SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – WHOLISTIC MEDICINE: THE CELEBRATION OF LIFE. A SPECIAL TRIBUTE TO PROFESSOR RENE JULES DUBOS(February 20, 1901 to February 20, 1982) of The Rockefeller University, a Microbiologist, Humanist-Philosopher
Holism is described as the view that an organic or integrated whole has an independent reality which cannot be understood simply through understanding of its parts. The term or phrase “HOLISTIC” deals with a view that is concerned with whole or integrated systems rather than with their parts.
SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – WHOLISTIC MEDICINE: THE CELEBRATION OF LIFE OF PROFESSOR RENE DUBOS AND HIS CONTRIBUTION TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF HOLISTIC OR WHOLISTIC MEDICINE.
I am indeed pleased to write this blog post in Celebration of Life, the life of Professor Rene Jules Dubos of The Rockefeller University, the French-American Microbiologist who had advocated the need to perceive man as a Whole Person. The term ‘Whole’ means auspicious, sound, uninjured, healthy, entire, complete, intact, containing all the elements or parts or constituting the entire amount, extent, and number. When the term ‘Whole’ is applied to a human being, it must state all aspects of one’s being that are instrumental to the establishment of the existence of that Living Being.
SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – WHOLISTIC MEDICINE: Professor Rene Dubos won the Pulitzer Prize for his work titled “SO HUMAN AN ANIMAL – HOW WE ARE SHAPED BY SURROUNDINGS AND EVENTS” during 1969.
Professor Rene Dubos is credited for discovering the first commercially produced antibiotic, Tyrothricin-Gramicidin, an antibiotic that is effective against Gram-Positive bacteria. He isolated the antibiotic from soil microorganisms. He laid the basis for chemotherapy. Rene Dubos played a great role in promoting our understanding of environmental and social determinants of human health and disease. In his book, ‘Mirage of Health’ (1959) he had expressed the view that man will never be free from disease because man has to continuously adapt to environmental changes. Disease results from the dynamic process of life, a process of adaptation to constant changes, both in the internal living condition, and in the external environment in which man physically exists. In his book, ‘So Human An Animal’, Rene Dubos contends that each human being is unique, unprecedented, and unrepeatable. For the same reasons that Dubos had shared, I describe man as a ‘Created Being’, the being that exists with unique, one of its own kind, original Genome which has never existed in the past, and will never again exist in the future. Rene Dubos expresses the concern that each person faces the critical danger of losing this very humaneness to his mechanized surroundings: “People spend their days in a confusion of concrete and steel, trapped in the midst of noise, dirt, ugliness, and absurdity.”
SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – WHOLISTIC MEDICINE: Professor Rene Dubos in his book, ‘MAN ADAPTING'(1965) speaks about the man who has to continuously adapt to environmental changes.
The medical term ‘Etiology’ describes the causes or origins of disease. Professor Rene Dubos had promoted the understanding of the disease as a consequence of the relationships between the host, the etiological agents such as the disease-causing bacteria, and parasites under the influence of social, and environmental conditions that demand man to adapt to constant changes in his living conditions.
SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – WHOLISTIC MEDICINE: In his book, ‘A GOD WITHIN'(1972), Professor Rene Dubos speaks about the importance of developing richness and diversity in Life at various levels. It provides a perspective on Ecological Crisis.
Professor Rene Dubos provides a perspective on Ecological Crisis and seeks positive values in man’s relationship to Nature. He sees hope in Benedictine stewardship. He speaks of “The Demon within”..”The thrust of technology and institutions that may run counter to living in harmony with nature.”
SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – WHOLISTIC MEDICINE: Professor Rene Dubos in his book, ‘REASON AWAKE : SCIENCE FOR MAN(1970) describes the impact of scientific knowledge and advancement on humanity and civilization.SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – WHOLISTIC MEDICINE: In his book, ‘THE WOOING OF EARTH'(1980), Professor Rene Dubos stated his famous dictum, “THINK GLOBALLY AND ACT LOCALLY.” He developed a Philosophy of Man in his Environment.SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – WHOLISTIC MEDICINE: Professor Rene Dubos shared a Philosophy of Man in his Environment. Man always exists in a given physical environment, and lives as a biological member participating in biotic interactions with his biological community.
In various books that Professor Rene Dubos had authored, he developed a Philosophy of Man in his Environment. He stressed the importance of man’s relationship to the natural environment. Some of his works include, ‘Health and Disease'(1965), ‘Man, Medicine, and Environment'(1968), and ‘Beast or Angel'(1974). He described human choices and interventions to shape life, environment, and civilization. He paved the way for social action to combat environmental problems and to prevent environmental degradation that have health consequences.
In his final book, ‘The Celebration of Life'(1981), Professor Rene Dubos stressed the importance of understanding life in the context of the entire web of ecological relationships. The famous dictum of this book is: “WHEREVER HUMAN BEINGS ARE INVOLVED, TREND IS NOT DESTINY.” I am hopeful that this ‘Destiny’ of man will be shaped by God’s Unconditioned Love that flows Beyond the Good and Evil Behavior of Man.
WholeChrist – WholeLove – Nietzsche: “That which is done out of Love always takes place beyond Good and Evil.” Man with his Good or Evil actions and behavior cannot control the flow of God’s Unconditioned or ‘WholeLove’.
IN GOD WE TRUST – WHO IS MY NEIGHBOR: To know and to understand God’s purpose in Human Life, man must know his neighbor. Man cannot obey God’s Commandment if the term ‘Neighbor’ is not understood. The Parable of The Good Samaritan from The New Testament Gospel According to Saint Luke, Chapter 10, verses 25 – 37 give a clear description of the term ‘Neighbor’. This understanding of the term ‘Neighbor’ is relevant in the context of the discussion about the US Immigration Reform.
IN GOD WE TRUST – WHO IS MY NEIGHBOR: The Parable of The Good Samaritan defines the term ‘Neighbor’ as a person who comes to the aid of another who is entirely helpless. A Good Samaritan has signified a “true Neighbor”, a generous and self-forgetful person. I am exploring the concept of a true ‘Neighbor’ to formulate my opinion on the US Immigration Reform.
I am writing this blog post to recognize Mark Elliot Zuckerberg, the Founder, Chairman, and CEO of Facebook, Inc., as my true ‘Neighbor’, or ‘The Good Samaritan’. To know and to understand God’s purpose in human life, we need to clearly understand the meaning of ‘Neighbor’. The concept of ‘Neighbor’ cannot be simply derived by describing a person’s place of residence, the country of residence, or things situated near one another. My religion, my race, my ethnicity, my skin color, my gender, my language, my country of origin, or my place of residence cannot conclusively determine the identity of my ‘Neighbor’. To recognize Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg as my ‘Neighbor’, I seek the understanding provided by The Parable of The Good Samaritan that is narrated in The New Testament Book, The Gospel According to Saint Luke, Chapter 10, verses 25 to 37.
IN GOD WE TRUST – WHO IS MY NEIGHBOR: This young man aged 29-years, Mark Elliot Zuckerberg(born. May 14, 1984), the Founder, Chairman and CEO of Facebook, Inc., could be recognized as a true ‘Neighbor’, ‘The Good Samaritan’ concept is based upon the nature of his generous actions to help others who are not able to help themselves. I am defining the term ‘Neighbor’ to seek clarity in our discussion about the US Immigration Reform. I commend Zuckerberg for finding organizations such as FWD.us to advocate for Immigration Reform.
The term ‘Samaritan’ originally refers to a native or inhabitant of Samaria, a district of ancient Israel between Galilee and Judea which in the Biblical times belonged to the North Kingdom of the Hebrews. These residents of Samaria represent a sectarian Jewish Community who were colonists introduced after the Assyrian conquest of the region during 722 B.C. The Samaritans adopted a form of Judaism based entirely on ‘Pentateuch'(the first five books of The Old Testament) the Scripture revealed by Prophet Moses whom they recognize as the only Prophet. The Jews refused to recognize Samaritans as their ‘neighbors’ and had treated them as strangers or even as enemies. The Jews had refused to let the Samaritans participate in building the Second Temple in Jerusalem and the Samaritans built their own Temple on Mount Gerizim which was destroyed in 128 B.C. This historical context must be understood while reading the Parable of The Good Samaritan and to derive the meaning of ‘Neighbor’. The story begins when an expert in the Law stood up to test Jesus and had asked, “What must I do to inherit eternal life?” To inherit eternal life, the expert on Law had correctly stated that the Scripture demands, “‘Love the Lord your God with all your heart and with all your soul and with all your strength and with all your mind’; and, ‘Love your neighbor as yourself’.” The expert in the Law had further asked Jesus to explain, “And who is my neighbor?” Jesus responds by sharing the Parable of The Good Samaritan which described the actions of a Priest, a Levite, and a Samaritan and Jesus concluded the story by asking the expert in the Law, “Which of these do you think was a neighbor to the man who fell into the hands of robbers?” The expert in the Law replied, “The one who had mercy on him.” Jesus told the expert in the Law, “Go and do likewise.” To inherit eternal life, man has to perform actions apart from loving Lord God. Man has no ability to reflect or return God’s Unconditioned Love even while man chooses to love God with all his heart, all his soul, with all his strength, and with all his mind. Fundamentally, there is a problem as man has no true ability to recognize God’s existence and man has no true Knowledge of God’s existence. However, man has the ability to recognize the existence of a fellow human being. Man has a chance to redeem himself in his actions and interactions with his fellow human beings. To inherit eternal life, man needs the Grace, Mercy, and Compassion of the Lord God and man can easily qualify himself to receive God’s Mercy by simply showing some compassion in his actions to respond and to provide some assistance to another person who is in a disabled situation and cannot help himself.
WHO IS MY NEIGHBOR??? WHY IMMIGRATION REFORM ???:
IN GOD WE TRUST – WHO IS MY NEIGHBOR: I would like to recognize my ‘Neighbor’ if I have to Love my ‘Neighbor’. In this context of knowing my ‘Neighbor’. I would like to know the Legal, and the Illegal Residents of The United States of America. To receive the Blessings of eternal life, man has to learn to recognize and to love his ‘Neighbor’. I would apply this principle to enact legislation that may bring Immigration Reform and improve neighborly relations among all the residents of the United States.
The United States must take pride in itself and must also give the opportunity to others to cherish the place with a sense of pride.
IN GOD WE TRUST – WHO IS MY NEIGHBOR: President John F. Kennedy is known to me for he founded the military organization called the Special Frontier Force – Establishment No. 22 during 1962 to secure Freedom, Democracy, Peace, and Justice in the occupied Land of Tibet. President Kennedy had acted as a ‘True Neighbor’ of Tibet when he acted with compassion after recognizing the plight of helpless Tibetan people. The United States must reflect its true national values in the manner in which it treats its alien residents.
Facebook CEO, Mark Zuckerberg founded on April 11, 2013, FWD.us.,(http://FWD.us/), a 501(c)(4) Lobbying group that aims to lobby and advocate for Immigration Reform to provide some relief to about 11 million immigrants that are estimated to be living in the United States without being Legal Residents. The US Senate passed a comprehensive bill last June but, the legislation has stalled in the US House where Republicans have rejected a comprehensive approach to Immigration Reform. Mark Zuckerberg and his organization FWD.us has launched a nationwide advertisement campaign on Monday, March 03, 2014 that implores US House Republicans to act this year on legislation overhauling the nation’s Immigration System.
IN GOD WE TRUST – WHO IS MY NEIGHBOR: President Barack Obama displayed the spirit of a true ‘Neighbor’ and had implored the Members of the US Congress to take urgent action to implement the Immigration Reform.
IN GOD WE TRUST – WHO IS MY NEIGHBOR: The debate about Immigration Reform may have to define the term ‘Neighbor’ and may seek to establish good neighborly relations among fellow human beings and among all residents of the United States.
IN GOD WE TRUST – WHO IS MY NEIGHBOR: The issue of Immigration Reform involves knowing our ‘Neighbors’ and knowing the benefits of good neighborly relations among all residents of the Social Community.
IN GOD WE TRUST – WHO IS MY NEIGHBOR: I am presenting the Parable of The Good Samaritan to define the term ‘Neighbor’ in the context of the debate on Immigration Reform in the United States. I confer the Blessings of Eternal Life on Mark Zuckerberg, Chairman and CEO of Facebook, Inc.,
In the context of the debate on Immigration Reform in the United States, I make this attempt to define my ‘true neighbor’. I recognize Mark Zuckerberg, Chairman and CEO of Facebook, Inc., as the ‘Good Samaritan’, and I am pleased to write that I would seek to confer the Blessings of Eternal Life on Mark Zuckerberg in due acknowledgment of his efforts to promote good neighborly relations among the residents of the United States.
Special Frontier Force as a military organization symbolizes the recognition of Tibet as a Sovereign Nation and it specifically acknowledges that the Institution of Dalai Lama and the person holding this title as the true independent, ruler of Tibet apart from being a high-ranking priest of Tibetan Buddhism.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE: The title ‘Dalai Lama’ is not simply about the person known as Tenzin Gyatso. The term is applied to a Sovereign, political institution of Tibet that provides a system of governance based upon popular belief in traditional Tibetan Buddhism. The Tibetan soldiers who serve in Special Frontier Force do not acknowledge any superior authority and they owe their total allegiance to their Supreme Commander called Dalai Lama.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE: His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama speaking with US President Barack Obama during their meeting in the Map Room of The White House in Washington, DC on Friday, February 21, 2014.(Official White House photo by Pete Souza)
Special Frontier Force is a military organization jointly founded by the United States, India, and Tibet during the presidency of John F. Kennedy. The US and Indian nationals who serve in this organization derive their authority over the Tibetan soldiers of this organization by virtue of the power granted by Dalai Lama the Supreme Commander of the Tibetan Force. On March 31, 1959, His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama had arrived in India as a political exile and was granted political asylum in India. He had established the Tibetan Government-in-Exile which is based in Dharamsala of India.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE: His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama speaking with US President Barack Obama during their meeting in the Map Room of The White House in Washington, DC on July 16, 2011.
The United States often describes His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama as a spiritual, and cultural leader of Tibetan people without explaining the cultural aspects of Tibetan governance. In Tibetan Culture, the title Dalai Lama is given to the Leader or Chief who provides a system of Government. The Dalai Lama has the same executive powers that are typically exercised by the Head of State of any independent, sovereign nation. The title of Dalai Lama is the equivalent of titles such as President or Prime Minister who hold the executive power in nations like the United Sates, India, and Great Britain.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE: His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama speaking with US President Barack Obama during their meeting in the Map Room of The White House, Washington, DC on February 18, 2010.
THE SOVEREIGN, POLITICAL INSTITUTION OF DALAI LAMA:
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE: His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama who has visited The White House on numerous occasions during the last 30 years is the rebirth of a long line of “TULKUS” who descend from the Compassionate Bodhisattva named “AVALOKITESVARA.”
His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama who had visited The White House in Washington, DC on February 21, 2014 and on numerous other occasions meeting with various US Presidents during the last 30 years, is the rebirth of a long line of “TULKUS” who descend from the Compassionate Bodhisattva named “AVALOKITESVARA.” In Tibetan Buddhism, a “TULKU” is a particularly high-ranking Lama, of whom the Dalai Lama is one. But, it is very important to recognize Dalai Lama as a ‘Hierarch’, a Leader or Chief who provides a system of Government. The Sovereign, political institution of Dalai Lama is formally known as ‘Ganden Phodrang’. The succession of this ‘hierarchy’ is maintained by the discovery of a child born soon after the death of a Dalai Lama into whom the ‘Spirit’ of the deceased has entered.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE: Tenzin Gyatso(b. 1935), the 14th Dalai Lama’s Enthronement Ceremony on 22 February, 1940. Dalai Lama is the ruler of Tibet.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE: The 14th Dalai Lama sitting on the throne in this photo image of 1956-57 while Tibet came under Communist China’s military occupation during 1950. With military assistance from the United Sates and India, Tibetans had revolted against the Communists and the Dalai Lama fled into exile when the massive Tibetan Uprising failed during March 1959.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE: The Sovereign, political institution of Dalai Lama is formally known as ‘Ganden Phodrang’ and this is the Official Seal of the Tibetan Government.
The Great Fifth Dalai Lama, Lobsang Gyatso(1617-1682) founded the Ganden Phodrang Government of Tibet in 1642. During his reign, the Potala Palace on the Red Hill in Lhasa was built. The successive Dalai Lamas have headed the Tibetan Nation for nearly four centuries. The name “DALAI” is the anglicized version of Mongolian word “TA -LE” which is used as an honorific title and the equivalent of the Tibetan “RGYA-MTSHO” meaning Sea or Ocean which suggests the breadth and depth of wisdom and the temporal power of Dalai Lama on Tibetan way of life. Tibetans call the Dalai Lama as ‘Rgyal-ba Rin-po-che’ which means ‘Great Precious Conqueror. The Third Dalai Lama, Sonam Gyatso(1543-1588) had received this honorific title during 1578 while on a visit to the Mongol Chief Altan Khan who had applied this title retrospectively to the previous hierarchs making Gendun Drupa(1391-1474) the First Dalai Lama, and Gendun Gyatso(1475-1542) who became the Second Dalai Lama. This strong hierarchical organization of Tibetan Buddhism and the governance of Tibet has become the focus of Tibetan Cultural Identity and Tibetan National Character. The Eighth Dalai Lama, Jamphel Gyatso(1758-1804) fought a war with the Gurkha troops from Nepal and had defeated them with some assistance from Manchu China. Tibet existed in a serene and unperturbed state for several centuries even while Tibet came under the control of the Yuan or Mongol Dynasty of China. In 1644, Chinese Manchu, Qing or Ching Dynasty was established and Tibet during the reign of its Seventh Dalai Lama, Kelsang Gyatso(1708-1757) came under Manchu China’s nominal protection although for the most part, the Tibetans retained full control over their internal affairs. The Manchu China Dynasty was overthrown in 1911 and the 13th Dalai Lama, Thupten Gyatso(1876-1933) had expelled the Manchu China’s troops from Tibet, promptly reasserted Tibet’s full Independence. The Great 13th Dalai Lama ruled with full personal authority and reigned as head of a Sovereign State. He had further formally announced Tibet’s full Independence on February 13, 1913.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE: The Potala Palace on the Red Hill in Lhasa was built during the reign of Lobsang Gyatso(1617-1682), the Great Fifth Dalai Lama. The Sovereign Authority of the Dalai Lama as the Ruler of Tibet was established before the US President became the Chief Executive of the United States.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE: Special Frontier Force was founded by the United States, India, and Tibet during 1962 to defend the Tibetan Nation represented by this Flag. The Command and Control of the Tibetan soldiers, the chief fighting element of the Special Frontier Force is based upon the Supreme Authority of the institution of Dalai Lama.
Tibetans celebrate the 13th day of February as Tibetan Independence Day in recognition of their sovereignty. Being ‘Sovereign’ means that Tibetans do not acknowledge any superior and being a Sovereign Nation, Tibet has the full power to levy War, conclude Peace, contract alliances, establish Commerce and do all other acts and things which independent states may have the right to do. For 39 years, from 1911 to 1950, Tibet had indeed existed as an Independent Nation and had signed the bilateral “Mc Mahon Treaty” in Delhi during 1914 following the ‘Simla Agreement’. During October 1950, Communist China’s People’s Liberation Army invaded Tibetan soil and Tibet has come under China’s military occupation. It will be incorrect to suggest that Tibet is a part of China. Tibetans do not acknowledge China’s rule and Special Frontier Force is a military alliance that symbolizes the Tibetan Resistance Movement to oppose the occupation of Tibet. I am pleased to share a few photo images of His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama, the living symbol of the Tibetan Resistance Movement when he visited The White House in recent past.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE: The construction of The White House started in 1792. The United States started diplomatic relations with Tibet as it got alarmed by the Communist takeover of China during 1949. However, the 14th Dalai Lama is the first Dalai Lama who has ever visited The White House.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE: On April 16, 1991, the 14th Dalai Lama met with US President George H.W. Bush during his first visit to The White House. President Bush had served as the Director of Central Intelligence Agency during 1976-77 and was directly associated with the military organization called Special Frontier Force.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE: The 14th Dalai Lama met with US President Bill Clinton on June 20, 2000 at The White House.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE: His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama speaking with US President George Bush during their meeting in The White House on September 10, 2003.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE: His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama speaking with US President George Bush during their meeting at The White House in Washington, DC on November 09, 2005.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE AT THE WHITE HOUSE: His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama speaking with US President Bill Clinton during their meeting in The White House in Washington, DC.
I would like to respectfully submit to my readers that the term “DALAI LAMA” recognizes the person who represents the sovereign, political institution, the seat of Tibetan Government and Tibetan Sovereignty. Kindly permit me to offer you my “TASHI DELEK” greetings to all of you to seek your support for Tibetan Freedom from occupation.
SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – BEHOLD THE MAN – ECCE HOMO:
SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – BEHOLD THE MAN – ECCE HOMO: Roman Governor of Judea, Pontius Pilate of 1st century A.D. had presented Jesus to a big crowd of Jews of Jerusalem making this announcement: “Ecce Homo.”( etcha homo. Latin. Behold The Man). This reality of Jesus actually represents the fundamental problem of man who exists as a prisoner because of the problem called ‘Sin’. To liberate man from the burden of Sin, Jesus was arrested and was tried like a criminal. I would like to Behold Jesus, the Son of Man to describe the physiological function called ‘Homeostasis’ that maintains stability and equilibrium to keep constant the conditions of Life.
SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – BEHOLD THE MAN – ECCE HOMO: Friedrich Wilhelm Nietzsche(1844-1900), German philosopher wrote his last book titled “Ecce Homo: How One Becomes What One Is” in 1888 before losing his mental lucidity. I Behold The Man to describe the physiological condition called ‘Homeostasis’ that provides stability and equilibrium within the organism to maintain all the vital mechanisms to keep the conditions of Life constant in the face of varied internal and external environmental conditions.
I define the term ‘Spirituality’ as an internal mutually beneficial partnership between the cells, the tissues, and the organ systems of the human organism and the Whole Organism which exists as the human being. Spirituality brings structural unity and functional harmony and is the fundamental basis for man to discover Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility in his living condition and in his living experience in any given external environment as a member of any given external community. In terms of Science, the human being is a biological community of independent cells and each exists with its own internal environment and an external environment and constantly interacts with its own intracellular organelles and other living cells found in its external environment. Similarly, man has an internal environment called ‘Milieu Interieur’ and the organism tries to maintain ‘Homeostasis’ which is defined as the tendency to maintain internal stability by coordinated responses of the organ systems that automatically compensate for environmental changes and it is analogous to maintenance of stability or equilibrium while participating in social interactions within a social group. French physiologist, Dr. Claude Bernard(1813-1878) described ‘Homeostasis’: “All the vital mechanisms, varied as they are, have only one object; that of preserving constant the conditions of Life.” In this context of the structural and functional relationship of the human organism to maintain stability and equilibrium within the organism and while participating in social interactions within a social group, I would ask my readers to “Behold The Man.” I would like to present two men and provide a contrast as to how their ‘Homeostasis’ was compromised and as to how they failed to keep their existence; 1. due to an external threat to existence posed by the social group in which the individual lived and participated in social interactions, and 2. due to an internal threat posed by another living organism with which the individual participated in biotic interactions.
BEHOLD THE MAN – ECCE HOMO – THE SON OF MAN:
SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – BEHOLD THE MAN – ECCE HOMO: Jesus Christ, the Son of Man, lived as a human being. The phrase ‘Ecce Homo'(Latin. Behold The Man) is used to describe a picture or statue of Jesus wearing a Crown of Thorns. This picture describes the nature of man’s dependent and conditioned existence. Man in his mind and imagination makes himself “Free” and in reality exists as a Slave to a sinful nature. Man can either exist as a Slave of God or as a Slave of Sin. There is no “Freedom” or “Salvation”, or “Liberation”, or Deliverance from Bondage without the operation of an uplifting Force of God’s Unconditioned Love called “Divine Providence”, the Force of Mercy, Grace, and Compassion called “KRUPA” in Indian Sanskrit language.
The Vulgate or Latin Version of the Bible, the official biblical text of the Roman Catholic Church, in the New Testament Book of The Gospel According to Apostle John, Chapter 19, verses 4 and 5 describe the words used by the Roman Governor of Judea, Pontius Pilate when he presented Jesus to a huge crowd of Jews that had gathered outside his palace to demand that Jesus must be punished by Crucifixion: Once more Pilate came out and said to the Jews, “Look, I am bringing him out to you to let you know that I find no basis for a charge against him.” When Jesus came out wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe, Pilate said to them, “Ecce Homo !”(Behold The Man)
SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – BEHOLD THE MAN – ECCE HOMO: Man leads a dependent and conditioned existence. The existence of Jesus, the Son of Man was conditioned by God’s Plan for humanity who acquired Sin through acts of disobedience that violated God’s Will and Purpose in man’s life. Jesus when confronted by an external threat, the demand for crucifixion, that takes away the stability and equilibrium needed for his existence, He did not beg for mercy, did not plead with Pilate to set Him free. The existence of Jesus as a human being was threatened from the time of His conception for He was sent to the world to live in an environment and interact with a social community that had already inherited Sin.
To maintain Life, man has to always preserve the stability and equilibrium of his internal and external living conditions. But, man constantly faces several threats to his existence and these threats may exist within or without, the environment in which the existence is maintained. Jesus faced the threat called the demand for his crucifixion because of His social interactions with members of His own social community of Jews who failed to understand God’s Will and God’s Purpose in human life. The Roman Governor of Judea, Pontius Pilate was unwilling to find any crime in the conduct of Jesus and had repeatedly told the gathering of Jews that he finds no basis for a charge against Him. Pilate very reluctantly imposed the capital punishment not only because of the insistent demand of Jews , but because of the unwillingness of Jesus to beg for mercy or pleading to set Him free. Apostle John has reported on the conversation between Pilate and Jesus 😦 John 19:10-11) “Do you refuse to speak to me?” Pilate said, “Don’t you realize I have power either to free you or to crucify you?” Jesus answered, “You have no power over me if it were not given to you from above. Therefore the one who handed me over to you is guilty of a greater sin.” Before His arrest and trial by Pilate, Jesus had demonstrated various kinds of supernatural powers and had performed miracles. In fact, both the Jews and the Romans had mockingly told Jesus that He could save Himself from crucifixion using supernatural powers and prove His claim to be ‘The Son of God’. I understand the Biblical narration of crucifixion to behold the human being, to understand the human condition that has no real freedom and is simply dependent upon an external source of support called ‘Providence’. Jesus who had stated that His mission or purpose in life as that of sharing the ‘Truth’, knows that the human being has no ‘Free Will’ and understands that man has no choice apart from living in obedience to God’s Will and Purpose in human life. It is not surprising to find that Jesus made no attempt to run away from the threat, and did nothing to defend His existence. He had simply desired to bear witness to God’s Will and God’s purpose of His human existence. Jesus as a Spiritual Being showed patience and showed tolerance of people who were persecuting Him and for His Deliverance, He called upon His Father: “Jesus called out with a loud voice, ‘Father, into your hands I commit my spirit.’ When he said this, he breathed his last.”(The New Testament Book of the Gospel According to Apostle Luke, Chapter 23, verse #46). The fact that Jesus has simply existed like any other mortal human being is revealed in His final announcement as mentioned in The Gospel According to Apostle John, Chapter 19, verse#28 which reads: Later, knowing that all was now completed, and so that the Scripture would be fulfilled, Jesus said, “I am thirsty.” In my view, thirst is the clearest symptom of mortal existence.
BEHOLD THE MAN – ECCE HOMO – NIETZSCHE:
SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – BEHOLD THE MAN – ECCE HOMO: Nietzsche wrote this book in 1888 and it was published twenty years later in 1908. He signs the book “Dionysus versus the Crucified.” Nietzsche made an attempt to draw a contrast between himself and Jesus Christ.
Spirituality Science – Behold The Man – Ecce Homo: In his final book, Nietzsche claimed that he truly is a man and in his view, to be a “man” alone is to be more than a “Christ.”
To Behold The Man called Nietzsche, as a practitioner of Medicine, I would give a least amount of attention to his views and perspectives about human values and human existence. I would like to ascertain his complete medical history and assess his medical condition through a careful physical examination and use any investigative tools that may help me to know the man under my observation. Nietzsche born October 05, 1844 was apparently in good health during 1864 when he went to the University of Bonn to study theology and classical philology and in 1865 he transferred to University of Leipzig. He began military service in October 1867 in the cavalry company of an artillery regiment, sustained a serious chest injury while mounting a horse in March 1868. He resumed his studies in University of Leipzig in October 1868 while on extended sick leave from the military. In 1869, the University of Leipzig conferred the doctorate without examination or dissertation and paved the way for his selection for professorship in classical philology(Linguistics) in the University of Basel, Switzerland. He took leave during August 1870 when he had participated in Franco-Prussian War as a voluntary medical orderly. He had to quit that service when he contracted dysentery and diphtheria. His health problems continued to persist and by October 1876, Nietzsche requested and received a year’s sick leave. Because his health continued to deteriorate steadily he resigned his professorial chair on June 14, 1879. Nietzsche was seriously ill, half-blind, in virtually unrelenting pain during a decade of isolation from 1879 to 1889. He lived in boarding houses in Switzerland, France, and Italy with only limited human contacts. His most acknowledged literary and philosophical masterpiece, “Thus Spake Zarathustra” was published between 1883 and 1885 in four parts. Nietzsche’s final lucid year was 1888, a period of supreme productivity. He wrote and published ‘The Case of Wagner’, wrote a synopsis of his philosophy, ‘Twilight of the Idols'(published later in 1889), The Antichrist(published later in 1895), ‘Nietzsche contra Wagner’, and ‘Ecce Homo : How One becomes What One Is’, a reflection on his own works and his human significance. Ecce Homo got published in 1908, twenty years after its composition. Nietzsche collapsed in the streets of Turin, Italy in January 1889 and lost control of his mental faculties. He spent the last 11 years of his life in total mental darkness. He was first moved to an asylum in Basel, then he lived in Naumburg under his mother’s care and after her death in 1897, he lived in Weimar in his sister’s care. He died on August 25, 1900. His medical condition suggests the diagnosis of Atypical General Paralysis caused by the Tertiary Stage of Syphilitic infection and is known as Neurosyphilis which is the involvement of brain and nervous system due to dormant Syphilitic infection. I am most surprised to note that Nietzsche had failed to take into account the problems of his own injury and sickness that compelled him to change the direction of his life repeatedly without giving him the opportunity called “Free to Will.”
Spirituality Science – Behold The Man – Ecce Homo: This Spirochete bacterium known as Treponema pallidum which had infected Nietzsche had eventually wiped out his mortal existence. This Syphilitic infection causes Meningoencephalitis, inflammation of the brain and nerve tissues that destroys cerebral cortex leading to general dissolution and death within 3 to 10 years after the onset of clinical symptoms of brain involvement.
Nietzsche’s ability to maintain ‘Homeostasis’ was undermined when he got exposed to infection by a Spirochete bacterium called Treponema pallidum which infects man during sexual relationship with an infected individual. It is very easy to ignore this infection as in its Primary Stage the infection causes a painless sore at the site of infection and the sore heals without application of any medication. This bacterium remains dormant and may manifest signs of infection called Secondary Stage after a lapse of several months. During that Secondary Phase there would be generalized eruptions of the skin, mucous membranes, inflammation of eyes, bones, and central nervous system. It must be noted that during Nietzsche’s lifetime, there were no proper antibiotic drugs to treat the Syphilitic infection. The Tertiary Stage is delayed for some time(15 to 25 years) after the initial infection. During the period Nietzsche had lived, this kind of Syphilitic infection accounted for 10 percent of all admissions to mental hospitals. In Nietzsche’s case, looking at the medical problems that he had experienced during 1876, I would like to suggest that he had contacted Syphilitic infection during 1861 while he was about 17-years of age, because of a social interaction with another human being who was already infected by Syphilis. Nietzsche had formulated all his perspectives and views about human values, and human existence not knowing that he has no “Will to Power”, or “Will to Life” if he fails in the battle against the invasion of his body by this Spirochete bacterium. In his book Ecce Homo, Nietzsche proclaims the ultimate value of everything that has happened to him including his near-blindness as an example of ‘Love of Fate'(amor fati). He might not have given attention to problems like injuries and diseases which have a direct relationship to the course of action that man deliberately chooses to express his sense of Freedom of choice and action. The madness that claimed Nietzsche only months after he began writing Ecce Homo had already begun its work. He reveals the tragic fact that his very aliveness was in a state of being overwhelmed, consumed, by powerful unconscious emotion, the condition called ‘decadence’. He writes about Christianity’s decadence while in reality his brain was getting destroyed by the Syphilitic infection.
SPIRITUALITY SCIENCE – BEHOLD THE MAN – ECCE HOMO: Nietzsche has correctly stated that people don’t want to hear the ‘Truth’. As a human being, he is not an exception to that Rule. The Truth is, man needs an Illusion if he has to exist on the surface of fast spinning object called planet Earth.
In the last Chapter of Ecce Homo titled, “Why I am a Destiny”, Nietzsche suggests a contrast with Jesus to claim that he truly is a “man.” In his view, to be a “man” alone is to be more than a “Christ.” In my opinion, both Nietzsche and Jesus had lived their lives as human beings and they faced great threats to their existence from different directions. It is indeed correct to suggest that man is like Christ for man is created in God’s own image. Nietzsche’s Spiritual Being was challenged by the problem of a bacterium that entered his body and similarly, the Spiritual nature of human society is challenged by the problem of Sin and acts of disobedience. Man finds it to difficult to experience Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility as there is no stability or equilibrium in his living condition. I would like to invite my readers to “Behold The Man” to know the human being and the physiological mechanism called ‘Homeostasis’ that is central to the mortal human existence as it faces internal or external threats. Eventually, man depends upon the Force of Mercy, Grace, and Compassion called “KRUPA” in Indian Sanskrit language even when man has no knowledge of God’s existence.
Special Frontier Force – China’s Military Threat: On the happy occasion of the celebration of India’s Republic Day on January 26, 2014, I would like to speak about the military threat posed by China’s military occupation of Tibet.
India declared itself as a sovereign Republic on January 26, 1950. As Indians celebrate Republic Day on this day, I would like to share an article titled “AIM OF CHINA’S MILITARY REFORMS” authored by Professor Jayadeva Ranade, a member of the National Security Advisory Board, Distinguished Fellow with the Centre for Air Power Studies, New Delhi and who had in the past served as the additional Secretary in the Cabinet Secretariat with which I was associated during service at Special Frontier Force. This military organization has come into its existence during 1962 following a military pact/alliance between the United States, India, and Tibet. Its military mission is to counter the military threat posed by China by its military occupation of Tibet since 1950. China’s military conquest of Tibet still poses the same threat.
Special Frontier Force – China’s Military Threat: The Deputy Commander-in-Chief, Myanmar Defence Service and Commander-in-Chief, Myanmar Army Vice Senior General Soe Win visited the Indian Army Eastern Command Headquarters in Fort William, Kolkata on December 10, 2013. He is seen with Eastern Army Commander Lieutenant General Dalbir Singh Suhag who served as the Inspector General Special Frontier Force from April 2009 to March 2011.
For the first time in the history of Special Frontier Force, its Inspector General is now appointed as the Vice Chief of Army Staff(VCOAS). Lieutenant General Dalbir Singh Suhag served as Inspector General Special Frontier Force from April 2009 to March 2011. He served as the GOC-in-C, Eastern Command from June 16, 2012 to December 31, 2013. His present appointment as the Vice Chief of Army Staff indicates that he will become the next Indian Army Chief in August 2014.
In my opinion, China’s military power, military strategy, and military tactics will not assure the inevitability of peace that is imposed by its military occupation of Tibet. Peace and War are conditions that prevail in relationship with an external reality called Natural Order. Tibetan Resistance is a symptom of the absence of Natural Order in Tibet. Resistance will prevail, and Resistance will endure if Natural Order is not restored in Tibet. Tibetans love Tibet and the Love of one’s own country is neither a moral, nor a religious virtue for it is a Natural Virtue. Speaking of War and Peace in Tibet, I would like to ask, “Can we order Peace for the sake of War, and not War for the sake of Peace?” If Perseverance is the Secret of all Triumphs, Tibetan Resistance can hope for its Victory.
Special Frontier Force – China’s Military Threat: China’s Military Power, China’s Military Strategy, and China’s Military Tactics cannot overcome the Power of Perseverance, the Perseverance of Tibetan Resistance.
R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S., Personal Numbers:MS-8466/MR-03277K. Rank:Lieutenant/Captain/Major. Branch:Army Medical Corps/Short Service Regular Commission(1969-1972); Direct Permanent Commission(1973-1984). Designation:Medical Officer. Unit:Establishment No.22(1971-1974)/South Column,Operation Eagle(1971-1972). Organization: Special Frontier Force.
Aim of China’s Military Reforms
By Jayadeva Ranade
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – CHINA’S MILITARY THREAT: WORLD PARLIAMENTARIANS CONVENTION ON TIBET HELD IN OTTAWA, CANADA, 2012. Carl Gershman, President of the National Endowment for Democracy, Washington, DC, Professor Jayadeva Ranade, Distinguished Fellow with the Centre for Air Power Studies, New Delhi, with Richard Gere, Chairman of the International Campaign for Tibet.
Published: 21st January 2014 06:00 AM
The writer is a member of the National Security Advisory Board and former additional secretary in the cabinet secretariat, Indian government.
Special Frontier Force – China’s Military Threat: China CV-16 Liaoning Aircraft Carrier. Navy J-15 Flying Shark takeoff. China has modernized its military capabilities.
Modernisation of China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has entered the final stage of its current phase. The Chinese Communist Party (CCP)’s Third Plenum, which was held in November 2013 and represents a major advance in China’s reforms, provided a substantive push to the PLA’s modernisation when it approved proposals for major organisational restructuring. The reforms coincide with China’s continuing assertiveness that has unsettled its neighbours. Appointments to the Central Military Commission (CMC) effected earlier by the CCP’s 18th Congress in Beijing in November 2012 accelerated the drive to strengthen and modernise the 2.3 million-strong PLA. Within days of his appointment as the CMC chairman, Xi Jinping not only endorsed the military modernisation policies of his predecessors Hu Jintao and Jiang Zemin, but also began bluntly advocating more rapid modernisation and technological upgrade of the PLA. The organisational reforms approved by the CCP’s Third Plenum indicate that changes are imminent in the PLA’s command structure comprising the four principal departments and seven military regions. The PLA Navy (PLAN), PLA Air Force (PLAAF) and China’s strategic missile strike force, namely the Second Artillery, have clearly been allotted an enhanced operational role and will receive priority in allocation of budgets and manpower. Personnel of the Second Artillery, PLAAF and PLAN already receive higher salaries than their counterparts in the PLA’s ground forces. Within days of the Third Plenum, CMC vice-chairman and till recently the PLAAF commander, Xu Qiliang, wrote an article in the party mouthpiece People’s Daily confirming the reforms will be implemented. He mentioned that the number of non-combatants would be drastically reduced and that the reforms would enable the PLA to win wars. Quite separately, reports filtering out of Beijing and disclosed initially in the solitary official English-language China Daily, suggest that plans have been finalised to merge the military regions. These envisage reorganising the seven military regions into five “combat zones” (zhan chu) within the next five years. Over the past few years China’s military literature has hinted at such impending change with occasional references to “Theatre Commands”. The reorganisation is intended to concentrate firepower and troops trained for a specific type of warfare within a single theatre or zone for ease of rapid deployment. Land and sea warfare forces are to be grouped separately. This reorganisation gives the PLA a definite “outward orientation” neatly meshing with its doctrine of “active defence”.
Special Frontier Force – China’s Military Threat: Shenyang SAC J-16 Stealth Fighter Aircraft. Military Spending will not increase Military Power.
According to these reports, the three mainly coastal military regions of Jinan, Nanjing and Guangzhou are to be converted into three “combat zones”. Adopting a mainly maritime role, their primary objective will be to reinforce China’s efforts to establish dominance over the East China Sea and South China Sea and face up to the US-Japan alliance. By 2020, all three zones will be reinforced by three aircraft carrier combat groups. Reports suggest existing aircraft carrier Liaoning will be deployed in the East China Sea, while the other two aircraft carriers will be in the South China Sea. Interestingly on January 1, Xinhua showed pictures of Liaoning returning to its home base in Qingdao after month-long exercises in the South China Sea, but avoided mention of the run-in with the US-guided missile warship USS Cowpens. In April 2013, Xinhua reported Rear Admiral Song Xue, deputy chief of staff of the PLA Navy, saying a second aircraft carrier was under construction. He told foreign military attaches that it would be larger and carry more fighter aircraft. On January 18, 2014, party secretary of Liaoning province Wang Min disclosed China’s second domestically produced aircraft carrier is being built at Dalian and would be ready in six years. The four inland military regions of Shenyang, Beijing, Chengdu and Lanzhou are to similarly be merged into two large combat zones. Chengdu and Lanzhou both exercise operational jurisdiction over the India-China border. Each of the two new zones will have units of the PLA Navy, Air Force and Second Artillery integral to them. They will function under a new unified combat command. These reports also disclose that the PLA’s 300,000 non-combatant personnel will be eliminated by 2022. Though China’s ministry of defence denied the reports, it is pertinent that mention was first made in China Daily and that its contents are generally in consonance with Xu Qiliang’s assertion in People’s Daily and the reforms approved at the CCP CC’s Third Plenum.
Special Frontier Force – China’s Military Threat: China has built over 39 Wind Tunnels that include Subsonic, Supersonic, Hypersonic, and others to improve its ability to design and test its military aircraft.
Special Frontier Force – China’s Military Threat: China has reportedly developed a WU-14 Hypersonic Glide Vehicle. China’s Military Empire will collapse under its own weight as things in Nature change while Natural Order remains Unchanging.
Rapid advances have also been made in the indigenous development of advanced defence technology and hardware in the past three years. Emphasis was underscored with the appointment of General Zhang Youxia, a known proponent of indigenous development of modern advanced defence technology, as director of the PLA’s General Armaments Department (GAD) in October 2012. The latest development was the announcement on January 9 that China had conducted the first flight test of a new hypersonic glide vehicle, dubbed the WU-14 by the Pentagon, thus becoming one of five nations to possess this capability. The hypersonic vehicle, capable of travelling at speeds between Mach 8 and 12, represents a major advance in China’s secretive strategic nuclear and conventional military and missile programmes. China had in May 2012 opened a new JF12 shockwave hypersonic wind tunnel—the largest of its kind—that replicates flying conditions between Mach 5 and 9.
Also this month, pictures of the new two-seater J-16 stealth fighter built by the Shenyang Aircraft Corporation were posted online. Slated to first be inducted by PLAN and later the PLAAF, the J-16 is loaded with eight tons of air-to-air and anti-ship missiles and has a combat radius of several hundred miles, enabling it to help Chinese warships battle for control of regional waters claimed by China. Some reports claim two dozen J-16 are ready for induction. These military reforms will give the PLA an outward focus, implying that “recovery” of territories claimed by Beijing will be a central feature of China’s strategic agenda. They will reinforce diplomacy aimed at realising “China’s Dream”. Xi Jinping, meanwhile, continues to further tighten his and the CCP’s grip on the PLA. An important example is the Third Plenum approving the PLA being brought within the ambit of the party’s anti-corruption watchdog, the Central Discipline Inspection Commission. Professor Jayadeva Ranade is a member of the National Security Advisory Board and former additional secretary in the cabinet secretariat, Indian government.
The WordPress.com stats helper monkeys prepared a 2013 annual report for this blog.
BhavanaJagat is inspired by Goddess Sarasvati who personifies Pure Knowledge and Perfect Wisdom.
Here’s an excerpt:
BHAVANAJAGAT AT LOUVRE MUSEUM: Millions of people visit the Museum to simply look at the exhibits. I would like to invite my readers to visit http://BhavanaJagat.com to read my posts and share their opinions.
Whole Dude – Whole Genocide: US President Richard M Nixon in his taped conversation with US National Security Adviser Dr. Henry Kissinger reveals his personal understanding of historical events such as the persecution of Jews in Germany by Hitler, the massacre of black Catholics in Biafra region of Nigeria, the slaughter of civilian population of East Pakistan. I am not surprised to note that they had no sympathy for the suffering of Tibetan people and they took the sinful action to formulate a new US foreign policy that involved establishing trade, commerce, and diplomatic relationships with Communist China.
I am pleased to share the blog post titled “Looking Away From Genocide” authored by Gary J Bass, Professor of Politics and International Affairs at Princeton University. This blog includes excerpts from the conversation between US President Richard M Nixon, and US National Security Adviser Dr. Henry Alfred Kissinger. President Nixon makes a direct comparison to the slaughter in East Pakistan to other atrocities against humanity and asks Kissinger for his opinion on Biafra massacre(Nigeria) and the persecution of Jews in Germany by Hitler. President Nixon reveals his personal understanding of such historical events in this brief conversation and it would have a most chilling effect on any reader. I am not surprised to note that Kissinger had no interest in formulating a true national security policy. He was totally obsessed with his own plans to dominate the foreign policy conversation and getting rid of William P Rogers, the US Secretary of State. In the face of such moral bankruptcy, India’s Prime Minister Indira Gandhi had boldly launched her Secret War in East Pakistan and I am glad that I had participated in the training of Bengali guerrilla fighters and later initiated the Liberation of Bangladesh on 03 November, 1971 with military action in Chittagong Hill Tracts with attacks on Pakistani border posts deep inside the enemy territory.
SERVICE INFORMATION:
R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S., Personal Numbers:MS-8466/MR-03277K. Rank:Lieutenant/Captain/Major. Branch:Army Medical Corps/Short Service Regular Commission(1969-1972); Direct Permanent Commission(1973-1984). Designation:Medical Officer. Unit:Establishment No.22(1971-1974)/South Column,Operation Eagle(1971-1972). Organization: Special Frontier Force.
NOVEMBER 20, 2013
LOOKING AWAY FROM GENOCIDE
POSTED BY GARY BASS
On March 25, 1971, the Pakistani Army launched a devastating military crackdown on restive Bengalis in what was then East Pakistan. While the slaughter in what would soon become an independent Bangladesh was underway, the C.I.A. and State Department conservatively estimated that roughly two hundred thousand people had died (the official Bangladeshi death toll is three million). Some ten million Bengali refugees fled to India, where untold numbers died in miserable conditions in refugee camps. Pakistan was a Cold War ally of the United States, and Richard Nixon and his national-security advisor, Henry Kissinger, resolutely supported its military dictatorship; they refused to impose pressure on Pakistan’s generals to forestall further atrocities. My new book, “The Blood Telegram: Nixon, Kissinger, and a Forgotten Genocide,” tries to reconstruct this dark chapter of the Cold War, using declassified documents, investigative reporting, and countless hours of White House tapes, including about a hundred newly transcribed conversations. Thanks to the secret taping system that he installed to record his own blunt conversations, Nixon inadvertently left behind the most transparent Administration in American history. The tapes offer the most revealing account of Nixon and Kissinger’s raw thinking. Staffers at the White House and the State Department were often more pragmatic than their principals, so the documents they produced make the Administration appear more moderate than it was. It’s only on the audio tapes that Nixon and Kissinger’s full radicalism is on display. But the White House tapes are maddeningly hard to use. The State Department’s official historians have done excellent work in declassifying some of the most sensitive discussions, but to this day, particularly embarrassing portions of the tapes are bleeped out on the basis of specious national-security concerns. (I’ve made my own requests for a mandatory declassification review of these bleeps under the terms of an executive order.) The tapes remain a largely untapped resource, in part because they are enormous, unwieldy, badly organized, often bleeped, crackly, laborious to transcribe, and hard to understand. You can hear Nixon and Kissinger at work in the following audio clip, which is followed by an annotated transcript I made for “The Blood Telegram.” (Some snippets from this conversation are available in a volume of the State Department’s “Foreign Relations of the United States” series, but this is the first full transcript.) This discussion, which also involved the White House chief of staff, H. R. Haldeman, took place not long after the start of the crackdown in East Pakistan. Nixon and Kissinger are having one of their typically prolix and digressive conversations, concentrating this time on foreign policy. The tape is unusually clean: the sound quality is good, and there are no bleeps, though there is some music playing in the background. The clip below begins just as the conversation has turned from the Vietnam War to the possibility of an opening to China. To establish communications with Mao Zedong’s regime, the White House was exploring several clandestine channels, including messages carried to the Chinese leadership by Romania’s Communist despot, Nicolae Ceausescu, and Pakistan’s military dictator, General Agha Muhammad Yahya Khan, known as Yahya. The Pakistan channel would soon culminate in Kissinger’s first secret trip to Beijing, in July, 1971. He flew direct from Pakistan, which provided an airplane and a cloak-and-dagger cover story—another reason for the White House to support Pakistan even as the killing continued. WHITE HOUSE TAPES OVAL OFFICE 477-1 APRIL 12, 1971, 10:24-10:33 A.M. NIXON: Now, another thing. I want to know about Yahya and Pakistan.
Nixon had a great personal fondness for Pakistan’s military ruler, who was carrying out the brutal crackdown on the Bengalis. “He’s a decent man,” Nixon repeatedly said, as the death toll mounted.
I want to be sure that we’re not caught in a crack here where State then puts out a whole lot of stuff that they’ve done. Now Bill has not said that he wants to say anything about Pakistan, has he?
The President seems to be making sure that the distrusted State Department would not, on its own, condemn Yahya for killing Bengalis. “Bill” is William Rogers, Nixon’s ineffectual Secretary of State, who had been reduced to near-total irrelevance by his rival Kissinger.
KISSINGER: No. NIXON: Has Sisco?
Joseph Sisco, the headstrong assistant secretary of state for Near Eastern and South Asian affairs, was a particular annoyance to Nixon and Kissinger, who would later call him “a maniac” and “such a whore.”
KISSINGER: No. But it’s out there, out there [indistinct]. The Dhaka consulate is in open rebellion.
American diplomats in East Pakistan, horrified by the slaughter, had been reporting the killing in gruesome detail. On April 6th—just a few days before this conversation—the U.S. consul general in Dhaka, Archer Blood, sent a telegram signed by almost all of the U.S. officials in East Pakistan, formally voicing “strong dissent” from the White House’s pro-Pakistan policy, which they characterized as “moral bankruptcy” in the face of “genocide.” In retaliation, Nixon and Kissinger would soon eject Blood from his post in Dhaka.
NIXON: I understand…[indistinct] I want to know how we can respond to it [indistinct]. We’re going to be…[indistinct] you know what I mean? KISSINGER (emphatically): Mr. President, we’re going to wind up on the worst side if we start backing a rebellion there now.
Though Nixon and Kissinger were discussing actual rebellions in East Pakistan and Biafra, Kissinger was also accusing Blood of “open rebellion” for having sent his formal cable of dissent through official channels. Kissinger would later call Blood “this maniac in Dacca, the Consul General who is in rebellion.”
NIXON: But Bill—but Henry, we did not back the rebellion in Biafra, did we?
Even before the crackdown in East Pakistan began, U.S. officials had warned that the country could descend into the kind of bloody chaos that had recently been seen in Biafra, an oil-rich region of Nigeria that attempted to secede in 1967. The Nigerian government managed to crush the Biafran resistance in 1970. As a candidate for President in 1968, Nixon had denounced genocide in Biafra; by 1971, yesterday’s inaction in Biafra had become a rationale for today’s support of Pakistan.
KISSINGER: That’s right. NIXON: That’s a hell of a lot more reasonable. I know, there are less people in Biafra. Is that the reason? Does morality become—look, there weren’t very many Jews in Germany.
As Nixon knew, Kissinger was one of those German Jews; at least thirteen of his close relatives had been murdered in the Holocaust.
KISSINGER (murmurs): That’s right. NIXON: Was it immoral—was it therefore not immoral for Hitler to kill them?
Nixon, unprompted, is comparing the slaughter in East Pakistan to Biafra and the Holocaust.
KISSINGER (murmurs): That’s right.
Kissinger goes along with Nixon’s comparison of Hitler and Yahya, but still maintains his support for the Pakistani dictator.
NIXON: See, that’s my— [indistinct] And the Biafrans are black— [indistinct] Catholics!
This part is hard to hear, but may be about how Americans ignored the Biafrans because they were black, and about Catholic support for the Biafran cause. As Nixon later said, “Biafra stirred up a few Catholics.”
KISSINGER: Mr. President, if we get in there now— NIXON (cross-talk): It’s ridiculous. KISSINGER: —we get West Pakistan turned against us, and we get—the Bengalis are going to go left anyway.
The State Department had repeatedly noted that the Bengali leadership was quite pro-American, but Kissinger dismisses that.
NIXON: Yeah. KISSINGER: They are by nature left. Their moderate leadership is in jail, maybe they shouldn’t have been put in jail, but that’s the way it is now, and, uh—
Kissinger realizes he’s made a wrong turn, is actually criticizing Yahya, and falls awkwardly silent.
NIXON: I just want to [indistinct]… get a little work… [indistinct] Is that in the West—West Pakistan thing or not? [indistinct] KISSINGER: Why don’t you wait ’til Wednesday, Mr. President, when we have the meeting and then we can get a paper to you. NIXON: All right. KISSINGER: Because I am afraid in the present state of the State Department if you interfere too early— NIXON (annoyed): I’m not interfering, I just want to know what he thinks!
Nixon snaps at Kissinger for the nonstop bureaucratic combat against Rogers. To handle Kissinger’s obsessive feuding with the Secretary of State, the President had Haldeman set up an informal “Henry-handling committee.” In the end, Kissinger drove Rogers out, and claimed both top foreign-policy jobs, national-security advisor and Secretary of State.
KISSINGER: Well, he’s going to submit a paper to us and then you’ll know what you think—what he thinks. NIXON: Oh. He’s going to submit a paper? KISSINGER: Yeah. NIXON: You’re sure he knows I want it? KISSINGER: Oh yes, he knows you want it. No, he’s—Bill is all right.
Kissinger starts to walk back, trying to praise Rogers.
Bill is— NIXON: I just got to know what the hell they think. I mean, I’m not trying to—… [indistinct] I think if we get in the middle of the whole thing [indistinct], it’s a hell of a mistake. KISSINGER: It’s a disaster. No one else is doing it. NIXON: Look—let’s face it. The people that bitch about Vietnam bitched about it because we intervened in what they say was a civil war.
This was one of Nixon’s most potent arguments to silence Americans who were outraged by the suffering in East Pakistan. Democrats like Ted Kennedy, the White House argued, were simply trying to drag the United States into another civil war in Asia.
KISSINGER: That’s right. NIXON: Now some of those same bastards, like… [indistinct] want us to intervene in Biafra. And some of those same people want us to intervene here. Both civil wars. Real civil wars. Now what in the hell are we talking about? KISSINGER: They want us to cut out economic aid to West Pakistan. NIXON (surprised): For what reason?
Kissinger is careful to defend U.S. aid to the Pakistani military government, despite the atrocities. Blood had argued that the bloodshed in East Pakistan was a very good reason to cut off economic aid to Yahya.
KISSINGER: It’s—pure doctrinaire reasons. Because India is screaming in turn, because they’re scared to death of their own Bengalis. Deep down the Indians don’t really want an independent East Pakistan, because within ten years of that the West Bengalis are going to start bringing pressure on them for autonomy. It’s a classic situation for us to stay out of. There’s nothing for us in there to take sides in this. And for us to cut off aid will infuriate the West Pakistanis.
Millions of Bengalis in India were deeply shocked by the killing of their brethren across the border in East Pakistan. The Indian state of West Bengal, unstable and impoverished, was already a headache for the Indian government—and the crackdown in East Pakistan sent some ten million refugees fleeing into India’s border states, above all into West Bengal. This left the Indian government fearful of further unrest in the state, and desperate to find a way to get the refugees to return home. India secretly sponsored Bengali guerrillas fighting back against Pakistani troops. Finally, in December, 1971, India and Pakistan would fight a brief fourteen-day war, ending with an Indian victory and the creation of the new country of Bangladesh. Unlike Blood and the other Americans in Dhaka, Kissinger seems not to realize that the loss of so many Bengali lives might impact American foreign policy. For all his mastery of the use of American leverage, he nevertheless rules out the possibility of applying any pressure on the Pakistani military.
Photograph by Frederic Lewis/Hulton Archive/Getty
Nixon and Kissinger: A Forgotten Genocide in Bangladesh
This is my special tribute to Lohit River and I post this blog to remember my life’s journey; a journey from 1962 to 1972. During 1962, I was a student at Giriraj Government Arts College, Nizamabad, Andhra Pradesh, India and I was studying in the First Year of a 3-Year Bachelor of Science Degree Course. During October 1962, when China attacked India across the Himalayan Frontier, Indian people spontaneously reacted condemning the act of Chinese aggression. It gave me a strong motivation to serve the country to defend the Northern Frontier. My dream came true during 1969 when I was granted Short Service Regular Commission to join the Indian Army Medical Corps. On completion of my basic military and professional training, I was deputed to Special Frontier Force and I had the proudest moment of my life when I visited the War Memorial in Walong, Lohit District, North East Frontier Agency(NEFA) during 1972. I got married during January 1973, while I was serving in the North East Frontier Agency and Lohit River is my witness to my Life’s Journey and Commitment.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – LOHIT RIVER: Map of Anjaw District, Arunachal Pradesh State, India.
I am pleased to share an article titled ‘China opens new highway near Arunachal Pradesh Border’ written by Ananth Krishnan that was published in the HINDU on November 01, 2013. I had served in that area and the military organization in which I had served discouraged photography and I did not take photos of the natural scenery of that area. I would like to share some photo images published by http://GreenerPasturesInd.Wordpress.com and others, particularly the images of Lohit River that flows down the Anjaw District of Arunachal Pradesh.
The North East Frontier Agency(NEFA) was constituted in 1912-13. To settle the border between India and Tibet, Sir Henry McMahon, Secretary in the Indian Foreign Department represented Great Britain at a conference held in Simla during 1913-14. The Simla Accord or Simla Agreement between India, Tibet, and China resulted in the McMahon Treaty and the McMahon Line established the official border between India and Tibet. India after gaining her independence and after becoming an independent Republic has ratified the McMahon Treaty. People’s Republic of China which came into existence during 1949 had opposed this Treaty and had occupied Tibet during 1950 rejecting the status of Tibet of being an independent nation. The Communist China’s occupation of Tibet has posed a military threat to Peace and Democracy in Southeast Asia and Tibet’s Head of State, His Holiness the 14th Dalai Lama fled to India during March 1959 as a consequence of China’s repressive, brutal military actions. On August 26, 1959, in this northeast frontier sector, China’s People’s Liberation Army crossed the McMahon Line for the first time to capture an Indian border post. China abandoned this post during 1961 and launched a major offensive war during October 1962 attacking Indian Army positions in the entire North East Frontier Agency. Due to the firm intervention by the US President John F. Kennedy, China declared unilateral ceasefire and withdrew its forces from all the areas it had captured in the North East Frontier Agency. One of the consequences of this 1962 War of China’s Aggression on India was the creation of a military alliance/pact between India, Tibet, and the United States to defend the border and to challenge the military occupation of Tibet. This military pact/alliance has established a military organization called Establishment No. 22 which is later given the name of Special Frontier Force. I had served in Special Frontier Force along with Tibetan soldiers and we were defending North East Frontier Agency during that period of my military service. The North East Frontier Agency became Indian Union Territory and was named Arunachal Pradesh on January 20, 1972. The State of Arunachal Pradesh was formed on February 20, 1987. I had arrived at Doom Dooma(Dum Duma) during February 1972 after my successful participation in the military action called ‘Operation Eagle’ which initiated the Liberation of Bangladesh on November 03, 1971 with attacks on Pakistan’s military border posts in Chittagong Hill Tracts. The United States had withdrawn its CIA personnel from our Organization prior to the launch of Operation Eagle. However, our military alliance/pact withstood the test of the times. In 1972, CIA contacted my Unit in North East Frontier Agency and had requested us for our assistance to plant monitoring devices to record data from China’s underground nuclear tests in occupied Tibet. China’s occupation of Tibet, it claims for Indian territory and China’s military build up still pose a grave threat to Peace and Freedom in Southeast Asia.
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: I was based at Dum Duma(Doom Dooma) Airfield during 1972-73.
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: Lohit River enters the plains and flows as the Brahmaputra River.
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: At the southern end of Lohit District, Lohit River enters the plains.
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: The bridge near Parasuram Kund also known as Brahma Kund.
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: This Border Road along Lohit River did not exist during 1972-73. I had the pleasure of trekking along this route.
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: Suspension Bridge across Lohit River.
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: A Special Tribute to Lohit River.
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: This bridge swings in the air and is commonly called “JHULA” which refers to the swing found in recreational parks and playgrounds.
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: Walong Valley
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: Parashuram Kund
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: A view taken at Hayuliang.
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: Hayuliang-Walong Road.
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River:
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River:
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River:
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: Walong War Memorial
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: “WALONG WILL NEVER FALL AGAIN.”
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: Walong, Anjaw District.
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: Trip to Kibithu
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: Mishmi Hills
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: Hayuliang
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: The Border Post at Kibithu
Special Frontier Force – Lohit River: Lohit River near India – Tibet Border.
R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S., Personal Numbers:MS-8466/MR-03277K. Rank:Lieutenant/Captain/Major. Branch:Army Medical Corps/Short Service Regular Commission(1969-1972); Direct Permanent Commission(1973-1984). Designation:Medical Officer. Unit:Establishment No.22(1971-1974)/South Column,Operation Eagle(1971-1972). Organization: Special Frontier Force.
Published in the HINDU: November 1, 2013 03:14 IST | BEIJING, November 1, 2013
China opens new highway near Arunachal Pradesh border
Ananth Krishnan
Nearly 1 billion Yuan project comes to light after seven failed attempts over the past 50 years
China on Thursday opened a new highway that links what the government has described as Tibet’s “last isolated county” – located near the border with Arunachal Pradesh – with the rest of the country and will now provide all-weather access to the strategically important region. Chinese state media have hailed the opening of the highway to Medog – which lies close to the disputed eastern section of the border with India – as a technological breakthrough, with the project finally coming to fruition after seven failed attempts over the past fifty years. China started attempting to build the highway to Medog – a landlocked county in Tibet’s Nyingchi prefecture – in the 1960s, according to State media reports, in the aftermath of the 1962 war with India. With Thursday’s opening of the road, every county in Tibet is now linked through the highway network, underlining the widening infrastructure gulf across the disputed border, even as India belatedly pushes forward an upgrading of border roads in more difficult terrain. The official Xinhua News Agency on Thursday described Medog as “the last roadless county in China”. Before this week, Medog was the only one of China’s 2,100 counties to remain isolated from the highway network, according to State broadcaster China Central Television (CCTV). What the project will do State media reports have focused on the development benefits that the project would bring and have sought to play down the strategic dimensions. Local officials said the road’s opening will bring down commodity prices and widen access to healthcare. The road will also provide access to the border county for nine months of the year. That the government was willing to spend as much as 950 million Yuan – or $ 155 million – on a 117-km highway, with ostensibly few economic returns expected, has underscored the project’s importance to State planners. Local officials said prior to the opening of the highway, reaching Medog required traversing the treacherous Galung La and Doxong La mountains at an altitude of 4,000 metres. With frequent landslides, the road was often rendered impassable. Now, the road will be accessible for “8 to 9 months per year, barring major natural disasters”, Ge Yutao, Communist Party head of the transportation department for the Tibet Autonomous Region (TAR), told Xinhua. Work on the 117-km road began in 2009, a year after the project was given the green light by the State Council, or Cabinet. Renewed attention on infrastructure projects The opening of the road comes at a time when there has been renewed attention on infrastructure projects in border areas in India and China. Last week, both countries signed a Border Defence Cooperation Agreement (BDCA) during Prime Minister Manmohan Singh’s visit to Beijing, aimed at expanding confidence-building measures. The agreement calls for setting up channels of communication between military commands, increasing the number of border personnel meetings, and formalizing rules such as no tailing of patrols, to build trust and avoid incidents. The agreement does not specify or limit either country’s plans to boost infrastructure – an issue that, analysts say, has in the past triggered tensions along the disputed Line of Actual Control (LAC), most notably in April when a Chinese incursion sparked a three-week-long stand-off in Depsang, Ladakh. Han Hua, a South Asia scholar at Peking University, suggested in a recent interview that the “basic reason” for the incident was “too much construction” along the border. The Chinese side, she acknowledged, did not have to build closer to the disputed LAC because their infrastructure, as well as more favourable terrain enabled quicker mobilisation. “If we don’t have the overall collaboration of the military, policy-makers and decision-makers on both sides,” she said, “it will be difficult to avoid such incidents”. ‘India’s plans will not be limited’ The BDCA, Indian officials said, will not limit India’s plans to upgrade infrastructure. It recognises the principle of equal and mutual security, which allows either side to pursue its security in its own way. At the same time, officials say the BDCA will still help “regulate activity” along the border by opening up new channels of communication, even as the border continues to remain a matter of dispute. On Thursday, Chinese Defence Ministry spokesperson Yang Yujun told a regular press conference that military personnel would hold “regular meetings” and “make joint efforts” to maintain peace in border areas, following the signing of the BDCA. The agreement, he said according to a Xinhua report, “summarised good practices and experiences on the management of differences in China-India border areas”.
Whole Dude – Whole Villain: Archer Kent Blood, the US Consul General at Dacca, East Pakistan sent this “Blood Telegram” to question the US Foreign Policy that utterly failed to denounce the atrocities, the massacre of innocent, unarmed civilians, mostly Hindu minority community living in East Pakistan during 1971 by the military rulers of Pakistan. He sent this telegram as his moral duty to uphold the humanitarian principles.
WHOLE DUDE – WHOLE VILLAIN: Richard Milhous Nixon, 37th President of the United States(1969-1974), and Dr Alfred Henry Kissinger, the National Security Adviser(1969-1975) deserve to be known as Whole Villains for not responding to the problem of genocide in East Pakistan( now known as Bangladesh) during 1971. Their actions are evil, unprincipled, and make mockery of the US Constitution.
The word ‘Villain’ describes a wicked or unprincipled character in a novel, play, etc., who opposes the protagonist or hero. Villain is someone or something regarded as the cause of a problem, difficulty, injustice, or great crime. It speaks about the evil nature of a person, very bad, disagreeable, or objectionable and such a person is often characterized as a ‘scoundrel’. I am pleased to share Ashok Malik’s review of the book “The Blood Telegram – India’s Secret War in East Pakistan” authored by Gary J. Bass. The book reveals Archer Kent Blood, the chief US diplomat in Dacca as the hero or protagonist who had suffered on account of the actions of President Nixon and Dr. Kissinger, the National Security Adviser during 1971 . The real character and nature of President Nixon and Kissinger as ‘Villains’ can be easily discerned by reading this historical story titled “The Blood Telegram.” The book talks of the courage and uprightness of Archer Blood who was a first-hand witness to the genocide in East Pakistan, the oppression of Bengali speaking Pakistanis, the mass murder and elimination of Hindu minorities and the humanitarian crisis that spilled into a massive refugee problem in India. Mr. Blood meticulously reported the massacres, the bloodshed in East Pakistan and had urged the US administration to take action to stop the military dictator of West Pakistan. Mr. Blood suffered greatly for his efforts and devotion to work. He was ignored, singled out and victimized by Dr. Kissinger. Mr. Blood’s career in the US State Department was utterly ruined and destroyed. This book is the story of what Mr. Blood did and how he suffered for being true to his conscience and his calling. It must be noted that the men and women who make up the State Department or work for the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) are often conscientious, well-meaning folks, schooled in the simplicity and goodness of small-town, middle class life in the heart of America. They are moral people, keen to use their country’s power to make the world a better place. Such conscientious people who belonged to the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) had rendered their service at a military organization in India known as Special Frontier Force or Establishment No. 22. Both the US President Richard M. Nixon, and Dr. Henry Kissinger, the National Security Adviser must be recognized as “WholeVillains” for their actions were motivated by an unprincipled desire to befriend Communist China without any concern for its involvement in killing its own people during the “Great Leap Forward” program of 1957-58, and during the infamous “Cultural Revolution” of 1966-69. The story reveals how Nixon and Kissinger were blinded by hate for India and Indians. They had visualized Pakistan as an essential ally and gateway to Communist China and had totally ignored the problem of human suffering in the Land that took a very painful birth as Bangladesh after India’s victory in a military battle during November-December 1971.
Gary J. Bass, Professor of Politics & International Affairs at Princeton University is the author of the book titled “The Blood Telegram.” He described the heroic role of Archer Kent Blood, the US Consul General in Dacca(Dhaka), East Pakistan during 1971.Archer Kent Blood(March 20, 1923 to September 03, 2004) was the US Consul General, the Chief US Diplomat in Dacca, East Pakistan during 1971.Whole Dude – Whole Villain: Massacre in East Pakistan during 1971 is fully revealed in this book. This Genocide must not be forgotten and the Villains must be exposed.Whole Dude – Whole Villain: The role of General Yahya Khan, the military ruler of Pakistan, and US President Nixon in the brutal killings of unarmed civilians in East Pakistan during 1971 is now fully revealed. This is their photo image dated October 24, 1970. In this relationship, the US has totally disregarded the value of Democracy and showed no concern for Human Dignity and ignored its traditional role of defending Human Rights.Whole Dude – Whole Villain: The mockery of the US Constitution. Dr. Henry Kissinger is the Arch Villain in this story and he is seen in this photo meeting the leader of another country while the responsibility of conducting diplomacy belonged to the US State Department. Kissinger flew to China from Pakistan and had used Pakistan as a gateway to Communist China. Both of these Villains are responsible for the millions of people who died in the land called East Pakistan during 1971. Kissinger had misused and abused his position as the National Security Adviser. In clear violation of the US Constitution, he had usurped the power of the Secretary of State to conduct secretive, diplomatic negotiations with foreign leaders.
During 1971, I served in a military organization called Establishment No. 22, or Special Frontier Force which in reality represents a military alliance/pact between India, Tibet, and the United States to contain the military threat posed by Communist China’s illegal occupation of Tibet. It must be noted that Nixon had served as Vice President for two terms 1953-1956, and 1957-1960, during the presidency of Dwight David Eisenhower. President Eisenhower and his Secretary of State John Foster Dulles continued President Truman’s policy of containing Communism. In Southeast Asia, Eisenhower supported and had employed the Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) to organize the Tibetan Resistance Movement since 1957-58. Later, President John F. Kennedy took the initiative to formulate the military alliance with India and Tibet that created the Special Frontier Force during 1962. The Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) has represented the US as our military partner and took the initial responsibility to impart the necessary military training to all personnel. The mission of this Organization is that of fighting a war to evict China from the Land of Tibet and the men are not used for spying, or gathering intelligence as undercover agents. The CIA has used the services of this Organization to monitor the nuclear activities of Communist China as China was conducting underground nuclear tests inside Tibet. During 1971-72, in a complete reversal of its foreign policy, the United States allowed the National Security Adviser to change the course of the country and to make decisions on foreign relations without giving any role to the duly appointed Secretary of State. Kissinger used the infrastructure of US State Department to orchestrate a policy that has ignored the vital US national interests and its commitment to Democracy and Freedom. Kissinger had chosen to support Pakistan’s military dictator and had used him to gain access to the Communist Leaders in Peking that paved the way for President Nixon’s visit to China during February 1972. This book reveals as to how Nixon was baffled and annoyed by American sympathies for India and he communicated this opinion to Pakistan’s military dictator General Yahya Khan and observed that Americans could be suffering from a “physiological disorder.” Nixon and Kissinger encouraged other countries to illegally ship their US supplied weapons to Pakistan in violation of US laws that prohibit such transfer of military equipment.
Kissinger had urged China’s Foreign Minister Chou En-Lai to open a second front and attack India to stop India from giving assistance to the people of East Pakistan. As India initiated the Liberation of Bangladesh, Nixon sent the US Seventh Fleet into Bay of Bengal without any concern about India’s logistical support to the US Army that was fighting a bloody war in Vietnam, a war in which Communist China had played a big role to ensure the defeat of the US Army.
WHOLE DUDE – WHOLE VILLAIN: During April 1969, Chairman Mao Tse Tung had selected his Defence Minister Lin Biao as his successor and Lin became the Vice Chairman of the Communist Party. Both of them must be held accountable for the atrocities, the crimes against humanity perpetrated in the name of “Cultural Revolution” during 1966-69.WHOLE DUDE – WHOLE VILLAIN: Lin Biao Defence Minister and Communist Party Vice Chairman, the successor of Chairman Mao Tse Tung was apparently assassinated by Prime Minister Chou En-lai and Chairman Mao Tse Tung on September 13, 1971 as he tried to escape from the country. After his killing, most of the People’s Liberation Army’s Generals of high command were purged. It totally amazes me to know that the US National Security Adviser Henry Kissinger had requested Prime Minister Chou En-Lai to launch a military attack on India during that time to prevent India from taking military action to resolve the humanitarian crisis in East Pakistan.
During 1971, the US National Security Adviser, Dr Henry Kissinger had kept his visit to Peking as a big secret. However, at Special Frontier Force, Establishment No. 22, we were fully aware of his activities. The Central Intelligence Agency(CIA) officials who were serving at Establishment No.22 as military instructors were abruptly asked to return to the United States. Communist China had insisted that it would agree to meet Henry Kissinger and receive him in Peking only after the United States removes all its personnel from India who at that time were employed in the Special Frontier Force/Establishment No. 22. After their departure, India and Tibet had agreed to jointly launch a military action in Chittagong Hill Tracts to initiate the Liberation of Bangladesh and to stop the genocide in East Pakistan.
Whole Dude – Whole Villain: On November 04, 1971, India’s Prime Minister Indira Gandhi made a final attempt to get support from President Richard Nixon to resolve the humanitarian crisis in East Pakistan. By that time, US had already decided to remove all its CIA personnel who were employed as military instructors at Special Frontier Force/Establishment No. 22. However, we began our military operation to initiate Liberation of Bangladesh without any assistance from the US personnel deputed by the CIA.Whole Dude – Whole Villain: India’s Prime Minister Indira Gandhi could not obtain any support from US President Richard Nixon during her visit to Washington D.C. on November 04, 1971. However, it did not deter Special Frontier Force/Establishment No. 22 from initiating our military action to dislodge Pakistan’s Army from East Pakistan. We began our military action on November 03, 1971, a day before this meeting.
INDIA’S SECRET WAR IN EAST PAKISTAN:
WHOLE DUDE – WHOLE VILLAIN: These two leaders, the US President, the military dictator of Pakistan must be held accountable for the genocide in East Pakistan during 1971.WHOLE DUDE – WHOLE VILLAIN – ORIGINAL SIN: The mockery of the US Constitution. The US National Security Adviser, Dr. Kissinger had misused and abused his official position to meet foreign Heads of State to formulate US foreign relations without the participation of the US Secretary of State. I call this Villainous act as “Original Sin”. Both Chairman Mao Tse Tung, and Prime Minister Chou En-Lai were leaders of the “Cultural Revolution” during 1966-69 that participated in crimes against humanity.Whole Dude – Whole Villain: “The Cruel Birth of Bangladesh” by Archer Kent Blood, the US Consul General in Dacca during 1971 describes the Villainy, the detestable acts of Pakistan’s military generals, and US President, and National Security Adviser.
India launched a Secret War in East Pakistan to respond to the huge humanitarian crisis which could not be resolved. United States pretended its ignorance of this whole problem. This military operation was given the code name Operation Eagle. On November 03, 1971, while India’s Prime Minister was visiting Washington D.C. in a final bid to enlist the support of President Nixon, Special Frontier Force without the US personnel moved into Chittagong Hill Tracts. President Richard Nixon had failed to endorse our military action, but we executed this military action using military equipment, field gear and rations provided by the United States. The infantry weapons and all other tools that we had used were the same as those used by the US Army in its Vietnam War. We prevailed in the battlefield and forced Pakistan’s Army to withdraw from their entrenched positions. The official war of India with Pakistan was declared by India’s Prime Minister on December 03, 1971.
Rudra Narasimham Rebbapragada Ann Arbor, MI 48104-4162, USA Special Frontier Force-Establishment No.22-Vikas Regiment
SERVICE INFORMATION:
Personal Numbers: MS-8466/MR-03277K; Rank: Major. Branch: Army Medical Corps/Short Service Regular Commission(1969-1972); Direct Permanent Commission(1973-1984). Designation: Medical Officer. Unit: Establishment No.22(1971-1974)/South Column,Operation Eagle(1971-1972).
Reference: National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 79. The Tilt: The U.S. and the South Asian Crisis of 1971.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – HIMALAYAN BLUNDER: Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh and Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang signed The Border Defense Cooperation Agreement(BDCA) on Wednesday, October 23, 2013 in Beijing. India and China do not have an internationally recognized common border between the two countries. India’s neighbor Tibet which shares a border with India has not signed this BDCA Agreement,
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – HIMALAYAN BLUNDER: Indian Prime Minister met with People’s Republic of China’s President Xi Jinping on Wednesday, October 23, 2013. Both India, and China very clearly understand that the military occupation of Tibet poses security concerns and the Border Defense Cooperation Agreement(BDCA) that they signed is not valid under international law. They have no legal rights to compromise the territorial integrity of Tibet, a sovereign nation under illegal occupation since 1950.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – HIMALAYAN BLUNDER: Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh signed a bilateral Border Defense Cooperation Agreement with People’s Republic of China during his most three-day visit to Beijing from October 22, to October 24, 2013. This allows China to exercise control over Indian territory along the entire length of India’s Himalayan Frontier without even fighting a war. Dr. Manmohan Singh must be held accountable for this act of high treason and for giving aid and comfort to India’s enemy who had already illegally occupied Indian territory in Indian State of Jammu and Kashmir.
Dr. Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India had visited People’s Republic of China on a three-day visit from Tuesday, October 22, to Thursday, October 24, 2013. On Wednesday, October 23, Indian Prime Minister and Chinese Prime Minister Li Keqiang had entered into an agreement called The Border Defence Cooperation Agreement(BDCA)for border management while India has no recognized or official border with People’s Republic of China. Six months back, during the month of April 2013, Chinese troops intruded into Indian territory of Depsang Sector, Ladakh Province of India’s Jammu and Kashmir State. India has substantial trade and commerce relationship with China and their bilateral trade rose to $66 billion during 2012. It is claimed that not a shot was fired along the entire Himalayan frontier since 1975. The BDCA may promote an increase in bilateral trade but at the same time it permits China to exercise control on Indian territory along its entire Himalayan frontier without even fighting a war. At a fundamental level, BDCA is not a legitimate agreement as India has not recognized that it shares a common border with People’s Republic of China. Secondly, BDCA may give some legitimacy to Communist China’s illegal occupation of Tibet. In my opinion, BDCA is not a valid agreement and Indian Parliament may not even ratify this bilateral agreement in which Tibet has no representation. Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh must be held accountable for this act of high treason and for giving aid and comfort to India’s enemy who had illegally occupied Tibet, apart from occupying Indian territory in Ladakh Sector.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – HIMALAYAN BLUNDER: Just six months ago, People’s Republic of China intruded into Depsang Sector(Daulat Beg Oldi) of Ladakh Province. China had already occupied the area known as Aksai Chin and the dispute is not yet settled. The Border Defence Cooperation Agreement(BDCA) signed on October 23, 2013 is not a valid, or legitimate Agreement. Indian Parliament may refuse to ratify this Agreement.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – HIMALAYAN BLUNDER: Indian Prime Minister signed an agreement with Chinese Prime Minister on October 23, 2013 to come to an understanding to control the Himalayan Frontier and avoid military conflict. This Border Defence Cooperation Agreement(BDCA) has given away Indian territory to China without the need to fight a war. BDCA seriously undermines India’s ability to defend its territory while China still claims India’s North East Frontier Agency or Arunachal Pradesh as its territory. The fact is, India and China do not share a common border. India cannot give legitimacy to China’s military occupation of Tibet.
I am pleased to share an article published by Ravindra Narayan Ravi, former Special Director, India’s Intelligence Bureau who had worked for nearly two decades on the military threat posed by China’s illegal occupation of Tibet. I thank him for speaking on this issue and exposing the fraud without any sense of fear. In the past, I had worked with Intelligence Bureau(Research and Analysis Wing/RAW), and it was a pleasure to patrol along the Lohit River in North East Frontier Agency which is named Arunachal Pradesh. It is the sector where India is particularly strong and had valiantly resisted Chinese aggression during the 1962 War. It is indeed very shocking and makes me sad to read that India is giving away territory on a silver plate. It is a serious insult to the memory of our fallen soldiers who gave their precious lives, and Lohit River bears witness to that sacrifice. At Walong War Memorial, the following tribute was paid by Deputy Commissioner Bernard S Dougal:
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – HIMALAYAN BLUNDER: Indian Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh has insulted the memory of Indian soldiers who had valiantly resisted Communist China’s aggression across the Himalayan Frontier during October-November 1962. This War Memorial was erected in Walong, Anjaw District, Arunachal Pradesh to pay tribute to the fallen soldiers.
The sentinel hills that round us stand Bear witness that we loved our Land; Amidst shattered rocks and flaming pine, We fought and died on Namti Plain. O’ Lohit gently by us glide, Pale stars above us softly shine, As we sleep here in Sun and rain.
SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – HIMALAYAN BLUNDER: I served in Special Frontier Force, a military organization that was created during November 1962 as a military alliance/pact between India, Tibet, and the United States. During 1972, I had served in Anjaw District, Arunachal Pradesh and had visited Namtifield or Namti Plains where Indian Army had valiantly resisted People’s Liberation Army of Communist China during the 1962 War.
R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S., Personal Numbers:MS-8466/MR-03277K. Rank:Lieutenant/Captain/Major. Branch:Army Medical Corps/Short Service Regular Commission(1969-1972); Direct Permanent Commission(1973-1984). Designation:Medical Officer. Unit:Establishment No.22(1971-1974)/South Column,Operation Eagle(1971-1972). Organization: Special Frontier Force.
The border agreement with China is yet another dose of insidious placebos administered on the people of India by their own government that has been in perpetual denial over the steady incremental loss of strategic Indian territory, says R N Ravi. Dr Manmohan Singh, the most widely foreign-travelled among Indian prime ministers, is learnt to have concluded his official foreign visits in his current term as the head of government with his latest trip to Beijing from October 22-24. The seminal achievement of this visit, as being touted by his government, is the Border Defence Co-operation Agreement he signed with Li Keqiang, his Chinese counterpart, on October 23. The agreement is being hailed as a landmark progress in the chronically troubled India-China relationship and a historic achievement of the United Progressive Alliance government towards securing India’s border with China. An observer of India-China border relations is baffled at the banality called the BDCA and shocked at the brazenness with which a repetitive deception on India is being peddled as an important measure for safeguarding India’s territorial interests from China’s strategic belligerence. Status quo at the Line of Actual Control between India and China is at the core of the numerous agreements and protocols signed between the two countries since 1993. However, China has not yet revealed its position on the alignment of the LOAC. India, too, for some obscure and self-defeating reasons, has not yet categorically articulated its position on the geographical alignment of the LOAC. Its failure to do so helps China enormously in sustaining its strategic belligerence at the border. China does not bind itself by articulating its own position on the LOAC and keeps making tactical incremental territorial advances into India to achieve its strategic objectives: a) gain crucial territories in geo-strategically sensitive areas and thereby irreversibly depleting India’s strategic territorial depth imperative for its national defence vis-à-vis China; and b) severely undermine India’s covert and overt potential capabilities for adventures across the border in Tibet or Xinjiang by keeping its own border region perpetually destabilised. There has been some shift in India-China relations in the last over two decades. Quantum jump in trade and commerce between the two countries has somewhat improved the atmospherics of the relationship. On the vexed border issue, there has been a perceptible convergence in the language of reconciliation. The two countries have signed some half a dozen agreements and protocols reiterating mutual restraint and non-aggression at the LOAC. However, in the absence of a mutually agreed LOAC, all the agreements and protocols for maintaining the status quo are no more than mere vacuous expressions of intent that only helps the more powerful of the two. In the absence of a mutually agreed LOAC, the situation becomes all the more irredeemable for an asymmetrically placed India when it does not spell out its own perception of the LOAC. To make matters worse for itself, India restrains its border guarding troops from patrolling its LOAC. Unlike India’s border with Pakistan where Indian troops have their posts at the Line of Control and regularly patrol the LoC, India does not allow its border guarding forces even to venture up to the LOAC. The troops are not allowed to go beyond the Line of Patrolling, a unilaterally chosen retreat position of India that runs far behind the LOAC. With no boots on the ground the Indian stance at the LOAC is militarily untenable. China takes full advantage of this institutionalised military vacuum between the Indian LOAC and the LOP. It moves its troops forward without any resistance. China could not have asked for a better scenario when it steadily gains territory and fulfills its strategic objectives without any resistance. It is a classic illustration of winning a war without a fight, a military doctrine attributed to Sun Tzu, a Chinese military strategist. China has already taken, post-1962 war, a fairly large tract of India’s land in the sub-sector north in Ladakh. Since 2005 and especially after 2009 it has shown enhanced belligerence in this sector and has moved its troops further deep inside the Indian territory beyond its stated claims in 1960 and what it captured in the 1962 war. It has been steadily nibbling into the Shyok valley, an area of crucial strategic significance for India, to maintain a tenable position in this sub-sector and retain its claim at the strategic Karakoram pass linking India with Xinjiang and Central Asia. On the eastern front, in Arunachal Pradesh, during the last four years Chinese military pressure has increased manifold at strategically sensitive points on the border. Its aggressive push since 2008 in Tatu Bowl/Dichu in Anjaw district along the Lohit river is alarming. Today it dominates the only route for Indian patrols to visit the India-China-Myanmar tri-junction. Fearing a likely face-off with the Chinese, India has stopped patrolling this segment of the border. China has, bilaterally, fixed its border with Myanmar at the Diphu Pass at the India-Myanmar border in Arunachal Pradesh, pushing the India-China-Myanmar tri-junction fixed by the McMahon Line down by over eight km. Chinese advance along the Lohit has serious adverse geo-strategic consequences for security in India’s North-East. Ironically, the China’s military belligerence became more pronounced after India and China began talking peace and signing agreements and protocols. The BDCA, the latest among the agreements, is repetitive in its essence and more ambivalent in its language than the previous agreements. The Agreement on the Maintenance of Peace and Tranquility Along the Line of Actual Control signed in September 1993, the first among such agreements, was far more emphatic in its intent and language than the tame and highly ambiguous BDCA. It inter alia states, ‘No side shall overstep the line of actual control’ and adds that ‘in case personnel of one side cross the line of actual control, upon being cautioned by the other side, they shall immediately pull back to their own side of the line of actual control’. On the issue of air intrusion it categorically obligates the two countries ‘to ensure that air intrusions across the line of actual control do not take place’. Contrast these with the corresponding clause Article II of the BDCA: ‘The two sides shall assist the other side in locating personnel… and aerial vehicles that may have crossed or are possibly in the process of crossing the line of actual control in the India-China border areas’. Instead of pressing the Chinese for fixing the LOAC, the core interim issue pending the final settlement of border, Prime Minister Manmohan Singh returned home diluting the earlier commitments of China for non-aggression and assuring the Chinese that our troops will share sweets with their Chinese counterparts on our national days and festivals (article V, BDCA). The BDCA is yet another dose of insidious placebos administered on the people of India by their own government that has been in perpetual denial over the steady incremental loss of strategic Indian territory. It perpetuates the dynamic status quo grossly tilted in favour of China and does not, in any way, safeguard the territorial integrity of India. Land grab by China continues. Chinese aircraft, helicopters and unmanned aerial vehicles are intruding into Indian air space in far more numbers than before.
R N Ravi is a retired special director of the Intelligence Bureau and monitored the China border for over 20 years. He can be reached at ravindra.narayan.ravi@gmail.com
