Whole Dude – Whole Spirituality – Page 33 – Whole Spirituality describes the Unity of God, Soul, and Matter using a Ground Substance of Spiritual Nature.

The Study of Human Anatomy to determine the place of Man in the Order of Nature

In 1965, while I was a student of Human Anatomy at Kurnool Medical College, I had the opportunity to know about Dr. J. C. B. Grant (1886-1973), the author of Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy. The 5th Edition of his Atlas was published in 1962 and was available in India in our Medical College Library.

Born in Loanhead (south of Edinburgh) in 1886, Grant studied medicine at the University of Edinburgh Medical School and graduated with an M.B., Ch.B. degree in 1908. While at Edinburgh, he worked under the renowned anatomist Daniel John Cunningham. Grant became a decorated serviceman of the Royal Army Medical Corps during the First World War before moving to Canada. He established himself as an ‘anatomist extraordinary’ at the University of Toronto, publishing three textbooks that form the basis of Grant’s Anatomy. The textbooks are still used in anatomy classes today, and made unforgettable memories for those who found themselves in his classes nearly a century ago. One of Grant’s many accomplishments was establishing a division of histology within the department.

As a medical student, I used Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy, the seminal work of Scottish-born Dr. John Charles Boileau Grant, who would become the chair of Anatomy at the University of Toronto in 1930 and retired in 1965.

Students continue to use Grant’s textbooks today, and for the more artistic anatomist there’s even a Grant’s Anatomy Coloring Book, published in 2018.

At the University of Toronto, Dr.McMurrich, Chair of Anatomy was succeeded as chairman in 1930 by Dr. John Charles Boileau Grant. Dr. Grant wrote three text books, of which “An Atlas of Anatomy” (published in 1943) rapidly gained international prominence and is still, one of the most widely used anatomical atlases in the world. It is now known as “Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy” and is in its tenth edition. The atlas was based on a series of elegant dissections done either by Grant or by others under his supervision. Many of these dissections are currently housed in Grant’s Museum at the University of Toronto.

The Rudi-Grant Connection is about knowing the man, the building blocks and the structural units and organization of the human body. To defend the human existence, the Rudi-Grant Connection lays the emphasis on knowing the person who is at risk apart from knowing the agent posing the risk.

THE IDENTITY OF MULTICELLULAR HUMAN ORGANISM:

**The Study of Human Anatomy to determine the place of Man in the Order of Nature**. Cunningham’s Manuals of Practical Anatomy provide me the learning tools to know and understand Man’s External and Internal Reality and its Identity as described by Cells, Tissues, Organs,and Organ Systems

Daniel John Cunningham was born on 15 April 1850 in Scotland. After his initial schooling at his home town, Crieff, he took up the study of medicine at the University of Edinburgh and passed with honours. He is best known for the excellent series of dissection manuals, namely Cunningham’s Dissection Manuals. Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy has provided me the learning tools to know and understand Man’s External and Internal Reality and its Identity as described by Cells, Tissues, Organs,and Organ Systems.

I learned the truths about the living human body and about Life while dissecting the dead human bodies in a systematic manner. The Manual of Practical Anatomy which guides us through this entire process was published in England. The author Dr. Daniel John Cunningham prepared the Manual while dissecting cadavers of British or Irish citizens. He had never encountered cadavers of Indian citizens. At Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India, where I was a student, the Department of Anatomy obtains dead bodies from Government General Hospital Kurnool and most of the deceased are the poor, illiterate, and uneducated people of that region. None of the deceased had the chance to know this man called Cunningham and Cunningham had no knowledge about the existence of these people who arrive on our dissection tables. But, as the dissection of the human body proceeds, inch, by inch, we recognize the anatomical parts as described by Cunningham. The manual also lists some anatomical variations and we very often exchange information between various dissection tables and recognize the variations mentioned. The dissections also involve slicing the organs and studying them, both macroscopically, and microscopically. We did not miss any part of the human body.

**The Study of Human Anatomy to determine the place of Man in the Order of Nature**. Skull anatomy, 1866 illustrations. This page is plate 7 from the first volume of ‘Atlas d’anatomie descriptive du corps humain’ (1844-1866) by French anatomists Constantin Bonamy and Paul Broca. This work described the anatomy of the human body with over 250 hand-coloured lithographs. The illustrations were by Emile Beau, with the text by Bonamy and Broca. The three volumes were bound as four books in 1866 when the atlas was completed. This page is from the first book ‘Locomotion’, a republication of the section on bones, ligaments and muscles that was first published in 1844.

So what is the Identity of this Human person or Human subject who experiences his life using the Sensory Experience such as taste? How does the living Human organism maintain its Identity and Individuality? Apart from the Cultural Traditions of India, several Schools of Religious Thought claim that the Human Individuality and true or real Identity is represented by Human Soul. Where does this soul exist in the human body? What is the location if the soul is present in the living person? Does man have a soul? How does the human organism acquires Knowledge about its own structures and the functions they perform? To know the burdens of Life, I ask my readers to know the reality of man and the nature of his existence.

THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES: THERE IS NO NATURAL CAUSE, NATURAL FACTOR, NATURAL CONDITION, OR NATURAL MECHANISM TO ACCOUNT FOR THE VARIATION SEEN WHEN THE NEANDERTHAL SKULL IS COMPARED WITH THE HUMAN SKULL.

The Status of Man in Nature. Who or What formed the Man?

MAN IS A CREATED BEING:

**The Status of Man in Nature. Who or What formed the Man?**

“You turn things upside down,

as if the potter were thought to be like the clay!

Shall what is formed say to Him who formed it,

“He did not make me” ?

Can the pot say of the potter,

“He knows nothing”? (Isaiah, Chapter 29, verse 16)

The Place of Man in the Order of Nature:

Does man have an animal ancestry ?

Could we view the behavior of man and animals and the phenomena of intelligence or mind and the constitution of psyche in confirmation with the doctrine of evolution ?

There are two different views about the place of man in nature.

Man is a special creation in body and soul:

Plants and animals did not actually exist when the world began. The Book of Genesis speaks about the successive appearance of the various forms of life. The actual production of plants and animals in their various kinds is an act of creation. An increase in the number of species upon earth is merely a matter of addition, they attribute stability to each species new as well as old. Man is simply added to the life forms already in existence without any change in the status as species of the pre-existing forms. To quote from the Book of Psalms, 104:24

“How many are your works, O LORD !

In wisdom you made them all;

the earth is full of your creatures.”

The first appearance of man at a historical moment was an act of spontaneous generation, due to a special act of creation. Man is created as an individual human soul.

So God created man in his own image,

in the image of God He created him ;

male and female He created them. (Book of Genesis 1:27)

Man is essentially and abruptly distinct from animals. Man and ape as they now exist in the world, are essentially distinct – different in kind.

“the Lord God formed the man from the dust of the ground and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a living being.” (Book of Genesis 2:7)

The Law of Biogenesis – Like generating Like:

**The Status of Man in Nature. What or Who formed the Man?**

An important fact about generation or reproduction is that a species always breeds true; its members always generate organisms which can be classified as belonging to the same species however much they vary among themselves as individuals within the group. Furthermore, the subgroups the races or varieties of species are able to breed with one another, but diverse species cannot interbreed. If crossbred, like the horse and the ass, they produce a sterile hybrid like the mule.

Species are distinguished by their stability from generation to generation. Species are thus self-perpetuating, they in turn give stability to all the larger groupings – the genera, phyla, families – which remain as fixed from generation to generation as the species which constitute them. Nobody has actually observed or demonstrated the transformation of one species into a different species. Species of living things appear to be fixed in number and immutable in type throughout the ages.

**The Status of Man in Nature:** Species are recognized on the basis of their morphology (size, shape, and appearance) and, more recently, by genetic analysis. For example, there are up to species of butterfly; they are often very different in appearance and do not interbreed.

By the Law of Natural Generation, offspring will always be of the same species as the parent organisms. No origin of species would be possible except by a special act of creation. If in the course of ages new species have arisen, their appearance cannot be accounted by natural generation.

Modern science tends to affirm the Law of Biogenesis, living organisms are generated only by living organisms.

Life could have sprung up from the nature of what is void of life

In the words of Aristotle, “nature proceeds little by little from things lifeless to animal life.” In terms of structure and function, animals and plants tend to demonstrate a common scheme and this analogy of forms seem to be produced in accordance with a common type. They have an actual kinship due to descent from a common parent. The facts of comparative anatomy and embryology reveal affinities in organic structure and development between organisms distinct in species. The geological record of earth indicates the great antiquity of life upon the earth, also gives evidence of the cataclysmic changes in the earth’s surface with consequences for the survival of life. The fossil remains of forms of life now extinct are not dissimilar from species alive in the present age. The Theory of Evolution describes a developmental or genetic relation among the various forms of life.

Charles Darwin claims that new species do originate in the course of time. He describes the circumstances under which new species arise and other forms become extinct. He formulates the various factors in the differentiation of species. A new species does not require a special act of creation and it is entirely the result of a natural process which requires no factors other than those at work every day in the life, death, and breeding of plants and animals. According to Darwin, new species arises when, among the varieties of an existing species, certain intermediate forms become extinct, and the surviving varieties become more sharply separated from one another in type, and in the course of many generations of inbreeding, also tend to breed true. The process of natural selection may exterminate the parent-forms and the intermediate links. Thus the origin of species is associated with the extinction of intermediate varieties, combined with the survival of one or more of the extreme varieties. This theory requires the existence of an infinite number of intermediate members lying between two given species.

Man is a by-product of the evolutionary process and has arrived from already existing organic forms by “descent with modification.” Man is a species and differs from other animals only by continuous variation. Man and ape differ only in degree and intermediate varieties have existed to account for their descent from a common ancestor. The genetic code of man and other primates is nearly identical and they also share the same pseudo genes (genes that are present but their character is not expressed). Man and the anthropoid apes have descended from a common ancestral form which is now extinct as are also many of the intermediate varieties in the chain of development -some fossil remains supply some of the missing links. Some of the transitional forms which are described as part-ape, part-human are identified as ‘Australopithecus’, and ‘paranthropines’. Man has become a distinct species through the extinction of intermediate varieties and he differs from animals in an accidental manner.

THE LAW OF INDIVIDUALITY AND CREATION:

Ultimately, each individual living creature differs from every other in the same group with whom, at the same time, it shares certain characteristics of the race, the species, the genus, and all the larger classes to which they belong. This uniqueness is important to describe the intrinsic value of human life and the notion of Human Individuality and Individualism. Man has arrived as an individual and essentially exists as an individual as per the Law of Individuality, a biological characteristic of all living organisms and creatures.

We have two choices about the position of man in nature. There is an aspect of human existence which is not governed by our choice. Man, when viewed as a physical being, the physical being is mortal and would eventually die and everything that is born comes with its own plan for its dissolution. If man is a created being, he would exist as a spiritual being, and spirituality describes the connection between man and his Creator. If an immortal principle is involved in the creation of man, the nature or essence of man would describe the nature of that immortal principle.

“By the sweat of your brow

you will eat your food

until you return to the ground,

since from it you were taken;

for dust you are

and to dust you will return.” (Genesis, Chapter 3, verse 19)

The functional anatomy of hands demonstrates the creative process of making man

Students continue to use Grant’s textbooks today, and for the more artistic anatomist there’s even a Grant’s Anatomy Coloring Book, published in 2018.

THE IDENTITY OF MULTICELLULAR HUMAN ORGANISM:

**The functional anatomy of hands demonstrates the creative process of making man**. Cunningham’s Manuals of Practical Anatomy provide me the learning tools to know and understand Man’s External and Internal Reality and its Identity as described by Cells, Tissues, Organs,and Organ Systems

The functional anatomy of hands offers the evidence of creativity to qualify man as a created being

**Man’s Creation – The evidence of Precision Grip.** **A FULLY OPPOSABLE THUMB GIVES THE HUMAN HAND ITS UNIQUE POWER GRIP AND PRECISION GRIP**

WHAT IS CREATION?

**Man’s Creation – The evidence of Precision Grip. Man’s use of hands demonstrates creativity.**

I would like to define creation as the process by which products are created with degrees of variations amongst them and they would appear to be different even when they are related to each other. This variation gives the product of creation an identity, individuality, a sense of uniqueness, and an attribute of distinctiveness. For example, humans and chimpanzees share almost identical genomes, but we are different. This variation is present between different species and amongst members of the same species. Hence, creation could be stated as a process which institutes differences between apparently similar objects and makes them unique and distinct. In the fields of arts, music, literature and others, originality is an attribute of creativity. In creating man, the Creator has displayed His powers of creativity and we can always distinguish one individual from another individual.

WHAT IS THE IDENTITY OF MAN?

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE ORIGIN OF HUMAN SPECIES: THERE IS NO NATURAL CAUSE, NATURAL FACTOR, NATURAL CONDITION, OR NATURAL MECHANISM TO ACCOUNT FOR THE VARIATION SEEN WHEN THE NEANDERTHAL SKULL IS COMPARED WITH THE HUMAN SKULL.

Man is classified as Homo sapiens sapiens- i.e. the sapiens variety of the species Homo sapiens. Modern humans have delicate skeletons. Their skulls are more rounded with a mean cranial capacity of about 1,350 cubic centimeters (82 cubic inches). Their brow ridges generally protrude much less and they have a vertical forehead. The back part of the skulls are more rounded and rarely display the occipital buns found on the back of Neanderthal skulls. Man has jaws and teeth of reduced size, the nose and chin are prominent or projecting. The relatively high foreheads are indicative of both qualitative and quantitative development of the brain. Those areas of the brain concerned with vision, muscular coordination, memory, learning, and communication have especially shown development. A large and complicated brain (which may be called a superior brain), the stereoscopic vision and a corresponding reduction of the sense of smell, the upright posture and the supremely flexible hands are some of our important features. The pelvis and the legs are designed to support weight, help the bipedal propulsion of the body in the erect position, while the feet and toes have lost the prehensility characteristic of the Primates in general. We have been identifying individuals for a long time now. We use several methods to establish the identity. Photos, fingerprints, dental records, iris scans, and DNA are some of the tools used in the identification process.

THE EVIDENCE OF PRECISION GRIP:

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE STATUS OF MAN IN NATURE: The Grasping ability of Hand can perform two functions; 1. The Pressure Grip, and 2. The Precision Grip. The image shows the anatomy of the distal phalanx and its relationship with soft structures that are related to refined manipulation of tools or objects held by the Grip.

The modern humans are different from all other species including other species which have similar features of the genus HOMO.

SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE STATUS OF MAN IN NATURE: While the Modern Man (Homo sapiens sapiens) and Paleolithic Man (Homo sapiens neanderthalis) NEANDERTHAL have similar skeletal features that contribute to the functional ability called the ‘Precision Grip’, the distinction between the two can be easily made when they perform functions making use of that Grip.

Humans use their flexible, grasping hands to explore and utilize the environment in unique ways. A fully opposable thumb and fingers makes the hands capable of both power and precision grips and gives remarkable manipulative abilities. Human hands can skillfully fabricate tools and produce art and sculpture. Man has not only invented tools like needles, he has the manipulative ability to thread a needle and to sew clothes using hides and other materials. The ability to hold a brush and draw paintings sets man apart from other ancestral types which used stone tools and used fire for cooking, for warmth and in hunting.

**Man’s Creation – The evidence of Precision Grip: CRO-MAGNON MAN AND PRECISION GRIP .**

Prehistoric art is a relatively recent development; it first appeared during the Upper Paleolithic Period, the last division of the Old Stone Age. The first cave paintings were discovered in Spain and France belong to the Upper Paleolithic Period (c. 30,000 – c. 10,000 BC). These are associated with the remains of CRO-MAGNON MAN who appeared in Europe about 35,000 years ago. So far, no direct evidence of Neanderthal art has been found.

**SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – THE STATUS OF MAN: THE CRO-MAGNON MAN IS DESCRIBED AS PREHISTORIC MAN. HIS SKULL IS LARGER AND LESS ROUNDED IN SHAPE AS COMPARED TO THE SKULL OF MODERN MAN.**

The CRO-MAGNON MAN would have looked like the present day European man but the CRO-MAGNON had a relatively larger cranial capacity (up to 1590 cubic centimeters) and a broader face. The culture based upon hunting and gathering reached its peak of development about 12,000 years ago. Technical innovations included tools made of bone and ivory, clothing sewn together and a system of reckoning time by the Sun and the Moon. About 10,000 years ago, during the Mesolithic Period, man had invented new weapons such as the bow and arrow and started using ingenious traps, snares and nets to exploit the natural resources.

THE UNIQUENESS ABOUT THE USE OF HANDS:

**Man’s Creation – The evidence of Precision Grip. The use of hands to communicate thoughts, ideas, feelings, moods, and emotions.**

Man uses his hands not only in the performance of non-locomotor activities but also to express his thoughts, ideas, feelings, moods and emotions. We differ from all other species in the manner with which we use our hands to communicate with others. We use our hands to greet others, to show love and affection,to provide comfort and to perform acts of kindness and compassion, to demonstrate anger and displeasure or frustration, to display an obedient and respectful behavior, to derive psycho-sexual gratification, and to communicate in various non-verbal manners. The unique ways in which man uses his hands has produced cultural icons. In India, people use hands to greet others and the greeting is known as ‘NAMASKAR’ or ‘NAMASTE’. Indians greet and worship their Gods and everything that He created in the same manner and with the same greeting of Namaskar which acknowledges the divine creative phenomenon by the display of respect and obedience using hand gestures.

**Man’s Creation – The evidence of Precision Grip**.

If there are over six billion human beings on this planet, I can demonstrate that there are over six billion individual variations by simply testing the use of the precision grip by each individual. These differences are important and give us our identity and this is possible because each one of us is created in a very special manner.

The experience of the magic of creation using the Sensory Experience called Taste

Students continue to use Grant’s textbooks today, and for the more artistic anatomist there’s even a Grant’s Anatomy Coloring Book, published in 2018.

THE IDENTITY OF MULTICELLULAR HUMAN ORGANISM:

**The experience of the magic of creation using the Sensory Experience called Taste.** Cunningham’s Manuals of Practical Anatomy provide me the learning tools to know and understand Man’s External and Internal Reality and its Identity as described by Cells, Tissues, Organs,and Organ Systems

So what is the Identity of this Human person or Human subject who experiences his life using the Sensory Experience such as taste? How does the living Human organism maintain its Identity and Individuality? Apart from the Cultural Traditions of India, several Schools of Religious Thought claim that the Human Individual and its Identity is represented by Human Soul. Where does this soul exist in the human body? What is the location if the soul is present in the living person? Does man have a soul? How does the human organism acquires Knowledge about its own structures and the functions they perform? To know the burdens of Life, I ask my readers to know the reality of man and the nature of his existence.

The Proof of Pudding is in the Eating

THE LEGUME FAMILY AND PULSE CROPS:

**The Proof of Pudding is in the Eating. The Legume Family. Each member is easily described by the taste it imparts.**

The garden pea, Pisum sativum of the legume family (Leguminosae) is a most widely grown vegetable for its high protein content. It is grown since Bronze Age. Humans cultivated peas for millennia. Its relatives are Black-eyed pea, the Chick-pea, and Lentils. The Lentil, Lens culinaris is among the most ancient of cultivated vegetables. India is by far the largest producer of lentils in the world. Lentils are grown for their seeds which are rich in protein, and for animal forage. They range in color from white to green, brown, orange, and violet blue. The grain legumes or pulse crops are a major source of dietary protein. Many legumes like soybean, and peanuts also supply fats and oils.

PROTEINS AND NUTRITION:

**The Proof of Pudding is in the Eating. The role of Proteins in human nutrition.**

Proteins are nitrogen containing molecules essential to maintaining the structure and function of all living organisms. It is derived from the Greek word ‘proteios’- meaning “primary.” Proteins function in a variety of ways. For example, enzymes, hemoglobin, muscles, the collagen of bones, tendons, skin and polypeptide hormones like Insulin. Proteins play a role in virtually every cellular function. For instance, proteins regulate muscle contraction, antibody production, and dilatation and contraction of arterial blood vessels to maintain normal blood pressure. Generally, a lack of protein in the diet retards growth in children and causes a decrease in energy. The National Academy of Sciences in the United States recommends a daily protein intake of about 0.8 to 1.6 grams per kilogram of body weight. Excessive amounts of protein intake puts a burden on the liver and kidneys which excrete the excess nitrogen as urea and uric acid.

**The Proof of Pudding is in the Eating: The Magic of Creation will be appreciated by simply comparing Hemoglobin molecule with Chlorophyll molecule.**

Proteins exist in diverse, complex structures that specify their particular function. Despite the variety of structures, all proteins comprise about 20 amino acids. A primary protein is simply a long chain of amino acids. The sequence of the amino acids in the chain varies with each type of protein. Protein is a critically important part of the diet. Plants synthesize all the amino acids required for building all the necessary proteins. Animals including humans cannot synthesize eight Essential Amino Acids and therefore depend upon animal or plant protein in their food to obtain them. Plants have the ability to combine ammonia, NH3 with the products of photosynthesis to form amino acids. Animals eat the plant proteins, break them down into amino acids during the process of digestion. These amino acids are absorbed into the blood stream, where they travel to tissues throughout the body. Cells build up new proteins from these amino acids in order to build tissues and organs of their bodies or to serve a specific function such as enzymes, hemoglobin, or hormones.

NITROGEN, NITROGEN FIXATION, AND NITROGEN CYCLE:

All living organisms need organic Nitorgen compounds such as Proteins, Vitamins like Thiamine and Riboflavin. In nature, Nitrogen from the air is ‘fixed’ by some bacteria and plants. It is then made available to all organisms through ‘Nitrogen Cycle’.

Nitrogen is a relatively inert, colorless, odorless gas. Nitorgen is the most abundant uncombined element. Air is 78.06 percent nitorgen gas by volume. It occurs as the diatomic molecule N2 which is very stable.

All living organisms participate in the Nitrogen Cycle. It includes the processes and Chemical Reactions involved in producing organic Nitrogen from inorganic Nitrogen and subsequently breaking down organic Nitrogen back to the inorganic form.

The production of a simple nitrogen compound from atmospheric nitrogen is known as Nitrogen Fixation. Several species of soil bacteria (Nitrosomonas, Nitrosococcus, Nitrobacter), some fungi, blue-green algae are involved in the process of Nitrogen Fixation. In nature, nitrogen from the air is converted to nitrates which is used by plants and the nitrogen is made available to all organisms through the Nitrogen Cycle. All living organisms participate in the Nitrogen Cycle which encompasses the processes and chemical reactions involved in producing organic nitogen compounds from inorganic nitrogen and subsequently breaking down organic nitrogen back to the inorganic form. An important genus of nitrogen-fixing bacteria is Rhizobium which forms nodules on the roots of legumes. The bacteria obtain food from the legume, and the legume obtains abundant usable nitrogen compounds from the bacteria. Because of this symbiotic relationship, legumes (alfalfa, beans, and peanuts) are excellent protein sources.

MENDEL’S LAWS OF HEREDITY AND GENETICS:

**The Proof of Pudding is in the Eating. Apart from Nutrition, Proteins are studied by science called Genetics.**

Genetics is the area of biology concerned with the study of inheritance, the process by which certain characteristics of organisms are handed down from parent to offspring.

**The Proof of Pudding is in the Eating. Mendel’s Laws of Inheritance.**

Gregor Mendel, an Austrian monk, demonstrated the inheritance patterns of the garden pea through breeding experimentations in his monastery’s garden. He had discovered in 1866 hereditary factors or genes whose existence he deduced without actually seeing them. Mendel’s statistical analysis of his data provided the mathematical basis for modern genetics.

GENES AND GENETIC CODE:

The Proof of Pudding is in the Eating: Human interest in Coloration lead Gregor Mendel to conduct his famous studies that established the science called Genetics. He conducted experiments studying the white or pinkish flowers of Pea (Pisum sativum) plants.

Inside the nucleus of the cells of the higher organisms, the structures known as chromosomes are made up of units called genes. Each gene is responsible for a particular trait of the organism. Each gene is responsible for the manufacture of a particular protein that is involved in the expression of that trait. While genes are located inside the nucleus of the cell, the actual protein synthesis occurs in the structures known as ribosomes located in the cytoplasm outside the nucleus. The Genetic Code is the chemical equation by which hereditary information is translated from genes into proteins. The constancy of the Genetic Code in all past and present members of the species permit the genes to have the same effects on their carriers from generation to generation. Because of the constancy of the Genetic Code, we have the ability to identify the existence of individual species which maintain and display their species-specific traits.

**The Proof of Pudding is in the Eating. The origin of Genetic Code is unknown. The Genetic Code is Species Specific and each organism always exists as an Individual with Individuality.**

Although the origin of the Genetic Code is unknown, since its formation more than 3 billion years ago, several organisms exist today with the same Genetic Code. The relationship between genes and the human sensory experiences of taste, flavor, and texture of plant and animal proteins is not yet studied in a systematic fashion. In higher organisms, the cells are differentiated to perform special functions. For example, the muscle cells have the ability to contract. Animals may use different modes of locomotion, the physiological function of the muscle cells which is contractility remains the same. While the key ingredients of muscle protein remain the same, man recognizes the existence of different varieties of animal muscle protein by his sensory experience of taste, flavor, and texture. Man applies his culinary skills to improve the palatability of the plant and animal proteins that he consumes as food.

MAN AND FOREIGN PROTEINS:

**The Proof of Pudding is in the Eating: DEFENDING HUMAN EXISTENCE – NATURE OF HUMAN IDENTITY AND INDIVIDUALITY IS REVEALED BY HUMAN DEFENSE MECHANISMS.**

Man refuses to recognize any “evolutionary” connection between his body and other plant and animal proteins. The immune system of human body constantly defends itself from dangerous and sometimes even harmless foreign proteins. About 70 percent of body’s immune cells protect the gastro-intestinal tract. Several people are sensitive to foreign proteins found in milk, eggs, fish, wheat (Gluten), nuts and others.

While people tolerate ingested foreign proteins, the body very often rejects foreign proteins injected or inserted into the body. The proteins found in spider, scorpion, bee, or wasp stings and snake bites are very harmful. The Hypersensitivity reaction known as Anaphylaxis can cause shock and death. Extreme caution is used in the administration of blood transfusions and while using any serum or vaccine. The rejection of foreign substances poses serious problems in tissue and organ transplants.

THE PROOF OF PUDDING IS IN THE EATING:

The Magic of Creation is manifested in the taste sensation imparted by plant and animal proteins. Each has its distinctive species-specific taste. Organisms use similar mechanisms and metabolic processes to build the proteins with the same amino acids. If organisms are related to each other through “evolution”, we should be able to tolerate foreign proteins and our sensory experience should not perceive the variation in taste. When I eat, I taste the Power of Creation which has introduced this variation among all living entities.

**The Proof of Pudding is in the Eating. PHYTOCHEMISTRY OF CHENOPODIUM QUINOA: I USED ANCIENT HARVEST QUINOA HOT CEREAL FLAKES TO CONDUCT THE QUINOA SMELL TEST .**

My Musings on the complex mortal existence with dispassion

**Whole Dude – Whole Realism: Half Full or Half Empty? – What is the real Question?**

Half Full or Half Empty is not the Right Question – Can You Drink the Cup I Drink?

**Whole Dude – Whole Realism: **Half Full or Half Empty? – What is the real Question?** Can You Drink the Cup I Drink?**

Excerpt: When I drink from the ‘Cup of my Life’; What I truly experience from my life, the reality of my condition is more important than my attitude towards existence. The man has no hope to find happiness until and unless he renounces all desires including the desire to find happiness. The man has no choice other than that of living in the moment without concern for either pessimism or optimism. The attitude of dispassion automatically excludes both pessimism and optimism.

HALF FULL OR HALF EMPTY? IS THAT REALLY IMPORTANT?

I drank from that cup. Now, the cup could be described as half full or half empty. Is that really important? The cup that I drink from gives me pain and I experience suffering. What would be the right question if I have to drink from that cup? What I truly experience from my life, the reality of my condition is more important than my attitude towards my existence. The issue is not about optimism or pessimism. I need to focus on knowing the reality and I need to face the reality about what I experience when I drink from that Cup of my Life.

IS IT POSSIBLE FOR THIS CUP TO BE TAKEN AWAY FROM ME ?

I would answer this question from a reading from The New Testament of The Holy Bible. I would like to quote verses 36 to 44, chapter 26, The Gospel According to Matthew.

36. Then Jesus came with His disciples to a place called Gethsemane and said to them, “Sit here while I go and pray over there.”

37. And He took with Him Peter and the two sons of Zebedee, and He began to be sorrowful and deeply distressed.

38. Then He said to them, “My soul is exceedingly sorrowful, even to death. Stay here and watch with Me.”

39. He went a little farther and fell on His face, and prayed, saying, “O My Father, if it is possible let this cup pass from Me; nevertheless not as I will, but as You will.”

40. Then He came to the disciples and found them sleeping, and said to Peter, “What! Could you not watch with Me one hour?

41.”Watch and pray, lest you enter into temptation. The spirit indeed is willing, but the flesh is weak.”

42. Again, a second time, He went away and prayed, saying, “O My Father, if this cup cannot pass away from Me unless I drink it, may Your will be done.”

43. And He came and found them asleep again, for their eyes were heavy.

44. So He left them, went away again, and prayed the third time, saying the same words.

Jesus had prayed three times, saying the same words. It was not possible for the cup to pass away and Jesus had to drink from the cup.

THE TEACHINGS OF GAUTAMA BUDDHA:

Whole Dude – Whole Realism: Lord Gautama Buddha has laid the foundation for understanding Pain and Suffering that is implicit in Human Existence. Half Full or Half Empty? – What is the real Question? Can You Drink the Cup I Drink?

At age 29, Prince Siddhartha realized that humans are subject to old age, sickness, disability and death. He became aware of the suffering implicit in human existence. Buddha described the nature of reality and Dharma (“true law”) as the Four Noble Truths (1) life is fundamentally disappointment and suffering; (2) suffering is a result of one’s desires for pleasure, power, and continued existence; (3) to stop disappointment and suffering one must stop desiring and (4) the way to stop desiring and thus suffering is the Noble Eightfold Path- right views, intention, speech, conduct, livelihood, effort, mindfulness, and concentration.

From the hymns popularly known as Bhaja Govindam, while I drink from the Cup of my Life, I will keep contemplate on the concept of dispassion:

“KASYA SUKHAM NA KAROTI VIRAGAH”

suramandira-taru-mūla-nivāsaḥ
śayyā bhūtalamajinaṃ vāsaḥ ।
sarva-parigraha-bhōgatyāgaḥ
kasya sukhaṃ na karōti virāgaḥ ॥ 19 ॥

Living in temples or at the foot of trees, sleeping on the ground, wearing deer-skin, renouncing all possessions and their enjoyment – to whom will not dispassion bring happiness?

The verse 19 in Shankaracharya’s Bhaja Govindam questions, “Kasya sukham na karoti viragah?”, which means, “What pleasure cannot be given by dispassion?” It gives all the pleasures because you are so totally living in the moment.

The man has no hope to find happiness until and unless he renounces all desires including the desire to find happiness. The man has no choice other than that of living in the moment without concern for either pessimism or optimism. The attitude of dispassion automatically excludes both pessimism and optimism.

**Whole Dude – Whole Realism: Half Full or Half Empty doesn’t change the reality of the experience.**

**Whole Dude – Whole Realism: The Cup of Life holds for me Pain, Humiliation, and Loss of Face.**

Discovering the reality of existence without pessimism or optimism

**The Rudi-Grant Connection studies the reality of existence without pessimism or optimism. Is my Cup Half Full, or Half Empty is not the right question.**

**The Rudi-Grant Connection studies the reality of existence without optimism or pessimism. Credit. Jessica A Grant.**

badge, headdress, British, Royal Army Medical Corps (INS 8067) Brass cap badge of the rod of Aesculapius with a serpent entwined round it, head uppermost and looking left, all within a laurel wreath. Above, an Imperial (King’s) crown and below, a scroll bearing ROYAL ARMY MEDICAL CORPS. Slider to reverse. Copyright: � IWM. Original Source: http://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/30078877

Grant became a decorated serviceman of the Royal Army Medical Corps during the First World War before moving to Canada. He established himself as an ‘anatomist extraordinary’ at the University of Toronto, publishing three textbooks that form the basis of Grant’s Anatomy. The textbooks are still used in anatomy classes today, and made unforgettable memories for those who found themselves in his classes nearly a century ago. One of Grant’s many accomplishments was establishing a division of histology within the department.

**The Rudi-Grant Connection studies the reality of existence without optimism or pessimism**

John Charles Boileau Grant (1886–1973)

The Cap Badges and the Insignia of the British Royal Medical Corps and the Indian Army Medical Corps reveal the Rudi-Grant Connection. The Indian Army Medical Corps was created from the British Royal Army Medical Corps.

John Charles Boileau Grant 1886-1973

The author of Grant’s Atlas of Anatomy (1943), Grant used to train thousands of medical students around the world. He came to University of Toronto’s Faculty of Medicine from University of Manitoba (and previously Edinburgh), and was Chair of the Department of Anatomy there from 1930 to 1965. Although he is best known for this famous atlas, his research and teaching also included biological anthropology, as evidenced by such work as Anthropometry of the Cree and Saulteaux Indians in Northeastern Manitoba (Archaeological Survey of Canada 1929). The human skeletal collection he formed, the “J.C.B. Grant Collection,” is still a core collection for human osteology in the Department of Anthropology at University of Toronto. He is also remembered in the Grant’s Museum at the Medical Sciences Building at the University of Toronto. This museum, with its displays of anatomical specimens, many of which were dissected by Grant himself, continues to be used in an active learning environment by more than 1000 students each year.

Students continue to use Grant’s textbooks today, and for the more artistic anatomist there’s even a Grant’s Anatomy Coloring Book, published in 2018.

THE IDENTITY OF MULTICELLULAR HUMAN ORGANISM:

The Rudi-Grant Connection studies the reality of existence without optimism or pessimism. Dr John Daniel Cunningham (b. April 15, 1850, d. July 23, 1909), Scottish physician and professor of Anatomy. Cunningham’s Manual of Practical Anatomy has provided me the learning tools to know and understand Man’s External and Internal Reality and its Identity as described by Cells, Tissues, Organs,and Organ Systems.

I learned about the human body while dissecting the body in a systematic manner. The Manual of Practical Anatomy which guides us through this entire process was published in England. The author Dr. Daniel John Cunningham prepared the Manual while dissecting cadavers of British or Irish citizens. He had never encountered cadavers of Indian citizens. At Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India, where I was a student, the Department of Anatomy obtains dead bodies from Government General Hospital Kurnool and most of the deceased are the poor, illiterate, and uneducated people of that region. None of the deceased had the chance to know this man called Cunningham and Cunningham had no knowledge about the existence of these people who arrive on our dissection tables. But, as the dissection of the human body proceeds, inch, by inch, we recognize the anatomical parts as described by Cunningham. The manual also lists some anatomical variations and we very often exchange information between various dissection tables and recognize the variations mentioned. The dissections also involve slicing the organs and studying them, both macroscopically, and microscopically. We did not miss any part of the human body. So what is the Identity of this Human person or Human subject? How does the living Human organism maintain its Identity and Individuality? Apart from the Cultural Traditions of India, several Schools of Religious Thought claim that the Human Individual and its Identity is represented by Human Soul. Where does this soul exist in the human body? What is the location if the soul is present in the living person? Does man have a soul? How does the human organism acquires Knowledge about its own structures and the functions they perform?

Half Full or Half Empty is not the Right Question – Can You Drink the Cup I Drink?

**Whole Dude – Whole Question: **Half Full or Half Empty? – What is the real Question?** Can You Drink the Cup I Drink?**