SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – ESTABLISHMENT NUMBER 22 – THE FUTURE OF TIBET

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – THE FUTURE OF TIBET:

November 07, 1961: The alliance between the United States, India, and Tibet dates back to late 1950s and early 1960s. This is an alliance in response to the military threat posed by People's Republic of China's occupation of Tibet.
November 07, 1961: The alliance between the United States, India, and Tibet dates back to late 1950s and early 1960s. This is an alliance in response to the military threat posed by People’s Republic of China’s occupation of Tibet.
November 07, 1961: People's Republic of China had attacked India during October-November 1962 to test the strength of this India-US relationship to support Tibet.
November 07, 1961: People’s Republic of China had attacked India during October-November 1962 to test the strength of this India-US relationship to support Tibet.
November 07, 1961: People's Republic of China had attacked India during October-November 1962 as the United States and India have expressed a sense of solidarity about the future of Tibet.
November 09, 1961: People’s Republic of China had attacked India during October-November 1962 as the United States and India have expressed a sense of solidarity about the future of Tibet.
1964 - NEW DELHI. A photo after the 1962 India - China War. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru is seen with His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, the Head of Tibetan Government-in-Exile. India firmly stands behind Tibet and along with the United States wants to find solution to the problem of military occupation of Tibet.
1964 – NEW DELHI. A photo after the 1962 India – China War. Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru is seen with His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, the Head of Tibetan Government-in-Exile. India firmly stands behind Tibet and along with the United States wants to find solution to the problem of military occupation of Tibet.

Special Frontier Force as a multinational military organization expresses the solidarity of the views shared by the United States, India, and Tibet in confronting the problem of Communist China’s expansionism. This policy has become less transparent when the United States began trade and commerce relationships with People’s Republic of China and had established full diplomatic relationships. India has also joined other nations seeking increased trade and commerce with Communist China while the issue of Tibet remains unsettled. India will never be able to resolve the border dispute with Communist China for we have taken a stand to defend the rights of Tibetan people to establish Freedom, Democracy, and Justice in the occupied territories of Tibet. During 1962, India paid a heavy price when China retaliated across the Himalayan frontier during October 1962. We must remember that China was forced to declare unilateral ceasefire on November 21, 1962 and withdrew from captured territory while holding Aksai Chin area of Ladakh region. China is now trying to capture the same territory that it had gained during its 1962 attack on India. China was forced to vacate its aggression because of a firm threat delivered by President John F. Kennedy and that threat is still a valid threat. China is taking a calculated risk to verify the strength of the US-India-Tibet military alliance/pact. India is able to show a sense of self-restraint as it knows that the frontier issue cannot be resolved without evicting the military occupier from Tibet. China has acquired great military capabilities. We have to remember as to how the Soviets had failed in Afghanistan despite their military power. To put China in its place, both India, the United States, and Europe must review their trade and commerce relationships with China and tell China that trade and commerce relationships will not continue without resolving the problem of Tibet’s future.

Rudra N Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
http://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Spirits-of-Special-Frontier-Force/362056613878227

SERVICE INFORMATION:

R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,
Personal Numbers:MS-8466/MR-03277K. Rank:Lieutenant/Captain/Major.
Branch:Army Medical Corps/Short Service Regular Commission(1969-1972); Direct Permanent Commission(1973-1984).
Designation:Medical Officer.
Unit:Establishment No.22(1971-1974)/South Column,Operation Eagle(1971-1972).
Organization: Special Frontier Force.

Living in denial is not how India should deal with China’s incursion

 

by Venky Vembu Apr 30, 2013
Any prospect of an early resolution of the stand-off in the high Himalayas between India and China may have been dashed by symptoms that suggest that the Chinese troops appear to be digging deeper into their trenches in the areas in Ladakh’s Depsang Valley, deep inside what India considers its territory.
The latest such provocation, in the form of a new tent that the Chinese troops have put up in Depsang Valley, puts paid to publicly articulated statements from Prime Minister Manmohan Singh that the tension was a “local issue” and would be resolved soon. External Affairs Minister Salman Khurshid too claimed that the tension will likely have been resolved even before he leaves for Beijing to prepare for Chinese Premier Li Keqiang’s upcoming visit to India. Hope, as has been famously said, isn’t a strategy, and the Indian leaders’ pronouncements only accentuate the sense that they are in public denial.
According to media reports, however, the Chinese troops have put up five tents so far, which suggests that they – and the military leadership under whose orders the troops on the ground are acting – are not making any effort to dial back the tension, and on the contrary are actively escalating it.

The Himalayas are no longer a high hurdle. Reuters
More provocatively, according to these reports, the Chinese troops are also waving banners establishing Chinese territorial rights to the area. “You are in (the) Chinese side,” proclaim these banners, which are evidently directed at the Indian troops that have set up camp nearby to keep watch on the Chinese soldiers.
The Indian government’s response to the crisis so far has been one of restraint in the face of public dares from the opposition to stand up for India’s territorial integrity. On Monday, Samajwadi Party leader Mulayam Singh Yadav, who served as Defence Minister, called the UPA government an assortment of colourful names to draw attention to its placidity in the face of the grave Chinese provocation. His characterisation of China – not Pakistan – as India’s real enemy may have been overly simplistic, and made with political calculations in mind.
Opposition leaders, of course, have the luxury of shooting off their mouths with blustery talk, without bearing any of the responsibility that comes with actual decision-making. And yet the perception that the UPA government has been less than robust in protecting national interests, and not just vis-a-vis China, is of course more widely shared.
Evidently, the Indian Army has provided the political leadership with a range of options that are open to it if the Chinese don’t fold up their tents and leave anytime soon. Presumably these options would involve cutting off the supply lines to these troops, which would put a cap on the number of days they can hold out here. More extreme options – of forcibly evicting the 30-or-so Chinese troops – would also have been considered, perhaps as part of a scenario-building exercise to draw up contingency plans. But that would truly be the option of the last resort, given the very real risk of a heightened conflict that it comes with.
There’s very little percentage for the Indian side in being drawn by the nose into a border conflict with a much stronger China. After all, it was an adventurist ‘forward policy’ that Jawaharlal Nehru embraced that led to the 1962 war. At that time too, Nehru was at the receiving end of much pillorying in Parliament by the opposition for his government’s naive “bhai-bhai” approach to China despite ample evidence that brotherly sentiment was not reciprocated. And although both countries have come a long way away from 1962, the irony of today’s situation is that it is the Chinese troops that are testing Indian resolve with their own unstated “forward policy’.
But having considered all of the options that the Army put on the table, the political leadership appears to have opted to go out of its way to signal to the Chinese that they are keen to avoid an escalation in the level of tension. Key interlocutors, including national security advisor Shivshankar Menon, who knows a thing or two about dealing with the Chinese and has invested much effort in building up goodwill in Beijing, are also counselling restraint.
There isn’t much to be said in favour of public posturing and drawing a line in the Himalayan heights from which one might soon have to scurry back. But there’s more than ample space for conveying to the Chinese side in private that the case for an early resolution of the border dispute – which Chinese President Xi Jinping said China is keen to see – isn’t exactly advanced by China inflaming public sentiment in India by changing the de facto arrangement that has been faithfully adhered to for decades now.
Perhaps this incursion was intended by the new Chinese leadership to signal Chinese frustration at the lack of progress in the talks on the border dispute despite years of negotiations. If that is so, it reflects raw power, not sagacity, and is insensitive to the consideration that this brinkmanship game actually makes it harder for the Indian side to make any concession, even if it is on a reciprocal basis.

Related articles

 

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – ESTABLISHMENT NUMBER 22 – FREEDOM IN TIBET

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – FREEDOM IN TIBET:

The real issue is that of Communist China’s military occupation of Tibet since 1950s. To resolve this problem, India has joined hands with the United States and has been consistently trying to provide a platform to the Tibetan exiles and help them to establish Freedom, Democracy, and Justice in Tibet. This military cooperation between the United States, India, and Tibet paved the way to a National Uprising Day in Tibet on March 10, 1959. This Movement to demand Freedom was crushed by the Chinese Communists and Tibet’s Head of State and the Spiritual Leader, His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama was forced to leave Tibet and live in exile. Further, People’s Republic of China retaliated against India for helping the Tibetan Resistance Movement. China launched a massive military attack on India along its entire Himalayan frontier. There can never be border settlement between India and China without resolving the problem of military occupation of Tibet.

 

Rudra N Rebbapragada, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA,

Organization: The Spirits of Special Frontier Force.

Special Frontier Force - Freedom in Tibet: Chinese incursions in Ladakh are a manifestation of the disease called military occupation of Tibet.
Special Frontier Force – Freedom in Tibet: Chinese incursions in Ladakh are a manifestation of the disease called military occupation of Tibet.
Special Frontier Force - Freedom in Tibet: The real issue between China and India is not that of demarcation of international boundary or recognition of a Line of Actual Control. This Himalayan frontier will remain undefined until Freedom, Democracy, and Justice are established in the occupied Land of Tibet.
Special Frontier Force – Freedom in Tibet: The real issue between China and India is not that of demarcation of international boundary or recognition of a Line of Actual Control. This Himalayan frontier will remain undefined until Freedom, Democracy, and Justice are established in the occupied Land of Tibet.

 

Ladakh incursion: Is China taking advantage of India’s leadership deficit & political disarray? –

 

ECONOMIC TIMES

28 Apr, 2013, 07.21AM IST

Ladakh incursion: China taking advantage of India’s leadership deficit & political disarray

 

 

Ladakh incursion: China taking advantage of India’s leadership deficit & political disarray

By Brahma Chellaney.

 

With China’s “peaceful rise” giving way to a more muscular approach, Beijing has broadened its “core interests” and exhibited a growing readiness to take risks. As if to highlight its new multi directional assertiveness, China’s occupation of a 19-km deep Indian border area close to the strategic Karakoram Pass has coincided with its escalating challenge to Japan’s decades-old control of the Senkaku Islands. China is aggressively conducting regular patrols to solidify its sovereignty claims in the South and East China seas and to furtively enlarge its footprint in the Himalayan borderlands.

In this light, it will be a mistake to view the Chinese intrusion in Ladakh in isolation of the larger pattern of increasing Chinese assertiveness that began when Beijing revived its long-dormant claim to Arunachal Pradesh just before the 2006 India visit by its president, Hu Jintao. The resurrection of that claim, which was followed by its provoking territorial spats with several other neighbours, was the first pointer to China staking out a more domineering role in Asia. It was as if China had decided that its moment has finally arrived.

Deep Betrayal

Playing a game of chicken, China has been posing major new challenges to India, ratcheting up strategic pressure on multiple flanks, including stepping up cross-border military forays and shortening the length of the Sino-Indian border so as to question India’s territorial sovereignty in the eastern and western sectors. It has repeatedly attempted to breach the Himalayan border through incursions by taking advantage of the fact that the frontier is vast and forbidding and thus difficult to effectively patrol by Indian forces, who are located in many sections on the lower heights. When an incursion is discovered, Beijing’s refrain — as in the present episode — is that its troops are on “Chinese land”.

Still, the intrusion into a highly strategic area shows India’s political and army leadership in poor light and exposes the country’s floundering China policy.

Along with the subsequent violation of Indian airspace by Chinese helicopters in Ladakh, it brings out how China is seeking to alter the realities on the ground by exploiting India’s leadership deficit and political disarray, which have crimped military modernisation and undermined national security. The question the Indian army leadership must answer is how it was caught napping in a militarily critical area where, in the recent past, China repeatedly had made attempts to encroach on Indian land.

Indian Lethargy

Instead of regular Indian army troops patrolling the line of control, border police have been deployed. The Indo-Tibetan Border Police personnel, with their defensive training and mindset, are no match to the aggressive designs of the People’s Liberation Army and thus continue to be outwitted by them. Even in response to the incursion, the government has sent ITBP and Ladakh Scouts, not regular army troops, to pitch tents at a safe distance from the intruders’ camp.

Worse yet, India remains focused on the process than on the substance of diplomacy, even as China steps up its belligerence. Process is important but only if it buys you time to build countervailing leverage. Unfortunately, a rudderless India has made little effort to craft such leverage. Rather, New Delhi is playing right into Chinese hands by merely flaunting the process of engagement and thereby aiding Beijing’s strategy to use this process as cover to further change the status quo on the ground.

India’s defensive and diffident mindset has been on full display in the latest episode. Not only has it publicly downplayed an act of naked aggression — the worst Chinese intrusion since the 1986 Sumdorong Chu incursion brought the two countries to the brink of war — but India also insists on going with an outstretched hand to an adversary still engaged in hostile actions, unconcerned that it could get the short end of the stick yet again.Missing Political Will

India should be under no illusion that diplomacy alone will persuade China to withdraw its soldiers. One way to force China’s hand would be for the Indian army to intrude and occupy a highly strategic area elsewhere across the line of control and use that gain as a trade-off.

More fundamentally, India can maintain border peace only by leaving China in no doubt that it has the capability and political will to defend peace. If the Chinese see an opportunity to nibble at Indian land, they will seize it. It is for India to ensure that such opportunities do not arise. In other words, the Himalayan peace ball is very much in India’s court. India must have a clear counter-strategy to tame Chinese aggressiveness. Tibet remains at the core of the Sino-Indian divide, with India’s growing strategic ties with the US rankling China. Even as old rifts persist, new issues are roiling the ties.

Booming bilateral trade, including a widening trade surplus in China’s favour, has failed to subdue Chinese belligerence. Although in 1962 China set out, in the words of premier, Zhou Enlai, to “teach India a lesson”, it has frittered away the political gains it made by decisively defeating India on the battleground. Indeed, as military tensions rise and border incidents increase, the relationship risks coming full circle.

Vajpayee’s Cut

To build countervailing leverage, India has little choice but to slowly reopen the central issue of Tibet — a card New Delhi wholly surrendered at the altar of diplomacy during the time Atal Bihari Vajpayee was prime minister. Of course, the process of surrendering the card began under Jawaharlal Nehru when India in 1954 recognised the “Tibet region of China” without any quid pro quo — not even Beijing’s acceptance of the then prevailing Indo-Tibetan border.

Vajpayee’s recognition of full Chinese sovereignty over Tibet was based on Beijing’s acknowledgement that Tibet is an “autonomous region” in China. The fact that China has squashed Tibet’s autonomy creates an opening for India to take a more nuanced position.

More broadly, China’s “string of pearls” strategy can be countered by forming a “string of rapiers” with like-minded Asian-Pacific countries. At the root of the growing tensions and insecurity in Asia is China’s ongoing strategy to subvert the status quo. Only mutually beneficial cooperation can shield Asian peace and economic renaissance, not muscle flexing and furtive moves.

(The writer is a geostrategist and author. His book “Water: Asia’s New Battleground” won the 2012 Bernard Schwartz Book Award)

Related articles

 

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – ESTABLISHMENT NUMBER 22 – THE WAR ON COMMUNISM

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – THE WAR ON COMMUNISM:

Special Frontier Force - The War on Communism: Chinese military incursion into India demands a response. Expel Chinese nationals visiting India.
Special Frontier Force – The War on Communism: Chinese military incursion into India demands a response. Expel Chinese nationals visiting India.
Special Frontier Force-The War on Communism: There can be no friendship between India, and China without Freedom and Democracy in Tibet.(Bumla Pass-Arunachal Pradesh)
Special Frontier Force-The War on Communism: There can be no friendship between India, and China without Freedom and Democracy in Tibet.(Bumla Pass-Arunachal Pradesh)
Special Frontier Force-The War on Communism: Chinese incursion into Ladakh is a symptom of the military occupation of Tibet. The cure of this disease demands establishment of Freedom and Democracy in Tibet.
Special Frontier Force-The War on Communism: Chinese incursion into Ladakh is a symptom of the military occupation of Tibet. The cure of this disease demands establishment of Freedom and Democracy in Tibet.

 

Special Frontier Force-The War on Communism: Chinese presence in Ladakh must not be tolerated.
Special Frontier Force-The War on Communism: Chinese presence in Ladakh must not be tolerated.
Special Frontier Force-The War on Communism: Chinese attack on Ladakh demands a military, diplomatic, trade, and commerce retaliation.
Special Frontier Force-The War on Communism: Chinese attack on Ladakh demands a military, diplomatic, trade, and commerce retaliation.
Special Frontier Force-The War on Communism: Evidence of Red Dragon's military attack inside Ladakh-India.
Special Frontier Force-The War on Communism: Evidence of Red Dragon’s military attack inside Ladakh-India.

Special Frontier Force also known as Establishment No. 22 is a military alliance/pact between the United States, India, and Tibet. Its primary mission is that of using military force and tactics to fight the threat posed by the Communist Expansion in Southeast Asia. This multinational military organization intends to defend Freedom, Democracy, and Justice in the occupied Land of Tibet and resist the Communist Expansion into India. It is not a relic of Cold War era. The military threat posed by Communist China is well-recognized and there is no choice other than that of meeting this challenge. To respond to the challenge posed by Communist China’s military incursion into the Ladakh area of India, I would recommend the following actions:

1. Expel all Chinese nationals who are currently in India for travel, and business.

2. Cancel all planned official meetings, visits, and exchanges.

3. Reduce the size of diplomatic staff and other support personnel at all Chinese diplomatic missions and posts in India.

4. Review all trade and commerce agreements and place immediate restrictions on further expansion of these business activities.

5. Hold joint military training exercises in Ladakh region with members drawn from the United States, India, and Tibet.

Rudra N Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
http://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Spirits-of-Special-Frontier-Force/362056613878227

SERVICE INFORMATION:

R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,
Personal Numbers:MS-8466/MR-03277K. Rank:Lieutenant/Captain/Major.
Branch:Army Medical Corps/Short Service Regular Commission(1969-1972); Direct Permanent Commission(1973-1984).
Designation:Medical Officer.
Unit:Establishment No.22(1971-1974)/South Column,Operation Eagle(1971-1972).
Organization: Special Frontier Force.

Related articles

 

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – ESTABLISHMENT NUMBER 22 – US-INDIA-TIBET MILITARY ALLIANCE

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – US-INDIA-TIBET MILITARY ALLIANCE:

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE - THE US-INDIA-TIBET MILITARY ALLIANCE MUST RESPOND TO CHINESE INTRUSION BY CONDUCTING JOINT MILITARY TRAINING EXERCISES IN THIS AREA. Chinese Communists are trying to depict their military intrusion as an innocent play of cricket deep inside Indian territory. These Chinese soldiers are not in uniform and are not holding weapons and yet this is a clear military challenge that the Alliance must accept and respond with vigor.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – THE US-INDIA-TIBET MILITARY ALLIANCE MUST RESPOND TO CHINESE INTRUSION BY CONDUCTING JOINT MILITARY TRAINING EXERCISES IN THIS AREA. Chinese Communists are trying to depict their military intrusion as an innocent play of cricket deep inside Indian territory. These Chinese soldiers are not in uniform and are not holding weapons and yet this is a clear military challenge that the Alliance must accept and respond with vigor.

India must firmly respond to Chinese intrusion in the Ladakh Sector and must hold joint military training exercises with US Army to defend peace and security in Southeast Asia. Major General Vinod Saighal(Retd) has shared his view and is of the opinion that waiting may irreversibly compromise India’s Security Interests.

Rudra N Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
http://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Spirits-of-Special-Frontier-Force/362056613878227

SERVICE INFORMATION:

R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,
Personal Numbers:MS-8466/MR-03277K. Rank:Lieutenant/Captain/Major.
Branch:Army Medical Corps/Short Service Regular Commission(1969-1972); Direct Permanent Commission(1973-1984).
Designation:Medical Officer.
Unit:Establishment No.22(1971-1974)/South Column,Operation Eagle(1971-1972).
Organization: Special Frontier Force.

Ladakh: The Perspective that is Missing

April 28, 2013 by Team SAISA

Filed under Analysis, foreign policy

Major General Vinod Saighal (Retd)

Waiting for the long haul may irreversibly compromise India’s Security Interests
It is amazing that while a potentially strategic vulnerability is being created with each passing day on the DBO front in Ladakh and possibly elsewhere as well the Foreign Minister of India in his wisdom chooses to call it a minor blip, an acne that will soon disappear.
Disappear it will not and by the time the Foreign Minister returns from Beijing an element of irreversibility and potential future untenability of positions in Siachen could conceivably have been created. It would hardly be an exaggeration to say that every hour that a well-thought out military response by top commanders on the ground is delayed the situation becomes more and more difficult.
In the process the government through its vacillation is leaving everybody confused. Leaving senior military commanders tasked with the defence of Ladakh or for that matter any other sector bereft of initiative is an invitation to disaster; minute-to-minute micro-management from the top not being the answer. That the present incursion does not fall into the category of routine Chinese incursions is clear to all military commanders and defence analysts. It is a given that Chinese incursions have been increasing, sometime on a daily basis, in direct proportion to the government’s response of playing them down or denying that they have taken place.
Lack of condemnation and allowing even minimal freedom of action to military commanders only emboldens the other side who have taken the full measure of the government and its functioning. It is nobody’s contention that an asymmetrically enfeebled army should not exercise extreme caution; the army commanders being more than aware of their vulnerability due to gaps in infrastructure and the delay in critical military acquisitions that should have been in place by now or even the lack of a riposte capability that should have been in place ages ago.
More importantly, what the government and its strategic planners do not appreciate is the impression that is being made on the rest of the world by its flip-flop policies in the face of continued Chinese aggravations. They have seen that India has already ceded control on its periphery on the subcontinent in several countries of SAARC. A few years earlier under pressure from the US and the West it had jeopardized its most advantageous relationship with Iran by unnecessarily and unprovoked voting against it in Vienna. Other decisions that indicated to the world that the government may not be in control of its foreign policy followed.
Having ceded strategic space to China on its West, what exactly is the government’s response to the latest provocation by China indicating to its strategic partners in East Asia; with whom strategic defence agreements should have been taken to greater heights by now. A policy of keeping all options open simply means that when the crunch comes no option is available to be exercised. Specifically, Japan, Vietnam and several other potential strategic partners to India’s east are watching and waiting; wondering whether it has the resolve to protect its own interest in the first instance, before calculating its ability to come to their assistance should the need arise.
From day one instead of dithering and hamstringing military commanders on the ground the incursion in DBO to a depth of 19 kms demanded an immediate and robust response. It is akin to fire fighting. A blaze can be put out by the effort of a single man or few people in the first few minutes; after more than 10 to 15 minutes it would require far greater fire fighting resources to get it under control; and after about thirty minutes or so it can often become completely uncontrollable.
The government cannot be pardoned for disallowing the immediate fire fighting actions to remove the Chinese incursion. Instead of leaving it to the military commanders to deal with the situation it took it upon itself to show its diplomatic consummate-ness. It will send its foreign minister who has actually pushed off in the reverse direction for the time being to Beijing after another 10 or 12 days, thereby allowing the aggressors time to consolidate their incursion and dig in deeper. Meanwhile asking the army to take up positions opposite them in its own territory and do nothing to evict them while it would be possible to do so with minimal force.
To the armed forces, to the people of India, and to the world the foreign minister of India is not going to the Chinese capital to demand a pull-back. He is seen to be going to Beijing as a supplicant. As in the days of yore the imperial power may graciously oblige its vassal. The country will not know as to what concessions the minister would have been authorised to concede that would further undermine India’s capability in the future. Flowing from it, it could be well on the cards that during the Chinese Prime Minister’s visit some public pronouncements that the country can live with would be made. Nobody would be deceived that once again India would have been humiliated.
India still has a range of options to make China see reason without losing face. It hardly matters that India loses face, the country having been inured to it, used to it and reconciled to it by now. If these options are not exercised early enough – timing always being of the essence – India’s humiliation would have been compounded and its military position further degraded. What is worse the status quo might conceivably turn out to be freezing of positions as obtaining on the date of the agreement; meaning thereby the new LAC on the DBO sector would be 19 kms within Indian Territory.
Major General Vinod Saighal (Retd) is the author of Revitalising Indian Democracy, Restructuring Pakistan and Third millenium Equipoise. This article first appeared in The Statesman of Apr 28.

Related articles

 

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – ESTABLISHMENT NUMBER 22 – MILITARY CONFLICT WITH CHINA

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – MILITARY CONFLICT WITH CHINA:

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE - THE MILITARY CONFLICT WITH CHINA: India cannot reconcile with People's Republic of China's military occupation of Tibet. On April 15, 2013 Indians have discovered evidence of China's military expansionism in the sector called Daulat Beg Oldi of India's Ladakh region.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – THE MILITARY CONFLICT WITH CHINA: India cannot reconcile with People’s Republic of China’s military occupation of Tibet. On April 15, 2013 Indians have discovered evidence of China’s military expansionism in the sector called Daulat Beg Oldi of India’s Ladakh region.

 

India has no official boundary with People's Republic of China. The Red Dragon wants to legalize its military occupation of Tibet and other territories taking full advantage of its military and economic strength. China's military expansionism is a bubble and it will burst as China attempts to further increase its size.
India has no official boundary with People’s Republic of China. The Red Dragon wants to legalize its military occupation of Tibet and other territories taking full advantage of its military and economic strength. China’s military expansionism is a bubble and it will burst as China attempts to further increase its size.

I am pleased to share the essay,’Lesson from an Unsettled Boundary’, written by Manoj Joshi (a Distinguished Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi) that is published in India’s national newspaper ‘The Hindu’ in its edition dated April 27, 2013 with my readers. It is not a big surprise that the boundary between India and China is not settled. It should remain undecided as India cannot reconcile with People’s Republic of China’s military occupation of Tibet. India has no border with China. There is a border dispute between Tibet and China and that is an issue that could be resolved when Special Frontier Force, the military alliance/pact between the United States, India, and Tibet accomplishes its primary mission of evicting the occupier from the Land and territories of Tibet.

Rudra N Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
http://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Spirits-of-Special-Frontier-Force/362056613878227

SERVICE INFORMATION:

R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,
Personal Numbers:MS-8466/MR-03277K. Rank:Lieutenant/Captain/Major.
Branch:Army Medical Corps/Short Service Regular Commission(1969-1972); Direct Permanent Commission(1973-1984).
Designation:Medical Officer.
Unit:Establishment No.22(1971-1974)/South Column,Operation Eagle(1971-1972).
Organization: Special Frontier Force

 

 

Lesson from an unsettled boundary

Manoj Joshi – The Hindu April 27, 2013

The reality is that the Line of Actual Control between India and China is notional and has not been put down on any mutually agreed map
(The writer is a Distinguished Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi)
In 1950, the Survey of India issued a map of India showing the political divisions of the new republic. While the border with Pakistan was defined as it is now, including the Pakistan-occupied Kashmir area, the borders with China were depicted differently. In the east, the McMahon Line was shown as the border, except in its eastern extremity, the Tirap subdivision, where the border was shown as “undefined.” In the Central sector of what is now Uttarakhand and Himachal Pradesh and the eastern part of Jammu & Kashmir, including Aksai Chin, the boundary was depicted merely by a colour wash and denoted as “boundary undefined.”
Unilateral act
In March 1954, the Union Cabinet met and decided to unilaterally define the border of India with China. The colour wash was replaced by a hard-line, and the Survey of India issued a new map, which depicts the borders as we know them today. All the old maps were withdrawn and the depiction of Indian boundaries in the old way became illegal. Indeed, if you seek out the White Paper on Indian States of 1948 and 1950 in the Parliament library, you will find that the maps have been removed because they too showed the border as being “undefined” in the Central and Western sectors.
What was the government up to? Did it seriously think it could get away with such a sleight of hand? Or was there a design that will become apparent when the papers of the period are declassified? Not surprisingly, the other party, the People’s Republic of China, was not amused and, in any case, there are enough copies of the old documents and maps across the world today to bring out the uncomfortable truth that the boundaries of India in these regions were unilaterally defined by the Government of India, rather than through negotiation and discussions with China.
It is not as though the Chinese have a particularly good case when it comes to their western boundary in Tibet. The record shows that the Chinese empire was unclear as to its western extremities, and rejected repeated British attempts to settle the border. The problem in the Aksai Chin region was further compounded by the fact that this was an uninhabited high-altitude desert, with few markers that could decide the case in favour of one country or the other. But there was cause for the two countries to sit down and negotiate a mutually acceptable boundary. This as we know was not to be and, since then, the process has gone through needless tension and conflict.
In the initial period, India’s focus was on the McMahon Line which defines the boundary with China in what is now Arunachal Pradesh. It tended to play down the issue of Aksai Chin because it was a remote area and of little strategic interest to India. But for China, the area was vital. Indeed, according to John W. Garver, it was “essential to Chinese control of western Tibet and very important to its control of all of Tibet.” In other words, in contrast to India’s legalistic and nationalistic claims over the region, for China, control over Aksai Chin had a geopolitical imperative.
For this reason, it entered the area, built a road through it and undertook a policy to expand westward to ensure that the road was secure. India woke up to the issue late and when it sought to confront the Chinese through its forward policy in 1961, it was already too late. And the 1962 war only saw a further Chinese advance westward which led to almost the entire Galwan River coming under the Chinese control.
We can only speculate on the causes of their present westward shift in the Daulat Beg Oldi area. But one thing is clear: the central locomotive of Chinese policy remains Tibet. Despite massive investments in the region, large numbers of Tibetans remain disaffected. No country in the world, including India, recognises Tibet as being a disputed territory yet, for two reasons. The Chinese constantly seek reassurance from New Delhi about its intentions. First, because of the past support that Tibetan separatist guerrillas got from the U.S. and India, and second, because of the presence of the Dalai Lama and the Tibetan government-in-exile in India. Despite the massive growth of Chinese power, their insecurities remain high. In great measure, they are due to Beijing’s own heavy-handed policies and only China can resolve the issues through accommodation and compromise with its own people. But typical of governments, Beijing seeks to deflect the blame of its own shortcomings on outsiders.
There could be other drivers of the tension as well. In the past five years, the Chinese have been generally assertive across their periphery and this could well be an outcome of policy decisions taken by the top military and political leadership of the country or, as some speculate, because of an inner-party conflict. Exaggerated Chinese maritime boundary claims have brought them into conflict with the ASEAN countries, principally the Philippines, Vietnam and Malaysia. A separate order of tension has arisen with Japan over the Senkaku islands in the East China Sea. In the case of India, an important initiative to resolve the border dispute through Special Representatives has been allowed to run aground.
Another possible explanation for the Chinese behaviour could be the steps India is taking with regard to its military on its borders with China. India’s border infrastructure and military modernisation schemes have been delayed by decades. But in recent years, there have been signs that New Delhi may be getting its act together. In any case, the cumulative impact of the huge defence expenditures since 2000 is beginning to show in terms of better border connectivity and modernisation programmes. This momentum could see Indian forces’ confrontation with China become even stronger when you take into account new manpower and equipment such as mountain artillery, attack helicopters, missiles and rocket artillery.
Overlapping claims
Even so, it would be hazardous to speak definitively about Chinese motivations. After being lambasted by the Indian media for occupying “Indian territory,” the Chinese might be concerned about losing face with a hasty retreat. The fact of the matter is that the boundary in the region is defined merely by a notional Line of Actual Control, which is neither put down on mutually agreed maps, let alone defined in a document through clearly laid out geographical features. While both sides accept most of the LAC and respect it, there are some nine points where there are overlapping claims and both sides patrol up to the LAC, as they understand it. In such circumstances, the Chinese could well withdraw after a decent interval.
This more benign interpretation of Chinese behaviour is also in tune with the statements that the new leadership in Beijing has been making. As has been noted, following his meeting with Prime Minister Manmohan Singh on the sidelines of the BRICS conference in Durban, the new supremo of China, Xi Jinping, was quoted in the Chinese media as saying that Beijing regarded its ties with New Delhi as “one of the most important bilateral relationships.” Belying the belief that the Chinese were dragging their feet on the border issue, Mr. Xi declared that the Special Representative mechanism should strive for “a fair, rational solution framework acceptable to both sides as soon as possible.” This last sentence is significant because a week earlier, he was quoted as making the standard formulation that the border problem “is a complex issue left from history and solving the issue won’t be easy.”
2013 is not 1962 and the Indian media and politicians should not behave as though it was, by needlessly raising the decibel level and trying to push the government to adopt a hawkish course on the border. But what the recent controversy does tell us is unsettled borders are not good for two neighbours because they can so easily become the cause of a conflict that neither may be seeking.
(The writer is a Distinguished Fellow at the Observer Research Foundation, New Delhi)

Related articles

 

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – ESTABLISHMENT NUMBER 22 – ALLEN WELSH DULLES

Whole Dude-Whole Agency: Allen Dulles reveals the secrets of World War II, but remained silent about the secret operation in Tibet which was supported by the US President, Indian Prime Minister, and His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, the spiritual and temporal leader of the autonomous State of Tibet.
Whole Dude-Whole Agency: Allen Dulles reveals the secrets of World War II, but remained silent about the secret operation in Tibet(1958-1964) which was supported by the US President, Indian Prime Minister, and His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, the spiritual and temporal leader of the autonomous State of Tibet.
Whole Dude-Whole Agency: During World War II, Allen Dulles served as the Chief of the OSS Office in Bern from October 1942 to May 1945. He played a role in the surrender of German troops in northern Italy.
Whole Dude-Whole Agency: During World War II, Allen Dulles served as the Chief of the OSS Office in Bern from October 1942 to May 1945. He played a role in the surrender of German troops in northern Italy.
Whole Dude-Whole Agency: Interesting account of the role of Office of Strategic Services in Europe during World War II. Fortunately, now we have interesting accounts of the CIA's Secret War in Tibet. The credit goes to the Director of the CIA.
Whole Dude-Whole Agency: Interesting account of the role of Office of Strategic Services in Europe during World War II. Fortunately, now we have interesting accounts of the CIA’s Secret War in Tibet. The credit goes to the Director of the CIA.
Whole Dude-Whole Agency: Allen Dulles described the 'Craft of Intelligence' but kept the CIA Operation in Tibet as a Secret.
Whole Dude-Whole Agency: Allen Dulles described the ‘Craft of Intelligence’ but kept the CIA Operation in Tibet as a Secret.
Whole Dude - Whole Agency: Allen Welsh Dulles shaped the history of the Central Intelligence Agency. During World War II, he had served in the Office of Strategic Services(1942-1945), and when CIA formed in 1951, he served as Deputy Director under General Walter Bedell Smith. He was appointed the Director by President Dwight D. Eisenhower during January 1953.
Whole Dude – Whole Agency: Allen Welsh Dulles shaped the history of the Central Intelligence Agency. During World War II, he had served in the Office of Strategic Services(1942-1945), and when CIA formed in 1951, he served as Deputy Director under General Walter Bedell Smith. He was appointed the Director by President Dwight D. Eisenhower during January 1953.

The Spirits of Special Frontier Force are pleased to pay this special tribute to Allen Welsh Dulles(b. April 7, 1893, Watertown, NY – d. January 29, 1969, Washington, DC), US diplomat, intelligence expert who was the  Director of the Central Intelligence Agency during its period of growth. Dulles received M.A. from Princeton in 1916. His service to the nation started during the administration of Woodrow Thomas Wilson(28th President of the US 1913-1921). He served in various diplomatic posts until 1922, and was named chief of the State Department’s Near Eastern Division. He obtained Law degree in 1926, and served as counsellor to the US delegation in Peking. He returned to the US and joined the New York law firm in which his brother John Foster Dulles was a partner. During World War II, Dulles joined the office of Strategic Services(OSS). From October 1942 to May 1945, Dulles served as Chief of OSS office in Bern, Switzerland. He played a critical role in the surrender of German troops in northern Italy. He received the Medal of Merit and Medal of Freedom for his service during the War. In 1948, Dulles served as the Chairman of a three-man committee that surveyed the US intelligence system. After the Central Intelligence Agency was established in 1951, he served as deputy director under General Walter Bedell Smith. In 1953, he was appointed Director of CIA by President Dwight D. Eisenhower(34th President of the US, 1953-1961). He was the first Chairman of U.S. Intelligence Board. Dulles carried out a number of major operations, notably the overthrow of the governments of Mohammad Mossadeq in Iran in 1953, and Jacob Arbenz in Guatemala in 1954. He was reappointed by President John F. Kennedy. Unfortunately, he had to shoulder the blame for the failure of the Bay of Pigs invasion of Cuba in April 1961. He was forced to resign to defend the reputation of the presidency. He was awarded the National Security Medal on November 28, 1961(and the citation for granting this Medal is attached as a pdf file). President Lyndon B Johnson had appointed him as one of seven commissioners of the Warren Commission to investigate the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. He authored several books, notably Germany’s Underground(1947), The Craft of Intelligence(1963), and The Secret Surrender(1963).

Whole Dude - Whole Agency: Allen Welsh Dulles rendered remarkable service to the nation and won the admiration of President John F. Kennedy even though he had to accept the blame for the failed mission in Cuba. I salute him for his support to defend Freedom and Democracy in Tibet. The CIA operation in Tibet had also failed during March 1959, but I would not blame CIA for that failure.
Whole Dude – Whole Agency: Allen Welsh Dulles rendered remarkable service to the nation and won the admiration of President John F. Kennedy even though he had to accept the blame for the failed mission in Cuba. I salute him for his support to defend Freedom and Democracy in Tibet. The CIA operation in Tibet had also failed during March 1959, but I would not blame CIA for that failure.
Whole Dude - Whole Agency: On November 28, 1961, Allen Welsh Dulles, the outgoing CIA Director received the National Security Medal from President John F. Kennedy.
Whole Dude – Whole Agency: On November 28, 1961, Allen Welsh Dulles, the outgoing CIA Director received the National Security Medal from President John F. Kennedy.
Whole Dude - Whole Agency: President Lyndon B. Johnson demonstrated his confidence in the former CIA Director Allen Welsh Dulles by appointing him to the Warren Commission that investigated the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. It was indeed a great honor and speaks of the trust in personal integrity earned by Dulles as the CIA Director.
Whole Dude – Whole Agency: President Lyndon B. Johnson demonstrated his confidence in the former CIA Director Allen Welsh Dulles by appointing him to the Warren Commission that investigated the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. It was indeed a great honor and speaks of the trust in personal integrity earned by Dulles as the CIA Director.

 

 

Whole Dude-Whole Agency: A special tribute to Allen Welsh Dulles, the Director of CIA who organized training of Tibetans at Camp Hale, Colorado(May 1959 to November 1964).
Whole Dude-Whole Agency: A special tribute to Allen Welsh Dulles, the Director of CIA who organized training of Tibetans at Camp Hale, Colorado(May 1958 to November 1964).

Both US Government and the Central Intelligence Agency maintain their silence about the support given to the Tibetan Resistance Movement and the eventual creation of a military alliance/pact between the US, Tibet, and India to fight the military threat posed by Communist China when it occupied Tibet in 1950 and had forced His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama to lead a life in exile. However, the US had finally acknowledged the CIA operation with the Tibetans and India by installing a Commemoration Plaque at the Camp Hale, Colorado training site on September 10, 2010. The Director of CIA was not present at the ceremony to honor the memory of people who were involved in this covert operation. It is my duty and privilege to pay this special tribute to Allen Welsh Dulles in due recognition of the services he had rendered to defend Freedom, Democracy, and Justice in the occupied Land of Tibet.

Whole Dude-Whole Agency-Allen Welsh Dulles-National Security Medal Citation

Rudra N. Rebbapragada, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.,

Organization:The Spirits of Special Frontier Force

Related articles

THE DRAGON COVETS THE ARCTIC – CHINA LUSTS FOR GLOBAL SUPREMACY

COMMUNIST CHINA LUSTS FOR GLOBAL SUPREMACY:

The Red Dragon's Lust for Global Supremacy poses a great danger to Freedom and Democracy all over the world.
The Red Dragon’s Lust for Global Supremacy poses a great danger to Freedom and Democracy all over the world.

In the past, our main concern was about the dangers posed by Colonialism and Imperialism and little attention was given to the Communist Revolution in China and its potential to impact Freedom and Democracy all over the world. China’s founding father, Mao Tse-tung(1893-1976), the Chinese Communist leader; Chairman of the People’s Republic of China(1949-1959) and of its Communist Party(1949-1976) had clearly articulated a policy of territorial expansionism to become a global Superpower. Since that time, the Communist Dragon pursued the policy of annexation and military occupation and has constantly prepared itself to assert its military power and domination in Southeast Asia, and now the rest of the world. The huge continent of Africa is virtually colonized by China and China has gained access to natural resources all over the world including major countries in the West such as Canada. We need to wake up to this reality called China and respond to its greed for territory, and curb its lust for power.

I am pleased to share this essay titled “The Dragon Covets the Arctic” by Dr. A. Adityanjee, President, Council for Strategic Affairs, New Delhi, India. There is no escape from not knowing the military threat posed by Communist China and its policy of expansionism.

Rudra N Rebbapragada
Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA
http://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Spirits-of-Special-Frontier-Force/362056613878227

SERVICE INFORMATION:

R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,
Personal Numbers:MS-8466/MR-03277K. Rank:Lieutenant/Captain/Major.
Branch:Army Medical Corps/Short Service Regular Commission(1969-1972); Direct Permanent Commission(1973-1984).
Designation:Medical Officer.
Unit:Establishment No.22(1971-1974)/South Column,Operation Eagle(1971-1972).
Organization: Special Frontier Force.

Sunday, March 31, 2013

Following the Communist Revolution that gave birth to People's Republic of China, the Communists have expanded their territory in all directions to implement the policy of "Expansionism" clearly articulated by Mao Tse-tung( 1893-1976), the founding father, the Chairman of the People's Republic of China(1949-1959) and of its Communist Party (1949-1976).
Following the Communist Revolution that gave birth to People’s Republic of China, the Communists have expanded their territory in all directions to implement the policy of “Expansionism” clearly articulated by Mao Tse-tung( 1893-1976), the founding father, the Chairman of the People’s Republic of China(1949-1959) and of its Communist Party (1949-1976).

The Dragon Covets the Arctic

   
The Dragon Covets the Arctic
 
by Dr. A. Adityanjeehttp://councilforstrategicaffairs.blogspot.com/2013/03/the-dragon-covets-arctic.html  
 

 

 

 

China’s lust for oil, minerals, rare earths, fish and desire for an alternative northern sea route boils the Arctic Geopolitics!

Introduction:

Iceland is a small, sparsely populated island nation with a population of only 320,000 and area of 40,000 square miles. It is the only member of the NATO that does not have an army of its own. Icelandic banks were part of the 2008 global financial crisis and meltdown when they exposed the Icelandic government of huge financial risks by indulging in risky loans and speculative foreign currency transactions without having enough liquidity and capital reserves. The fiscal crisis led to a former Icelandic prime minister losing his job and being hauled to court of law for not supervising the banks enough.

 

In an international capitalistic, mercantile system, if Iceland is a company, it would be a “sitting duck” for outright purchase and acquisition. Fortunately, foreigners are not allowed to buy any property or real estate in Iceland and need a special permit.

And here comes the Peoples’ Republic of China, rich with $ 3.4 trillion in foreign exchange reserves in its kitty. It has built a palatial embassy in Reykjavik, Iceland worth $250 million with only 7 accredited diplomats. China is negotiating a free trade area with Iceland, the first with any European nation. Former Chinese Prime Minister Wen Jiabao even paid a state visit to Iceland for two full days in 2012. Other Chinese ministers and officials have also been very active in Iceland with bilateral visits and cultural events.

 

In 2010, Huang Nubo, a “poetry loving” Chinese billionaire and former communist party official visited Iceland to meet his former classmate Hjorleifur Sveinbjornsson, a Chinese translator with whom he had shared a room in 1970s in the Peking University. He expressed his intense love for poetry and put up $ one million to finance Iceland-China Cultural Fund and organized two poetry summits, the first one in Reykjavik in 2010 and the second one in Beijing in 2011.

Last year (2012), Huang Nubo and his Beijing based company, the Zhongkun group offered to buy 300 sq km of Icelandic land ostensibly to develop a holiday resort with a golf course. This Chinese billionaire wanted to pay $7 million to an Icelandic sheep farmer to take over the land and build a $100 million 100-room five-star resort hotel, luxury villas, an eco-golf course and an airstrip with 10 aircrafts. A state-owned Chinese bank reportedly offered the Zhongkun group a soft loan of $ 800 million for this project.

 

The deal was blocked by the Icelandic Interior Minister who asked many pertinent questions but reportedly got no answers. Huang would not take no for an answer and has submitted a revised bid for leasing the land for $ one million instead of outright purchase. He makes an unbelievable assertion that there is a market demand for peace and solitude: “Rich Chinese people are so fed up of pollution that they would like to enjoy the fresh air and solitude of the snowy Iceland”.

 

The current Icelandic government, a left-of-center coalition has given this proposal a cold shoulder. But, with elections due in April 2013 in Iceland, China is hoping for a more sympathetic government to approve the project. Iceland looks like an easy bird of prey for the wily red Dragon with insatiable appetite.

China is showing generosity to another poor and sparsely populated, self-governing island of Greenland by offering investments in mining industry with proposal to import Chinese crews for construction and mining operations. Greenland is rich in mineral deposits and rare earth metals. China wants Greenland to provide exclusive rights to its rare earth metals in lieu of the fiscal investments. Under one such proposal, China would invest $2.5 billion in an iron mine and would bring 5000 Chinese construction and mining workers whereas the population of the capital of Greenland, Nuuk is only 15000.

 

Arctic Council Membership:

There are eight members of the Arctic Council that includes Canada, Denmark (including Greenland), Finland, Iceland, Norway, Russia, Sweden and the USA. All these eight countries have geographic territories within the Arctic Circle. It was constituted in 1996 as an intergovernmental body but has evolved gradually from a dialogue forum to a geo-political club and a decision-making body. There are continuing territorial disputes in Arctic Circle. Ownership of the Arctic is governed by the United Nations Convention of the Law of the Sea, which gives the Arctic nations an exclusive economic zone that extends 200 nautical miles from the land. Member countries signed their first treaty on joint search and rescue missions in 2011. A second treaty on cleaning up oil spills is being negotiated. The group established its permanent secretariat at Tromso, Norway in January 2013.

 

Arctic Melting and Opening of Newer Sea Lanes:

With global warming becoming a reality, the Arctic ice has started to melt rapidly opening the northern sea-lanes that were frozen earlier. In summer of 2012, 46 ships sailed through the Arctic Waters carrying 1.2 million tonnes of cargo. There are legal questions about the international status of the northern sea lanes.

 

China’s Lust for Arctic Resources:

The Arctic has 13% of the world’s undiscovered oil and 30% of gas according to the US Geological Survey. Greenland alone contains approximately one tenth of the world’s deposits of rare earth minerals. China which already has a monopoly on world’s rare earth metal trade wants to continue controlling this global trade. China piously claims that the Arctic resources are the heritage of the entire mankind while insisting that the South China sea is its exclusive sovereign territory.

 

In 2004, China set up its first and the only Arctic scientific research station, curiously named “Yellow River Station” on the Svalbard Island of Norway. China, so far, has sent 6 arctic expeditions. China plans to build more research bases. In 2012, the 170-meters long icebreaker “Snow Dragon” (MV Xue Long) became the first Chinese Arctic expedition to sail along the Northern Sea Route into the Barents Sea. Incidentally, as early as 1999, this 21000 metric ton research icebreaker Xue Long had docked in the Canadian North-Western territory unexpectedly. China is building another 120-meter long icebreaker with the help of Finland while the Polar Research institute in Shanghai trains scientists and other personnel for Arctic expeditions.

 

China’s Previous Use of Deception:

There is no mandarin character for word transparency. China has been known to use duplicity and deception since the Art of War was written by Sun Tzu. China’s rhetoric of “peaceful and harmonious rise” and hegemonic behavior are predictably diametrically opposite to each other. China’s use of deception to camouflage its intentions in geopolitical matters is not surprising. While China joined the NPT in 1991, it provided 50 kg of highly enriched uranium to Pakistan, provided that country with a nuclear weapon design and supervised Pakistan’s first nuclear test at the Chinese nuclear testing site of Lop Nur. China purchased in 1998 an unfinished aircraft carrier from Ukraine after the breakup of Soviet Union ostensibly for developing a floating casino. The same “floating casino” is now China’s first aircraft carrier projecting Chinese naval and maritime power in the South China Sea.

 

China’s Application in Arctic Council Membership:

China currently has an ad hoc observer status with Arctic Council. China’s application for permanent observer-ship was denied by Norway in 2012 owing to bilateral dispute over awarding of Nobel peace prize to China’s Liu Xiaobo in 2010. China still has a pending application to be decided in May 2013 Arctic Council summit in Sweden when Canada takes over the chair for the next two years. With a permanent observer status, China would get full access to all Arctic Council meetings. Permanent observers do not have voting rights in the council but can participate in deliberations.

China is trying to distinguish itself from the rest of the applicants as a “Near Arctic State” on the perfidiously clever but fallacious grounds that the northernmost part of China in the province of Manchuria (the Amur river) is only one thousand miles south to the Arctic circle. The fallacy is that Manchuria was a separate, independent country that was annexed by China after the Communist take-over. Manchus had ruled over China for centuries during the reign of Manchu dynasty and last Chinese Emperor Pu Yi was actually the last Manchu emperor. Chinese ownership and annexation of Manchuria (Manchu-Kuo) is still not settled. A disputed territory cannot be used by China to make a geopolitical claim for being a “Near Arctic State”.

 

Other Pending Applications:

Other countries or non-state actors with pending applications for permanent observer-ship status include Japan, South Korea, India, Singapore, European Union, and non-state actors like Greenpeace and the International Association of Oil and Gas Producers. All these applications will be decided one way or the other in May 2013. The vote has to be unanimous for acceptance and how the US and Russia will vote is the crucial issue. In the past, Norway had vetoed China’s membership application. Some of the Arctic Council members may not approve European Union’s application because of EU’s penchant for restrictive and narrow rulings. Whereas Sweden, Canada, Iceland and Denmark may support China’s application, there are doubts about Norway, Russia and the US. Russia is currently the most vociferous member of Arctic Council that has serious reservations in expanding the Arctic club.

 

Strategic Issues:

China has voracious appetite for new territories and has been seeking new frontiers for the last three hundred years with Inner Mongolia, Manchuria, Xinjiang and Tibet. China’s list of “core issues” is ever-expanding, starting with Taiwan and Tibet. China has included the whole the South China Sea and its islands as a core issue. China is aggressively claiming sovereignty on these islands based on historical maps and manufactured mythological evidence. China has now a license from the UN for deep-seabed mining for minerals in the Indian Ocean and has developed naval bases in Indian Ocean and Arabian Sea ports. If China manages to get a toehold in Arctic Circle, its behavior will become as belligerent in Arctic as it is in the South China Sea. It might claim sovereignty over the whole of the Northern route sea lanes based on “historical evidence”. If in 22nd century, China decides that the Arctic Circle is its core national issue, one would be seeing Chinese aircraft carriers in the Arctic Sea and Chinese nuclear powered submarines in the Barents Sea along with military bases with “Chinese characteristics” in the Iceland and Greenland.

 

 
 
31-Mar-2013
 
More by : Dr. A. Adityanjee
Dr. Adityanjee, President, The Council for Strategic Affairs

New Delhi, India

www.councilforstrategicaffairs.blogspot.com

Related articles

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – ESTABLISHMENT NUMBER 22 – THE GREAT SPYMASTER

EXCOMM meeting at the White House Cabinet Room...
Whole Dude – Whole Master: A special tribute to Spymaster John Alexander McCone, the 6th CIA Director who played a leading role during the Cuban Missile Crisis. EXCOMM meeting at the White House Cabinet Room during the Cuban Missile Crisis on October 29, 1962. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – THE GREAT SPYMASTER:

Establishment No. 22 is a military establishment that represents a military pact/alliance between the United States, India, and the Tibetan Government -in-Exile. It came into existence during November 1962 and during 1966, this organization was named Special Frontier Force. Between the Central Intelligence Agency and the members of Special Frontier Force there has been a Master-Student relationship. This organization is the child of CIA’s Secret War in Tibet and it will be correct to recognize CIA as the ‘Mastermind’ of this operation to defend Freedom, and Democracy in the occupied Land of Tibet. The Spirits of Special Frontier Force take this opportunity to pay a special tribute to its ‘Master’, John Alexander McCone(b. January 04, 1902 – d. February 14, 1991) who served as the Director of CIA from November 1961 to April 1965.

Whole Dude-Whole Master: This is a special tribute to Spymaster John Alexander McCone who served as CIA's 6th Director from November 1961 to April 1965.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: This is a special tribute to Spymaster John Alexander McCone who served as CIA’s 6th Director from November 1961 to April 1965.

John A. McCone obtained a bachelor’s degree in Mechanical Engineering from University of California at Berkeley. He built his career in the steel, construction, shipping, shipbuilding, and aircraft production industries. He founded the Bechtel-McCone Steel Company and his role in shipbuilding, and military aircraft production had attracted the attention of President Harry S. Truman who had appointed him to the Air Policy Commission in 1947 to develop strategy for American military airpower. During 1948, he was appointed as the Special Deputy to the Secretary of Defense. In 1950, he was appointed as Undersecretary of the Air Force. President Dwight Eisenhower appointed him as the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission during 1958 and held that position until 1961.

Whole Dude-Whole Master: In this photo taken during 1958, John A. McCone, Chairman of the World Affairs Council is seen with General Lauris Norstad, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers in Europe.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: In this photo taken during 1958, John A. McCone, Chairman of the World Affairs Council is seen with General Lauris Norstad, Supreme Commander of the Allied Powers in Europe.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: U.S. delegates to the Fourth General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria 1960. Left to Right:- Ambassador John S. Graham, Vice Admiral Paul F. Foster, US Navy(Retd), the Permanent U.S. Representative to the IAEA, and John A. McCone, Chairman of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: U.S. delegates to the Fourth General Conference of the International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria 1960. Left to Right:- Ambassador John S. Graham, Vice Admiral Paul F. Foster, US Navy(Retd), the Permanent U.S. Representative to the IAEA, and John A. McCone, Chairman of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission.

During his tenure as the Chairman of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission, John McCone made very significant disclosures about Israel’s nuclear capabilities. After the disaster of the Bay of Pigs Invasion of Cuba, President Kennedy forced the resignation of the CIA director Allen Welsh Dulles and Richard Bissell, the Deputy Director for Plans and Operations who had a major role in making the plan for this CIA’s Black Operation. In a very surprising, and sudden move, President Kennedy called John McCone, a Republican to take charge of the Central Intelligence Agency disregarding the fact that McCone had no prior experience in Intelligence.

Whole Dude-Whole Master: President John F. Kennedy's selection of Spymaster during 1961. Left to Right:- Allen Welsh Dulles, 5th Director of CIA, Richard Bissell, Deputy Director of Plans/Operations, President John F. Kennedy, and the newly selected 6th Director of CIA, John A. McCone.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: President John F. Kennedy’s selection of Spymaster during 1961. Left to Right:- Allen Welsh Dulles, 5th Director of CIA, Richard Bissell, Deputy Director of Plans/Operations, President John F. Kennedy, and the newly selected 6th Director of CIA, John A. McCone.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: September 27, 1961. President Kennedy with CIA Director Allen Dulles and his new pick, John A. McCone.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: September 27, 1961. President Kennedy with CIA Director Allen Dulles and his new pick, John A. McCone.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: November 29, 1961. President John F. Kennedy with outgoing CIA Director Allen Dulles.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: November 29, 1961. President John F. Kennedy with outgoing CIA Director Allen Dulles.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: November 29, 1961. President John F. Kennedy welcomes the 6th Director of CIA, John Alexander McCone.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: November 29, 1961. President John F. Kennedy welcomes the 6th Director of CIA, John Alexander McCone.

 

Whole Dude-Whole Master: John Alexander McCone gets the task of "rebuilding" CIA after the Bay of Pigs debacle.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: John Alexander McCone gets the task of “rebuilding” CIA after the Bay of Pigs debacle.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: A new chapter in the history of CIA. John Alexander McCone became the "Government's principal foreign intelligence Officer" and he would work the heads of all departments and agencies, such as the State, Defense, the Attorney General, and the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, that have responsibilities in the foreign intelligence field. In this photo McCone is seen with Robert Kennedy, the Attorney General. The DCI would coordinate and direct the total intelligence community.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: A new chapter in the history of CIA. John Alexander McCone became the “Government’s principal foreign intelligence Officer” and he would work the heads of all departments and agencies, such as the State, Defense, the Attorney General, and the Chairman of the Atomic Energy Commission, that have responsibilities in the foreign intelligence field. In this photo McCone is seen with Robert Kennedy, the Attorney General. The DCI would coordinate and direct the total intelligence community.

John McCone played a leading role in strengthening the intelligence gathering abilities of CIA by launching a technological revolution. On August 05, 1963, he created the Directorate of Science and Technology.

Whole Dude-Whole Master: May 01, 1964. Presidential candidate, New York State Governor, Nelson a. Rockefeller gets Intelligence briefing. Left to Right:-John McCone, DIC; Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller; Robert S. McNamara, Defense Secretary; Dean Rusk, Secretary of State. Photo credit: Francis Miller/Time & Life.
Whole Dude-Whole Master: May 01, 1964. Presidential candidate, New York State Governor, Nelson a. Rockefeller gets Intelligence briefing. Left to Right:John McCone, DIC; Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller; Robert S. McNamara, Defense Secretary; Dean Rusk, Secretary of State. Photo credit: Francis Miller/Time & Life.

McCone was responsible for a number of covert operations in Vietnam, Laos, Cuba, Ecuador, and Brazil. John McCone was present in the meeting held at The White House on November 19, 1962 to enter into an agreement/pact with India, and the Tibetan Government-in-Exile to formulate Establishment No. 22/Special Frontier Force to address the military threat posed by People’s Republic of China’s military occupation of Tibet. This operation that involves India and Tibet remains a secret. McCone was a key figure during the October 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. He had predicted that the Soviet Union would place offensive nuclear weapons in Cuba. However, he had differences with President Lyndon B. Johnson and had resigned from his post during April 1965 and was replaced by  Admiral William F. Raborn. President Ronald Reagan during 1987 presented John McCone with the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

I say that John McCone was one of the best managers that CIA ever had. What do you want to say???

Rudra N. Rebbapragada, Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.,

Organization: The Spirits of Special Frontier Force.

http://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Spirits-of-Special-Frontier-Force/362056613878227 

1997
Whole Dude – Whole Master: Spymaster John Alexander McCone created the Directorate of Science and Technology on August 05, 1963 and launched technological revolution in Intelligence. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Related articles

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – ESTABLISHMENT NUMBER 22 – THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY

English: DCI Richard Helms, in the White House...
The Spymaster of Special Frontier Force: Director of the Central Intelligence Agency  Richard Helms, in the White House Cabinet Room. His famous quote: “God did not give prescience to human beings.” (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AND THE CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY:

The Spirits of Special Frontier Force would like to pay a respectful tribute to Richard McGarrah Helms( b. March 30, 1913 – d. October 23, 2002, Washington D.C. ), the Chief Spymaster of the Central Intelligence Agency from June 1966 to February 1973.

Whole Dude - Whole Spy : Richard M Helms during the year 1980, in this White House ceremony received an award from President Ronald Reagan for "Exceptionally Meritorious Service."
Whole Dude – Whole Spy : Richard M Helms during the year 1980, in this White House ceremony received an award from President Ronald Reagan for “Exceptionally Meritorious Service.” It may be noted that George Herbert Walker Bush who was the Vice President at that time had also served as the Director of CIA (1976-1977)during the presidency of Gerald Ford.

RICHARD M HELMS – THE INTELLIGENCE PROFESSIONAL:

Whole Dude - Whole Spy: Richard Helms was appointed as the eighth Director of CIA on June 30, 1966. In a function held in the East Room, White House, President Lyndon B. Johnson is seen speaking to Dennis Helms, son of the newly sworn in CIA Director.
Whole Dude – Whole Spy: Richard Helms was appointed as the eighth Director of CIA on June 30, 1966. In a function held in the East Room, White House, President Lyndon B. Johnson is seen speaking to Dennis Helms, son of the newly sworn in CIA Director.
Whole Dude - Whole Spy: This World War II era letter from Richard Helms to his young son Daniel reveals the long history of meritorious service rendered by Helms since the time he served in the wartime Office of Strategic Services.
Whole Dude – Whole Spy: This World War II era letter from Richard Helms to his young son Dennis reveals the long history of meritorious service rendered by Helms since the time he served in the wartime Office of Strategic Services. This letter is most interestingly written on Adolf Hitler’s private stationery.

Richard Helms was the chief architect of the legislation, National Security Act of September 1947 that created the Central Intelligence Agency replacing the wartime Office of Strategic Services. CIA came into existence during the presidency of Harry S Truman, 33rd President of the US(1949-1952). The National Security Council that is chaired by the President  formed in 1949, CIA was established in 1951.

Whole Dude - Whole Spy: The Original Headquarters Building(OHB) reflects the vision of Allen Welsh Dulles, the 5th Director of CIA. CIA is the principle Intelligence and Counterintelligence agency of the US Government. It is organized as 1. The Intelligence Directorate, 2. The Directorate of Operations which includes espionage, 3. The Directorate of Science and Technology, and 4. The Directorate of Administration.
Whole Dude – Whole Spy: The Original Headquarters Building(OHB) reflects the vision of Allen Welsh Dulles, the 5th Director of CIA. CIA is the principle Intelligence and Counterintelligence agency of the US Government. It is organized as 1. The Intelligence Directorate, 2. The Directorate of Operations which includes espionage, 3. The Directorate of Science and Technology, and 4. The Directorate of Administration.
The entrance to the Central Intelligence Agenc...
The entrance to the Central Intelligence Agency headquarters. In a world of sovereign nations, information is a prime element of national power. Intelligence is best defined as evaluated information, is the vital and pivotal foundation for national decisions. The Director of CIA is Adviser to the National Security Council which is chaired by the President. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Richard Helms was commissioned into US Naval Reserve during 1942 and served as Lieutenant Commander. He had served with Office of Strategic Services and its successors from 1943 to 1947. He held various appointments within the CIA. He was the Deputy Director of Plans from 1962 to 1965. He was the Deputy Director of the CIA from April 28, 1965 to June 1966. Intelligence in service to Liberty found an unsurpassed Champion in Richard Helms who served two presidents, Lyndon B. Johnson, and Richard M. Nixon.

Whole Dude - Whole Spy: June 30, 1966 The White House. Richard Helms replaced CIA Director William F. Raborn who served from 1965 to 1966. The 5th Director of CIA, Allen Welsh Dulles attended this swearing in ceremony.
Whole Dude – Whole Spy: June 30, 1966 The White House. Richard Helms replaced CIA Director William F. Raborn who served from 1965 to 1966. The 5th Director of CIA, Allen Welsh Dulles attended this swearing-in ceremony.

Allen Welsh Dulles, the 5th Director of CIA told US Congress, “The CIA should be directed by a relatively small but elite corps of men with a passion for anonymity and a willingness to stick at that particular job.” Helms truly depicts the qualities demanded by Allen Welsh Dulles. Helms said, “Intelligence was not merely a job but rather a calling.” He had asked his employees to “Make Intelligence a profession, not just an occupation.”

Whole Dude - Whole Spy: During the presidency of Richard Nixon, the CIA Director was placed under tremendous pressure to accomplish the political agenda of the President without real concern for national interests.
Whole Dude – Whole Spy: During the presidency of Richard Nixon, the CIA Director was placed under tremendous pressure to accomplish the political agenda of the President without real concern for national interests.
Whole Dude-Whole Spy: The National Security Council briefing by CIA Director Richard Helms. It must be noted that Dr. Henry Kissinger had used his position to undermine the importance of Central Intelligence Agency. Kissinger had also undermined the role of the Secretary of State before he became the Secretary of State. Kissinger's foreign policy initiatives are not based upon analysis of Intelligence.
Whole Dude-Whole Spy: The National Security Council briefing by CIA Director Richard Helms. It must be noted that Dr. Henry Kissinger had used his position to undermine the importance of Central Intelligence Agency. Kissinger had also undermined the role of the Secretary of State before he became the Secretary of State. Kissinger’s foreign policy initiatives are not based upon analysis of Intelligence.

Between 1950 and 1973, the CIA had also carried on extensive mind-control experiments at universities, prisons, and hospitals which included the use of LSD and other mind-altering drugs on unwitting test subjects. However, there is a huge concern about CIA tactics to prevent Salvador Allende from winning the 1970 elections in Chile and later when CIA worked to topple him from power. CIA had tried to assassinate several foreign leaders, including Fidel Castro of Cuba. But, the CIA had not acted on its own and was only trying to serve the political bosses of their times.

Whole Dude-Whole Spy: Richard Helms got ensnared in US Congress's investigation because a successor, William Colby released a trove of documents, nicknamed "The Family Jewels" detailing the misdeeds of the Agency. Helms testified in Congressional hearings.
Whole Dude-Whole Spy: Richard Helms got ensnared in US Congress’s investigation because a successor, William Colby released a trove of documents, nicknamed “The Family Jewels” detailing the misdeeds of the Agency. Helms testified in Congressional hearings.
Whole Dude - Whole Spy: Apart from the Congressional hearings, Richard Helms had faced news media during April 1975 and spoke to reporters who had very little understanding of Agency's great performance in other countries.
Whole Dude – Whole Spy: Apart from the Congressional hearings, Richard Helms had faced news media during April 1975 and spoke to reporters who had very little understanding of Agency’s great performance in other countries.
Whole Dude-Whole Spy: Damage was done to the personal reputation of Richard Helms and he was painted as a dangerous CIA Director while he tried his best to serve the President and the country without any political bias.
Whole Dude-Whole Spy: Damage was done to the personal reputation of Richard Helms and he was painted as a dangerous CIA Director while he tried his best to serve the President and the country without any political bias.
Whole Dude - Whole Spy: The CIA celebrated its 50th Anniversary during 1997 and the former Director Helms was most warmly received and was acknowledged for his great contribution to the Organization in a variety of capacities.
Whole Dude – Whole Spy: The CIA celebrated its 50th Anniversary during 1997 and the former Director Helms was most warmly received and was acknowledged for his great contribution to the Organization in a variety of capacities.

It may be noted that there is not much awareness about CIA’s covert operations inside countries like Tibet. I sincerely appreciate the dedication of CIA officers who had served in Southeast Asia to defend freedom, and democracy in the occupied Land of Tibet.

Whole Dude-Whole Spy: The CIA covert operations inside Tibet led to the creation of a military organization called Establishment Number. 22, or Special Frontier Force which was formed in 1962 during the presidency of John F. Kennedy.
Whole Dude-Whole Spy: The CIA covert operations inside Tibet led to the creation of a military organization called Establishment Number. 22, or Special Frontier Force which was formed in 1962 during the presidency of John F. Kennedy.

I would like to recognize Richard M. Helms as a Cold War era Hero who did his best to support and encourage the cause of political freedom, liberty, and democracy in the world in very difficult times.

Whole Dude-Whole Spy: The Spirits of Special Frontier Force recognizes CIA Director Richard Helms as a Cold War era Hero.
Whole Dude-Whole Spy: The Spirits of Special Frontier Force recognizes CIA Director Richard Helms as a Cold War era Hero. Helms was skeptical about the likely success of large-scale covert actions meant to manipulate political and economic events abroad. CIA should not try to bite more than what it can chew.

I say Richard Helms is a great Spymaster who had ever served the Central Intelligence Agency and what do you want to say???

Rudra N. Rebbapragada/R. Rudra Narasimham,                                                                                  

Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A.

Organization: The Spirits of Special Frontier Force.

http://www.facebook.com/pages/The-Spirits-of-Special-Frontier-Force/362056613878227

English: Official work by the Central Intellig...
The Central Intelligence Agency must become the Champion of Freedom and Democracy in the rest of the world. In its entire history of existence, the CIA’s work in Tibet truly reflects the ideals of  Human Rights, Peace and Liberty. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Related articles

 

CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY – OPERATION FREE TIBET

THE U. S. CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY – OPERATION FREE TIBET:

On behalf of ‘The Spirits of Special Frontier Force’, I am pleased to post this special tribute to John Foster Dulles who served as the US Secretary of State(1953 to 1959) under President Dwight D. Eisenhower.

John Foster Dulles was the architect of major elements of US Foreign Policy in the Cold War era after World War II.
John Foster Dulles was the architect of major elements of US Foreign Policy in the Cold War era after World War II. He was the architect of the policy to oppose Communist expansion and laid the foundation for the creation of a military alliance/pact between the United States, India, and Tibet to defend Freedom, and Democracy in the occupied Land of Tibet.
The Spirits of Special Frontier Force pay tribute to this US Secretary of State for providing military assistance to Tibetan people to resist the military occupation of their Land by People's Republic of China.
The Spirits of Special Frontier Force pay tribute to this US Secretary of State for providing military assistance to Tibetan people to resist the military occupation of their Land by People’s Republic of China.

John Foster Dulles( b. February 25, 1888, Washington, D.C. – d. May 24, 1959, Washington,D.C.) was described by President Eisenhower in the following words: “He is one of the truly great men of our time.” Dulles was awarded the Medal of Freedom during May 1959 just prior to his death.

This Freedom Medal that was awarded to the US Secretary of State John Foster Dulles during May 1959 truly represents the aspirations of Tibetan people to find Freedom and Democracy in their occupied Land of Tibet. This Medal gives them the hope and encouragement to resist the military occupation by People's Republic of China.
This Freedom Medal that was awarded to the US Secretary of State John Foster Dulles during May 1959 truly represents the aspirations of Tibetan people to find Freedom and Democracy in their occupied Land of Tibet. This Medal gives them the hope and encouragement to resist the military occupation by People’s Republic of China.

Dulles belonged to a family that served the United States with great distinction and honor. His maternal grandfather, John Watson Foster served as Secretary of State under President Benjamin Harrison. His uncle, Robert Lansing was Secretary of State under President Woodrow Wilson. Dulles had specialized in international law. He was the US delegate to the San Francisco Conference that created the United Nations and he had served as the US Representative to the United Nations from 1945-1949. He negotiated Japanese Peace Treaty 1951 formally ending World War II. He formulated a policy of collective security of the US and its allies through foreign economic and military aid. He advocated the development of nuclear weapons and became a leading figure in the Cold War. In 1954, he initiated the Manila Conference which resulted in the Southeast Asia Treaty Organization(SEATO). In 1955 he initiated the Baghdad Pact later named the Central Treaty Organization(CENTO). His foreign policy was determined by his profound detestation of Communism. As an international lawyer, he strongly believed in the value of treaties. His passionate hostility to Communism was the testimony of his policy. Under his stewardship, go “to the brink” of War had become a necessary aspect of US diplomacy. When the Tibetans fought to oust the Chinese, he had initiated the Central Intelligence Agency’s Secret War in Tibet. His younger brother, Allen Welsh Dulles, 5th Director of CIA directed this military operation to establish the Tibetan Resistance Movement.

January 24, 1953.Central Intelligence Agency-Operation Free Tibet. Allen Welsh Dulles, the 5th Director of Central Intelligence Agency took the initiative to address the military threat posed by Communist China's expansion into Southeast Asia.
January 24, 1953.Central Intelligence Agency-Operation Free Tibet. Allen Welsh Dulles, the 5th Director of Central Intelligence Agency, the younger brother of John Foster Dulles took the initiative to address the problem of military threat posed by Communist China’s expansion into Southeast Asia.
SECRET WAR IN TIBET by Kenneth Conboy and James Morrison, published by The University Press of Kansas provides a detailed account of the Struggle for Freedom in Tibet.
SECRET WAR IN TIBET by Kenneth Conboy and James Morrison, published by The University Press of Kansas provides a detailed account of the Struggle for Freedom in Tibet.
The quest for Freedom in Tibet. A military training Camp known as Camp Hale was established in Colorado under the supervision of CIA officers Roger E. McCarthy and John Reagan.
The quest for Freedom in Tibet. A military training Camp known as Camp Hale was established in Colorado under the supervision of CIA officers Roger E. McCarthy and John Reagan.

The geopolitical interests of the United States are best served by the defeat of the Chinese Communism and the achievement of Tibetan Self-Determination. The Spirits of Special Frontier Force acknowledge John Foster Dulles as the Man of Freedom, and the Champion of Liberty.

https://www.facebook.com/SpecialFrontierForce.Establishment22/

FREEDOM IN TIBET: THE WAR AGAINST COMMUNISM. John Foster Dulles and US President Dwight D Eisenhower continued the "TRUMAN DOCTRINE" to combat Communism using military alliances and pacts.
FREEDOM IN TIBET: THE WAR AGAINST COMMUNISM. John Foster Dulles and US President Dwight D Eisenhower continued the “TRUMAN DOCTRINE” to combat Communism using military alliances and pacts.

I say the United States must support the cause of Freedom and Democracy in the occupied Land of Tibet and what do you want to say?

Eleanor Roosevelt and John Foster Dulles at Un...
Central Intelligence Agency – Operation Free Tibet: Eleanor Roosevelt and John Foster Dulles, the champions of Human Rights at United Nations in Paris – (Photo credit: Wikipedia)
Related articles