCES CANNOT ACCOUNT FOR VARYING ROTATIONAL SPINS OF ASTRONOMICAL BODIES.

Each planet of our Solar System exists as a unique, original, one of its own kind of object.

Mechanics is the branch of Physics that deals with motion of material bodies and the phenomena of action of forces on bodies. Celestial Mechanics is the study of motion of astronomical bodies as they move under the influence of their mutual gravitation. If the forces acting on a System do not cancel, Motion will result. Calculation of such motions is complicated because many separate forces are acting at once and all bodies are moving simultaneously. Isaac Newton’s Laws of Motion and Theory of Universal Gravitation provide a great understanding of the simple elliptical orbits as described by Kepler’s Laws of Planetary Motion.

Physics of Spirituality Science – Love is a Fundamental Force: KEPLER’S LAWS MAY ACCOUNT FOR ORBITAL MOTIONS OF PLANETS. HOW ABOUT EXPLAINING ROTATIONAL SPINS OF PLANETS?

It is interesting to note Hindu Scriptures called Vedas may describe or mention Earth’s rotational spin. Neither Vedas, nor Science have accounted for a ‘Force’ that initiated rotational spin of various celestial bodies. Rotational Spin is different from orbital motion displayed by planets. Rotational Spin of planets cannot be explained as caused by physical forces of mutual attraction between celestial objects. Newton maintained that mere Motion does not require application of Force. In Space, there is no friction to restrain motions of celestial bodies.

Physics of Spirituality Science – Love is a Fundamental Force: PHYSICAL FORCE SUCH AS GRAVITATION ACCOUNTS FOR EARTH’S ORBIT OR REVOLUTION AROUND SUN. THERE IS NO PHYSICAL FORCE TO ACCOUNT FOR EARTH’S ROTATION ON ITS AXIS.

The man’s existence on surface of Earth cannot be fully accounted by physical force of Gravitation that explains Earth’s orbit or revolution around Sun. Man travels about 67, 000 miles per hour during Earth’s yearly orbit around Sun. Man’s lifetime or lifespan on Earth is determined by alternating periods of Day and Night caused by Earth’s rotational spin. Physical Forces act mechanically without sense of purpose or goal. Earth’s rotational spin serves a specific purpose for it directs Biological Rhythms of Living Systems.

Physics of Spirituality Science – Love is a Fundamental Force: Physical Force may account for the Speed of a point on the surface of Earth. Living Systems have synchronized their Biological Rhythms with Rotational Spin of Earth which serves specific purpose by causing alternate periods of Light and Darkness called Day and Night.

Physics of Spirituality Science – Love is a Fundamental Force: Man travels nearly 67,000 miles per hour in yearly orbit around the Sun. Earth’s Orbital Motion does not determine Man’s lifetime or lifespan. Man’s lifetime is measured by alternating periods of Day and Night caused by Earth’s rotational spin.
Within our Solar System, no celestial object shares rotational spin characteristics of another object. Each planet spins at a different speed or exhibits different rotational axis. On each planet, we will experience Day and Night and Seasons in different manners as they orbit around Sun. Each planet is unique, distinctive, original, and one of its own kind of celestial object. Space Exploration discovered thousands of planets, but none of them share identical rotational spins, in fact each planet displays individualistic variation in its spin characteristics. So, we need to recognize existence of an”UNKNOWN” Force that may have imparted energy to initiate rotational spin of each celestial object.

Physics of Spirituality Science – Love is a Fundamental Force: TILT AND ROTATION AXIS OF PLANETS SHOW INDIVIDUALISTIC VARIATIONS. EARTH’S TILT AND ROTATION AXIS ARE PURPOSIVE AND GOAL-ORIENTED AS IT DRIVES BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS.

I am using the term ‘LOVE’ to define it as a Fundamental Force that brings Unity and Harmony in Interactions between Inanimate and Animate Matter to establish Natural Order. LOVE is Fundamental to existence of Sensible or Living Matter. Living Things have the ability to perceive LOVE which instruments developed by man cannot measure.

Rudolf Virchow is reborn as Whole Dude to describe the spiritual connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider

Whole Dude acknowledges his German heritage at Whole Foods when he discovered the spiritual connection between man, food, and Providence. Whole Foods, Whole People, and Whole Planet are connected by a material substance called Protoplasm or Cytoplasm, a divine plan to provide nourishment to Life.

The Rudolf Virchow Connection at Whole Foods, Ann Arbor can be best described as the concept of Whole Spirituality, the three dimensional spiritual relationship between the multicellular human organism, food, and the Divine Providence.

Spiritualism – The Cell Theory of Spirituality

In Biology, cell is the basic or fundamental unit of structure, function, and organization in all living things or it is the building block of life. Let me begin with my respectful tribute to some of the people who contributed to ‘The Cell Theory’, one of the foundations of Biological Sciences. Cells were first observed in the 17th century shortly after the discovery of the microscope. Robert Hooke, british curator of instruments at The Royal Society of London, during 1665 coined the word cell. Dutch microscopist Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) made over 247 microscopes and examined microorganisms and tissue samples. He gave the first complete descriptions of bacteria, protozoa (which he called animalcules), spermatozoa, and striped muscle. He also studied capillary circulation and observed Red Blood Cells.

**Robert Hooke, british curator of instruments at The Royal Society of London coined the term cell during 1665.**

**Dutch microscopist Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek (1668-80) studied capillary circulation and observed Red Blood Cells.**

Improvements in microscopy during early 19th century permitted closer observation and the significance of cells had received better understanding. Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1838), german botanist, Theodor Schwann (1839), german physiologist, and Rudolf Virchow (1855), german pathologist, and others made important contributions to the Cell Theory that describes cell as the building block of all Life.

Schleiden, Professor of Botany, The University of Jena studied plant structure under the microscope, published “Contibutions to Phytogenesis”(1838). He had also published the two-volume text of ‘Principles of Scientific Botany’.

**Schwann founder of modern Histology extended the Cell Theory of Plants to animals in his ‘Microscopic Researches into Accordance in the Structure and Growth of Animals and Plants(1839).**

**Schwann discovered Myelin Sheath covering peripheral axons, now termed Schwann Cells. He coined the term ‘Metabolism’ for the chemical changes that take place in living tissues.**

**Rudolf Virchow,german pathologist in 1855 coined the biological dictum “OMNIS CELLULA E CELLULA” – All living cells arise only from pre-existing living cells.**

The Cell is the smallest unit in the living organism that is capable of carrying on the essential life processes of sustaining metabolism for producing energy and reproducing. Many simple, small, single-celled organisms like Protozoa perform all life functions. In higher, complex, bigger, multicellular organisms, groups of cells are structurally and functionally differentiated into specialized tissues and organ systems. Thus, the Cell Theory includes the following foundational principles of the Biological Sciences:

1. All living things are made up of cells. Cell is the most elementary or basic unit of Life.

2. Cell is a fundamental unit of structure, function, and organization in all living things including plants and animals.

3. Cells only rise from division of previously existing cells.

4. All cells are similar in composition, form, and function. All cells are basically the same in chemical composition (in spite of variations) in organisms of similar species. For example, all the solid tissues in the human body can be shown to consist largely of similar cells; differing it is true, but that are essentially similar to an Ovum.

5. The cells exhibit functional autonomy. The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of ‘INDEPENDENT’ cells.

6. Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells.

7. Cells contain hereditary, biological information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during cell division.

The Cell Theory of Spirituality

The basic or fundamental unit of life in the human organism is derived from the fertilized egg cell that eventually develops into a complete organism. The most significant feature of similarity between the cells of the human body is the presence of a soft, gelatinous, semi-fluid, granular material inside the cell. This substance known as Protoplasm or Cytoplasm, or Cytosol is similar to the ground substance found in the Ovum or the Egg Cell.

Human Ovum Structure – The Cell Theory of Spirituality is based upon the Substance, Structure, Form, Organization, Function, Action and Interactions of this Single Fertilized Egg Cell that eventually develops into a complete human organism.

This viscous, translucent, colloidal substance is enclosed in a membrane called Cell Membrane, Plasma Membrane or Biological Membrane. A small spherical body called nucleus is embedded in the Protoplasm of the cell. The three essential features of any living cell in the human body are that of the presence of protoplasm, the nucleus, and the cell membrane.

Protoplasm – The Ground Substance of Spiritualism and Spirituality

In the middle of the 19th century, various biologist started to recognize the importance of Juicy or Slimy contents of the cells. Purkinje (1839) gave the name protoplasm (Gr., Protos- primitive or first, plasma- substance) to the contents of the cells. This theory states that the cell is an accumulation of living substance or protoplasm, definitely limited in space and possessing a nucleus and a cell membrane .

I seek the existence of Soul or Spirit in a substance that is basic to life activities, and in a material that is responsible for all living processes. I, therefore, propose that the understanding of the true or real nature of this ground substance of all living matter will help man to discover peace, harmony, and tranquility in all of his internal and external relationships while man exists in a physical environment as a member of a social group, social community, and Society. In this blog post, I would like to pay my respectful tribute to Jan Evangelista Purkinje and Hugo Von Mohl for their great contribution to the scientific understanding of the living substance, living material, and living matter.

Jan Evangelista Purkyne(Czech name), Jan Evangelista Purkinje(German name)also known as Johannes Evangelist Purkinje, b. December 17, 1787, d. July 28, 1869. The pioneer Czech experimental Physiologist whose investigations in the fields of Histology, Embryology,and Pharmacology helped create a modern understanding of the eye and vision, brain and heart function, mammalian reproduction, and the composition of cells.

Purkinje conducted his research on human vision at the University of Prague and later on, he served there as a Professor of Physiology (1850-69). He went to Germany and was appointed the Chair of Physiology and Pathology (1823-50) at the University of Breslau, Prussia. There Purkinje created the world’s first independent Department of Physiology (1839) and the first Physiological Laboratory (Physiological Institute, 1842). He is best known for his discovery of large nerve cells with many branching extensions found in the cortex of Cerebellum of the brain (Purkinje Cells, 1837). He discovered the fibrous tissue that conducts electrical impulses from the ‘pacemaker’ called Atrioventricular node or A-V node along the inside walls of the ventricles to all parts of the heart to help in Cardiac contractile function (Purkinje Fibers, 1839). In 1835, he invented and introduced the scientific term ‘Protoplasm’ to describe the ground substance found inside young animal embryo cells. He discovered the sweat glands of the skin (1833); he discovered the nine configuration groups of Fingerprints used in biometric identification of man (1823); he described the germinal vesicle or nucleus of the unripe ovum that now bears his name (1825), and he noted the protein digesting power of pancreatic extracts (1836).

**Hugo Von Mohl, b. April 08, 1805, d. April 01, 1872, German Botanist noted for his research on the anatomy and physiology of plant cells.**

Hugo Von Mohl named the granular, colloidal material that made up the main substance of the plant cell as “Protoplasm” in 1846. Purkinje invented the word, but Hugo gave more clarity, understanding, and knowing the nature of this ground substance. He viewed cell as an “elementary organ” and in Physiology he explained Protoplasm as an organ of Motion or Movement, Nutrition, and Reproduction. It is the preliminary material in cellular generation. He was the first to propose that new cells are formed by division of preexisting cells and he had observed this process of Cell Division in the algal cells of Conferva glomerata. His observations are very important to understand the Cell Theory that explains cells as the basic building blocks of Life. He was the first to investigate the phenomenon of the stomatal openings in leaves.

The Ground Substance of Spiritualism and Spirituality. The vital characteristics, the animating principles of Protoplasm could be known by observing Amoeba proteus. The Living Substance works as an organ of Motion or Movement, as an organ of Nutrition, and as an organ of Reproduction to generate new cells which have a life span of their own. In these physiological functions, I describe the characteristics such as Cognition, Consciousness, Memory, and Intelligence which have a Spiritual role as they bring functional unity and harmony in the interactions between different parts of the same individual organism while it exists in an environment as a member of a biological community.

Protoplasm is a complex, viscous, translucent solution of such materials as salts and simple sugars with other molecules, mostly proteins and fats, in a colloidal state, that is dispersed but not dissolved in one another. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen constitute more than 90 percent of Protoplasm.

***Whole Foods, Whole People, and Whole Planet are connected by a material substance called Protoplasm or Cytoplasm, a divine plan to provide nourishment to Life.***

It exhibits properties such as Protoplasmic Streaming or Cytoplasmic Streaming or Motion that is called “Amoeboid Movement.” It has the intrinsic power to change its shape and position. It has the power of Nutrition by which it can attract and obtain the materials necessary for its growth and maintenance from surrounding matter/environment.

The living functions such as Nutrition, Cellular Respiration, and Reproduction performed by Cytoplasm involve acquiring, processing, retaining, and using information to perform tasks in a sequential manner for a predetermined purpose and hence describe Consciousness, Memory, and Intelligence.

The Rudolf Virchow Connection at Whole Foods. God created Cytoplasm or Protoplasm as the Ground Substance of Spirituality. Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.

The terms Soul and Spirit belong to the materialistic realm where the Physical Reality of man’s biological existence is established. I have not yet discovered any good reason to use the terms Soul and Spirit as a metaphysical or transcendental Reality.

The Inheritance of Cytoplasmic Membrane or Cell or Plasma Membrane:

The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. God created Cytoplasm or Protoplasm as the Ground Substance of Spirituality. Living cells have a corporeal substance called Protoplasm that has the ability of Spiritual Biotic Interactions. The Biological Membrane or Cell Membrane separates the cell from its environment and other living cells present in the environment. Cells use unique proteins, biological molecules and receptor sites to recognize the other living cells and use chemical signals to facilitate the interactions. Such interactions between living cells have the characteristics of consciousness or awareness.

The Rudolf Virchow Connection at Whole Foods. God created Cytoplasm or Protoplasm as the Ground Substance of Spirituality. Cytoplasmic Membrane or Cell Membrane is an integral feature of Cytoplasm, a limiting membrane devised by Cytoplasm to create boundaries to perform its numerous living functions.

The Functions of Cytoplasmic Membrane or Cell Membrane or Biological Membrane:

1. Protection: It protects the cell from its surroundings or extracellular environment. Plant cell possess wall over the plasma membrane for extra protection and support.

2. Holding cell contents: Plasma membranes hold the semi fluid protoplasmic contents of the cell intact; thus keeping the individuality of the cell.

3. Selective Permeability: Cell membrane allows only selected or specific substances to enter into the cell and are impermeable to others.

Gases like O₂ and CO₂ can diffuse rapidly in solution through membranes.
Small compounds like H2O and methane can easily pass through where as sugars, amino acids and charged ions are transported with the help of transport proteins.
The size of the molecules which can pass through the plasma membrane is 1-15 A⁰. This property is responsible for keeping a cell ‘as a cell’, an individual unit.

4. Shape: It maintains form and shape of the cell. It serves as site of anchorage or attachment of the cytoskeleton; thus providing shape to the cell (especially in animal cells without cell wall).

5. Organelles: Cell membrane delimits or covers all sub-cellular structures or organelles like nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, microbodies etc. thus protecting them form the surroundings and also helps in maintaining a constant internal environment.

6. Compartmentalization: Cell membrane separate the cells from their external environment and cell organelle from cytosol. It help the cells and their organelles to have their own microenvironments, structural and functional individuality.

7. Cell Recognition: With the help of glycolipids and glycoproteins on its surface, cell membranes are able to differentiate similar cells from dissimilar ones, foreign substances and cells own materials. Cell recognition is useful for tissue formation and defence against microbes.

8. Antigens: Cell membranes possess antigens which determine blood grouping, immune response, acceptance or rejection of a transplant (graft rejection by MHC’s on plasma membrane).

9. Microvilli: They are microscopic finger like projections of plasma membrane present on some cells like intestinal epithelial cells, which are involved in a wide variety of functions, including increasing surface area for absorption, secretion, cellular adhesion etc.

10. Sheaths of cilia and flagella: Cilia and flagella are projections from the cell; made up of microtubules which are covered by an extension of the plasma membrane.

11. Cytoplasmic bridges in plasmodesmata and gap junctions: Plasmodesmata in plant cells and gap junctions in animal cells; meant for intercellular transport and communication, form cytoplasmic bridges between adjacent cells through plasma membrane.

12. Endocytosis and Exocytosis: Bulk intake of materials or endocytosis occurs through development of membrane vesicles or invagination and engulfing by plasma membrane.

Exocytosis: It is reverse of endocytosis that provides for releasing waste products and secretory materials ot of the cells with the help of plasma membrane.

13. Impulse transmission in neurons: The transmission of a nerve impulse along a neuron from one end to the other occurs as a result of electrical changes across the plasma membrane of the neuron

14. Cell metabolism: Cell membranes control cell metabolism through selective permeability and retentivity of substances in a cell.

15. Electron transport chain in bacteria: In bacteria; Electron transport chain is located in cell membrane.

16. Osmosis through cell membrane: It is movement of solvent molecules (generally water) from the region of less concentrated solution to the region of high concentrated solution through a semi permeable membrane. Here the semi permeable membrane that helps in osmosis is the cell membrane. Eg: Root cells take up water from the soil by osmosis

17. Carrier proteins for active transport: They occur in the cell membranes and control active transport of substances. Example, GLUT1 is a named carrier protein found in almost all animal cell membranes that transports glucose across the bilayer or plasma membrane.

18. Plasma Membrane enzymes: Many enzymes are present on the plasma membrane with wide variety of catalytic activity. Example: Red blood cell plasma membranes contain a number of enzymes such as ATPases, anion transport protein, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, protein kinases, adenylate cyclase, acetylcholinesterase.

19. Cell Membrane Receptors: Receptor on the plasma membrane performs signal transduction, converting an extracellular signal into an intra-cellular signal. Membrane possess receptors for hormones, neurotransmitters, antibodies and several other biochemicals.

20. Plasma membrane assisted Cell movements: Undulation and pseudopodia are cell membrane phenomenon involved in cell movement. Amoeba, macrophages and WBCs move with the helps of temporary organelles like pseudopodia. Pseudopods are temporary cytoplasmic projections of the cell membrane in certain unicellular protists such as Amoeba. Some mammalian cells such as fibroblasts can move over a solid surface by wave like undulations of the plasma membrane.

The Ground Substance of Spiritualism and Spirituality. The vital characteristics, the animating principles of Protoplasm could be known by observing Amoeba proteus. The Living Substance works as an organ of Motion or Movement, as an organ of Nutrition, and as an organ of Reproduction to generate new cells which have a life span of their own. In these physiological functions, I describe the characteristics such as Cognition, Consciousness, Memory, and Intelligence as spiritual attributes of Life as they bring functional unity and harmony in the interactions between different parts of the same individual organism while it exists in an environment as a member of a biological community.

The Spirituality of Substance, Function, Organization, Action and Interactions:

To establish the biological existence of the human organism, I add the concept of Spiritualism and Spirituality to the Cell Theory.

The Single Fertilized Egg Cell has ground substance that is of Spiritual nature and the Spiritualism and Spirituality consists of the following functional, and organizational characteristics:

1. The Cell is Conscious of its own existence and knows its internal condition and knows it external environment.

2. The Cell is intelligent and it has the cognitive abilities like perception and memory to acquire information, to retain information, to recall information, and to use information in the performance of its complex tasks in a sequential manner.

3. The Cell has the ability to show characteristics such as mutual cooperation, mutual tolerance, and display functional subordination and subservience while being independent.

4. The Cell grows, divides, and develops into a complete organism while it acquires substances and energy from an external environment. The power of Protoplasm/Cytoplasm to attract matter found in its external environment is called Nutrition. The Cell continuously transforms matter to build matter of its own kind for its own benefit to sustain its existence with its own identity and individuality. The Organism represents a social group or a biological community of Cells. The Spiritual nature of Protoplasm/Cytoplasm brings this functional harmony and unity in the Social Group or Biotic Community of Cells by bringing together its Essence and Existence.

5. The Cell Theory is incomplete for it does not describe the conditioned nature of the Cell’s existence. The Cell represents a Living System that is thermodynamically unstable. It requires a constant supply of matter and energy from its external environment to sustain its living functions. The concept of Whole Spirituality formulates the connection between the Cell and its external source of matter and energy.

The Rudolf Virchow Connection, The Discovery of Whole Spirituality at Whole Foods, Ann Arbor. The Bone Marrow smear from a patient of Leukemia or Blood Cancer helps to illustrate the nature of Biotic Interactions in the Social Group or Biotic Community that represents the singularity called man. The true or real man can only be discovered by the microscopic study of the Cells that constitute the Organism.

The theoretical claims about Spirit and Soul, the religious and philosophical doctrines of Spiritualism and Spirituality must be verified using the Cell Theory that defines the human organism. To describe Soul or Spirit as nonmaterial or immaterial Self will not help man to know the real or true man.

Simon Cyrene

Whole Foods Arrives in Ann Arbor, September 1993. The Rudolf Virchow Connection at Whole Foods, Ann Arbor can be best described as the concept of Whole Spirituality, the three dimensional spiritual relationship between the multicellular human organism, food, and the Divine Providence.

Whole Foods, Whole People, and Whole Planet come together in a Wholesome Relationship as God is the Energy Provider, the Original Source of Matter and Energy for Life.

Whole Dude at Whole Foods discovers the Material Basis of Spirituality Science to describe the concept of Whole Optics

Whole Optics: The Science of Spiritual Optics

The Science of Spiritual Optics. What is Matter? and What is Spirit? The Laws of Conservation are applicable to both the living, and the non-living matter. Hence, it can be stated that “Life can neither be created nor destroyed.”

What it is to be a Substance? and What it is to Exist? We need to establish knowledge about the man on a firm basis and the information it provides must be tested for its accuracy and consistency with an external reality. We have to make the fundamental distinction between the living and the non-living matter. The scientific advances of the 19th and 20th centuries reinforced the materialistic position concerning the basic similarity of organic living and inorganic physical matter. The man is viewed as a product of natural evolution and is thought to be subject to the same laws of Physics and Chemistry or mechanistic principles.

The Science of Optics-Spiritual Light-Spiritual Optics-God is Light:

WHOLE DUDE - WHOLE OPTICS: SPIRITUALISM INVOLVES A SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF LIGHT OR OPTICS. GOD IS LIGHT, LIGHT IS LIFE, AND COLOR IS THE EVIDENCE FOR THE USE OF IMAGINATION TO FORMULATE SPIRITUAL RELATIONSHIPS. — Whole Dude at Whole Foods discovers the Material Basis of Spirituality Science to describe the concept of Whole Optics. The Material Basis of Spirituality Science. Spiritual Light and Spiritual Optics involves a scientific study of Light or Optics. God is Light or God created Light; Light is Energy, Light is Energy of Life and Color is the evidence for the use of imagination to formulate spiritual relationships between energy dependent life and energy providing Supreme Being.

Optics is the scientific study of Light and the study of Light should be concerned with the genesis, nature, properties of Light and its purpose and role in the establishment of life and interactions among living things.

Whole Dude at Whole Foods discovers the Material Basis of Spirituality Science to describe the concept of Whole Optics. The Material Basis of Spirituality Science. Spiritual Light and Spiritual Optics involves a scientific study of Light or Optics. God is Light or God created Light; Light is Energy, Light is Energy of Life and Color is the evidence for the use of imagination to formulate spiritual relationships between energy dependent life and energy providing Supreme Being.

The first recorded utterance of God in the Bible is, “Let there be light.” (The Old Testament, The First Book of Moses, The Book of Genesis, Chapter 1, verse 3.) Light is the sign of divine operation in the world of chaos and darkness. Light brings order to the world. Without a source of light, a primary source of external energy, life would be impossible on planet Earth. Further, it can be stated that light is essential for life for the synchronization of life’s living functions, and to generate the experience of peace, harmony, and tranquility in the living condition, or state.

Thus light is associated with the experience called happiness. “Every good and perfect gift is from above, coming down from the Father of the heavenly lights.” (The New Testament, The Epistle of Apostle James, Chapter 1, verse 17)

WHOLE DUDE - WHOLE COLORS: The most important function of Light is not that of providing visual sensation. Light performs several non optical functions. Plants do not have the ability to see Light. But, plants have the ability to use light energy to perform biochemical reactions such as Photosynthesis which is a creative mechanism to trap light energy as chemical energy that living things can further use to perform a variety of their living functions. — The Material Basis of Spirituality Science. Spiritual Optics: The most important function of light is not that of providing visual sensation. Light performs several non optical functions. Plants do not have the ability to see Light. But, plants have the ability to use light energy to perform biochemical reactions such as Photosynthesis which is a creative mechanism to trap light energy and convert it into chemical energy that living things can further use to perform a variety of their living functions. Hence light is Divine Providence to transform nonliving matter into Living Organisms which can be identified by their color, and appearance.

What is Color and What is Coloration?

The term ‘color’ refers to the spectral qualities of emitted or reflected light. The term ‘coloration’ is a dynamic and complex characteristic that has captured human interest and attention for a long time. The human interest to coloration ranges from purely aesthetic to the rigidly pragmatic. The human interest in coloration gave the impetus to the experiments conducted by the Moravian abbot Gregor Johann Mendel (1822-1884 ), the botanist who studied inherited characteristics establishing the science of Genetics, using visual clues from the coloration of plant flowers.

WHOLE DUDE - WHOLE COLORS: Human interest in Coloration lead Gregor Mendel to conduct his famous studies that established the science called Genetics. He conducted experiments studying the white or pinkish flowers of Pea(Pisum sativum) plants. — Whole Dude at Whole Foods discovers the Material Basis of Spirituality Science to describe the concept of Whole Optics. The Material Basis of Spirituality Science. Spiritual Light and Spiritual Optics involves a scientific study of Light or Optics. God is Light or God created Light; Light is Energy, Light is Energy of Life and Color is the evidence for the use of imagination to formulate spiritual relationships between energy dependent life and energy providing Supreme Being. The human interest in Coloration lead Gregor Mendel to conduct his famous studies that established the science called Genetics. He conducted experiments studying the white or pinkish flowers of Pea (Pisum sativum) plants.

Biological Coloration:

Biological Coloration refers to the general appearance of an organism as determined by the quality and quantity of light that is reflected or emitted from its surface. This Coloration depends upon several factors:

1. The integrity and deployment of the structural units and features involved in the generation of color,

2. The color and distribution of the organism’s pigments, and the relative location of differently colored areas,

3. The shape, posture, position, and movement of the organism,

4. The quality and quantity of light striking the organism, including the seasonal light and temperature variations,

5. The psychological, behavioral, hormonal, and other physiological conditions associated with the use of color,

6. The visual capacity of the viewer.

The Optical and Non-Optical Functions of Coloration:

**WholeDude – Whole Artist : Chilean Mimulus flowers. Mimulus luteus. Who is the artist that caused this visual effect?**

In plants and animals, coloration serves the function of communication. Plants do not have the ability called visual perception and yet they can transmit optical signals to attract the attention of pollinators to achieve reproductive success. Coloration such as ‘advertising coloration’ may emphasize optical signals and thereby enhance communication. Organisms use such communication to modify biotic interactions with other members of their biological community. The coloration may repel, or attract another organism. However, coloration could also be used to suppress optical signals or to specifically create incorrect signals and thereby reduce communication. Thus coloration contributes to adaptive interactions; and the deceptive coloration serves to lessen detrimental or maladaptive interaction with other organisms.

Whole Dude - Whole Colors: Display Coloration of Cock of the Rock(Rupicola rupicola of Peru). — **The Material Basis of Spirituality Science. Spiritual Optics. The Display Coloration of Cock of the Rock (Rupicola rupicola of Peru).**

Whole Dude - Whole Colors: Display Coloration, Flash Colors of male frigate bird(Fregata minor) with red throat patch inflated to attract a female. — **The Material Basis of Spirituality Science. Spiritual Optics: The Display Coloration, Flash Colors of male frigate bird (Fregata minor) with red throat patch inflated to attract a female.**

Whole Dude - Whole Colors: Display Coloration. Keel-billed Toucan(Ramphastos sulfuratus) uses color for species recognition. — **Whole Dude – Whole Colors: Display Coloration. Keel-billed Toucan (Ramphastos sulfuratus) uses color for species recognition.**

Whole Dude-Whole Colors: Alluring Coloration. The blue-tailed skink(Eumeces skiltonianus) can shed its tail at will and uses it to distract potential predators. — **Whole Dude-Whole Colors: Alluring Coloration. The blue-tailed skink (Eumeces skiltonianus) can shed its tail at will and uses it to distract potential predators.**

Whole Dude-Whole Colors: Display Coloration. Courtship Coloration of male Mandrill(Mandrillus sphynx). — **Whole Dude-Whole Colors: Display Coloration. The Courtship Coloration of male Mandrill (Mandrillus sphynx).**

Whole Dude-Whole Colors: Display Coloration. Peacock, the male peafowl(Pavo cristatus) displays a stunningly beautiful array of colors to attract the attention of female. — **Whole Dude-Whole Colors: The Display Coloration. Peacock, the male peafowl (Pavo cristatus) displays a stunningly beautiful array of colors to attract the attention of female.**

Whole Dude - Whole Colors: The green pigment called Chlorophyll is the only substance in nature able to trap and store the energy of Sunlight. The light absorbed by Chlorophyll molecules is mainly in the red and blue-violet parts of the visible spectrum; the green portion is not absorbed but reflected, and thus Chlorophyll appears Green. The function of Light and Color is that of Creation of Life. — Whole Dude – Whole Colors: Structures called Chloroplasts found inside the cells of green plants contain the green pigment known as Chlorophyll is the only substance in nature able to trap and store the energy of Sunlight. The light absorbed by Chlorophyll molecules is mainly in the red and blue-violet parts of the visible spectrum; the green portion is not absorbed but reflected, and thus Chlorophyll appears Green. The function of Light and Color is that of Creation of Life.

Coloration may affect an organism in ways other than its interaction with other organisms. Such non optical functions of coloration include physiological roles that depend on the molecular properties (e.g., strength and type of chemical bonds) of the chemicals that create color. Chlorophyll is a green pigment which has the exclusive ability of trapping solar energy. Other examples include, dark hair is mechanically stronger than light hair, and dark feathers resist abrasion better than light feathers. Coloration may play a role in organism’s energy budget because biochromes create color by the differential reflection and absorption of solar energy and can contribute to maintain thermal equilibrium. Color pigments like melanin work as a barrier against the harmful effects of the ultraviolet rays of Sunlight. It is the mechanism for the absorption of heat in cold environments by small cold-blooded animals. Pigments found in the eye limit the incidence of beams of light entering the eye by absorbing scattered light within the eyeball that allows greater visual acuity. Coloration or its pattern affects an animal’s own vision. Surfaces near the eye may be darkly colored to reduce reflectance that interferes with vision. Emitted light or Bioluminescence forms a portion of the coloration of some organisms. It serves as a light source in nocturnal species or in deep water marine animals such as Pinecones Fishes which have bright photophores or bioluminescent organs.

**Whole Dude-Whole Colors: Bioluminescence is a non optical function of Coloration as seen in this deep water fish Monocentris japonicus.**

Coloration can result from accumulation of by-products of metabolic processes. The abnormal coloration called ‘jaundice’ or ‘icterus’ describes the greenish-yellow condition of the skin, urine, and eyeballs from increased amounts of bile pigments in the blood and it often indicates a diseased condition like hepatitis, a liver disorder. Similarly, Cyanosis describes a bluish or purple coloration of skin, lips, fingers, eyes, and other mucous membranes caused by lack of oxygen, the presence of desaturated hemoglobin, or abnormal hemoglobin in the blood.

Whole Dude-Whole Colors: Coloration may reveal an underlying diseased condition. This yellow discoloration of eyes and face is called 'Jaundice' or Icterus often caused by Liver inflammation. — **Whole Dude-Whole Colors: Coloration may reveal an underlying diseased condition. This yellow discoloration of eyes and face is called ‘Jaundice’ or Icterus often caused by Liver inflammation.**

**Whole Dude-Whole Colors: The bluish skin coloration of this baby is called Cyanosis and the presence of this coloration helps to diagnose the condition of the baby.**

Spiritual Light – Spiritual Optics:

Light is the source of Life. The establishment of light on planet Earth is a creative process that uses light energy to recreate the spectral colors in the lives of individual organisms. The Biological Coloration is the most compelling evidence of the fact of creation. Animals, and plants do not have the ability to generate colors by simply depending upon spontaneous, random, and unguided mutations. Biological Coloration requires complex synchronization of morphological appearance, biotic interactions and behavior of living organisms that share a given environment. Light is the primary source of external energy to support the existence of all living things. The principles of Physical Optics, Geometrical Optics, Physiological Optics have to operate in conjunction with Spiritual Optics to generate the experience of peace, harmony, and tranquility that is fundamental to existence. Life is a manifestation of order to replace disorder, or confusion that could be caused if light does not provide the stimulus called illumination that drives away darkness. It is no surprise to note that the major Biological Rhythm is called the Diurnal, or Day, or Solar Rhythm.

Simon Cyrene

The Colorful images of Spiritual Optics:

The Colors of Spiritualism: TARANTULA SPIDER - Poecilotheria metallica. Spider of Southeast India, and Sri Lanka. What is Color? What generates the Color? — **The Colors of Spiritualism: TARANTULA SPIDER – Poecilotheria metallica. Spider of Southeast India, and Sri Lanka. What is Color? What generates the Color?**

**The Images of Spiritualism: Naja naja. The Indian snake Cobra with warning coloration on its hood.**

**Spiritualism in Images: Concealing and Disruptive Coloration of Tiger.**

Spiritualism in Images: Disruptive Coloration of Zebras - Equus burchelli — **Spiritualism in Images: Disruptive Coloration of Zebras – Equus burchelli.**

Spiritualism in Images: Concealing and Protective Coloration - Shadow pattern - Odocoileus virginianus - Mottling of the fawn's coat. — **Spiritualism in Images: Concealing and Protective Coloration – Shadow pattern – Odocoileus virginianus – Mottling of the fawn’s coat.**

Spiritualism in Images: Protective Coloration - Countershading - Kob kobus - kob - thomasi of Uganda. — **Spiritualism in Images: Protective Coloration – Counter-shading – Kobus – Kobus – kob – thomasi of Uganda.**

Spiritualism in Images: Concealing Coloration. Ceylon leaf insect - Philium. — **Spiritualism in Images: Concealing Coloration. Ceylon leaf insect – Philium.**

Spiritualism in Images: Concealing Coloration. Walking stick insect - Phasmatidae - Phraortes illepidus. — **Spiritualism in Images: Concealing Coloration. Walking stick insect – Phasmatidae – Phraortes illepidus.**

Spiritualism in Images: Concealing Coloration - Leaf Butterfly - Anaea — **Spiritualism in Images: Concealing Coloration – Leaf Butterfly – Anaea**

Spiritualism in Images: Concealing Coloration. Thorn treehopper - Umbonia spinosa. — **Spiritualism in Images: Concealing Coloration. Thorn treehopper – Umbonia spinosa.**

Spiritualism in Images: Concealing Coloration. Black Swallowtail Butterfly - Papilio. — **Spiritualism in Images: Concealing Coloration. Black Swallowtail Butterfly – Papilio.**

Spiritualism in Images: Concealing Coloration. Pleuronectiformes - Flatfish. — **Spiritualism in Images: Concealing Coloration. Pleuronectiformes – Flatfish.**

**Spiritualism in Images: Concealing Coloration. Right-eyed Flounder.**

**Spiritualism in Colors: Concealing Coloration. Scolopax rusticola. European Woodcock.**

**Spiritualism in Images: Disruptive and Concealing Coloration. Blacksmith Plover. Vanellus armatus.**

Spiritualism in Images: Willow Ptarmigan. Lagopus lagopus. — **Spiritualism in Images: Concealing and Disruptive Coloration. Willow Ptarmigan. Lagopus lagopus.**

**Spiritualism in Images: Disruptive and Concealing Coloration. Moorish Idol. Zanclus canescens.**

**Spiritualism in Images: Concealing Coloration. Orchid Mantis of Malay peninsula. Hymenopus coronatus.**

**Spiritualism in Images: Disruptive and Protective Coloration. Emperor moth. Saturnia pavonia.**

Spiritualism in Images - Protective Coloration. Startle Markings. False eye. Butterfly fish. Chaetodon capistratus. — **Spiritualism in Images – Protective Coloration. Startle Markings. False eye. Butterfly fish. Chaetodon capistratus.**

**Spiritualism in Images: Warning Coloration. Puss moth caterpillar Cerura when threatened, raised head and tail thorns displayed.**

**Spiritualism in Images: Protective Coloration. Startle markings. False eyes on Noctuid moth. Noctuidae. Donuca orbigera.**

Spiritualism in Images- Adaptive Coloration. Octopus vulgaris can blanch and change its coloration. — **Spiritualism in Images – Adaptive Coloration. Octopus vulgaris can blanch and change its coloration.**

**Spiritualism in Images: Adaptive Coloration. Anolis carolinensis can gradually change its coloration from green to brown to match its background.**

Spiritualism in Images. Batesian Mimicry. Non-venomous Scarlet King snake mimicking of the venomous Coral snake. Both have colored rings encircling their bodies. Coral snake has black-yellow-red-yellow ring order, and Scarlet snake has black-yellow-black-red ring order. Its predator has no perfect discrimination ability and gets easily confused about its identity.

Spiritualism in Images: Mullerian Mimicry. The black-and-yellow coloration of bees and wasps is an advertising, warning coloration to warn the third party of dangerous or inedible qualities of the organism. This is not deceptive coloration. Potential predators easily learn and generalize this optic signal. — Spiritualism in Images: Mullerian Mimicry. The black-and-yellow coloration of bees and wasps is an advertising, warning coloration to warn the third-party of dangerous or inedible qualities of the organism. This is not deceptive coloration. Potential predators easily learn and generalize this optic signal.

**Spiritualism in Images: Warning Coloration. Yellow and black markings on Poison frogs. Mimic of Ranitomeya summersi.**

**Spiritualism in Colors: What is Color? What generates the Color? The Colors of Eugenes fulgens. It is the radiating Spiritual Light that is reflected and is recognized by the viewer.**

Spiritualism in Images: The Superb Tanager. Tangara fastuosa. What is Color? What generates the Color? This Superb creature is known for its Tyndall Blue Color. It needs structural elements and pigments to generate these alluring colors it displays.

What is Matter? and What is Spirit? What is the Color of Money? If materialism is about the influence of material wealth, I want to use the Power/Force/Energy called Money to talk about Life and Death. The Laws of Conservation are applicable to both the living, and the non-living matter. Hence, it can be stated that “Life can neither be created nor destroyed.” If any person can refute my claim using valid, scientific information, I would offer the person a US $1,000 bill as a reward.

Whole Dude at Whole Foods defines Man as the Spectrum of Seven Colors

Whole Dude’s Whole Theory of Man

Whole Dude’s WholeTheory of Man, The Spectrum of Seven Colors: These Colors or Dimensions are, 1. The Physical, 2. The Mental, 3. The Social, 4. The Moral, 5. The Spiritual, 6. The Creative, and 7. The Rational

Whole Dude’s Whole Theory of Man defines Man as the ‘Spectrum of Seven Colors’. Isaac Newton could easily verify his ‘Theory of Light’ by conducting his critical experiment in which he used two prisms to breakdown and to reconstitute white light rays. In case of Man, such experimental verification is not possible as Science does not have the capability to breakdown the man and reconstitute him. However, Science provides verified information about the building blocks of life and about basic living functions such as ‘Metabolism’ which essentially involve making, breaking, and repairing ‘Molecules of Life’.

Man–The Spectrum of Seven Colors

For purposes of defining Man the concept of Light Spectrum is useful. Light Spectrum appears continuous with no distinct boundaries. The ‘Singularity’ called Man can be easily witnessed at conception at the stage of Single, fertilized Egg Cell. The study of Man during all stages of his physical existence provides information about Man’s Seven Dimensions or Seven Colors. These are, 1. The Physical, Mortal Being, 2. The Mental Being, 3. The Social Being, 4. The Moral Being, 5. The Spiritual Being, 6. The Created Being, and 7. The Rational Being. Science called Cell & Molecular Biology can account for biomolecules of life and yet do not explain or account for the constitution of Man as a Rational Being.

NEWTON’S THEORY OF LIGHT

Clipped from: http://www.thestargarden.co.uk/Newtons-theory-of-light.html

3.1 Newton’s crucial experiment

English natural philosopher Isaac Newton bought his first prism in 1666, one year after Italian natural philosopher Francesco Grimaldi’s work on diffraction was published.[1]

Newton claimed that Grimaldi’s diffraction was simply a new kind of refraction. He argued that the geometric nature of the laws of reflection and refraction could only be explained if light was made of particles, which he referred to as corpuscles, since waves don’t tend to travel in straight lines.

After joining the Royal Society of London in 1672, Newton stated that the 44th trail in a series of experiments he had previously conducted had proven that light is made of particles and not waves.[2,3]

Advocates of the wave theory had previously stated that light waves are made of white light, and that the color spectrum that can be seen through a prism is formed because of corruption within the glass. This means that the more glass the light travels through, the more corrupt it will become.

In order to prove that this was false, Newton passed a beam of white light through two prisms, which were held at such an angle that it split into a spectrum when passing through the first prism and was recomposed, back into white light, by the second prism (as shown in Figure 3.1). This showed that the color spectrum is not caused by glass corrupting the light. Newton claimed this was a ‘crucial experiment’.

A crucial experiment is any experiment devised to decide between two contradictory theories, where the failure of one determines the certainty of the other. Since almost everyone agreed that light must be composed of either particles or waves, Newton used the failure of the wave theory to prove that light is made of particles. Newton concluded that light is composed of colored particles that combine to appear white.[4]

3.2 Newton’s color spectrum

Newton introduced the term ‘color spectrum’ and although the spectrum appears continuous, with no distinct boundaries between the colors, he chose to divide it into seven: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, and violet. Newton chose the number seven because of the Ancient Greek belief that seven is a mystical number.[5]

Newton showed that every color has a unique angle of refraction that can be calculated using a suitable prism. He saw that all objects appear to be the same color as the beam of colored light that illuminates them, and that a beam of colored light will stay the same color no matter how many times it is reflected or refracted. This led him to conclude that color is a property of the light that reflects from objects, not a property of the objects themselves.[2]

3.3 Criticism from the Royal Society

Despite Newton’s confidence that his theory had been proven, it still faced several problems and was not accepted straight away. Within a year of his announcement, fellow Royal Society member, English natural philosopher Robert Hooke, published similar results to Grimaldi. He argued that diffraction is not a new type of refraction, as Newton had claimed, and that it could only be explained by assuming that light is composed of waves.[1,6]

Many other members joined Hooke in criticizing Newton’s particle theory. Some denied that Newton’s color spectrum existed at all and others denied that his 44th trial really proved that light is not composed of waves. Those that tried to replicate Newton’s experiment often failed.

Prisms were still not commonly accepted as scientific instruments. They were sold as simple forms of entertainment, and there was little technical work on their design or improvement. Venetian glass was regarded as the standard against which other glasses were compared but even this was full of air bubbles and flaws. Newton did not help matters by concealing the details of his trials. He did not explain how to produce a spectrum from the first prism or specify the size or geometry of the second.[1]

It was not until 1676, four years after Newton’s initial publication, that he performed more trials and gave people enough information to be able replicate them. Newton finally stated that the best prisms to use were those made in London, not Italy, as these were the clearest. Newton stated that those who failed to replicate his experiments must have been using bad prisms, but this was often seen as an excuse and Newton eventually withdrew from debate on the subject.[1]

3.4 Huygens’ wave theory

In 1678, Dutch natural philosopher Christiaan Huygens claimed to have disproved Newton’s theory by showing that the laws of reflection and refraction can be derived from his wave theory of light.[7]

Huygens argued that diffraction occurs because of the interference of wavefront. When light is pushed through a small slit, waves are pushed together at different angles and this creates fringes of light and dark shadows, an interference pattern. This is how water waves behave when they pass through a small gap.

Huygens believed that light waves differ from water waves in one respect: water waves are transverse, the waves move up and down like a sine wave while the water moves forwards. Huygens thought that light waves were longitudinal, moving in a parallel direction to the beam.[8]

Sound is an example of a longitudinal wave because sound waves move forwards by periodically displacing molecules in the air, but the molecules themselves do not move forwards, they simply vibrate.

In order for light to move through space as either type of wave, it must have a medium to propagate through. This means that Huygens’ theory, like all theories of light before it, was reliant upon the idea that the universe is filled with Aristotle’s fifth element, the ether.

Figure 3.4

The direction of oscillation and propagation of longitudinal and transverse waves.

3.5 Bartholin’s calcite crystals

In 1669, three years before Newton first presented his particle theory of light, Danish natural philosopher Erasmus Bartholin had begun experimenting with transparent calcite crystals, which had been discovered in Iceland. He found that when an image is placed behind a crystal it’s duplicated, with one copy appearing slightly higher than the other.[8,9]

When Bartholin rotated the crystal, he saw that one image disappeared while the other rotated with it. This led him to conclude that something in the crystal had split the beam of light into two different rays. Bartholin referred to this as “one of the greatest wonders that nature has produced”, and saw it as advocating Huygens’ wave theory of light.[10]

Figure 3.5

Double refraction within a calcite crystal.

Whole Dude’s WholeTheory of Man, The Spectrum of Seven Colors: These Colors or Dimensions are, 1. The Physical, 2. The Mental, 3. The Social, 4. The Moral, 5. The Spiritual, 6. The Creative, and 7. The Rational

Huygens suggested that Bartholin’s findings could be explained if the crystal contained two different materials, one that produced spherical waves, and one ellipsoidal. Huygens continued Bartholin’s experiments and found that if he placed two crystals next to each other, then the number of images varied, depending on whether the crystals were placed parallel or perpendicular to each other. This was something that his wave theory of light could not explain[11] (discussed further in Chapter 5).

3.6 Newton’s Opticks

Newton did not contribute to the debate until after Hooke’s death, 32 years after his original publication. In 1704, he was elected President of the Royal Society and published Opticks, his most comprehensive theory of light. In the opening sections of the book, Newton showed how to reconstruct his prism experiments in more detail. This led to many more successful reconstructions.[1,5]

Newton interpreted Huygens’ findings in terms of his own particle theory of light. He suggested that the experiments with the calcite crystals showed that light has ‘sides’, something that could easily be understood in terms of particles.

Newton also used the publication of Opticks to defend his stance on diffraction. In order to do so he had to appeal to wave-like properties, and argued that particles of light create waves in the ether. After the publication of Opticks, Newton’s theory gained considerable popularity but some of his critics remained unconvinced.[1]

There was one way to experimentally determine which theory was correct: if light is composed of particles then it should travel faster in a denser medium, but if it’s composed of waves then a denser medium should slow it down. This experiment would not be conducted for another 150 years, but by the end of the 1800s, both theories would be proven wrong.

Whole Dude at Whole Foods is a known Individual with Identity and Individuality

Identity and Individuality in the Multicellular Human Organism

In 1965, while I was a student of Human Anatomy at Kurnool Medical College, I had the opportunity to know about Dr. J. C. B. Grant (1886-1973), the author of Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy. The 5th Edition of his Atlas was published in 1962 and was available in India in our Medical College Library.

John Charles Boileau Grant (1886–1973)

Born in Loanhead (south of Edinburgh) in 1886, Grant studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh Medical School and graduated with an M.B., Ch.B. degree in 1908. While at Edinburgh, he worked under the renowned anatomist Daniel John Cunningham.

badge, headdress, British, Royal Army Medical Corps (INS 8067) Brass cap badge of the rod of Aesculapius with a serpent entwined round it, head uppermost and looking left, all within a laurel wreath. Above, an Imperial (King’s) crown and below, a scroll bearing ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS. Slider to reverse. Copyright: � IWM. Original Source: http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30078877

Grant became a decorated serviceman of the Royal Army Medical Corps during the First World War before moving to Canada. He established himself as an ‘anatomist extraordinary’ at the University of Toronto, publishing three textbooks that form the basis of Grant’s Anatomy. The textbooks are still used in anatomy classes today, and made unforgettable memories for those who found themselves in his classes nearly a century ago. One of Grant’s many accomplishments was establishing a division of histology within the department.

As a medical student, I used Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy, the seminal work of Scottish-born Dr. John Charles Boileau Grant, who would become the chair of Anatomy at the University of Toronto in 1930 and retired in 1965.

The Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy (1943) is used to train thousands of medical students around the world. Grant came to University of Toronto’s Faculty of Medicine from University of Manitoba (and previously Edinburgh), and was Chair of the Department of Anatomy there from 1930 to 1965. Although he is best known for this famous atlas, his research and teaching also included biological anthropology, as evidenced by such work as Anthropometry of the Cree and Saulteaux Indians in Northeastern Manitoba (Archaeological Survey of Canada 1929). The human skeletal collection he formed, the “J.C.B. Grant Collection,” is still a core collection for human osteology in the Department of Anthropology at University of Toronto. He is also remembered in the Grant’s Museum at the Medical Sciences Building at the University of Toronto. This museum, with its displays of anatomical specimens, many of which were dissected by Grant himself, continues to be used in an active learning environment by more than 1000 students each year.

Students continue to use Grant’s textbooks today, and for the more artistic anatomist there’s even a Grant’s Anatomy Coloring Book, published in 2018.

**Whole Dude at Whole Foods examines the complex issues of identity and individuality in the multicellular human organism**. **The Law of Individuality governs all Individual Living Things.**

At the University of Toronto, Dr.McMurrich, Chair of Anatomy was succeeded as chairman in 1930 by Dr. John Charles Boileau Grant. Dr. Grant wrote three text books, of which “An Atlas of Anatomy” (published in 1943) rapidly gained international prominence and is still, one of the most widely used anatomical atlases in the world. It is now known as “Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy” and is in its tenth edition. The atlas was based on a series of elegant dissections done either by Grant or by others under his supervision. Many of these dissections are currently housed in Grant’s Museum at the University of Toronto.

To know man, the building blocks and the structural units and organization of the human body must be studied. To defend human existence, Whole Dude lays the emphasis on knowing the person who is at risk apart from knowing the agent posing the risk.

The Identity of Multicellular Human Organism:

Whole Dude at Whole Foods examines the complex issues of identity and individuality in the multicellular human organism. Cunningham’s Manuals of Practical Anatomy provide me the learning tools to know and understand Man’s External and Internal Reality and its Identity as described by Cells, Tissues, Organs,and Organ Systems

Daniel John Cunningham was born on 15 April 1850 in Scotland. After his initial schooling at his home town, Crieff, he took up the study of medicine at the University of Edinburgh and passed with honours. He is best known for the excellent series of dissection manuals, namely Cunningham’s Dissection Manuals. Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy has provided me the learning tools to know and understand Man’s External and Internal Reality and its Identity as described by Cells, Tissues, Organs,and Organ Systems.

I learned the truths about the living human body and about Life while dissecting the dead human bodies in a systematic manner. The Manual of Practical Anatomy which guides us through this entire process was published in England. The author Dr. Daniel John Cunningham prepared the Manual while dissecting cadavers of British or Irish citizens. He had never encountered cadavers of Indian citizens. At Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India, where I was a student, the Department of Anatomy obtains dead bodies from Government General Hospital Kurnool and most of the deceased are the poor, illiterate, and uneducated people of that region. None of the deceased had the chance to know this man called Cunningham and Cunningham had no knowledge about the existence of these people who arrive on our dissection tables. But, as the dissection of the human body proceeds, inch, by inch, we recognize the anatomical parts as described by Cunningham. The manual also lists some anatomical variations and we very often exchange information between various dissection tables and recognize the variations mentioned. The dissections also involve slicing the organs and studying them, both macroscopically, and microscopically. We did not miss any part of the human body.

Whole Dude at Whole Foods examines the complex issues of identity and individuality in the multicellular human organism. THE NEWBORN BABY ALWAYS ARRIVES INTO THE WORLD WITH AN ORIGINAL, UNIQUE, DISTINCT, AND ONE OF ITS OWN KIND OF GENOME THAT HAS NEVER EXISTED IN THE PAST AND WILL NEVER EXIST AGAIN IN THE FUTURE.

Understanding Individuality:

A colony of genetically identical E. coli bacteria is actually a mob of individuals.

Dr. Michael Elowitz and Dr. Long Cai are developing a platform through which cells can self-record their lineage and molecular event histories directly into their own DNA as they create new tissues, particularly in the brain. This research will help to address how individual cells in a developing embryo diversify into many distinct cell types, each playing its unique role in the organism.

Dr. Michael Elowitz, Physicist at California Institute of Technology has conducted experiments on colonies of genetically identical (clones) E. coli bacteria under identical conditions and discovered that they behave in different ways.

Understanding Individuality: Even among simple forms of life, like the common bacterium E. coli, genetics only partly determines what any one organism is like. E. coli expresses its individuality in many ways. All the bacilli above are genetically identical, but the shades show differences in the production of proteins that digest lactose.Credit…Dr. Michael Elowitz

The key to understanding E. coli’s fingerprints is to recognize that the bacteria are not simple machines. Unlike wires and transistors, E. coli’s molecules are floppy, twitchy and unpredictable. In an electronic device, like a computer or a radio, electrons stream in a steady flow through the machine’s circuits, but the molecules in E. coli jostle and wander. When E. coli begins using a gene to make a protein, it does not produce a smoothly increasing supply. It spurts out the proteins in fits and starts. One clone may produce half a dozen copies of a protein in an hour, while a clone right next to it produces none.

Michael Elowitz, a physicist at Caltech, put these bursts on display in an elegant experiment. He and his colleagues incited E. coli to produce its proteins for feeding on lactose. Dr. Elowitz and his colleagues added extra genes to the bacteria so that when they made lactose-digesting proteins, they also released light.

The bacteria, Dr. Elowitz found, did not produce a uniform glow. They flickered, sometimes brightly, sometimes dimly. And when Dr. Elowitz took a snapshot of the colony, it was not a uniform sea of light. Some microbes were dark at that moment while others shone at full strength.

At the very least, E. coli’s individuality should be a warning to those who would put human nature down to any sort of simple genetic determinism. Living things are more than just programs run by genetic software. Even in minuscule microbes, the same genes and the same genetic network can lead to different fates.

The bacteria have fingerprints of their own and even when they share the same genome, they could still be identified as individuals.

The Law of Individuality:

I propose the Law of Individuality which governs all the living entities. Either with the same and identical genome or with different genomes, all living organisms have no choice other than that of living as Individuals. The genes and the genetic codes function in accordance with the Law of Individuality. While the genetic structural organization is the same, there is functional variability due to factors over which the organism has no control. I describe Individuality as a Trade Mark. It is the characteristic of a biological entity. Genes and the genetic codes are the tools that an organism uses to express its Individuality. Each organism assembles its own kind of protein molecules to define its identity and to defend its existence in the natural world. The concept of Biological Individual and Individuality has to be always defined in the context of the Individual’s relationship with its own Body, Social Group, Society, Time, and the Environment in which the Individual finds the reality of its own Existence.

Man is constituted as a Biotic Community of socially interacting cells and microbes

Biology must use the concept of Soul/Spirit to identify each man as a Specific Individual with Individuality. Human Identity and Individuality always involves the biological community, the time, the place, and the environment which are constantly interacting to provide the basis for the human existence.

Whole Dude Discovers the Doctrine of Whole Optics – The Celebration of the Festival of Lights

The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025.

Excerpt: Diwali, or Deepavali, is a Hindu festival of lights signifying the victory of good over evil, celebrated by followers of Jainism, Sikhism, and Buddhism as well. It falls on the 15th day of Kartik month each year. In 2025, it will be celebrated on Monday, October 20. The five-day celebration starts with Dhanteras, buying new utensils and jewelry, followed by Choti Diwali, the main Diwali celebration, Govardhan Puja, and Bhai Dooj. The difference between Diwali and Deepavali lies mainly in regional linguistic variations. The festival is also associated with illuminating the ‘inner light’ that wards off spiritual darkness. I coined the phrase Whole Optics to describe God as the Creator of Light who uses Light as an instrument of Knowledge in the performance of the Vital Function called Respiration that illuminates both the Inner and Outer Worlds by connecting the Energy Seeker and the Energy Provider.

Diwali or Deepawali is a festival of Hindus associated with lights (also called as festival of light) that symbolizes the victory of good over evil. Not just Hindus, but people of Jainism, Sikhism and Buddhism religion also celebrate the festival of Diwali with great pomp. According to the ancient calendar, Diwali is observed on Amavasya – the 15th day – of the month of Kartik, every year. In 2025, Diwali will be celebrated on Monday, October 20.

**The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Friday, November 01, 2024.** The New Moon Tithi Amavasya begins on Monday October 20 and concludes on Tuesday, October 21, 2025.

What are the 5 days of Diwali in 2025?

The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025. Spiritualism-The Victory of Good over Evil : I define Spiritualism as an Unchanging, Underlying Principle that supports the existence of every living Object that changes in Nature under the influence of the Cyclical Flow of Time.

Dhanteras is the first day of Diwali and is considered to be a very auspicious day to buy new utensils and jewelry. On this day, people worship Lord Dhanvantari, the god of medicine and health.

Choti Diwali is the second day of Diwali and is also known as Kali Chaudas. On this day, people worship Lord Hanuman and Goddess Kali. It is also a day to clean the house and get rid of old and unwanted things.

Diwali is the third day of Diwali and is the main day of the festival. On this day, people worship Goddess Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity. They also light diyas (oil lamps) and candles to illuminate their homes and businesses.

Govardhan Puja is the fourth day of Diwali and is also known as Annakut. On this day, people worship Lord Krishna and offer him a mountain of food made from various grains and vegetables.

Bhai Dooj is the fifth and final day of Diwali. On this day, sisters apply tilak (vermilion mark) on the foreheads of their brothers and pray for their well-being. Brothers in turn give gifts to their sisters.

What is the difference between Diwali and Deepavali?

**Bharat Darshan – The celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025**

Diwali and Deepavali are two different names for the same festival, which is widely celebrated in India and by the Indian diaspora around the world. The difference lies in the way the words are spelled and pronounced based on regional and linguistic variations.

Diwali: This is the more commonly used term, and it is widely recognized in North India and other parts of the country. “Diwali” is the anglicized version of the festival’s name and is commonly used in English-language contexts.

Deepavali: This term is commonly used in South India and in some Southeast Asian countries with a significant Indian population. “Deepavali” is the original Sanskrit name of the festival, where “Deepa” means “lamp” or “light,” and “Avali” means “a row” or “a series.” It refers to the rows of lamps and lights that are lit during the festival to symbolize the victory of light over darkness and good over evil.

Diwali is not only a festival of lights, but it also has great cultural and spiritual significance. The festival symbolizes the victory of good over evil, light over darkness, and knowledge over ignorance. The lighting of diyas is believed to represent the inner light that protects us from spiritual darkness. It is also a time for families and friends to come together, share sweets and delicacies, and exchange gifts.

**The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025.** Indians will be celebrating the festival of KARTHIGAI DEEPAM, KARTHIKAI DEEPAM, OR ‘KARTIKA DEEPAM’. Should man search inwards or search outwards to find God? I can search if and only if my existence is supported. For my existence, I depend upon the ability of plants called photoreception.

Deepam Jyoti Parabrahma
Deepam Sarva tamopaham

Deepena Saadhyathe Sarvam
Sandhya Deepam Namostute

Light or JYOTI in Sanskrit language represents the Eternal Reality. Jyoti is our conscious, its our awareness and it connects us to the Creator. This consciousness permeates all entities that are created and it includes all the five elements of Mother Nature. Consciousness is a function which enables a living organism to be aware of its own state of existence and to maintain that state of existence. Living organisms are aware of their need for an external source of energy to sustain their state of existence. Living organisms exist as ‘Energy Seekers’ and to exist they need connection with a ‘Energy Provider’. Consciousness is a biological function which establishes the connection between ‘Energy Seeker’ and ‘Energy Provider’. Because of this awareness, all entities would recognize and respond to their Creator, the Prime Source of Energy and the Controller of Energy.

The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025. Deepam Jyoti Param Brahma – Light and Ultimate Reality. Indian Tradition recognizes ‘Light’ as the manifestation of Ultimate Reality known as Param Brahma and Indians worship all sources of light including that of a light bulb.

Indians light up a lamp as a ritual to worship a deity of their choice. In several parts of the world and in various cultural traditions, the use of light is prevalent and is a part of ritualistic worship. In the Land of India, light is not only used as part of a ritual but also is directly worshiped with the belief that light represents God.

Spirituality Science – Light of Lights – The Phenomenon of Illumination

THE PHENOMENON OF ILLUMINATION: THE LIGHT IS THE SOURCE OF ILLUMINATION. THE KNOWLEDGE IS THE OBJECT OF ILLUMINATION. THE MIND IS THE OBSERVER OF ILLUMINATION. THERE IS UNITY BETWEEN THE SOURCE, THE OBJECT KNOWN, THE KNOWER TO MANIFEST THE PHENOMENA OF KNOWING.

I am pleased to share an article titled “Light of Lights” published by Dr. Sarvepalli Anantha Padmanabha Rao, M.S. who served for many years as a Professor of Surgery, and as Director of Medical Education in the Government of Andhra Pradesh Medical and Health Services. It is important to know the views shared by the traditional thinkers of India and in my view, Indian Schools of Thought such as Advaita (Non-Dualism) have formulated their theories about the true or real identity of Self (Atman) without considering the physiological or biological basis for hosting a thought about Self (Atman) which may have an independent existence while it is totally detached from the Body, and Mind of its thinker.

Bharat Darshan discovers Indian Identity by turning on the Light Bulb. Deepam Jyoti Param Brahma – Light and Ultimate Reality. Indian Tradition recognizes ‘Light’ as the manifestation of Ultimate Reality known as Param Brahma and Indians worship all sources of light including that of a light bulb.

While Mysticism is a part of various religious traditions, I am asking my readers to seek “Whole Illumination” by investigating and by exploring the basis for man’s existence in the natural world. Any such explanation, or clarification would come to a conclusion and will assert that the man needs association, partnership, relationship, bonding, cooperation, assistance, patronage, Yoking, or Unity with a source of Energy that exists in the man’s external environment. The man cannot maintain the fact or the reality of his physical existence using introspection, meditation, or contemplative prayer which could be of use in illuminating man’s “Inner World” and provide him “Inner Vision”, a vision or illumination that describes the Identity of man’s true or real Self (Atman) and its perfect, complete, and wholesome Divine Nature.

The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Phenomenon of Knowing:

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - LIGHT OF LIGHTS - THE PHENOMENON OF ILLUMINATION : THE ILLUMINED MIND KNOWS THE KNOWER, THE KNOWLEDGE, AND THE SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE. — **The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025.** **SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – LIGHT OF LIGHTS – THE PHENOMENON OF ILLUMINATION: THE ILLUMINED MIND KNOWS THE KNOWER, THE KNOWLEDGE, AND THE SOURCE OF KNOWLEDGE.**

The term illumination describes lighting or light. It is often used as the act or process of making something clearer or brighter or as a device for doing so. The word ‘illuminating’ or ‘illuminated’ is often applied to a clarification or explanation that sheds light on a subject that needs careful interpretation of information. In Physics, illumination is about the intensity of light per unit of area; the luminous flux per unit area at any point on a surface exposed to incident light. It is also called Illuminance. However, in Biology, the phenomenon of Illumination requires the study of Optics, Photoreception, and Photochemistry. The biological processes that involve the response of a living thing to the Light stimulus need to be stated as Photochemical Reactions which could be energy dependent and involve the use of chemical energy provided by molecules of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). The Phenomenon of ‘Illumination’ in Biology requires the operation of three conditions; 1. The Source of Light or Lighting, 2. The Object that is Illuminated, and 3. The Observer who has the Sensory Perception called Vision, or the ability called Photoreception to acknowledge the phenomenon that is observed. Using the nature of photochemical reaction that is observed, living things can be broadly classified into two kinds; 1. Plants that respond to Light stimulus to trap its radiant Energy but have no Sensory Perception called Vision, and 2. Animals (man included) that have the Sensory Perception called Vision but do not have the ability to trap the Light Energy. For human existence, we need all those three conditions, 1. The Sun as the Source of Light, 2. The Plants that trap the radiant energy of Sunlight using their ability called Photoreception, and 3. The man or Purusha who uses the ability called Sensory Perception or Vision and interprets that Light is God.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - LIGHT OF LIGHTS - THE PHENOMENON OF ILLUMINATION : FOR MAN TO DESCRIBE HIS EXPERIENCE CALLED VISION, OR INNER VISION, APART FROM A SOURCE OF EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL LIGHT, NEEDS THE SUPPORT OF THE VITAL FUNCTION CALLED BREATHING(PRANA) THAT ESTABLISHES MAN AS A BREATHING LIVING THING(PRANI OR PRANAVANTA). — **The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025.** SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – LIGHT OF LIGHTS – THE PHENOMENON OF ILLUMINATION: FOR MAN TO DESCRIBE HIS EXPERIENCE CALLED VISION, OR INNER VISION, APART FROM A SOURCE OF EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL LIGHT, NEEDS THE SUPPORT OF THE VITAL FUNCTION CALLED BREATHING (PRANA) THAT ESTABLISHES MAN AS A BREATHING, LIVING THING (PRANI OR PRANAVANTA).

The above picture image of a verse from Brihadaranyak Upanishad 4:5:11 helps us to understand the nature of the vital function of Breathing and Respiration which is the physiological mechanism that man uses to oxidize food substances and derive energy which he further uses for his physical and mental work.

THE PHENOMENON OF ILLUMINATION: FOR MAN TO DESCRIBE HIS EXPERIENCE CALLED VISION, OR INNER VISION, APART FROM A SOURCE OF EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL LIGHT, NEEDS THE SUPPORT OF THE VITAL FUNCTION CALLED BREATHING (PRANA) THAT ESTABLISHES MAN AS A BREATHING, LIVING THING (PRANI, OR PRANAVANTA)

If Vedas and Holy Scriptures are seen as the Source of knowledge, the transmission of that Knowledge involves the use of Breathing. If “Knowing” is compared to the phenomenon of ‘Illumination’, the act of Knowing will only be possible if there is Unity between God, the Source of Knowledge, Knower, the Individual called Jeeva who performs all his living functions because of the Knowledge implanted in his substance that makes him a Sentient or Sensible thing, or establishes him as the “Knowing-Self.” The natural phenomenon of Life and Living can be defined as ‘Knowledge in Action’. In Indian tradition the “Self” or “Atman” is the source of Inner Light that illuminates the entire human body. I am suggesting that the Light called Self or Atman illuminates by making it possible for a man to maintain his connection with an external source of energy present in the environment even while the man may find perfect Identity with God through the process called Inner Vision, Introspection, Meditation, or Contemplative Prayers with an attitude of “Whole Detachment” with all things present in the external world. I like the presentation “Light of Lights” for it nicely explains the thoughts of Shankara. However, I have noticed that the author did not provide clarification, or explanation for the final sentence, “Tat Asmi PrabhO.” It simply describes the Unity (Asmi) between man (Tat or True Self or Atman) and Lord (Prabhu). The man’s ability of Sensory Perception called Vision, and the ability of Inner Vision are of secondary importance as Existence depends directly on the act of Breathing and the Lord provides Knowledge to perform that act of Breathing. The True Self or Atman illuminates me if it is connected to Lord or Prabhu, the Original Source of Light and Knowledge that connects Energy Seeker and its Energy Provider.

LIGHT OF LIGHTS

http://advaita-academy.org/blogs/sarvepalli.ashx#

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - LIGHT OF LIGHTS - THE PHENOMENON OF ILLUMINATION : THE DIVINE SONG CALLED THE BHAGAVAD GITA ILLUMINATED THE MIND OF PRINCE ARJUNA WITH KNOWLEDGE AND THE SOURCE OF ALL KNOWLEDGE. — **The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025.** SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – LIGHT OF LIGHTS – THE PHENOMENON OF ILLUMINATION: THE DIVINE SONG CALLED THE BHAGAVAD GITA ILLUMINATED THE MIND OF PRINCE ARJUNA WITH KNOWLEDGE AND THE SOURCE OF ALL KNOWLEDGE.

Light illumines manifold objects in varying degrees of darkness; that is its property. Sources of such light may be external or internal to us. Examples of the former class are well-known, such as Sun, moon, fire, various kinds of lamps etc; The latter class, the internal, would be the psychic apparatus of man, comprising the sense organs, intelligence, intuition and above all the transcendental ‘Oversoul’ of R W Emerson the American philosopher. Vedanta too subscribes to such a transcendental super-conscious entity, illumining all, comprehending all and all-encompassing supreme Brahman. Flashes of intuition reveal discoveries which remain obscure prior to such overpowering experiences. Archimedes, crying out ‘eureka – eureka’ and Newton, when the apple fell and the law of gravitation revealed are instances of such intuitions . A deeper mental cloud prevents one from knowing who one exactly is in the ultimate analysis.

There is, in Greek mythology, a river named ‘Lethe’ whose waters, when drunk, would make the drinker profoundly forgetful.. One would forget, who one was, the ‘whence and wherefore’ of one’s own very self. A great philosopher likened our human predicament, to such a state of congenital amnesia, in which we lost our moorings, our “original innocence” as it were. Nescience is the technical term used for this state of primordial ignorance, which is said to cover one’s wisdom, ‘like smoke shrouds the fire or as dust sullies a mirror or as the womb envelops an embryo’ as th bhagavadgiitaa puts it. This is the ultimate darkness which needs for its dispelling, no less a light than that of the ‘Lord’, quoted in the GITA chapterXI-12 ever so stunningly – “if the light of a thousand suns were to blaze forth in the sky all at once, that might resemble the splendour of that exalted Being” – nothing short of an ‘apocalypse’, as it were, a revelation, of something not previously known or realized. Oppenheimer, the nuclear physicist, whose name is associated with the first atom bomb and who was a witness to its detonation.was so awe-struck at the sight that this line of the gItA chapter XI-32 flamed in his mind ” I am the full-blown, the all-destroying Time “. It was an indubitable intimation from the depths of his being and not much later, his intuitive insight was proved right, by the nuclear holocaust, the mayhem and the destruction at Hiroshima and Nagasaki it was cataclysmic in proportion

To Sankara, that transcendental spiritual genius, is ascribed a one-stanza poem, by name, ‘ekashlokI’. In it, is encapsulated the pith, the quintessence of the celebrated “mahAvAkya’s or the four great Vedic statements, called as such in the Advaita Vedanta. They are culled one from each of the four Vedas those statements or rather ‘truths’ are

a) ” praGYAnam Brahma, (Rigveda) pristine consciousness is Brahman.

b) ayam aatmaa Brahma (Atharva veda) – consciousness in all its apparent transformations is Brahman,

c) “tat tvam asi” (Samaveda)- You are, in essence, that consciousness, the eternal nitya, the unsullied shuddha, the fully awakened buddha, and unfettered – mukta ; the corollary follows that you are not the ignorant embodied jiiva, which you imagine you are.

d) (“aham Brahma asmi ” (Yajurveda) I am indeed that all-encompassing consciousness

It is with considerable trepidation that I have dared to translate the ‘mahaavaakya’s for fear that they may suffer the ‘noble transmutation from gold to lead’, in the process.

The order in which they are recounted here is not the temporal order in which they occur in the veda but they seem, to me, to be the order adopted by Sankara in this small ‘upadesha’ work, namely, the ekashlokii ’ As will become clear in the sequel, what is attempted here is not a word-for-word translation of the Sanskrit texts, not even a paraphrase but rather an unfolding of the traditional thought couched in the highly compressed poem

Before reproducing the Sanskrit verse, a short anecdotal account of the poignant scenario in which it is set, would be well in order, One might be tempted to ask ‘why only one verse-an ‘ekashlokI? Had not Sankara composed his shatashlokI of hundred verses and his upadesha sAhasrI of thousand teachings ? After all, what were the extenuating circumstances? As though in answer to such questions, a story is recounted thus: Sankara, on one of his peregrinations, chanced upon a spiritual aspirant who was in the throes of death. bemoaning his fate of his having to die before he could get his ‘beatitude’. The compassionate master had empathy with the man’s plight and knowing well the shruti declaration that “he who departs from this world without realising the ‘axara‘, the Imperishable entity, is a veritable wretch a ‘kRRipaNa“, the master devised for him the shortest discourse and the ‘ekashlokI was the result. The verse was composed in a frisky meter named ‘shArdUla vikrIditam’ which has four quarters of 19 syllables each, to enable him to pack all the punch at his command, in a single stanza. This imaginative story illustrates the truth that, when an exceptional master and a pupil desperately thirsting for the ‘saving wisdom’ come together, spiritual enlightenment can not be far behind.

The poem runs as follows :-

**The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025.** SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – LIGHT OF LIGHTS – THE PHENOMENON OF ILLUMINATION: FOR MAN TO DESCRIBE HIS EXPERIENCE CALLED VISION, OR INNER VISION, APART FROM A SOURCE OF EXTERNAL OR INTERNAL LIGHT, NEEDS THE SUPPORT OF THE VITAL FUNCTION CALLED BREATHING (PRANA) THAT ESTABLISHES MAN AS A BREATHING, LIVING THING (PRANI OR PRANAVANTA).

kiMjyotistavabhAnumAnahanimeraatraupradiipAdikaM.

syAdevaMravidIpadarshanavidhaukiMjyotirAkhyaahi me.

cakShustasyanimiilanAdisamayekiMdhiirdhiyodarshane.

kiMtatrAhamatobhavAnparamakamjyotistadasmiprabho.

Unless the composition is split up at the right places, it would seem baffling at the first sight, to a beginner. The piece is in the form of a catechism or what in modern pedagogy would be called a ‘one on one’ interactive session. There are five question-answer pairs, one affirmation and one authoritative live-wire exhortation of the teacher and a final total concurrence, by the disciple, after his instant transformation. We shall now proceed with what may, euphemistically, be termed an exegesis of the verse. As will be seen in the sequel, what is attempted here is not a word-to-word rendering in to English, nor even a mere paraphrasing of the work; it is rather an attempt to enter to, and to bring out the traditional import of this Vedantic composition, to the extent my limited faculties permit. Much pertinent digression from the text has been indulged in, in the exposition.

The break up of the verse, is as follows :-

Q 1 :kim jyotih tava ? – what is your illuminator? By this question, the teacher is trying to ascertain a ‘baseline’, as it were, of the pupil’s understanding so as to lead him thence to higher levels. This was a well established methodology of spiritual instruction in the days of yore. It may be noted here that the question is a general one with no adjuncts of time or place specified. The student however thinks the question pertains to daytime and to things within his visual range.

A: bhhaanumaan ahani me – The daylight of the Sun sir. This answer establishes that the seeker has his vision riveted on the external objects – the out-going vision, the so-called ‘paraak pasyati’ concept of the KaThopaniShad.

Q 2 : raatrau ? what after Sun-down ? what illumines then ?

A: pradiipa aadikam– light of the various kinds of lamps which includes illumination from the moonlight, bonfires, lighted torches et cetera; it may be noted that the field being covered is still the outer world.

Affirmation : syaad evam. rightly so my dear; here the guru seems to be saying to himself “ Oh my! your answers are correct as far as they go; but they do not go very far. Here is the next question:

Q 3 Ravi diipa darshana vidhau kim jyotih ? Akhyaahi me – Now tell me what enables you to visualize the objects so illumined by the Sun, the lamps etc.Here the preceptor is shifting focus from the outer to the inner world of the mind. Even the sun, the lamps etc. stand in the relation of visible objects to the perceiving eye.

A: caxuH– “My eye, sir, is the perceiving light in this context” Now the student is made to understand the eye as the window to his inner cognitive apparatus – the mind.

Q4 : tasya nimiilana adi samaye ? If your eyes are shut, what then? The reasons for the shut-down may be many; one may choose to turn a blind eye like Nelson or to give a more noble example, one may actually be blind like Helen Keller. ‘ The word aadi’ in the Sanskrit original in the above question may include a legion instances The guru is taking the student in to deeper waters here, to turning his mind’s eye inward and enable him to watch the gyrations of his own mind

A: dhiiH, sir, it is my intellect that provides me the illumination necessary for my purposes, I can think thoughts that would navigate the scenes for me

Q 5: dhiyaH darshane (kim) ? you are right again my son! But thought is like a spring or a fountain. There must be some faculty to get to its mainspring, its source as it were. What ultimate light is it that stands as a ‘witness’ or ‘sAxI’ as it is technically termed, to your cognitive equipment?

A: ‘tatra aham ’ sir, Shorn of the baggage of all acquired accretions, appurtenances and appearances – in short, of all objective super-impositions I stand in all my majestic aloofness, and isolation (kaivalya). as ‘Myself’.

The great spiritual warrior in Sankara has finally drawn the bitterest foe of his pupil -‘the beginning-less spiritual ignorance’ to the edge of the precipice. with a view to pushing it over to its final annihilation. With a solemn and apocalyptic, coup de maître – a masterstroke, he is going to deliver the final push the student would be led to his beatitude meaning perfect blessedness or happiness. In devising this stepwise instruction Sankara has trodden the path of the ancient sages, established for ages. The famous dialogue between the sage YaaGYavalkya and Janaka the king in the BRRihadaaranyaka Upanishad chapter iv-3, the kaTha Upanishad III-10 as also the Bhavadgiitaa chapter III-42 have laid down the same rising hierarchical levels of consciousness viz – sense objects, sense organs, intelligence, intellect and the highest of all the PuruSha- the non plus ultra, higher than Which there can be nothing. To use the those very Sanskrit words pregnant with proven meaning – proven to mystic seers of all creeds and climes in their deepest visions down the millennia – saa kaashThaa, saa paraa gatiH. THAT is the summum bonum the last post

And what may that stupendous, staggering declaration be ? Let us see that in the next line:-

THE FINAL PUSH : ataH bhavaan paramakam jyotiH Therefore my child, you are verily that Light of lights, which the Vedanta asserts in stentorian voice and peremptory tone- tat tvam asi – That Thou Art. It is not the denoted dictionary meanings of the words of the scriptural testimony that will bring the peace that passes understanding but the inner experience of the truth which is transforming in nature.

The finish : tat asmi prabho !!! Oh my master I am indeed that Light of Lights because I have just experienced that ecstatic mystic state, by your bounteous grace. It is another matter that the experience of that state can communicated in words only after descending somewhat from those Olympian heights. But at all events he has been raised to that dizzy altitude of sage-hood, the memory of which shall stamp its hallmark on every thought word and deed ever-after.

Whole Dude at Whole Foods Discovers the Whole Truth

Whole Doctrine-Whole Existence-Whole Truth

Whole Dude at Whole Foods: Yes indeed, Life is Complicated. The complexities of Life begin with our own selves. The universe is vast and man’s role in it is insignificant. Man’s great need is not only to know the world around him but also know himself better. Man has to know the Truth about himself.

Yes indeed, Life is Complicated. The complexities of Life begin with our own selves. The universe is vast and man’s role in it is insignificant. Man’s great need is not only to know the world around him but also know himself better. Man has to know the Truth about himself.

What is Truth? Who am I? I am Consciousness:

The term Truth suggests confirmity with facts, experience, or with Reality, either as an idealized abstraction or in actual application to statements, ideas, acts, etc., Truth signifies an established or verified fact, or principle. Truth is related to the validity of what we mean. Plato defined the nature of Truth as correspondence between thought and reality. Dr. William Jones in his book, ‘The Principles of Psychology’ states : “True ideas are those we can assimilate, validate, corroborate, and verify.” The universe is vast and man’s role in it is insignificant. Man’s great need is not only to know the world around him but also know himself better. Man has to know the Truth about himself.

The Three Dimensions of Truth:

1. Truth is correspondence between a statement and the reality of external world.

2. Truth is correspondence between the observer and the reality of the observed fact. Here, we need to recognize the method used for the observation such as intuition, sense experience, or revelation.

3. Truth is correspondence between man and his true nature.

Lord Jesus Christ – Truth as Revelation:

The Rudi Connection at Whole Foods Verifies the Proposition, I am Consciousness. The Truth of Jesus, John, Chapter 20, verse 29: Jesus said to him (Thomas), “Have you come to believe because you have seen me? Blessed are those who have not seen and have believed.” Truth-Is it a matter of sight or sense experience, or is it a matter of faith and belief?

**The Rudi Connection at Whole Foods Verifies the Proposition, I am Consciousness: THE ROMAN GOVERNOR PILATE ASKED JESUS, “WHAT IS TRUTH? “**

The Truth about Lord Jesus Christ comes to a very critical scrutiny while he got arrested and stood before Pilate, the Roman Governor. The Book of John, Chapter 18, verses 37 and 38 record the conversation between Jesus and Pilate: So Pilate said to him, “Then you are a King?” Jesus answered, “You say I am a King. For this I was born, and for this I came into the world, to testify to the truth. Everyone who belongs to the truth listens to my voice.” “What is truth?” Pilate asked. Jesus did not answer the question as the truth must have correspondence with a reality in the external world. The truth of Jesus is about the establishment of Kingdom of Heaven upon Earth. It was a prophetic truth and the truth would be evident only when the Prophecy comes true.

Lord Gautama Buddha – Truth as Experience:

LORD GAUTAMA BUDDHA HAD OBSERVED THAT WHATEVER IS BORN, PRODUCED, OR CONDITIONED CONTAINS WITHIN ITSELF THE NATURE OF ITS OWN DISSOLUTION. LIFE IS CONDITIONED TO EXPERIENCE CHANGE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TIME AND LIVING THINGS ARE BORN TO EXPERIENCE DISSOLUTION AT THE END OF THEIR LIFETIME.

Lord Gautama Buddha known as Siddhartha (He who will accomplish), c. 563 B.C to c. 483 B.C., left the palace at the age of 29 leaving behind his young wife and infant son. After six years of ascetic life, while meditating under a Pipal tree (later called BODHI or Enlightenment Tree), he became Supreme Buddha (c. 528 B.C.) at the age of 35. He preached his first sermon at Sarnath. He outlined his Doctrine of Four Noble Truths and the First Noble Truth is that of suffering, the experience of pain and sorrow called DUKHA is implicit in human existence. Buddha’s truth relates to man’s experience of the nature of his existence in the world. I maintain that man exists at any stage of his existence, at any given age, under any given circumstance, in either good health or ill health, in pain and suffering or that of joy and happiness due to the operation of a Fundamental Force/Power/Energy that delivers Mercy/Grace/Compassion. If suffering describes one face of the coin called human existence, Compassion describes the second face of the same coin. Compassion is implicit in human existence and the existence of all living things.

Lord Rama – Truth in Action:

The Rudi Connection at Whole Foods Verifies the Proposition, I am Consciousness. “WHO AM I? WHY I AM LIKE THIS?” were the questions asked by Lord Rama and these are the questions that we need to ask ourselves to know the Truth about Self.

In an epic poem known as Ramayana, Indian poet Valmiki describes Lord Rama’s life journey. Rama spent 14 years in the forest to help fulfilment of the word or promise made by his father. In the final Chapter, Book Six, Yuddha Kanda, Chapter (Sarga) 117, verse 11, He asks the following question:

“aatmaanaM maanuShaM manye RaamaM Dasharathaatmajam;

so aHaM yasya yatashchaahaM bhagavaMstadbraviitu me.”

“I think of myself to be a human being, by name Rama, the son of Dasaratha. You, as a gracious Divintiy tell me who I am and why I am like this?”

In the story of Ramayana, the Creator Lord Brahma responds to the questions asked by Lord Rama. These are the questions that we need to ask ourselves. To know Truth about Self, the man must begin his inquiry with the question of WHO AM I?

The Inquiry about Self – Who am I?

The Rudi Connection at Whole Foods Verifies the Proposition, I am Consciousness. Socrates before taking poison that would end his life states, “The unexamined life is not worth living.” “Know thyself” is a virtue and to defend that virtue, Socrates makes no attempt to save his life.

The tradition of knowing oneself is a longer tradition than any other Science. This is a study in which the Knower and the Known are one. The object of scientific inquiry is the nature of the scientist.

How to Discover the Truth about Self?

**The Rudi Connection at Whole Foods Verifies the Proposition, I am Consciousness. Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud: “No knowledge can be obtained from revelation, intuition, or inspiration.”**

Religion, Philosophy, and Science may represent three distinct fields of learning about Truth and Reality. Each tries to answer fundamental questions about human life. All three differ from each other in the selection of method and subject matter. Auguste Comte, the 19th century French philosopher, the founder of Sociology describes Positive Science as the study of natural, mental, and social phenomena by empirical methods. In his view, Philosophy is mere speculation and Religion is superstition or irrational belief. Speculation represents a futile attempt to go behind the phenomena in order to discover ultimate causes or substances and such speculative methods may result in guess work or conjecture and not in knowledge. Philosophy may use Logic and system and yet its conclusions may lack the validity or objectivity of Science.The philosophical inquiry does not involve investigation by experiment. Science not only provides the knowledge that something is true, but also the reasons why it is true.

The famous Austrian psychoanalyst Sigmund Freud categorically claims that no knowledge can be obtained from revelation, intuition, or inspiration.

There is a tendency in modern times to reject the methods used by Religion and Philosophy. Philosophy may use intuitive generalization or induction from ordinary sense experience. The scientific method involves induction from an inference from experiments which involve testing and verifying a hypothesis. The observations of scientist go beyond the experiences which ordinary men have in the course of daily life. The instruments that are invented and used by scientists have immense abilities to collect numerous kinds of empirical data with precision, accuracy, and consistency. However, it may not be easy to conclude that Science alone can arrive at correspondence with Truth and Reality. Could we extend scientific methodology of investigation to every field of Inquiry? Could we obtain clarity and certainity in all matters using scientific methods? Could Science be the only avenue to Truth? Could we find Truth and Reality as an external experience? Could man use scientific information to experience Truth and Reality?

The Rudi Connection at Whole Foods Verifies the Proposition, I am Consciousness. Sir Issac Newton demonstrated the properties of Light rays using experimets. Science explains the above optical illusion. Could Science remove the optical illusion and give man a chance to experience the reality of this Pencil. The Reality of this Pencil would be known only when the Pencil is removed from water. When the Pencil is in Water, the man has no choice other than that of perceiving the illusion for man has no ability to change the properties of Light rays.

When a object exists in a conditioned state, like this Pencil in Water, Science may explain the illusion generated. Science and scientific information may not provide the direct experience of Truth and Reality.

**The Rudi Connection at Whole Foods Verifies the Proposition, I am Consciousness. Could Science provide the direct sensory experience of the truth and reality of man’s speed?**

Man is the observer, and the reality or truth of Earth’s Angular Speed, or Linear Speed is not an observed fact obtained by direct human sense experience. Scientific information can not provide the experience that could be generated by the truth and reality of Earth’s Motion.

The Purpose of Science: The Knowledge about Self:

The Rudi Connection at Whole Foods Verifies the Proposition, I am Consciousness. The purpose of Science is to describe observation and experience and provide accepted body of information and arrange it into a meaningful pattern to explain truth and reality.

The purpose of Science is to describe and codify observation and experiences. Natural Sciences such as Physical Sciences, Biological Sciences, and Medical Sciences provide accepted body of information about the world and human body. We need to arrange this information into a meaningful pattern and interpret it to describe the Reality or Truth about man. We need to apply a reasoning process which involves analysis of basic concepts to determine their consistency. Something could be said to be true if, and only if it could be verified by logical or scientific procedures. We need to use a reasoning process, a philosophical analysis to clarify statements, to verify or refute a theoretical claim by demonstrating relation between the theoretical claim and the observational evidence.

The Self and the Knowing-Self:

I divide man into two categories; 1. The Self : it represents the man as a physical, mental, and social being. The Self represents the thinking person or the person having thoughts, and feelings. 2. The Knowing Self : it represents man as a moral, and spiritual being. The Knowing Self is aware or Conscious of the thoughts and feelings of The Self.

Thinking vs Consciousness:

The Rudi Connection at Whole Foods Verifies the Proposition, I am Consciousness. Dr Florian Mormann & Dr Christof Koch define the Neural Correlates of Consciousness as the minimal neuronal mechanism jointly sufficient for any one specific Conscious percept. This definition basically makes no distinction between Thinking and Consciousness. The NCC definition is not based on correct understanding of the function known as Consciousness. It fails to speak about the role of Reticular Formation, and Brain Stem Nuclei that have the Capacity of Consciousness. The Capacity of Consciousness is an essential precondition of the Content of Consciousness. The Reticular Formation filters incoming stimuli to discriminate irrelevant background stimuli and composes the Content of Consciousness before relaying the information to the Cerebral hemispheres to cause Cortical awareness.

The Self may think about the nature of consciousness, but Thinking and Consciousness are two distinct functions. Thinking and Consciousness are not one and the same. Consciousness functions to provide Awareness and it is not involved in mental activities such as Thinking. The Reticular Formation of the Brain Stem supports functions such as AROUSAL and it maintains wakefulness, alertness, and sleep. In the absence of this Brain Stem function, the Individual is not capable of generating thoughts, and feelings and would not be aware of what goes on inside the Individual, and what goes on outside the Individual.

**The Rudi Connection at Whole Foods Verifies the Proposition, I am Consciousness. In Clinical Medicine, the medical practitioner evaluates the Level of Arousal or Alertness of his patient.**

The Individual: Identity and Individuality – The Two-Sides of the Same Coin:

The Rudi Connection at Whole Foods Verifies the Proposition, I am Consciousness. The Self has two aspects- External Reality describes the Identity of the Individual; Internal Reality establishes the Individuality of the Individual.

If man is viewed as a living thing, the thing is made of Matter and Form. The Form establishes the morphological appearance in the external world. The Matter establishes the Individuality of the Individual. The external appearance or Phenotype of man undergoes constant change and is not the same at all times. The Individuality is related to the Genotype which remains constant while man goes through various stages of his existence from conception to old age.

As per The Law of Individuality and Creation, man is a created being who always exist as an Individual with Individuality and man has no choice other than that of existing as an Individual. The Truth about Self is not about the Identity of the Individual in terms of his anthropometric measurements, biometric information, name, gender, race, ethnicity, language, religion, nationality, education, social occupation, social status or social ranking, and affiliations. This external reality has a degree of correspondence in the external world as it is often confirmed and is recognized by others who can observe the Individual. But this knowledge is subject to change and the information it provides is not experienced in a constant, and objective manner. The Truth about Self is the Truth about the human organism which is multicellular. We need to know as to who or what is the subject who lives because of the functions of the trillions of cells that comprise the human organism.

Who am I? “I am Consciousness.”

The Rudi Connection at Whole Foods Verifies the Proposition, I am Consciousness. WHO AM I? This question must be answered by applying a reasoning process to Inferential Knowledge about Cell Structure (ANATOMY) and Cell Functions (PHYSIOLOGY). Life is defined as “Knowledge in Action.”

All living organisms use similar building units called cells. Basically, the cell has a membrane, a nucleus, and a living substance known as Protoplasm. The nucleus has nucleic acids like DNA/RNA which have no independent existence of their own. The genome functions when it is associated with Protoplasm which has the exclusive ability to obtain energy (food) from its environment. Consciousness is a natural principle that describes the condition of an Individual; the condition of knowing, awareness, or recognizing the fact, the state, and the act of biological existence in a given environment. The term environment refers to all the conditions, circumstances, and influences surrounding, and affecting the existence of a given Individual, or a group of Individuals. Who is this Individual who has the ability to know and be aware of its external, and internal environment? The Individual is a living organism and the organism could be unicellular or multicellular. The most fundamental aspect of Consciousness as a living function that establishes biological existence is that of acquiring energy from environment. The living cell is a thermodynamically unstable system. This means that without continuous input of energy, a cell will degrade spontaneously into a non living collection of molecules.

“I am Consciousness.” – The Verification of the Proposition:

The proposition that “I am Consciousness” could be subjected to a reasoning process in two manners: 1. The Coherence Theory of Truth, and 2. The Correspondence Theory of Truth.

1. “I am Consciousness” – The Coherence Theory of Truth: The standard of Truth is the logical consistency of a proposition with a large system of propositions. “I am Consciousness” is the proposition. The propositions to support my proposition are:

a. Consciousness is a mental experience.

b. Consciousness is a sense experience.

c. Consciousness is a physical or body experience.

d. Consciousness is a social experience.

e. Consciousness is a moral experience.

f. Consciousness is a spiritual experience.

g. Consciousness is a cellular experience.

The Subject “I am” of the proposition could be defined as a physical, mental, social, moral, and spiritual being based upon the contents of the ‘Total Consciousness’ experience of that Individual.

2. “I am Consciousness” – The Correspondence Theory of Truth: Truth is viewed as a relation between an idea or proposition and its object. “I am Consciousness” is the proposition. The Subject known as “I am” is related to an idea or object described as “Consciousness.” We need to verify the Truth or Reality of a relation between the Subject and its Object. The Subject is the whole or entire human organism comprising of trillions of individual cells which function as organs and tissues of the body. The Subject “I am” can not be defined merely as a single individual, or as a specific organ like brain or mind. The body organ called brain has no independent existence of its own. Brain and its cells (neurons, axons, and connective tissue) need energy to sustain their metabolic activities. The functional relationship between the Subject and the Object operates and involves the activity of the entire organism and is not limited to the activities of brain or mind. The purpose of Consciousness at cellular level is to foster functional unity of the multicellular organism and establish it as an Individual. A living thing maintains it Individuality while being a member of a given social group. The process by which a living cell acquires energy to perform its living functions is called ‘NUTRITION’. Consciousness is the awareness of energy dependent existence in a given environment and it is the characteristic of all living cells irrespective of their differentiation, functional subordination, and identification as the constituent parts of specific organs, tissues, and organ systems. The idea or Object called “Consciousness” is fundamentally related to the Subject called “I am” both at the level of the entire organism and at the level of individual cells.

Human Knowledge and the Knowledge of Self:

The Rudi Connection at Whole Foods Verifies the Proposition, I am Consciousness. WHO AM I? Lord Krishna describes Himself in The Bhagavad Gita, Chapter X, The Opulence of the Absolute, verse 22: “Of the Vedas, I am the Sama Veda; of the demigods, I am Indra; of the senses, I am the Mind; and in Living Beings, I AM CONSCIOUSNESS.”

Human Knowledge is of two kinds; 1. Acquired Knowledge that is dependent upon sense experience, and reason, and 2. Innate or Intuitive Knowledge, the genetic information, the biological information that all living cells and organisms use to perform living functions and to exhibit biological behavior and instincts. The Knowledge of Self, or Self-Knowledge begins with the implantation of Consciousness in Matter and not as Sense Experience, and not on account of rational thinking with application of reason.

**The Rudi Connection at Whole Foods verifies the Proposition, I am Consciousness.**

Rudolf Virchow is reborn to describe the spiritual connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider

Griffin James Quinoa Challenge Award at Whole Foods Market Inc., Ann Arbor promotes the idea of improving Product Knowledge. Currently, there are no laws to include Nutrition Information about Dietary Polyamine Content of Food Products sold by Retail Food Industry.

Whole Dude acknowledges his German heritage at Whole Foods when he discovered the spiritual connection between Whole Foods, Whole People, and Whole Plane.

**Rudolf is Reborn as Rudi to describe the Spiritual Connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider. Photograph, 1893. Rudolf Virchow (1821-1902).**

Whole Foods, Whole People, and Whole Planet are connected by a material substance called Protoplasm or Cytoplasm, a divine plan to provide nourishment to Life.

Whole Dude at Whole Foods, Ann Arbor describes his Whole Doctrine as the concept of Whole Spirituality, the three dimensional spiritual relationship between the multicellular human organism, food, and the Divine Providence.

**Rudolf is reborn as Rudi to describe the Spiritual Connection between Cell and its Energy Provider. The 3-Dimensional Spiritual Relationship between Man, Food, and God.**

Spiritualism – The Cell Theory of Spirituality:

**Rudolf is Reborn as Rudi to describe the Spiritual Connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider. The Discovery of Whole Spirituality at Whole Foods, Ann Arbor.**

Rudolf is Reborn as Rudi to describe the Spiritual Connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider. Robert Hooke, british curator of instruments at The Royal Society of London coined the term cell during 1665.

Rudolf is Reborn as Rudi to describe the Spiritual Connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider. Dutch microscopist Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek (1668-80) studied capillary circulation and observed Red Blood Cells.

Improvements in microscopy during early 19th century permitted closer observation and the significance of cells had received better understanding. Matthias Jakob Schleiden (1838), German botanist, Theodor Schwann (1839), German physiologist, and Rudolf Virchow (1855), German pathologist, and others made important contributions to the Cell Theory that describes cell as the building block of all Life.

Rudolf is Reborn as Rudi to describe the Spiritual Connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider. Schleiden, Professor of Botany, The University of Jena studied plant structure under the microscope, published “Contibutions to Phytogenesis” (1838). He had also published the two-volume text of ‘Principles of Scientific Botany’.

**Rudolf is Reborn as Rudi to describe the Spiritual Connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider.** Schwann founder of modern Histology extended the Cell Theory of Plants to animals in his ‘Microscopic Researches into Accordance in the Structure and Growth of Animals and Plants (1839).

Rudolf is Reborn as Rudi to describe the Spiritual Connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider. Schwann discovered Myelin Sheath covering peripheral axons, now termed Schwann Cells. He coined the term ‘Metabolism’ for the chemical changes that take place in living tissues.

Rudolf is Reborn as Rudi to describe the Spiritual Connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider. Rudolf Virchow, German pathologist in 1855 coined the biological dictum “OMNIS CELLULA E CELLULA” – All living cells arise only from pre-existing living cells.

1. All living things are made up of cells. Cell is the most elementary or basic unit of Life.

2. Cell is a fundamental unit of structure, function, and organization in all living things including plants and animals.

3. Cells only rise from division of previously existing cells.

5. The cells exhibit functional autonomy. The activity of an organism depends on the total activity of ‘INDEPENDENT’ cells.

6. Energy flow (metabolism and biochemistry) occurs within cells.

7. Cells contain hereditary, biological information (DNA) which is passed from cell to cell during cell division.

**Rudolf is Reborn as Rudi to describe the Spiritual Connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider.**

The Cell Theory of Spirituality:

Rudolph Virchow (1821-1902). The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods.

Rudolf is Reborn as Rudi to describe the Spiritual Connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider. Human Ovum Structure – The Cell Theory of Spirituality is based upon the Substance, Structure, Form, Organization, Function, Action and Interactions of this Single Fertilized Egg Cell that eventually develops into a complete human organism.

Protoplasm – The Ground Substance of Spiritualism and Spirituality:

Rudolf is Reborn as Rudi to describe the Spiritual Connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider. Jan Evangelista Purkyne (Czech name), Jan Evangelista Purkinje (German name)also known as Johannes Evangelist Purkinje, b. December 17, 1787, d. July 28, 1869. The pioneer Czech experimental Physiologist whose investigations in the fields of Histology, Embryology,and Pharmacology helped create a modern understanding of the eye and vision, brain and heart function, mammalian reproduction, and the composition of cells.

Rudolf is Reborn as Rudi to describe the Spiritual Connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider. Hugo Von Mohl, b. April 08, 1805, d. April 01, 1872, German Botanist noted for his research on the anatomy and physiology of plant cells.

Rudolf is Reborn as Rudi to describe the Spiritual Connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider. The Ground Substance of Spiritualism and Spirituality. The vital characteristics, the animating principles of Protoplasm could be known by observing Amoeba proteus. The Living Substance works as an organ of Motion or Movement, as an organ of Nutrition, and as an organ of Reproduction to generate new cells which have a life span of their own. In these physiological functions, I describe the characteristics such as Cognition, Consciousness, Memory, and Intelligence which have a Spiritual role as they bring functional unity and harmony in the interactions between different parts of the same individual organism while it exists in an environment as a member of a biological community.

**The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. God created Cytoplasm or Protoplasm as the Ground Substance of Spirituality.**

It exhibits properties such as Protoplasmic Streaming or Cytoplasmic Streaming or Motion that is called “Amoeboid Movement.” It has the intrinsic power to change its shape and position.

Rudolf is Reborn as Rudi to describe the Spiritual Connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider. The importance of Protoplasmic or Cytoplasmic Streaming is displayed in the transportation of Neuropeptides from the sites of their Synthesis to the sites of their action at the axon terminal of the Nerve Cells.

Protoplasm has the power of Nutrition by which it can attract and obtain the materials necessary for its growth and maintenance from surrounding matter/environment.

The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. God created Cytoplasm or Protoplasm as the Ground Substance of Spirituality. Cellular respiration is a set of metabolic reactions and processes that take place in the cells of organisms to convert biochemical energy from nutrients into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and then release waste products.

The Inheritance of Cytoplasmic Membrane or Cell or Plasma Membrane:

The Rudolf-Rudi Connection at Whole Foods. God created Cytoplasm or Protoplasm as the Ground Substance of Spirituality. Cytoplasmic Membrane or Cell Membrane is an integral feature of Cytoplasm, a limiting membrane devised by Cytoplasm to create boundaries to perform its numerous living functions.

The Functions of Cytoplasmic Membrane or Cell Membrane or Biological Membrane:

1. Protection: It protects the cell from its surroundings or extracellular environment. Plant cell possess wall over the plasma membrane for extra protection and support.

2. Holding cell contents: Plasma membranes hold the semi fluid protoplasmic contents of the cell intact; thus keeping the individuality of the cell.

3. Selective Permeability: Cell membrane allows only selected or specific substances to enter into the cell and are impermeable to others.

Gases like O₂ and CO₂ can diffuse rapidly in solution through membranes.
Small compounds like H2O and methane can easily pass through where as sugars, amino acids and charged ions are transported with the help of transport proteins.
The size of the molecules which can pass through the plasma membrane is 1-15 A⁰. This property is responsible for keeping a cell ‘as a cell’, an individual unit.

8. Antigens: Cell membranes possess antigens which determine blood grouping, immune response, acceptance or rejection of a transplant (graft rejection by MHC’s on plasma membrane).

10. Sheaths of cilia and flagella: Cilia and flagella are projections from the cell; made up of microtubules which are covered by an extension of the plasma membrane.

12. Endocytosis and Exocytosis: Bulk intake of materials or endocytosis occurs through development of membrane vesicles or invagination and engulfing by plasma membrane.

Exocytosis: It is reverse of endocytosis that provides for releasing waste products and secretory materials ot of the cells with the help of plasma membrane.

13. Impulse transmission in neurons: The transmission of a nerve impulse along a neuron from one end to the other occurs as a result of electrical changes across the plasma membrane of the neuron

14. Cell metabolism: Cell membranes control cell metabolism through selective permeability and retentivity of substances in a cell.

15. Electron transport chain in bacteria: In bacteria; Electron transport chain is located in cell membrane.

The Spirituality of Substance, Function, Organization, Action, and Interactions:

To establish the biological existence of the human organism, I add the concept of Spiritualism and Spirituality to the Cell Theory.

The Single Fertilized Egg Cell has ground substance that is of Spiritual nature and the Spiritualism and Spirituality consists of the following functional, and organizational characteristics:

1. The Cell is Conscious of its own existence and knows its internal condition and knows it external environment.

3. The Cell has the ability to show characteristics such as mutual cooperation, mutual tolerance, and display functional subordination and subservience while being independent.

The Rudolf and Rudi Connection. The Discovery of Whole Spirituality at Whole Foods, Ann Arbor. The Bone Marrow smear from a patient of Leukemia or Blood Cancer helps to illustrate the nature of Biotic Interactions in the Social Group or Biotic Community that represents the singularity called man. The true or real man can only be discovered by the microscopic study of the Cells that constitute the Organism.

Simon Cyrene

Whole Foods, Whole People, and Whole Planet come together in a Wholesome Relationship as God is the Energy Provider, the Original Source of Matter and Energy for Life.

The Functional Anatomy of Atman-Soul-The Knowing-Self:

**Rudolf is Reborn as Rudi to describe the Spiritual Connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider.** **I am Consciousness because my Consciousness is defended from the direct sensory experience of the truth or the reality of Man’s Speed.**

The Indian tradition refers to the Mandukya Upanishad, verse 7 to describe the Fourth State, or Fourth Condition, or Fourth Quarter of Consciousness named Turiya. In the interpretation made by Shankara, the founder of the Advaita (Nondualism or Monism) Turiya is Atman or the Soul.

In my analysis, the Fourth Quarter of Consciousness is the Seat of Consciousness where the Contents of the Consciousness are assembled or Composed to account for the Capacity of Consciousness. While the Indian Tradition describes the Fourth Quarter as ATMAN (the True or Real Self), I name it as The Knowing-Self to make the distinction between the Self (Body and Mind) and the Soul. In making the distinction between the Self (Body and Mind) and the Atman or the Soul, I follow the argument proposed by Shankara in his poem the Nirvana Shatakam or Atma Shatakam.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE: THE KNOWER-THE KNOWING-SELF: IN THIS IMAGE OF HUMAN BRAIN, THE GREEN PORTION OF BRAINSTEM IS CALLED RETICULAR FORMATION. I AM PROPOSING TO CALL IT AS THE KNOWING-SELF AND IT IS THE “KNOWER” OF THE HUMAN BODY WHICH CONSTANTLY CHANGES ITS MORPHOLOGICAL APPEARANCE UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF TIME CALLED THE AGING PROCESS.

To further describe the Soul, The Knowing-Self, or ATMAN, I will ask my readers to explore the Functional Anatomy of Reticular Formation of the Brainstem. In my view, the ATMAN/SOUL/THE KNOWING-SELF is the substratum associated with the Functional Capacity of Consciousness. Indian thinkers like Shankara and various others account for the information processed by the cerebral cortex of the brain or the cortical awareness as consciousness and are ignorant of the functional anatomy of the Reticular Formation of the Brainstem where the contents of consciousness are actually assembled or composed.

Dhyana or Meditation In Hindu Tradition — **Bharat Darshan-The Functional Anatomy of Atman-the Soul-The Knowing-Self**

For example, the human subject who recognizes the fourth quarter or Turiya is always cognizant of the position of his body in space to maintain the postural orientation, postural balance, postural equilibrium, and postural control associated with various dynamic and static activities such as sitting, standing, or running. The man involved in the practices of YOGA such as Dhyana, Meditation, and Samadhi has to still maintain his Asana or Bodily Posture.

Mandukya Upanishad: Translation by Jayaram V

The Mandukya Upanishad belongs to the Atharvaveda. Although it contains only 12 verses, the Mandukya Upanishad occupies an important place in the development of Indian philosophical thought, following a commentary or Karika on it by Gaudapada, who is believed to be a teacher of Adi Shankaracharya.

Gaudapada Karika on the Upanishad became the basis for the emergence of the Advaita Vedanta or the philosophy of monism, according to which Brahman alone is the truth and the rest is an illusion. The Upanishad deals with the symbolic significance of the sacred syllable Aum and its correlation with the four states of consciousness, namely the wakeful consciousness, dream state, the state of deep sleep or dreamless sleep and the state of transcendental consciousness in which all divisions and duality disappear and the self alone exists in its pure state, all by itself.

1. This syllable AUM is verily all this
This is the explanation about AUM:
The past, the present and the future are AUM,
And That beyond these three is also AUM.

2. Brahman is indeed all this.
This self in us is also Brahman.
And this self has four planes.

3. Vaisvanara is the first stage.
Wakeful, outwardly conscious,
With seven limbs and nineteen mouths,
He is the enjoyer of the gross objects.

4. Taijasa is the second stage.
Dreaming, inwardly conscious,
With seven limbs and nineteen mouths,
He is the enjoyer of the subtle objects.

5. In deep sleep, seeking no desires,
Dreaming no dreams, unified into
The mass of greater consciousness,
Full of bliss, enjoying bliss only,
Face turned towards Chetasa,
Is Prajna the third stage.

6. This is the Master of All, the Omniscient,
The Inmost Dweller and source of
Creation and destruction of all beings.

7. Conscious, not internally not externally,
Nor either ways, neither ordinary consciousness,
Nor the greater and the deeper consciousness,
Invisible, otherworldly, incomprehensible,
Without qualities, beyond all thoughts,
Indescribable, the unified soul in essence,
Peaceful, auspicious, without duality,
Is the fourth stage, that self, that is to be known.

8. The same Atman is AUM among the syllables,
Each syllable in the word AUM is a stage. They
Are the letter A, the letter U and the letter M.

9. The wakeful Vaishwanara is the
First letter “A”, being the first letter and
All pervasive. He who knows thus realizes
All his desires and becomes foremost too.

10. The dreaming Taijasa is the second
Letter “U”, being superior and situated in
The middle. He who knows thus attains
Knowledge and children equally and none
In his family would be ignorant of Brahman

11. In the world of deep sleep, Prajna, is the
Third letter “M”, being the limit and the end of
All diversity. He who knows thus is free from
All diversity and becomes one with the Self.

12. The fourth state is without parts and entanglements
Not bound to this world, It is auspicious and non-dual
Thus the form of AUM is verily the Self itself
He who knows thus enters into his own Self by himself.

**Bharat Darshan-The Functional Anatomy of Atman-The Knowing-Self**

Mandukya Upanishad, seventh verse:

नान्तःप्रज्ञं न बहिःप्रज्ञं नोभयतःप्रज्ञं न प्रज्ञानघनं न प्रज्ञं नाप्रज्ञम् | अदृश्यमव्यवहार्यमग्राह्यमलक्षणमचिन्त्यमव्यपदेश्यमेकात्मप्रत्ययसारं प्रपञ्चोपशमं शान्तं शिवमद्वैतं चतुर्थं मन्यन्ते स आत्मा स विज्ञेयः || 7 ||

nāntaḥprajñaṃ na bahiḥprajñaṃ nobhayataḥprajñaṃ na prajñānaghanaṃ na prajñaṃ nāprajñam | adṛśyamavyavahāryamagrāhyamalakṣaṇamacintyamavyapadeśyamekātmapratyayasāraṃ prapañcopaśamaṃ śāntaṃ śivamadvaitaṃ caturthaṃ manyante sa ātmā sa vijñeyaḥ || 7 ||

7. Turīya is not that which is conscious of the internal (subjective) world, nor that which is conscious of the external (objective) world, nor that which is conscious of both, nor that which is a mass all sentiency, nor that which is simple consciousness, nor that which is insentient. (It is) unseen (by any sense organ), not related to anything, incomprehensible (by the mind), uninferable, unthinkable, indescribable, essentially of the nature of Consciousness constituting the Self alone, negation of all phenomena, the Peaceful, all Bliss and the Non-dual. This is what is known as the fourth (Turīya). This is the Ātman and it has to be realised.

(‘Consciousness’ as the nearest English word is used.)

Shankara Bhashya (commentary)

(Objection)—The object was to describe Ātman as having four quarters. By the very descriptions of the three quarters, the fourth is established as being other than the three characterised by the “conscious of the subjective”, etc. Therefore the negation (of attributes relating to the three quarters) for the purpose of indicating Turīya implied in the statement, “Turīya is that which is not conscious of the subjective”, etc., is futile.

(Reply)—No. As the nature of the rope is¹ realised by the negation of the (illusory) appearances of the snake, etc., so also it is intended to establish the very Self, which subsists in the three states, as Turīya. This²is done in the same way as (the great Vedic statement) “Thou art that”. If Turīya were, in fact, anything different³ from Ātman subsisting in the three states, then, the teachings of the Scriptures would have no meaning on⁴ account of the absence of any instrument of knowledge (regarding Turīya). Or the other (inevitable alternative would be to declare absolute nihilism ( śūnya) to be the ultimate Truth. Like the (same) rope mistaken as snake, garland, etc., when the same Ātman is mistaken as Antaḥprajña (conscious of the subjective) etc., in the three states associated with different characteristics, the knowledge, resulting from the negation of such attributes as the conscious of the subjective, etc., is the means of establishing the absolute absence of the unreal phenomena of the world (imagined) in Ātman. As a matter of fact, the two⁵ results, namely, the negation of (superimposed) attributes and the disappearance of the unreal phenomena happen at the same time. Therefore no additional⁶ instrument of knowledge or no other⁷ effort is to be made or sought after for the realisation of Turīya. With the cessation of the idea of the snake, etc., in the rope, the real nature of the rope becomes revealed and this happens simultaneously with the knowledge of the distinction between the rope and the snake. But those who say that the knowledge, in addition to the removal of the darkness (that envelopes the jar), enables⁸ one to know the jar, may as well affirm⁹ that the act of cutting (a tree), in addition to its undoing the relation of the members of the body intended to be cut, also functions (in other ways) in other parts of the body. As the act of cutting intended to divide the tree into two is said to be complete with the severance of the parts (of the tree) so also the knowledge employed to perceive the jar covered by the darkness (that envelopes it) attains its purpose when it results in removing the darkness, though that is not the object intended to be produced. In such case the knowledge of the jar, which is invariably¹⁰connected with the removal of the darkness, is not the result accomplished by the instrument of knowledge. Likewise, the knowledge, which is (here) the same as that which results from the negation of predicates, directed towards the discrimination of such attributes as “the conscious of the subjective” etc., superimposed upon Ātman, cannot¹¹ function with regard to Turīya in addition to its act of negating of such attributes as “the conscious of the subjective” which is not the object intended to be produced. For, with the negation of the attributes such as “conscious of the subjective,” etc., is¹² accomplished simultaneously the cessation of the distinction between the knower, the known and the knowledge. Thus it will be said later on, “Duality cannot exist when Gnosis, the highest Truth (non-duality), is realised.” The knowledge of duality cannot exist even for a moment immediately after the moment of the cessation of duality. If it should remain, there would^13;follow what is known as regressus ad infinitum; and consequently duality will never cease. Therefore it is established that the cessation of such unreal attributes as “conscious of the subjective” etc., superimposed upon Ātman is¹⁴ simultaneous with the manifestation of the Knowledge which, in itself, is the means (pramāṇa) for the negation of duality.

By the statement that it (Turīya) is “not conscious of the subjective” is indicated that it is not “Taijasa”. Similarly by the statement that it is “not conscious of the objective,” it is denied that it (Turīya) is Viśva. By saying that it is “not conscious of either”, it is denied that Turīya is any intermediate state between¹⁵ the waking and the dream states. By the statement that Turīya is “not a mass all sentiency”, it is denied that it is the condition of deep sleep—which is held to be a causal¹⁶condition on account of one’s inability to distinguish the truth from error (in deep sleep). By saying that it is “not simple consciousness”, it is implied that Turīya cannot¹⁷simultaneously cognize the entire world of consciousness (by a single act of consciousness). And lastly by the statement that it is “not unconsciousness” it is implied that Turīya is not insentient or of the nature of matter.

(Objection)—How,¹⁸ again, do such attributes as “conscious of the subjective,” etc., which are (directly) perceived to subsist in Ātman become non-existent only by an act of negation as the snake, etc. (perceived) in the rope, etc., become non-existent (by means of an act of negation)?

(Reply)—Though¹⁹ the states (waking and dream) are really of the essence of consciousness itself, and as such are non-different from each other (from the point of view of the substratum), yet one state is seen to change²⁰ into another as do the appearances of the snake, water-line, etc., having for their substratum the rope, etc. But the consciousness itself is real because it never changes.

(Objection)—Consciousness is seen to change (disappear) in deep sleep.

(Reply)—No, the state of deep sleep is a matter of experience.²¹ For the Śruti says, “Knowledge of the Knower is never absent.”

Hence it (Turīya) is “unseen”²²; and because it is unseen therefore it is “incomprehensible”.²³ Turīya cannot be apprehended by the organs of action. Alakṣanam means “uninferable”,²⁴ because there is no Liṅga (common characteristic) for its inference. Therefore Turīya is “unthinkable”²⁵ and hence “indescribable”²⁶ (by words). It is “essentially²⁷ of the nature of consciousness consisting of Self”. Turīya should be known by spotting that consciousness that never changes in the three states, viz., waking, etc., and whose nature is that of a Unitary Self. Or,²⁸ the phrase may signify that the knowledge of the one Ātman alone is the means for realising Turīya, and therefore Turīya is the essence of this consciousness or Self or Ātman. The Śruti also says, “It should be meditated upon as Ātman.” Several attributes, such as the “conscious of the subjective” etc., associated with the manifestation (such as, Viśva, etc.) in each of the states have already been negated. Now by describing Turīya as “the cessation of illusion”, the attributes which characterise the-three states, viz., waking, etc., are negated. Hence it is “ever²⁹ Peaceful”, i.e., without any manifestation of change—and “all³⁰ bliss”. As it is non-dual, i.e., devoid of illusory ideas of distinction, therefore it is called “Turīya”, the “Fourth”,³¹ because it is totally distinct (in character) from the three quarters which’ are mere appearances. “This, indeed, is the Ātman and it should be known,” is intended to show that the meaning of the Vedic statement, “That thou art”, points to the relationless Ātman (Turīya) which is like the rope (in the illustration) different from the snake, line on the ground, stick, etc,, which are mere appearances. That Ātman which has been described in such Śruti passages as “unseen, but the seer”, “the consciousness of the seer is never absent”, etc., should be known. (The incomprehensible) Turīya “should be known”, and this³² is said so only from the standpoint of the previously unknown condition, for duality cannot exist when the Highest Truth is known.

Anandagiri Tika (glossary)

¹ Is realised—The rope did not cease to be the rope when it appeared as the snake. The rope, again, is seen in its true nature when the snake idea is removed. Similarly, Ātman appears as Viśva, Taijasa and Prājña in the three states. And the same Ātman is realised as Turīya when the upādhis, namely the states, are negated. Turīya is not a separate entity nor is it a fourth state succeeding the three other states. The real nature of Turīya cannot be realised without the negation of the upādhis of the three states.

² This is, etc.—The real significance of “That thou art”, is Turīya and it is realised when the contrary qualities, known as the upādhis, indicated by the words “That” and “thou” are eliminated. Similarly, the Scripture by the negative process, removes the upādhis of the Ātman when associated with the three states and this reveals its eternal identity with Turīya.

³ Different—From the relative or causal standpoint, the Ātman associated with any of the three states, is, no doubt, different from Turīya. But from the standpoint of Turīya there is no difference whatsoever between it and the Ātman associated with the three states. As a matter of fact, it is Turīya as the witness (sākṣi) that is revealed out by the three states.

⁴ On account of— Ignorant person, for whom Scripture is prescribed for the attainment of Knowledge, moves in the relative plane of the three states. To him the Scripture suggests the examination of the three states in order to arrive at the Knowledge of Turīya. If Turīya were something totally separate from and essentially unconnected with the three states and if the three states were not the means of realising Turīya, then no other instrument of Knowledge would be left for the realisation of Turīya. It cannot be contended that one can get the Knowledge of Turīya from the Scripture. Because the Scripture also teaches about Turīya by the method of repudiation (apavāda) of the superimposed attributes (adhyāropa) by negating the upādhis which were superimposed upon Turīya. If Turīya were something totally different from the three states, then no scriptural teaching would be effective in establishing it. If Turīya cannot be established through the examination of the Ātman qualified by the three states, by following the scriptural method of negation, then one is faced with the only alternative that the Ultimate Reality is total non-existence (śūnya) because no other reality remains after the negation of the upādhis of the three states if the existence of Turīya be denied.

⁵ Two results—The instrument of Knowledge (pramāṇa) by means of which we become aware of the result of the negation of the upādhis, namely, the three states, reveals the relationless Turīya. It is like the seeing of the real rope (which is never absent) with the cessation of the illusory idea of the snake. It must be carefully noted that the realisation of Turīya is not the result of the Pramāṇa by means of which we become aware of the negation of the attributes of Ātman, viz., the three states. The two results are simultaneous—and not successive in time as the language seems to imply. It is because no new entity known as Turīya is discovered (or comes into existence) after the negation of upādhis. Turīya is always present. Therefore there īs no possibility of taking Turīya as the result of the negation of the upādhis, viz., the three states. Turīya b eing characterised by non-duality there is no subject-object relationship m Turīya in which case alone an instrument of Knowledge would have a meaning.

⁶ Additional instrument, etc.—No instrument of Knowledge can establish Turīya on account of its non-relation and non-dual nature. Even the function of the Śruti which indicates Turīya is only to negate what is unreal, relative and non-Brahman.

⁷ Other effort—Even contemplation, etc., which are the essential features of Yoga cannot establish Turīya, because it cannot be proved that Yogic contemplation can yield such Knowledge. Therefore the realisation of Turīya cannot be characterised as the result of any particular instrument of Knowledge or of any Yogic practice.

⁸ Enables, etc.—This means that the instrument of Knowledge, besides removing the darkness enveloping the Jar, also yields another positive result that is the manifestation of the Jar.

⁹ Affirm—This means that the act of cutting besides severing the parts to which it is directed also functions in other ways. But this is absurd because we have no knowledge of any other effect op the tree produced by the act of cutting.

¹⁰ Invariably, etc.—It is because the Jar always exists even when it is enveloped in darkness.

¹¹ Cannot function.— It is because Turīya is Knowledge itself. Hence no instrument of Knowledge can act upon it. Turīya does not stand in need of any demonstration or proof because it is ever-existent. The instrument of Knowledge only removed the super-impositions falsely attributed to Ātman. The instrument of Knowledge (perception) continues to act upon an object till the object is revealed (as Brahman).

¹² Is accomplished— The instrument of Knowledge, invariably connected with its employer and an object, can act only in the plane of duality. With the negation of duality, the instrument of Knowledge itself becomes ineffective, for it cannot function the next moment. The idea of time is also annihilated with the destruction of duality. When the non-dual Turīya is realised, all ideas of the instrument of Knowledge, the employer and the object with their distinction are destroyed. Only Brahman is.

¹³ Would follow, etc—It is because a second instrument of Knowledge would be required to negate the residual Knowledge or instrument and a third would be necessary to negate the second and so on ad infinitum. An argument ending in a regressus is not allowed in logical discussion.

¹⁴ Is simultaneous—Here Pramāṇa is the Jñānam that results from the negation of attributes. And through this instrument of Knowledge alone we know that all relative ideas have been negated.. Simultaneously with this assurance, Turīya is realised.

¹⁵ intermediate, etc.—It is the state when one experiences something like a “day dream” that is, he half sees the one and half sees the other.

¹⁶ Causal condition—By seeing the manifestation in the waking state one naturally infers that the preceding state, that is Suṣupti, is the cause of both the waking and dream experiences. In Suṣupti, specific states of consciousness, which manifest themselves as different objects in dream and waking states, remain in a state of indistinguiṣability. In deep sleep, no distinctions are perceived.

¹⁷ Cannot, etc.—By this are denied such attributes as omniscience, etc., associated with Īśvara.

¹⁸ How, etc.—The contention of the objector is this: That the idea of the snake, etc., in the rope is an illusion is a matter of’ common experience. When the error is pointed out, the idea of the snake disappears. Therefore the idea of such a snake can be said to be non-existent. But this is not the case with the attributes of Ātman which are sought to be negated. Such attributes are directly perceived by everyone and do not vanish even though they are negated. Therefore the phenomena of the three states cannot be said to be non-existent on the analogy of the rope and the snake.

¹⁹ Though, etc.—The reply is that the attributes, viz., the three-states, can be demonstrated to be non-existent (unreal) by the act of negation. The illustration of the snake and the rope is quite-apposite. The ideas of the snake, the water-line, etc., for which the rope is mistaken are first pointed out to be illusion because, they are subject to change. Therefore, such objects as are indicated by the ideas are non-existent. Similarly it is a matter or common experience that the states of Jāgrat, Svapna and Suṣupti are subject to change. Therefore they are negatable. In any one state the two other states are negated. Besides, in the state of waking one can realise the three states as following one another. Therefore the three states partake of the nature of unreality as distinguished from Reality which is never subject to any change. Now, what is Reality? From the examination of the three states it becomes clear that though the states are changing and negatable the consciousness which is present therein is constant and invariable. Change of one state to another cannot affect the unchanging nature of Consciousness itself. Therefore pure Consciousness is real. Hence it follows that by constantly examining the changeable and negatable character of the attributes, viz., the three states, one can realise their non-existent or unreal nature. The fallacy of the contention of the objector is due to the partial examination of Reality in only one state in which case the changeable nature of the attributes cannot be realized. But the examination of the three states at once demonstrates their changeable and negatable nature and points out that consciousness itself which is the sub* stratum of the changing attributes is the only Reality.

²⁰ Change—That is, no one is aware of consciousness in deep sleep.

²¹ Experience—Consciousness cannot be dissociated from the state of deep sleep. Suṣupti is experienced from the Jāgrat state, that is to say, Turīya in Jāgrat state knows that it experienced deep sleep. Otherwise Suṣupti would have never been known to exist at all.

²² Unseen—It cannot be recognised by any organ of perception. It is because Turīya is the negation of all the attributes. It cannot be made the object of any sense-organ.

²³ incomprehensible—It cannot come within the cognizance of the senses: therefore Turīya cannot serve any purpose (arthakiyā??).

²⁴ Uninferable—“Existence, Knowledge and Infinity,” by which Brahman is described in the Taittirīya Upaniṣad are not to be considered to be real and positive attributes for the purpose of drawing an inference about Brahman. They only serve a negative purpose indicating that Brahman is other than non-truth, nonconsciousness and non-infinity. Besides, inference requires a common feature which always presupposes more objects than one. But Brahman is one and without a second. Therefore no inference is possible regarding Brahmān.

²⁶ Unthinkable—It is because the predicates by which we can think about an entity have been totally eliminated from Turīya.

²⁸ Indescribable—Turīya cannot be described by words because it is unthinkable. That which one thinks in mind, is expressed by words.

²⁷ Essentially, etc.—The elimination of all the attributes may make Turīya appear as a void to the unwary student. Therefore it is described as a positive existence which can be realised by spotting it as the changeless and the constant factor in the three states. The states, no doubt, do change but there is a unity of the subject implied in the conscious experience of “I am that perceiver” common to all the three states.

²⁸ Or—The alternative meaning is that through consciousness-of Self alone, which forms the basis of the three states, we can demonstrate Turīya which transcends all the states, or in other words, because there is Pure Consciousness, changeless and constant, known as Turīya, therefore we are aware of self-consciousness in the three states.

²⁹ Ever-peaceful—Free from attachment of love and hate, i.e., changeless and immutable.

³⁰ All Bliss—Pure and embodiment of the highest Bliss.

³¹ Fourth—This does not signify any numerical relationship-with the three other states narrated previously. Turīya is called the “fourth” because it occupies the “fourth” place in order of explanation of Brahman of which the three states have previously been dealt with.

³² This is, etc—The statement that “It should be known cannot be properly made with regard to the non-dual Ātman which is incomprehensible, etc. This objection is, no doubt, valid from, the standpoint of Turīya where there cannot be a separate knower of Ātman. But Turīya is certainly unknown from the standpoint of any of the three states, and from that dual standpoint it is perfectly legitimate to speak of Brahman as something “to be known.”

Frontiers of Psychology., 07 August 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01992

Consciousness Without Content: A Look at Evidence and Prospects

Narayanan Srinivasan^1,2*

¹Centre of Behavioural and Cognitive Sciences, University of Allahabad, Allahabad, India
²Interdisciplinary Program in Cognitive Science, Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur, Kanpur, India

Many traditions in the East have proposed that consciousness without content is possible and could be achieved with mental training. However, it is not clear whether such a state is possible given that intentionality is a critical property of mentality and consciousness in many theories of consciousness. A prominent recent attempt to account for such states of “minimal phenomenal experience” is the ascending reticular arousal system (ARAS) model, which proposes a specific type of non-conceptual representational content to address such a state. Consciousness without content can also be understood by studying related or similar states of minimal phenomenal experience and this paper discusses such findings from such states including dreamless sleep experience and their implications. One way to argue for the need for proposing consciousness without content is to locate a property of consciousness that would necessitate postulating it. A continuous state of consciousness without content may be needed to understand continuity of conscious experience. Finally, I discuss the implications of consciousness without content for current theories of consciousness.

Introduction

Multiple contemplative traditions report exceptional experiences and these experiences pose critical questions for the study of consciousness (Thompson, 2014; Metzinger, 2019). These exceptional experiences have been used to characterize and define states of consciousness. One of the earliest writings on states of consciousness comes from the Upanishads (Olivelle, 1998; Thompson, 2014). Verse 7 of the Mandukya Upanishad mentions four states of consciousness. Three states of consciousness are familiar, which are wakefulness, dreaming, and sleep. The most interesting and unusual is the fourth state called Turiya. Turiya is defined as follows: “They consider the fourth quarter as perceiving neither what is inside nor what is outside, nor even both together; not as a mass of perception, neither as perceiving nor as not perceiving; as unseen; as beyond the reach of ordinary transaction; as ungraspable; as without distinguishing marks; as unthinkable; as indescribable; as one whose essence is the perception of itself alone; as the cessation of the visible world; as tranquil; as auspicious; as without a second. That is the self (atman), and it is that which should be perceived (Olivelle, 1998, p. 475).” Turiya is also mentioned in other Upanishads as well; for example, in Brihadaranyaka Upanishad, chapter 5.14.3 (Olivelle, 1998). Turiya is not simply another state of consciousness but is considered the basis of all the other three states of consciousness. Given this conceptualization, the possibility of Turiya has important implications for theories of consciousness (Metzinger, 2019).

A variation of the concept of Turiya can be found in Kashmir Shaivism (Lakshmanjoo, 2015, 2017). According to this, there is a junction between each of three states, wakefulness, dreaming, and deep sleep. Turiya can be experienced in these junctions with practice. Some minor Upanishads and Kashmir Shaivism also propose a fifth state of consciousness called Turiyatita, which is a state beyond Turiya. Kashmir Shaivism also talks of seven states of Turiya or bliss (Lakshmanjoo, 2017) in terms of progressive steps achieved through practice. These include nijananda (the bliss of your own self), nirananda (devoid of limited bliss), prananda (the bliss of breathing), brahmānanda (the bliss which is all-pervading), mahananda (the great bliss), cidānanda (the bliss of consciousness), and jagadānanda (universal bliss).

Buddhists also talk about different states or planes of consciousness. They mention four planes of consciousness, in which the fourth plane is called Lokuttara, which is unintentional consciousness (nirvana). Nirvana is a pure conscious state (Rao and Paranjpe, 2015). In later schools like Vajrayana, Buddha Nature (ultimate reality) is defined as permanence, bliss, purity, and self (Takasaki, 1966). The state of consciousness without content is problematic because such states are described as being non-intentional. Recent attempts to understand such states characterize non-dual consciousness in terms of multiple dimensions, which include presence or being, emptiness, non-representational reflexivity, bliss, luminosity, continuity, and singularity (Josipovic, 2019; Josipovic and Miskovic, 2020).

On a first pass, the definition of Turiya as given in the Upanishads or samadhi or nirvana seems formidable and difficult to capture by empirical methods. It is also possible that pure consciousness is conflated with absorption states like samadhi (Josipovic and Miskovic, 2020). So, the first question ignoring the difficulties posed by the definition is whether Turiya exists. If it does not exist (as defined?), then how do we understand the Turiya experience and how do we explain it? This paper will discuss one such prominent attempt, which is the ascending reticular arousal system (ARAS) model by Metzinger (2019).

If a state of consciousness without content (Turiya or Nirvana) does exist, then how do we study it? This paper sympathetically explores the possibility of consciousness without content and discusses possible ways to attack this problem. One possibility is to link it to states of consciousness or minimal phenomenal experience that are close in nature, study them, and interpolate (Baars, 2013; Windt, 2015). The second possibility is to argue for a need to postulate consciousness without content to explain specific properties of consciousness. In this paper, I will focus on the continuity of conscious experience and whether this necessitates postulation of consciousness without content, primarily based on Buddhist theories of consciousness. Finally, I will discuss current scientific theories in the context of consciousness without content.

A Model of Minimal Phenomenal Experience (MPE)

The nature of consciousness and its phenomenal properties have also been investigated in western philosophy (Tye, 1997). For example, Metzinger (2019) quotes from Moore (1903) regarding transparency: “the moment we try to fix our attention upon consciousness and to see what, distinctly, it is, it seems to vanish: it seems as if we had before us a mere emptiness. When we try to introspect the sensation of blue, all we can see is the blue: the other element is as if it were diaphanous (Moore, 1903, p. 450).” The argument is that we can access only content but not content-carrying vehicle properties. Consciousness without content is not possible and consciousness is a second-order process. The second-order meta-awareness is generally not noticed but can be noticed through attention.

Based on phenomenological reports and analysis, Metzinger (2019, 2020) postulates certain phenomenological constraints for the minimal phenomenal experience (MPE). They are tonic alertness, absence of intentional content or content of “absence,” self-luminosity, introspective availability, epistemicity, and transparency. A state of full absorption is mostly characterized by wakefulness and self-luminosity. Lucid dreamless sleep is also somewhat similar to the state of full absorption, which is discussed in the next section.

Metzinger (2019) defines the minimal form of experience as: “constituted by the content of a predictive model serving to control and regulate the global signal of the ARAS, which in turn determines the brain’s general level of activation (pp. 1).” The model argues that this minimal phenomenal experience appears to be empty because it models a hidden cause of the ARAS signal, which is non-intentional vehicle property. The choice of the ARAS is due to its strength and its non-representational nature and this system needs to be controlled to obtain optimal level of arousal. While the ARAS signal itself is continuous, the ARAS model is discrete. In Metzinger (2020), the minimal phenomenal experience is defined in terms of a representation of tonic alertness maintained by the cingulo-opercular network (Sadaghiani and D’Esposito, 2015).

The model in essence argues that content-less consciousness is an illusion and the pure consciousness state actually has non-conceptual representational content. To be more specific, the model argues that the non-conceptual content is “empty” or “non-representational.” The “content-less” phenomenal state actually carries an abstract form of intentional content. Metzinger (2019, 2020) raises questions about taking the phenomenological reports as they are in terms of no-content. If it is the case that there is no sense of self or time, how could one remember that one was in such a state sans content or remember the duration or onset of such a state? In addition, it points to the fact that the experience and its report could be affected by the expectations and theories associated with such experiences in various contemplative traditions.

States Close to Consciousness Without Content

Irrespective of whether the state of consciousness without content is actually without content or a special content (Metzinger, 2019), it is important to study such a state or reported experiences of such a state. Whether truly consciousness without content is possible or not, some have suggested focusing on states with minimal content as a way to get closer to reported experiences of such non-content states (Baars, 2013). Such suggestions include experiences based on repetition including Ganzfeld experiences and near threshold attending (Baars, 2013).

One possible way to study them would be to study neural measures associated with such a state with meditators who claim to experience such states (Hinterberger et al., 2014). In this electroencephalogram (EEG) study with experienced meditators, participants were asked to perform different types of meditation, which included thoughtless emptiness, focused attention, and open monitoring. Results showed that thoughtless emptiness is characterized not just by reduction in power of high frequencies but also low frequencies in EEG. In a more recent study (Winter et al., 2020) with a single experienced Buddhist meditator, conscious state without content was reported toward the end of the meditation session. EEG results showed a reduction in alpha power and increase in theta power during the self-reported content-free awareness period compared to the rest. The functional connectivity results showed decreases in the posterior default mode network and increases in connectivity in the dorsal anterior network. A direct comparison of the EEG results from the two studies show that the spectral analysis results do not confirm with each indicating the potential difficulties with studying such a state using EEG at present.

Some neural areas or systems have been proposed to underlie MPE states (Baars, 2013; Hinterberger et al., 2014; Josipovic, 2019). One proposal is the central precuneus network (Josipovic, 2014, 2019), which shows increased connectivity between central precuneus and the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and could underlie nondual awareness. Another neural measure that has been proposed for minimal phenomenal experience is larger theta-alpha power perhaps accompanied by much reduced power in beta or gamma frequency ranges (Baars, 2013). Studies on sensory deprivation have also been used to study MPE states (Ben-Soussan et al., 2019) and insula has been proposed an important area for such states. However, there is very little conclusive evidence for neural mechanisms that underlie such states at the current juncture. It is also not clear whether these states have anything in common, which can also be discerned from the different neural substrates proposed in different studies (Baars, 2013; Hinterberger et al., 2014; Josipovic, 2014).

Dreamless Sleep Experience

Windt (2015) proposes that “dreamless sleep experience can be described as pure temporal experience (pp. 35)” and could be considered a minimal phenomenal experience. In this state of dreamless sleep experience, there is experience of time but without any intentional content. The nature of dreamless sleep has been debated among different Indian philosophical systems (Thompson, 2014; Windt, 2015). Different Indian philosophical systems allow or disallow cognitive states without content. For example, the Nyaya does not allow objectless cognitive states but Advaita does. A state of consciousness without content or a pure temporal experience without content is possible according to Advaita. Given that pure self or consciousness is always present, Advaita argues that consciousness is present during dreamless sleep.

During such a dreamless sleep experience, the experience is that of a no-self and no intentional content. Windt (2015) argues that this experience can be understood as a phenomenal “now.” Using Husserl’s notion of retention (Husserl, 1991), Thompson (2015) argues that the recognition of absence of self and intentional content can possibly be based on retentional aspects of the “now.” While acknowledging, the possibility of dreamless sleep experience as a MPE, Metzinger (2019) points out potential issues with the characterization of dreamless sleep experience. These include contentlessness, atemporality, and epistemicity. The notion of an empty phenomenal now is not clear and phenomenology of the experience of consciousness without content is that of a lack of sense of time. In addition, Windt (2015) account does not take into account “passive, non-agentive knowing,” which captures the notion of “witnessing sleep.” These considerations pointed by Metzinger (2019) are critically important for not just dreamless sleep experience but also other MPE states, both in terms of similarities and differences.

Continuity of Conscious Experience

One important debate about conscious perception is whether it is continuous or discrete (VanRullen and Koch, 2003; Dainton, 2014; Herzog et al., 2016; Fekete et al., 2018; White, 2018). It has been argued that conscious perception is discrete and the continuity of experience is as such an illusion (VanRullen and Koch, 2003; Herzog et al., 2016). Models of time perception, more specifically cinematic models assume discrete frames and imply that continuity of temporal experience is an illusion (Dainton, 2014).

Discrete models of perception generally assume that unconscious integrative processes occur over time and once the integration is complete, this results in all at once in conscious perception. This has been postulated to take around 100–500 ms. It has been argued that the conscious percept is an attractor in phase space (Herzog et al., 2016). Studies on attention have argued that attentional sampling is discrete (around 7–8 Hz) and this is a possible factor that underlies the discreteness of perception (VanRullen and Koch, 2003; VanRullen, 2016).

Arguments have been raised against the discrete model of mind or conscious perception (Spivey and Dale, 2006; Fekete et al., 2018; White, 2018). The proponents of continuous-time models of perception argue that the putative evidence for discrete perception is also consistent with continuous-time models of perception. Occasionally, the duration of the stimulus needed to consciously perceive a stimulus is conflated with the duration or timing of conscious experience (Thompson, 2014, p. 46–48).

White (2018) questions the boundaries of discrete temporal windows of momentary awareness, given that we already know that different perceptual modalities have different temporal resolutions. A gap of 30 ms may be required to segregate two flashes in foveal vision but a gap of 2–5 ms is enough to segregate two tones. In addition to temporal resolution differences across modalities, such differences also exist for different features within modalities. A classic example is the trade-off between peripheral and central vision in terms of spatio-temporal resolution. Moreover, integration of visual-auditory information themselves involve different timescales and our perceptual system can tolerate small asynchronies between the two (sounds and sight), still representing them as co-synchronous even with offsets around 50–100 ms to produce a unified audio-visual experience. White (2018) also considers the ability of such frames to explain feelings of flow, succession, and persistence of experiences beyond and within these frames. Would these problems be addressed by proposing a fourth state that is content less, non-representational, and continuous that underlie our experience?

The answer to the question of continuity (apparent or real) may have implications for the notion of consciousness without content. Different Indian systems argue for or against the continuity of consciousness (Waldron, 2003; Thompson, 2015). Many early Buddhist (Theravada and some Mahayana) theories argue for discrete moments of experience (Collins, 1982; Waldron, 2003; Thompson, 2015). However, for Buddhists, the discrete theories of consciousness do pose a problem in explaining other aspects of mind and consciousness. To quote from Evan Thompson, “How consciousness manages to function coherently, given that it is gappy. If consciousness is strictly momentary, in the sense that there is no consciousness whatsoever that persists during the gaps, then what accounts for its coherent functioning, not only from moment to moment but also across longer stretches of time? For example, what accounts for longer-lasting traits of consciousness, such as the attentional stability arising from meditation practice? Why do not the gaps between moments of awareness disrupt these continuities? (pp. 58).”

Different solutions have been proposed by different schools of Indian thought (Waldron, 2003; Thompson, 2014). The Theravada school distinguishes between active consciousness versus passive consciousness. Active consciousness is about the differing contents of experience. Here, passive consciousness is the basis of continuity of individual; “Life-continuum” or “factor of existence (bhavanga).” The passive exists only in the gaps between active (Waldron, 2003).

The Yogacara school argues for a underlying more base consciousness, which is continuously present at all time – Alaya-vijnana (store consciousness). The alaya-vijnana is the basis for cognitive awareness (which is probably discrete). This alaya-vijnana has no “I” or perspectivalness and it is the ego consciousness that brings in the “I (Waldron, 2003; Thompson, 2014).”

Sometimes bhavanga and alaya-vijnana have been interpreted as an unconscious base, which makes consciousness possible (Waldron, 2003; Rao and Paranjpe, 2015). If bhavanga or alaya-vijnana is interpreted as unconscious (but still presumably part of the mind) but continuous, then it is not clear what provides the continuity of conscious experience and it seems to simply move the problem of continuity of consciousness to continuity of non-consciousness. In addition, the term awareness or consciousness is explicitly used in many Buddhist texts in discussing bhavanga or alaya-vijnana. Alaya-vijnana is translated as storehouse consciousness and need not be interpreted as an unconscious process (Kalupahana, 1992).

Generally, Buddhist theories of time assume time to be discrete (Collins, 1982; Waldron, 2003; Thompson, 2014). Theravada assumes that bhavanga itself is discrete and made of finer moments than consciousness with content. This stance implies that even bhavanga is gappy. It has been argued with consistent meditative practice that this momentariness may become perceivable. However, even if this is true then those who meditate should report a somewhat choppy consciousness without content experience. This is not usually reported even though loss of self and time are reported (Ataria et al., 2015).

Hierarchical theories of time perception assume time scales generally in the 30–100 ms range to a few seconds range (Pöppel, 1997). If bhavanga is made of moments and then is at a scale much smaller than 30 ms range, then these moments could be even of the order of less than 1 ms. From what we know of neuronal firings and their time scales, the discrete frames for a bhavanga would require neurons firing rates that would be difficult given their physical limitations. Of course, one can argue that bhavanga as fine discrete moments is not based on neuronal activations or new finer mechanisms would emerge but at this point there are no clear possible mechanisms available at such a fine temporal scale. The hierarchical nature of time perception itself can possibly achieved with nested, synchronized activity of populations of neurons oscillating at different frequencies, which are coupled and interact with each other (Roux and Uhlhaas, 2014).

Buddhist theories, in general, do use the metaphor of the stream of consciousness and especially describe alaya-vijnana as stream. Some have used citta-santāna or mind-stream as a synonym or alternative for alaya-vijnana (Lusthaus, 2013). For example, Kalupahana (1992) says “Instead of being a completely distinct category, alaya-vijnana merely represents the normal flow of the stream of consciousness uninterrupted by the appearance of reflective self-awareness. It is no more than the unbroken stream of consciousness called the life-process referred to by the Buddha. It is the cognitive process, containing both emotive and conative aspects of human experience, but without the enlarged egoistic emotions and dogmatic graspings characteristic of the next two transformations.”

Representational theories of consciousness like the global workspace theory (Baars, 2013) are generally not concerned with properties of conscious experience like continuity. The ARAS model postulated to handle MPEs is a special representational model and prima facie, it appears that is not concerned with explaining specific phenomenological aspects like continuity of conscious experience (Metzinger, 2019). In addition, while the ARAS signal is continuous, the ARAS model itself is not continuous.

Consciousness Without Content and Theories of Consciousness

A prominent cognitive theory of consciousness is the global workspace theory (Baars, 2013). The global workspace theory, at its core, is a representational or functionalist theory. What one is conscious of is what is globally broadcasted in the brain or mind. If this is the case, and if consciousness is present without content, then this would imply that nothing is broadcast. This seems to go against global workspace workspace theory and representationalist theories, in general (unless the no-content is made into a special non-intentional, non-conceptual content as in the ARAS model). Even if somehow workspace itself is represented and there is no other content, this would still be semantic content (Josipovic, 2019). The maintenance of any content in the global workspace would still need attention and monitoring.

While Baars (Baars, 2013; Josipovic and Baars, 2015) seems to be sympathetic to the possibility of consciousness without content, the implications of consciousness without content for global workspace needs to be explored in detail. It appears that alaya–vijnana or bhavanga awareness cannot be easily accommodated by purely content-based theories of consciousness, since processes operating on content are what makes cognitive or access consciousness possible.

How would other theories of consciousness address the possibility of consciousness without content? For example, consciousness has been conceptualized as a meaning-making process or producing information (Marchetti, 2018). Marchetti (2018) focusing on the content of conscious experience say that “the content of CI coincides with its form.” Given this conceptualization, it is not clear how consciousness without concept can be conceptualized. One could argue for the notion of “pure attention” as a process that does not have content but holds the system in a state of readiness within this theoretical framework (Marchetti, 2018). This is somewhat akin to the proposal of tonic alertness as a possible representational substrate for minimal phenomenal experience (Metzinger, 2020).

Integrated information theory (IIT) is another prominent theory that has been proposed to understand consciousness (Tononi, 2004; Tononi et al., 2016). Tononi et al. (2016) state “Similarly, IIT predicts that the cerebral cortex as a whole may support experience even if it is almost silent, a state which may perhaps be reached through meditative practices designed to achieve ‘naked awareness’ without content (pp. 460).” They also state “States of naked awareness could be compared with states of unawareness that occur, for example, during deep sleep or anesthesia, when the cause-effect repertoires of cortical neurons, regardless of the level of neuronal activity, are disrupted as a result of bistability (pp. 460).”

Dimensional models of consciousness (Berkovich-Ohana and Glicksohn, 2014; Paoletti and Ben-Soussan, 2019, 2020) also try to account for consciousness without content and how they can be achieved. In these dimensional models, time and emotion constitute two dimensions. The third dimension varies: access, varying from low accessibility to high accessibility (Berkovich-Ohana and Glicksohn, 2014) or motivation/self-determination (Paoletti and Ben-Soussan, 2020). The time axis goes from past to future and the emotion axis goes from reward to punishment. They intersect at a point which represent “present” in the time axis and zero emotion in the time axis. Defined in terms of access to awareness (Berkovich-Ohana and Glicksohn, 2014), the third axis goes from minimum access to maximum access or no-access to maximum access. In terms of self-determination (Paoletti and Ben-Soussan, 2019, 2020), the focus is on a particular form of intentionality to act and being aware. The origin or intersection of the all three dimensions possibly represents the state of consciousness without content, which they call the “place of pre-existence” (Paoletti and Ben-Soussan, 2019). It has been argued that such a state of no-self and lack of content is achieved through meditation or possibly sensory deprivation.

How would predictive processing theories handle consciousness without content? Some recent attempts have been made to understand meditation and meditative experience in the context of the predictive processing approach (Lutz et al., 2019; Pagnoni, 2019). Focused attention meditation can be conceived as a way to minimize prediction error through the processes of focusing attention and eliminating distractions with practice (Lutz et al., 2019). If we regard the mind as a hierarchical predictive control system (Jordan, 2003; Kumar and Srinivasan, 2012, 2014), then perhaps one is in a state of effortless perception in which prediction errors at all hierarchical levels are zero. This would include the ability to predict not signals from external environment but interoceptive signals from the body itself, which would need the ability to control the body as well. The ability to control both the body and mind is possible only through interactions with environment, which may partially address the dark room problem (Friston et al., 2012). If consciousness without content is possible, then it is not necessary to have a dark room per se to have absence of content in experience. If it is so, predictive processing theories may need to explain how it is that we have conscious experience, when there is no content (or minimal content) about which predictive inference needs to be made. Of course, it has been argued that the content is a special type of content, which gives rise to the phenomenological experience of no content (Metzinger, 2020). A speculative solution to this would be continuous-time models of perception, which can realize hierarchical predictive inference (Fekete et al., 2018) and may involve prediction of the vehicle (bhavanga or alaya-vijnana) alongside content of consciousness. That is predictive inference not just about the content of experience but also the dynamical structure of experience embedded possibly on a base consciousness.

One of the phenomenal aspects that is very rarely considered in most of these models or theories of consciousness, is Ananda or bliss. As discussed earlier, the Kashmir Shaivists talk of seven different states of bliss associated with Turiya (Lakshmanjoo, 2017). Since emotions or feelings are thought to be intentional mental states, it is not clear why there should be a reported experience of bliss, if there is no content. Consistent with this argument, bliss is not a phenomenal constraint for MPE according to Metzinger (2019). In the spherical models of consciousness (Berkovich-Ohana and Glicksohn, 2014; Paoletti and Ben-Soussan, 2019), the putative point in the three dimensional space representing a state of consciousness without content has zero emotion (neither pleasant nor unpleasant). It is not clear why this point is associated with reports of bliss. Proposers of nondual awareness do include bliss as one of the dimensions of such an awareness (Josipovic, 2019). The term Brahman, the underlying reality according to the Upanishads is generally characterized as sacchidananda (sat – existence or truth, cit – consciousness, and ananda – bliss). It could be important to consider how ananda is linked to consciousness without content or MPEs, in general.

Conclusions

The presence or absence of content-less state of consciousness has important implications for theories of consciousness (Metzinger, 2019). Many current conceptions of consciousness do not consider a content-less state of consciousness as a possibility and would need to be significantly altered if such a state is possible. We need novel paradigms to study and theorize about such states of consciousness without content or minimal phenomenal experience. A thorough understanding of the phenomenal properties of consciousness and its links to functional or neurophysiological aspects would enable us build a comprehensive theory of consciousness (Josipovic and Miskovic, 2020; Metzinger, 2020). The current paper suggests that focusing on the continuity of conscious experience may necessitate proposing consciousness without content a theoretical necessity. Such states of consciousness have been reported for a long time among practitioners in various contemplative traditions and there is a need to take them seriously to eventually understand consciousness. It also seems to be the case that realizing such an experiential state seem to change one’s life in a significant manner. Hence there is also a need to measure the impact of having experienced such a state in day to day life of those practitioners.

Whole Foods, Whole People and Whole Planet inspire Whole Dude to invent Whole Phrases

The Discovery of Whole Language to invent Whole Phrases

**Whole Foods, Whole People and Whole Planet inspire Whole Dude to invent Whole Phrases: Whole Linguistics – Whole Language. The concept of Whole Cookie and Whole Love.**

Whole Dude describes these 365 Everyday Value Mismatched Sandwich Cremes as “Whole Cookies.” To account for human life and human existence, Whole Dude uses “Whole Linguistics” and “Whole Language.” The Whole Cookie symbolizes the concept of Whole Love.

Yes indeed, Life is Complicated. The complexities of Life demand the understanding of the nature of human life and human existence by applying the concept of Whole Language.

Whole Dude invents Whole Phrases-Whole Linguistics–Whole Language:

Language is how human beings, as members of a social group and participants in its culture, communicate. Language is the peculiar possession of human beings. Human Speech (spoken and written) is the criteria by which we can easily recognize the difference that exists between man and other species. In this article, I inform my readers about the requirement to develop concepts that I name as “Whole Linguistics” and “Whole Language” to understand the nature of Human Life and Human Existence.

Language is defined as a system of vocal sounds and combination of such sounds to which meaning is attributed, used for the expression or communication of thoughts and for sharing information.

I want to define “Whole Language” as the particular form or manner of selecting and combining words characteristic of a “Whole Man”, “Whole Person”, or “Whole Dude.” It is a style of expression in words to explain and account for Human Life and Human Existence without depending upon the ability to attach meanings to the words and languages man uses. The structure and properties of human language do not formulate the basis for man’s biological existence.

Linguistics which is described as the Science of Language includes phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. Linguistics is sometimes subdivided into Descriptive, Historical, Comparative, Theoretical, Applied, and Geographical Linguistics. Since Linguistics is concerned with Language it must include the study of vocalized human speech, human writing, human reading, and human sensory perception of sounds and their interpretation. In proposing to use the phrase “Whole Linguistics”, Whole Dude visualizes the existence of three entities, 1. Language User, 2. Language Interpreter, and 3. Language Creator. It introduces a concept about the Creative Beginning of man and his Language.

Whole Linguistics – Whole Language: Bertrand Russell developed the system of language analysis called Logical Atomism. In his opinion, Language can be analyzed in terms of aggregates of fixed, irreducible units or elements. How about Life and Existence?

Dr. Bertrand Russell developed the system of Language Analysis called “Logical Atomism.” In his opinion, Language can be analyzed in terms of fixed, irreducible units or elements or an “Atom” of Language. Russell thinks that there can be a perfect one-to-one correspondence existing between an “Atom of Language” (an “Atomic Proposition”) and an “Atomic Fact.” An Atomic Proposition is a term that asserts that a certain thing has a certain quality. An Atomic Fact is the simplest kind of fact and consists in possession of a certain quality by some specific individual thing. According to Russell, for Language to mirror reality it can be proposed that the world is composed of facts that are utterly simple and comprehensible. He uses ‘Atomic Propositions’ as the building blocks from which logical connectives, the more complex “Molecular Propositions” are constructed.

Whole Dude encounters several problems if he tries to apply Russell’s Theory of “Logical Atomism” to interpret nature of Human Life and Human Existence. What is that ‘Atomic Proposition’, or ‘Atomic Fact’ that can describe man as a specific, individual thing? How is the Identity of Human Individual is established in multicellular human organism? Who is that specific, individual thing for whose benefit all the trillions of individual, living cells exist? If man is known as a specific, individual thing, how do these trillions of individual cells recognize his Identity?

Russell demands that concepts must be clarified in both every day and scientific Language. In his view, all genuine knowledge about man and nature can be expressed in a single Language common to all the Sciences. Semantics is the branch of Linguistics concerned with the nature, the structure, the development and changes of the meanings of speech forms or with contextual meaning. Whole Dude uses the phrase “Whole Semantics” to describe the relationship between Language User who uses words, phrases, concepts, feelings, (etc., associated with them) and the mind of Language Interpreter who exists as “Whole Person,” “Whole Man,” or “Whole Dude.” By combining words, by coining new phrases, Whole Dude describes an original term whose meaning, or explanation could be missing if the original term is used as such. For example, by using the phrase ‘Whole Person, ‘Whole Man’, or ‘Whole Dude’ help to account for all the dimensions of Human Life, and Human Existence. The term ‘man’ when used alone could be interpreted by each reader in slightly differing manners based upon their individual mental makeups. By using the phrase such as ‘Whole Man’, I am alerting the reader to interpret its meaning considering the various possibilities, the various dimensions to life such as a physical dimension (age, sex, color, race, ethnicity, and country of origin), a mental dimension described by his thoughts and feelings, a social dimension described by the language he uses, his religion, his social position, education, occupation, and his culture, his moral dimension that includes his perceptions about right and wrong, his spiritual dimension that may account for his existence as a created being, one of its own kind, and distinctive that makes him an Individual with Individuality and his rational dimension that describes the reasoning process used to verify truth of any given statement.

Whole Vocabulary–Whole Linguistics-Whole Language:

Language represents a very complex series of events. These events take place in many planes of experience; 1. Physical (the sound waves), 2. Chemical (the body Chemistry), 3. Physiological (the movements of nerve impulses and of the various muscles and structures involved in articulation or generation of sounds), 4. Psychological (the reaction to stimuli), 5. General Cultural (situation of the speaker in respect to the cultural system of his society), 6. Linguistic (the Language being spoken), and 7. Semantic (its meaning). Vocabulary is a list of words and often phrases, abbreviations, inflectional forms, etc., arranged in alphabetical order and defined as in a dictionary or glossary. Whole Dude uses the phrase “Whole Vocabulary” to explain that the human body does not use Human Language to perform its functions at the level of individual cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems that comprise the human body. Human organism interacts with its constituent cells, tissues, and organs all the time using chemical molecules to send signals without any need for any known human language.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – WHOLE LINGUISTICS – WHOLE LANGUAGE: THIS DIAGRAM OR MODEL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAY IN MECHANOTRANSDUCTION EXPLAINS MECHANOSENSITIVITY IN CELLS AND TISSUES. SOME OF THE ABBREVIATIONS ARE, EP2-PROSTAGLANDIN RECEPTOR 2, 7TR-SEVEN TRANSMEMBRANE HELIX RECEPTOR, G GTP-BINDING PROTEIN, cAMP-CYCLIC ADENOSINE MONOPHOSPHATE, PKA-PROTEIN KINASE A, PKC-PROTEIN KINASE C, CRE-cAMP RESPONSE ELEMENT. MAN HAS TO DEVISE NUMEROUS TERMS TO SPEAK ABOUT LIVING FUNCTIONS WHICH TAKE PLACE WITH NO CONCERN FOR USING VOCABULARY.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – WHOLE LINGUISTICS – WHOLE LANGUAGE: AMONG ALL LIFE FORMS, THERE ARE SIMILAR SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS THAT ARE USED TO COMMUNICATE INSTRUCTIONS TO CELLS USING NERVE IMPULSES OR CHEMICAL MOLECULES CALLED HORMONES. THE ABILITY OF THE CELL TO UNDERSTAND THE MESSAGE AND RESPOND WITH A PROPER SEQUENCE OF ACTIONS WHICH OFTEN INVOLVES A ‘SECOND MESSENGER’ IS THE BASIS FOR LIFE AND EXISTENCE. GLUTAMATE SIGNALING THAT IS INVOLVED IN SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS THAT STIMULATE A CELL TO DIVIDE OR PROLIFERATE CANNOT BE AFFECTED BY VERBAL COMMANDS.

WHOLE LINGUISTICS–WHOLE LANGUAGE: COMMUNICATION WITHIN THE HUMAN ORGANISM INVOLVES THE SEQUENTIAL ACTIONS AND INTERACTIONS THAT INVOLVE A VARIETY OF CHEMICAL MOLECULES. MAN HAS NO ABILITY TO SPEAK TO THE CELL USING HUMAN LANGUAGE AND INSTRUCT IT TO PERFORM TASKS LIKE CELL DIVISION.

To understand the Language that human body uses to perform its myriad living functions, we need to learn about chemical molecules that act as major communicators. The Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP) is a major communicator molecule in cells. cAMP controls many important functions in the cell including the ability of the cell to generate electrical impulses. It is often called “Second Messenger” and it activates Inactive Protein Kinase, and the Active Protein Kinase then triggers responses of target cells or structures by activating enzymes, stimulating cellular secretion, opening ion channels, and etc., Cyclic Monophosphate mononucleotide of Adenosine or cAMP is formed from Adenosine Triphosphate or ATP by the catalytic action of the enzyme Adenylyl Cyclase. cAMP is responsible for the intracellular mediation of hormonal effects on various cellular processes such as lipid metabolism, membrane transport and cell proliferation.

WHOLE LINGUISTICS–WHOLE LANGUAGE: IN THE ENTIRE HUMAN VOCABULARY THERE IS NO WORD OR PHRASE THAT MAN CAN USE TO COMMUNICATE WITH THE CELLS OF HIS OWN BODY.

Whole Dude asserts the inability to issue verbal commands to any human body and direct it to perform according to the Dude’s choice or desires. In the entire human Vocabulary there is no word or phrase that man can use to communicate with the cells, tissues, and organs of his own body. Language can be used to describe living functions such as ‘Metabolism’ but Life and Existence is not about the ability to attach meanings to words or the ability called Language Arts. Russell held the view that it is possible to infer something about the world from the Language in which it is correctly described. He further directed that Language must be used to state its minimum requirements and avoid the use of descriptive phrases which may postulate the existence of objects. Russell finds it very easy and convenient to formulate his opinion and conclude that a ‘Proposition’ is a picture of the facts that it asserts and must have in a sense the same structure. He stresses the importance of similarity of structure as a criterion in inferring causal relationships. He endorses the application of rationality to all aspects of thought and Language.

Humans have the distinctive ability to use Language and yet there is no similarity of structure in the Language used for human communication and the structure of chemical molecules involved in communications between cells, tissues, and organs of his own body. To account for Human Life and Human Existence, we need to overcome the linguistic barriers placed by Russell.

To establish the existence of man as a ‘speaking animal’, I use the concept of ‘Whole Devotion’; a valid method of inquiry guided and controlled by ‘Love’ which acts as the Fundamental Force operating Human Life and Human Existence. ‘Whole Love’ as a phrase accounts for Subjective and Objective Reality called Existence that man experiences in his daily living condition. In times of crisis, when man faces challenges to his life and existence, man may not be able to make use of his knowledge and wisdom to effectively communicate with his body to alter or correct the problems of his structural and functional organization. However, human Language can be used for a system of communication called ‘PRAYER’. The hope that the communication called ‘Prayer’ will be received gives man the chance to survive tough times with a sense of peace and tranquility. The purpose of human language is to provide comfort and reassurance when language becomes ineffective in solving human problems.

Spirituality Science – The Origin of Man:

The problem of the origin of man is connected with the problem of the origin of Language. The Theory of Evolution proposed by Charles Darwin believes that man has descended from other forms of life such as apes. It must be noted that Language is one of the principal characteristics of the specifically human world. Human Speech, both spoken and written is the criteria by which we can recognize the difference that exists between man and other species. Language is the means by which human beings communicate as members of a social group and as participants in its Culture. Language is the peculiar possession of human beings. No other species has conventionalized its cries and utterances to constitute a systematic symbolism in the same manner as human Language. Man may be described as the talking and writing animal.

Language represents a complex series of events. These events are on many planes of experience; 1. Physical, that involves the ability to generate sound waves, the propagation of sound waves, and the reception of sound waves or the perception called hearing. The physical capacity for the use of Language requires the physical capacity called ‘Precision Grip’ which gives the ability to write using a writing instrument, 2. Chemical, that involves body chemistry and its ability to generate the energy needed for performing the functions associated with the use of Language, 3. Physiological, that involves the transmission of nerve impulses and the movements of muscles used in speech or writing, 4. Psychological, that involves a generation of thoughts and feelings and the reaction to such stimuli, 5. Cultural, that pertains to the situation of the speaker or writer in respect to the cultural system of his society, 6. Linguistic, that involves the specific Language that is spoken or used for communication, and 7. Semantics, that involves the ability to convey and grasp the meaning of the Language used in communication.

The Tower of Babel – The Confusion of Tongues:

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE ORIGIN OF MAN - THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: The Old Testament Book of GENESIS describes the origin of man and describes as to why men may not understand one another's speech. Human species is constituted as a single species and yet it displays an amazing varieties of tongues that they use for speech and writing. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ORIGIN OF MAN – THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: The Old Testament Book of GENESIS describes the origin of man and describes as to why men may not understand one another’s speech. Human species are constituted as a single species and yet it displays an amazing varieties of tongues that they use for speech and writing.

If human beings constitute members of a single species which share certain common characteristics of both anatomical structures and physiological functions, Language must be the same for all the members of this given species. Like human society, human Language seem to be partly natural, and partly conventional. All conventional languages have certain features of structure which indicate their natural basis in the physical and mental constitution of man. All conventional languages have a common, natural basis, and the confusion of tongues is explained in Bible. The Old Testament Book of Genesis, Chapter 11, verses 1-9 tells us that “The whole earth was of one language and one speech,” but at the time when men began to build ” a tower whose top may reach into heaven,” the LORD said, ” Behold, the people is one, and they all have one language; and this they begin to do and now nothing will be restrained from them, which they have imagined to do. Go to, let us go down, and there confound their language, that they may not understand one another’s speech.” At the Tower of Babel (“The Gate of God”), the structure that was built-in the plain of Shinar, by the hand of God every man was stricken for his rebellion, with an oblivion of his former language. God frustrated human plans by confusing their Language and scattered them over all the earth.

The Art and the History of Writing:

**Spirituality Science – The Origin of Alphabet. The History of Writing.**

Writing is the visible recording of Language that is peculiar to the human species. Writing is not the mere transmission of ideas for it uses a medium that can be used as a historical record. The first known writing dates from 6,000 B.C. Ancient languages like Sanskrit developed alphabet where one letter symbolizes one phoneme or a significant sound. The major non-alphabetic forms of writing are Chinese, in which each character represents a word or concept, and Japanese, in which each character represents a syllable. It appears that writing arose independently in different parts of the world.

**Spirituality Science – The Origin of Man. The History of Writing.**

Seven original systems of writing that can be recognized are, 1. Sumerian in Mesopotamia, 3100 B.C. to A.D. 75, 2. Proto-Elamite in Elam, 3000 B.C. to A.D. 400, 3. Egyptian in Egypt, 3000 B.C. to A.D. 400, 4. Proto-Indic in the Indus Valley around 2200 B.C., 5. Cretan in Crete and Greece, 2000 to 1200 B.C., 6. Chinese in China, 1300 B.C. to the present, and 7. Hittite in Anatolia and Syria, 1500 B.C. to 700 B.C. The original, ideographic, writing system of Maya tribes of Central America developed independently in their Pre-Classic Period (1500 B.C. ? – A.D. 300).

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE ORIGIN OF MAN - THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: The Cuneiform(Latin=Wedge-shaped) system of writing developed before the last centuries of the 4th millenium B.C. in the lower Tigris and Euphrates Valley by the Sumerians. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ORIGIN OF MAN – THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: The Cuneiform(Latin=Wedge-shaped) system of writing developed before the last centuries of the 4th millennium B.C. in the lower Tigris and Euphrates Valley by the Sumerians.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE ORIGIN OF MAN - THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: The Proto-Elamite writing system found in Elam. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ORIGIN OF MAN – THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: The Proto-Elamite writing system found in Elam, 3000B.C.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE ORIGIN OF MAN - THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: Egyptian Hieroglyphic(Greek=Priestly writing) type of writing were already perfected in the first dynasty 3110 - 2884 B.C. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ORIGIN OF MAN – THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: Egyptian Hieroglyphic(Greek=Priestly writing) type of writing were already perfected in the first dynasty 3110 – 2884 B.C.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE ORIGIN OF MAN - THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: Proto-Indic in the Indus Valley, c. 2500 - c. 1500 B.C. flourished along the Indus River. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ORIGIN OF MAN – THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: Proto-Indic in the Indus Valley, c. 2500 – c. 1500 B.C. flourished along the Indus River.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE ORIGIN OF MAN - THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: The chief cities of Indus Valley Civilization were Mohenjo-Daro, and Harappa. People had used copper, bronze, and pottery. They used a pictograph script. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ORIGIN OF MAN – THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: The chief cities of Indus Valley Civilization were Mohenjo-Daro, and Harappa. People had used copper, bronze, and pottery. They used a pictograph script.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE ORIGIN OF MAN - THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: Phaistos Disk, Crete, Greece. Minoan Seal Stones. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ORIGIN OF MAN – THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: Phaistos Disk, Crete, Greece. Minoan Seal Stones.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE ORIGIN OF MAN - THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: Hittite of Anatolia and Syria had used a cuneiform writing style, 1500 B.C. to 700 B.C. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ORIGIN OF MAN – THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: Hittite of Anatolia and Syria had used a cuneiform writing style, 1500 B.C. to 700 B.C.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE ORIGIN OF MAN - THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE:: Chinese characters can be traced to 4000 B.C. signs. Bronze Age China, Shang dynasty, Oracle Bone Script. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ORIGIN OF MAN – THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE:: Chinese characters can be traced to 4000 B.C. signs. Bronze Age China, Shang dynasty, Oracle Bone Script.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE ORIGIN OF MAN - THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: Maya tribes of Central America developed an original, ideographic system of writing with which they recorded chronology, astronomy, history, and religion. — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ORIGIN OF MAN – THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: Maya tribes of Central America developed an original, ideographic system of writing with which they recorded chronology, astronomy, history, and religion.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE - THE ORIGIN OF MAN - THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: The first alphabetic system of writing was developed by the Greeks — SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ORIGIN OF MAN – THE ORIGIN OF LANGUAGE: The first alphabetic system of writing was developed by the Greeks

Writing serves the purpose of communication and the written shapes become signs for elements of linguistic value. However, it must be noted that painting pictures on the walls of caves or on the rocks may not fall in the category of writing. Aristotle says that man is the only animal whom nature “has endowed with the gift of speech.” The origin of human Speech cannot be explained in evolutionary terms. Human Speech is a creative phenomenon and it uses a creative mechanism to generate variations while the humans are endowed with the same kind of gift. Human Language is the instrument by which the thoughts of men’s minds are conveyed from one to another. Language expresses thought, diverse languages are different mediums of the same thing. Aristotle declares, “All men may not have the same speech sounds, but the mental experiences which these directly symbolize, are the same for all.” The human community when conceived in terms of the communication of thought is not limited by political boundaries. Man overcomes the barriers set up by a diversity of tongues by using a tool called translation.

Human Language has the Spiritual attribute called Immortality for it includes the thoughts shared by the living and the dead and extends to those as yet unborn. Human Civilization can be described as the Civilization of Dialogue and the conversation continues from one generation to the next as if man is not a perishable creature. Plato observes, “thought and speech are the same, with this exception, that which is called thought is the unuttered conversation of the Soul with itself.”

Whole Dude cannot choose between Free Will and Predestination while shopping at Whole Foods, Ann Arbor

Whole Dude cannot choose between Free Will and Predestination while shopping at Whole Foods, Ann Arbor. Griffin James Quinoa Challenge Award at Whole Foods Market Inc., Ann Arbor promotes the idea of improving Product Knowledge. Currently, there are no laws to include Nutrition Information about Dietary Polyamine Content of Food Products sold by Retail Food Industry.

Yes indeed, Life is Complicated. The most baffling complexity of Life involves the man’s apparent ability to make choices while trapped in a Body that is governed by Conditioned Existence over which the man has no choice.

Whole Dude at Whole Foods cannot choose between Free Will and Determinism. My existence is not dependent upon Freedom or Free Will but on Divine Providence. Do I have a choice? Is Freedom an entitlement? Is there Freedom in Free World? Freedom is it self-determined or is it determined by external causes?

The word ‘Freedom’ has many meanings – theological, metaphysical, psychological, moral, natural, and civil. Freedom may mean enjoyment of personal liberty, of not being a slave, nor a prisoner, and in essence it speaks about the freedom in acting and choosing. Freedom may imply the state of not being subject to determining forces. Is it self-determined or is it determined by external causes?

Freedom in Free World: I have arrived in the United States for I shared the Motto of this Nation: "In God We Trust." The New Testament Book, Apostle Paul's Letter to Ephesians, Chapter 2, verse# 19 speaks of my quest for Freedom: "Consequently, you are no longer foreigners and aliens, but fellow citizens with God's people and members of God's household,..." How can I find that Freedom to enter God's household if I am a Foreigner, or Alien??? — Whole Dude at Whole Foods cannot choose between Free Will and Determinism. Freedom in Free World: I arrived in the United States for I shared the Motto of this Nation: “In God We Trust.” The New Testament Book, The Epistle of Apostle Paul to Ephesians, Chapter 2, verse# 19 speaks of my quest for Freedom: “Consequently, you are no longer Foreigners and Aliens, but fellow citizens with God’s people and members of God’s household,…” How can I find that Freedom to enter God’s household if I am a Foreigner, or Alien? There is a promise in The New Testament Book, The Epistle of Apostle Paul to Romans, Chapter 9, verse# 25: As He says in Hosea: “I will call them ‘my people’ who are not my people;”

“Free World” is a Cold War era term often used by the US to describe those countries that are not in the sphere of influence of Communist States like the Soviet Union, or the People’s Republic of China. United States is the Leader of the Free World, and it is the world’s Democratic Superpower. In response to Communist China’s military occupation of the autonomous nation of Tibet, United States to defend its own national interests and to combat the threat of Communist expansionism, initiated a program to render assistance to the Tibetan resistance movement to uphold the principles of Freedom and Democracy in the Land of Tibet. John F. Kennedy, the 35th President of the United States (1961-1963) created a military alliance/pact between the US, India, and Tibet to fight the military threat posed by China. During 1969, I made a deliberate choice to serve in India’s Armed Forces to face the military challenge and threat posed by China after it had brutally attacked India across its Himalayan frontier during 1962. On completion of my military training, I was posted to this US, India, Tibet military organization called Establishment 22, Special Frontier Force, or Vikas Regiment. I was very passionate about defending the cause of Freedom and Democracy. I spent several years in India and I had imagined that I had freedom to choose and act and had deliberately expressed this sense of personal freedom when I got married during 1973. This choice had its consequences. It initiated a process of alienation and estrangement from my birth-related social community. The first blow to my sense of social identity and birth affiliation was delivered during 1976 while I was at Armed Forces Medical College, Pune. By the year 1982, I recognized that I have no freedom to choose, or act without compromising my sense of self-respect, and self-dignity. For all practical purposes, I was transformed into a Foreigner or Alien while I was still serving my country as a Commissioned Officer of its Armed Forces. It undermined my ability to serve in the Armed Forces to defend the Freedom of the country while I was perceived as a Foreigner or Alien. Now, I am conscious of the lack of freedom to make choices, or I may state that I am only free to make a choice that is foreordained, or predetermined.

**Whole Dude at Whole Foods cannot choose between Free Will and Determinism**

In the drama of human life and history, do we have the capacity to choose our Life? The issue of human freedom, and freedom in world may have to be reconciled with God’s omniscience, and omnipotence to understand as to what extent the will of an individual can and does determine some of his acts. If man is entirely dependent upon God’s power, can man make bad, or evil choices? Do we need divine grace for both meritorious, and even bad acts? How to define the problem of the universal supposition of responsibility for personal actions? Can there be Freedom in the absence of Divine Providence, and Divine Grace?

Determinism vs Free Will:

This Kid is apparently has Free Will and can choose to get wet in the rain. He can also choose to remain under a shade and keep dry. This ability to choose is operated by an external contingency called rain. Does man have the natural ability to make choices in the face of all types of external contingencies. Plato held that actions are determined by the extent of a person's understanding, or reasoning. — Whole Dude at Whole Foods cannot choose between Free Will and Determinism. This Kid apparently has Free Will and can choose to get wet in the rain. He can also choose to remain under a shade and keep dry. This ability to choose is operated by an external contingency called rain. Does man have the natural ability to make choices in the face of all types of external contingencies? Plato held that actions are determined by the extent of a person’s understanding, or reasoning. The New Testament Book, The Epistle of Apostle Paul to Romans, Chapter 8, verses 28-30 describe the concept of “Predestination.” Verse# 30 reads: “Moreover, those He predestined, them He also called; those He called, them He also Justified; those He justified, them He also glorified.” I live in the expectation of finding this ‘glory’ in the eyes of God.

The term Free Will refers to the power or capacity to choose among alternatives. It refers to the ability to act in certain situations independently of natural, social, or divine restraints. Will is the factor which turns human thought into human action and behavior. Existentialist thinkers like Jean Paul Sartre speak about the concept of a radical, perpetual, and frequently agonizing freedom of choice. Sartre claims that man is “condemned to be free” even though his situation may be wholly determined. Behavioral psychologists hold the view that human action and behavior is determined by the nature of an external environmental stimulus.

Sigmund Freud held the view that human actions are determined by hidden mental causes which control their actions; “You have an illusion of a psychic freedom within you which you do not want to give up.” Freud recommends that this “deeply rooted belief in psychic freedom and choice” must be given up because it “is quite unscientific.” Man appears to be subject to the Law of Cause and Necessity, or is governed by a doctrine of Psychic Determinism.

The Doctrine of Predestination:

Martin Luther(November 10, 1483 to February 18, 1546), German theologian, leader of the Protestant Reformation held the view that everything is determined by God from the beginning. — Whole Dude at Whole Foods cannot choose between Free Will and Determinism. Martin Luther (November 10, 1483 to February 18, 1546), German theologian, leader of the Protestant Reformation held the view that everything is determined by God from the beginning.

John Calvin(1509 - 1564), French Protestant theologian of the Reformation held the view that human free will is predetermined. While rejecting the role of free will, Calvinism maintains that God's grace is irresistible. — Whole Dude at Whole Foods cannot choose between Free Will and Determinism.John Calvin (1509 – 1564), French Protestant theologian of the Reformation held the view that human free will is predetermined. While rejecting the role of free will, Calvinism maintains that God’s grace is irresistible.

**Whole Dude at Whole Foods cannot choose between Free Will and Determinism. Aquino’s held the view of God’s omnipotence does not include the predetermination of human will.**

Saint Thomas Aquinas held the view that God’s omnipotence does not include the predetermination of human will. The Roman Catholic Church teaches that predestination is consistent with free will since God moves the soul according to its nature. Do I make my own choices while God foreordained my circumstances? Does God have foreknowledge of my reaction to His Choice? If God foreordained the circumstances, the choices, and the destiny of the person according to His Perfect Will, how to explain the exercise of free will? It appears to me that God may elect or predestinate the circumstances of a person and make a choice on His own initiative on the basis of His knowing in advance the reactions of the person to His Will. Man’s free will is like the game of chess; man can make his moves while playing the game according to God’s plan while God is the second Player with whom man has to contend.

Whole Dude at Whole Foods discovers the Whole Connection – The Red Blood Cell connects the Body, Mind and Soul

The Designing of the Red Blood Cell

Yes Indeed, Life is Complicated. The complexity of Life involves the use of a very complex predetermined plan to design the tissues, the organs, and the organ systems of the entire human organism from a single, fertilized egg cell that divides and differentiates into a most complex variety of cells which perform very specialized functions. The Red Blood Cell provides the connective linkage to sustain the living functions of the trillions of the building blocks of the human body.

The spiritual nature of the Red Blood Cell Design. The Whole Person, The Whole Man, The Whole Body, Mind, and Spirit, The Whole Dude, or the entire human organism is derived from this single, fertilized Egg Cell which I describe as “The Whole Cell.”

What it is to be a Substance? and What it is to Exist? We need to establish knowledge about the man and the world on a firm basis and the information it provides must be tested for its accuracy and consistency with an external reality. We have to make the fundamental distinction between the living and the non-living matter. The scientific advances of the 19th and 20th centuries reinforced the materialistic position concerning the basic similarity of organic living and inorganic physical matter. The man is viewed as a product of natural evolution and is thought to be subject to the same laws of Physics and Chemistry or mechanistic principles.

We need a methodology to study philosophy and to understand philosophical statements. Logical Positivism, also known as Scientific Empiricism aims to clarify concepts in both everyday and scientific language. It describes analysis of language as the function of philosophy. This analysis of language and of concepts is important to understand questions of belief and ideology which affect what we think we ought to do individually and socially. I use this method of ‘Applied Philosophy’ to analyze the concept of Spiritual Optics, the Spiritual Connection between Energy and Life. The Laws of Thermodynamics are important unifying principles of Biology. The First Law of Thermodynamics, also known as the Law of Conservation of Energy, states that Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Spiritual Optics accounts for the capacity of photoreception and the term Spiritual Light refers to the creation of Light by God to begin the designing of Matter, the designing of the Living Matter which lives by consuming Matter called Food which is created by the use of the creative mechanism called Photosynthesis. The Substance called Food describes the activities of Life. The Red Blood Cell delivers Oxygen molecules for the oxidation of food substances.

WholeDude - WholeDesigner - Red Blood Cells: In multicellular organisms, cells with the same genes must differentiate into many types. Complex control mechanisms determine which genes are active in a given cell at a given time. Human life begins as a single fertilized Egg Cell. The multicellular organism grows and develops as it has definite capabilities for differentiation. The "Design" of cells has been modified to serve the specialized functions of tissues and organs that comprise the human body. Red Blood Cells are "designed" to perform their highly specialized functions. — The spiritual nature of the Red Blood Cell Design: In multicellular organisms, cells with the same genes must differentiate into many types. Complex control mechanisms determine which genes are active in a given cell at a given time. Human life begins as a single fertilized Egg Cell. The multicellular organism grows and develops as it has definite capabilities for differentiation. The “Design” of cells has been modified to serve the specialized functions of tissues and organs that comprise the human body. The Red Blood Cells are “designed” to perform their highly specialized functions.

If a man is viewed as a multicellular organism, the human subject finds his objective existence because of the living functions of the cells, tissues, and organ systems that provide the biological basis for that existence. In multicellular eukaryotes, cells with the same genes must differentiate into many types. Multicellularity is accomplished by definite capabilities for differentiation. The functional differentiation is not a simple process that can be called adaptation. To achieve differentiation, complex control mechanisms determine which genes are active in a given cell at a given time.

The spiritual nature of the Red Blood Cell Design: Man, the entire human organism is derived from a single, fertilized Egg Cell. How does this complex multicellular organism knows its own Identity and Individuality?

The “Design” of cells has been modified by a predetermined plan to serve the specialized function of tissues and organs. The structural differentiation and the functional organization of various organ systems makes a man a very complex living organism. It must be clearly understood that the living cell is a thermodynamically unstable system. This means that without a continuous input of energy, a cell will degrade spontaneously into a nonliving collection of molecules. The cells that comprise the human organism derive their energy by oxidation of food substances such as glucose. The cells of the body require oxygen to obtain the energy stored in food substances. The loss of oxygen is very critical as there is no means of storing oxygen in the human body. During the entire course of human life, the human body requires continuous delivery of oxygen to its various cells, tissues, and organs.

The Red Blood Cells display functional subordination to the requirements of the organism as a Whole. Altruism is a theory of conduct that regards the good of others as the end of moral action. The Red Blood Cells have very short, individual lifespans and the entire period of their existence involves unselfish concern for the welfare of other cells.

The Red Blood Cell – Erythrocyte -The Red Corpuscle:

WholeDude - WholeDesigner - Red Blood Cell: Erythropoiesis. Red Blood Cells are formed in the bone marrow. Hemoglobin Synthesis begins during yhe Proerythroblast stage of the RBC Cycle. Heme synthesis takes place in the mitochondria and the protein, globin molecule is synthesized in ribosomes. The mature Red Cells have no nuclei, and no intracellular organelles like the mitochondria and the ribosomes. — The spiritual nature of the Red Blood Cell Design: Erythropoiesis. Red Blood Cells are formed in the bone marrow. Hemoglobin Synthesis begins during the Proerythroblast stage of the RBC Cycle. Heme synthesis takes place in the mitochondria and the protein, globin molecule is synthesized in ribosomes. The mature Red Cells have no nuclei, and no intracellular organelles like the mitochondria and the ribosomes.

WholeDude - WholeDesigner - Red Blood Cell: Red Blood Cells are packed with hemoglobin. Each Red Cell contains over 600 million hemoglobin molecules. — The spiritual nature of the Red Blood Cell Design: Red Blood Cells are packed with hemoglobin. Each Red Cell contains over 600 million hemoglobin molecules. A normal man has about 5 liters of blood containing more than 25 trillion Red Blood Cells. Each lives for about 100 to 120 days. Red Blood Cells sustain their meager energy needs by a form of anaerobic respiration. If man is viewed as a biotic community of cells, Red Cells show no concern for their individual gains or losses and they serve and contribute to the continuation of the Whole community.

Red Blood Cells, or Erythrocytes, or Red Corpuscles are tiny, flat, round, biconcave disks, with depressed center, averaging 7.5 microns in diameter. In its profile view, the Red Blood Cell appears dumbell-shaped. A normal man has about 5 liters of blood containing more than 25 trillion Red Blood Cells. There are about 5.2 million Red Blood Cells per cubic millimeter of blood in adult humans. The normal lifespan of Red Cells is only about 100 to 120 days. More than 200 billion Red Cells are normally destroyed each day by the spleen and must be replaced. The creation of new Red Cells and their subsequent destruction proceeds during all the days of human life. The Red Cells give the blood its characteristic color. The cell is flexible and can change its shape to pass through extremely small blood vessels. It is covered with a membrane composed of lipids and proteins. The mature Red Blood Cells lacks a nucleus and hence cannot divide into new daughter cells. The mature Red Blood Cell also lacks intracellular organelles called mitochondria which provide energy for metabolic functions. During the course of its development and maturation, the nucleus and mitochondria disappear from the Red Cell. The amount of oxygen required by the Red Cell for its own metabolism is very low. The Red Cell shows the features of a careful design or plan that makes it to perform its function of delivering oxygen with great efficiency. In invertebrate organisms, the oxygen-carrying pigment called Heme is found in a free state in the plasma for they lack the Red Blood Cells. The concentration of Heme pigment and the biconcave shape of the Red Blood Cell makes it very efficient to perform the function of exchange of gases; the Red Cell can deliver almost all of its oxygen it carries and free it into the tissues where there is demand for oxygen and its shape allows oxygen exchange at a constant rate over the largest possible area.

WholeDude - WholeDesigner - Red Blood Cell: The Red Cell has the ability to work as an oxygen sensor and it also has the ability to modulate the tone of the blood vessel in which it travels passively. By initiating a mechanism, the Red Cell can cause an effect called vasodilatation that would increase the flow of blood in microvasculature to meet the local tissue oxygen demand. — The spiritual nature of the Red Blood Cell Design: The Red Cell has the ability to work as an oxygen sensor and it also has the ability to modulate the tone of the blood vessel in which it travels passively. By initiating a mechanism, the Red Cell can cause an effect called vasodilation that would increase the flow of blood in blood vessels to meet the local tissue oxygen demand.

WholeDude - Whole Designer - Red Blood Cell: The Red Cells move passively in the blood circulation, but can actively interact with the blood vessel in response to the oxygen tension of the tissues. These interactions are helped by PR(Purinergic Receptor), Erythrocyte-derived Adenosine triphosphate(ATP), Gi(Heterotrimeric G Protein), cAMP(3'5'-Adenosine monophosphate), PKA(Protein Kinase A), CFTR(Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, ? undientified conduit for ATP release + stimulation. Through oxygen-dependent release of the vasodilator ATP, signal transduction within the RBC and microvessels, the SMC(the smooth muscle cell) of the blood vessel is stimulated to dilate. The signals pass through the Endo(endothelium) or the cells that line the inner surface of the blood vessel. — The spiritual nature of the Red Blood Cell Design: The Red Cells move passively in the blood circulation, but can actively interact with the blood vessel in response to the oxygen tension of the tissues. These interactions are helped by PR(Purinergic Receptor), Erythrocyte-derived Adenosine triphosphate(ATP), Gi(Heterotrimeric G Protein), cAMP(3’5′-Adenosine monophosphate), PKA(Protein Kinase A), CFTR(Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, ? unidentified conduit for ATP release + stimulation. Through oxygen-dependent release of the vasodilator ATP, signal transduction within the RBC and microvessels, the SMC(the smooth muscle cell) of the blood vessel is stimulated to dilate. The signals pass through the Endo(endothelium) or the cells that line the inner surface of the blood vessel.

The main function of the Red Cells is to transport oxygen from the lungs to the tissues and organs of the entire human body. During the process of oxidation, the cells generate carbon dioxide as a waste product which must be removed. The Red Cells carry carbon dioxide to the lungs and release it to be returned to the atmospheric air. This is possible because of hemoglobin which forms unstable, reversible bond with oxygen; in the oxygenated state it is called Oxyhemoglobin and is bright red in color. When oxygen is delivered, in the reduced state the hemoglobin is purple-blue and this color can be easily noticed from the color of the veins that return blood to heart from various parts of the body. Asphyxiation occurs when the blood contains an excess of substances like carbon dioxide, and carbon monoxide with which hemoglobin forms semipermanent or permanent compounds instead of reversible bonds that hemoglobin forms with oxygen.

WholeDude - WholeDesigner - Red Blood Cell: The Red Blood Cell is designed to efficiently perform its specialized functions. — **The spiritual nature of the Red Blood Cell Design: The Red Blood Cell is designed to efficiently perform its specialized functions.**

WholeDude - WholeDesigner - Red Blood Cell: The regulation of oxygen delivery. — The spiritual nature of the Red Blood Cell Design:The regulation of oxygen delivery. The Red Cell Membrane transport protein “Band 3” uses ion exchange transport mechanism to promote the release of oxygen from hemoglobin.

WholeDude - WholeDesigner - Red Blood Cell: Oxygen Delivery — **The spiritual nature of the Red Blood Cell Design: Oxygen Delivery is carefully regulated to maintain it at appropriate amounts as both excess and shortage in delivery of oxygen can be harmful.**

WholeDude - WholeDesigner - Red Blood Cell: The Red Cell apart from delivering oxygen, plays a role in the regulation of blood flow. — The spiritual nature of the Red Blood Cell Design: The Red Cell apart from delivering oxygen, plays a role in the regulation of blood flow. Red Cells sequentially consume and release Nitric Oxide (NO) for control of blood flow in response to changing oxygen levels.

WholeDude - WholeDesigner - Red Blood Cell: Metabolic Sensor in Red Cell, Ion Exchange Transport mechanism, Release of Nitric Oxide to modulate Vascular tone and to cause vasodilation. — **The spiritual nature of the Red Blood Cell Design: Metabolic Sensor in Red Cell, Ion Exchange Transport mechanism, Release of Nitric Oxide to modulate Vascular tone and to cause vasodilation.**

Heme Pigment and Hemoglobin – The Magic of Creation:

WholeDude - Wholedesigner - Red Blood Cell: The Magic of Creation will be appreciated by simply comparing Hemoglobin molecule with Chlorophyll molecule. — The spiritual nature of the Red Blood Cell Design: The Magic of Creation will be appreciated by simply comparing the structure of Hemoglobin molecule with Chlorophyll molecule. The affinity of Hemoglobin molecule for oxygen is predetermined by the ability of Chlorophyll molecule to trap radiant energy which is converted into chemical energy during the photosynthetic reaction. These molecules perform goal-oriented, sequential actions to achieve a predetermined purpose. Living things obtain energy not because of random, unguided, interactions of chemical molecules.

WholeDude - WholeDesigner - Red Blood Cell: The designing effect of pigments. Among biochromes, Heme, and Chlorophyll are the most important pigment substances that provide a striking contrast in color while having similar molecular structures. — The spiritual nature of the Red Blood Cell Design: The designing effect of pigments. Among biochromes, Heme, and Chlorophyll are the most important pigment substances that provide a striking contrast in color while having similar molecular structures.

WholeDesigner-Hemoglobin — The spiritual nature of the Red Blood Cell Design: The four subunits( 2 alpha, and 2 beta chains) of tetrameric Hemoglobin molecules. The synthesis of these chains need genetic information derived mainly from chromosomes 16 and 11. The Magic of Creation will be appreciated when its structure and function is compared with the structure and function of Chlorophyll molecules that impart green color to plants.

WholeDude - WholeDesigner - Red Blood Cell: Heme is a respiratory pigment found in the Red Blood Cells of all vertebrates and some invertebrates. Pigment is a substance that implants color to materials. Plants derive their green color from Chlorophyll pigment, and blood derives it red color from Heme pigment. Both Chlorophyll and Heme are similar molecules containing ring structures called Porphyrins. Chlorophyll contains Magnesium and Heme contains Iron that imparts the red color. — The spiritual nature of the Red Blood Cell Design: Heme is a respiratory pigment found in the Red Blood Cells of all vertebrates and some invertebrates. Pigment is a substance that imparts color to materials. Plants derive their green color from Chlorophyll pigment, and blood derives it red color from Heme pigment. Both Chlorophyll and Heme are similar molecules containing ring structures called Porphyrins. Chlorophyll contains Magnesium and Heme contains Iron that imparts the red color.

Adult hemoglobin is an alpha(2):beta(2) tetrameric hemeprotein; a combination of heme and the protein component called globin. Each subunit of a hemoglobin tetramer has a heme prosthetic group. The variations in amino acid composition impart marked differences in hemoglobin’s oxygen carrying properties. The quaternary structure of hemoglobin leads to physiologically important allosteric interactions between the subunits. Oxygen is incrementally loaded into the four subunits. In deoxygenated tissue, oxygen is incrementally unloaded from the four subunits and the affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is reduced. Thus at the lowest oxygen tensions found in very active tissues, the bonding affinity of hemoglobin for oxygen is very low allowing maximal delivery of oxygen to the tissues. To maintain the status called good and positive health, the cells, tissues, and organs of the multicellular human organism have to be interacting with each other in a harmonious manner. These interactions during normal, good health display characteristics such as mutual assistance, mutual cooperation, mutual tolerance, and mutual functional subordination to provide a benefit to the human individual who lives because of the functions of the cells, tissues, and organs that comprise his human body.

Spiritual Biotic Interactions – The Role of Red Blood Cells:

WholeDude - WholeDesigner - Red Blood Cell: The nature of Spiritual Biotic Interactions that maintain man's existence can be studied by knowing the role of Red Blood Cells and their interaction with the tissues, and organs of the entire human body. — The spiritual nature of the Red Blood Cell Design: The nature of Spiritual Biotic Interactions that maintain the man’s existence can be studied by knowing the role of Red Blood Cells and their interaction with the tissues, and organs of the entire human body.

The terrestrial human organism represents a biotic, or biological community of about 100 trillion, individual, independent, mostly autonomous living cells that participate in constant interactions with each other. These interactions at cellular level are dependent upon the cognitive nature of the living cell. The living cell has the ability to recognize the presence of other cells in its immediate, external environment. The life of all of the cells in this biotic community that forms the human body requires energy input from an external source. The term “Spiritual” describes a relationship, a partnership, an association, a bonding, or a connection between two living entities that can formulate an interaction that can display features such as assistance, cooperation, tolerance, subservience, subordination, sympathy, and compassion to provide some benefit to the partner that is participating in the biotic interaction.

The Red Blood Cells interact with the cells of tissues, and organs of human body to provide them a service, assistance, or a benefit without seeking any benefit in return. The Red Blood Cells do not seek to reproduce, have very minimal requirement for energy and willingly deliver oxygen to the tissues and relieve them from the burden imposed by the waste products of their metabolic activities. The ‘spiritual’ nature of such interaction is a reflection of the ‘spiritual’ nature of the Creator of the living entities who could be called the Whole Artist, the Whole Designer, or the Whole Architect who meticulously planned and instituted the mechanisms and provided the necessary tools for such varied interdependent, and interrelated interactions between living cells. Thus, the Red Blood Cells constitute the principal stabilizing, connective linkage among the trillions of living cells that comprise the biological community which gets recognized as the human being.

Musings on Whole Bondage of Free Will on October 31, 2025

MARTIN LUTHER POSTS 95 THESES – OCT 31, 1517

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Physics of Spirituality Science – Love is a Fundamental Force

Rudolf Virchow is reborn as Whole Dude to describe the spiritual connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider

Spiritualism – The Cell Theory of Spirituality

The Cell Theory of Spirituality

Protoplasm – The Ground Substance of Spiritualism and Spirituality

The Inheritance of Cytoplasmic Membrane or Cell or Plasma Membrane:

The Spirituality of Substance, Function, Organization, Action and Interactions:

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Whole Optics: The Science of Spiritual Optics

The Science of Optics-Spiritual Light-Spiritual Optics-God is Light:

What is Color and What is Coloration?

Biological Coloration:

The Optical and Non-Optical Functions of Coloration:

Spiritual Light – Spiritual Optics:

The Colorful images of Spiritual Optics:

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Whole Dude’s Whole Theory of Man

Man–The Spectrum of Seven Colors

NEWTON’S THEORY OF LIGHT

3.1 Newton’s crucial experiment

3.2 Newton’s color spectrum

3.3 Criticism from the Royal Society

3.4 Huygens’ wave theory

3.5 Bartholin’s calcite crystals

3.6 Newton’s Opticks

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Identity and Individuality in the Multicellular Human Organism

John Charles Boileau Grant (1886–1973)

The Identity of Multicellular Human Organism:

Understanding Individuality:

The Law of Individuality:

Man is constituted as a Biotic Community of socially interacting cells and microbes

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The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Celebration of Deepavali on Monday, October 20, 2025.

What are the 5 days of Diwali in 2025?

What is the difference between Diwali and Deepavali?

Deepam Jyoti ParabrahmaDeepam Sarva tamopaham

Deepena Saadhyathe SarvamSandhya Deepam Namostute

Spirituality Science – Light of Lights – The Phenomenon of Illumination

The Phenomenon of Illumination – The Phenomenon of Knowing:

LIGHT OF LIGHTS

kiMjyotistavabhAnumAnahanimeraatraupradiipAdikaM.

syAdevaMravidIpadarshanavidhaukiMjyotirAkhyaahi me.

cakShustasyanimiilanAdisamayekiMdhiirdhiyodarshane.

kiMtatrAhamatobhavAnparamakamjyotistadasmiprabho.

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Whole Doctrine-Whole Existence-Whole Truth

What is Truth? Who am I? I am Consciousness:

The Three Dimensions of Truth:

Lord Jesus Christ – Truth as Revelation:

Lord Gautama Buddha – Truth as Experience:

Lord Rama – Truth in Action:

The Inquiry about Self – Who am I?

How to Discover the Truth about Self?

The Purpose of Science: The Knowledge about Self:

The Self and the Knowing-Self:

Thinking vs Consciousness:

The Individual: Identity and Individuality – The Two-Sides of the Same Coin:

Who am I? “I am Consciousness.”

“I am Consciousness.” – The Verification of the Proposition:

Human Knowledge and the Knowledge of Self:

Rudolf Virchow is reborn to describe the spiritual connection between the Cell and its Energy Provider

Spiritualism – The Cell Theory of Spirituality:

The Cell Theory of Spirituality:

Protoplasm – The Ground Substance of Spiritualism and Spirituality:

The Inheritance of Cytoplasmic Membrane or Cell or Plasma Membrane:

The Spirituality of Substance, Function, Organization, Action, and Interactions:

The Functional Anatomy of Atman-Soul-The Knowing-Self:

Mandukya Upanishad: Translation by Jayaram V

Mandukya Upanishad, seventh verse:

Shankara Bhashya (commentary)

Anandagiri Tika (glossary)

Frontiers of Psychology., 07 August 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01992

Consciousness Without Content: A Look at Evidence and Prospects

Narayanan Srinivasan1,2*

Introduction

A Model of Minimal Phenomenal Experience (MPE)

Deepam Jyoti Parabrahma
Deepam Sarva tamopaham

Deepena Saadhyathe Sarvam
Sandhya Deepam Namostute

Narayanan Srinivasan^1,2*