Bharat Darshan: From Kashmir to Kanyakumari – One Land and One DestinyFrom Kashmir to Kanyakumari – One Land and One Destiny.
Excerpt: The article talks about the geographical history and future of India, specifically focusing on the Himalayas. It explains that India was part of a supercontinent called Pangea and moved towards Euro Asia to form the Himalayas. It further elaborates on how the Indian plate continues to collide beneath Tibet, causing shifts in the landscape. The post raises concerns about the potential disappearance of Nepal and the threat of global warming on the Himalayan glaciers, which are vital water sources. It concludes with the idea that India must defend Tibet and the Himalayas, as its destiny is strongly tied to their well-being.
From Kashmir to Kanyakumari – One Land and One Destiny.
The Continental Shuffle
From Kashmir to Kanyakumari – One Land and One Destiny
The Land of India as we know today did not exist when our planet Earth was created and had arrived to take its place in the solar system.Our lives depend upon the life giving force of the rivers that flow down our Land and the most important rivers such as Sindhu, Ganges and Brahmaputra take their birth in the Himalayan mountains.We need to know about the formation of the Himalayas, the future of Himalayas and also know the consequences of climate change and be aware of the dangers of losing the glaciers which are the life giving source of our fresh water.We need to defend our Himalayan Frontier as our destiny is inexorably linked to their health and vitality. In an emotional sense, the idea of defending Himalayas has a great appeal and in response to the Chinese aggression in 1962, I served in the Indian Army to defend the Himalayan frontier. Apart from the threat posed by the enemy, we need to understand the bigger threat of global warming and its impact upon the Himalayan glaciers.
From Kashmir to Kanyakumari – One Land and One Destiny
Over 250 million years ago, India, Africa, Australia, South America and Antarctica were all one continent called Pangea and is also known as Gondwana Land.
From Kashmir to Kanyakumari – One Land and One Destiny
Over the next several million years, this giant southern continent proceeded to break up, forming the continents we know today. What ultimately formed the majestic Himalayas about 60 million years ago, was the rapid movement of India northward toward the continent of Euro Asia (Laurasia). India charged across the equator at rates up to 15 cm/year in the process closing an ocean named Tethys that separated fragments of Pangea. This ocean is entirely gone today.
From Kashmir to Kanyakumari – One Land and One Destiny
To understand the fascinating mechanics of the collision of India with Asia, we must first look beneath the Earth’s surface. For at least 80 million years, the oceanic Indian Plate continued its inexorable collision with southern Asia, including Tibet. The Indian sub-continent began to be driven horizontally beneath Tibet like a giant wedge, forcing Tibet upwards and this process continues today. In about 10 million years, India will plow into Tibet a further 180 km and the country of Nepal will technically cease to exist. But the mountain range we know as the Himalaya will not go away.
We are assured that the Himalaya would continue to exist in the future but our future depends upon the survival of the snow fields of the Himalaya.
From Kashmir to Kanyakumari – One Land and One Destiny. India must defend Tibet to defend its Himalayan Frontier.Bharat Darshan: From Kashmir to Kanyakumari – One Land and One DestinyBharat Darshan: From Kashmir to Kanyakumari – One Land and One DestinyBharat Darshan: From Kashmir to Kanyakumari – One Land and One DestinyBharat Darshan: From Kashmir to Kanyakumari – One Land and One DestinyBharat Darshan: From Kashmir to Kanyakumari – One Land and One DestinyBharat Darshan: From Kashmir to Kanyakumari – One Land and One DestinyBharat Darshan: From Kashmir to Kanyakumari – One Land and One Destiny
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: Goddess Annapurna is depicted as The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance.
Excerpt: The post lauds the maternal role in human creation and existence, emphasizing the critical concept of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance. The author introduces the “Whole Mother” phrase to represent the Divine Trinity or Three-in-One Concept of Motherhood: Mother as the original source of matter, energy (obtained from food oxidation), and intellect/consciousness. The mother cell, the source of life for all cells, hands down life, energy, and knowledge. It bequeaths functionality for acquiring and distributing energy, and intelligence, via the biological membrane and organelles, like mitochondria. Furthermore, the functionality and distinctive characteristics of every human being result from the unique fusion of maternal attributes and paternal genes. Major emphasis is also placed on the role of cytoplasm, positioning it as the seat of knowledge.
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: Tridevi, the Divine Trinity, or Three-in-One Concept of Motherhood. 1. Mother is the Original Source of the Living Matter, 2. Mother is the Original Source of Life Force, Prana or Energy obtained by oxidation of food, and 3. Mother is the Original Source of Consciousness and Intellect.
I coined the phrase Whole Mother to represent the concept of Tridevi, the Divine Trinity, or Three-in-One Concept of Motherhood. 1. Mother is the Original Source of the Living Matter, 2. Mother is the Original Source of Life Force, Prana or Energy obtained by oxidation of food, and 3. Mother is the Original Source of Consciousness and Intellect.
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: Goddess Annapurna is depicted as The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic Inheritance.
I account for my human existence using the phrase Whole Inheritance which includes the contributions of the Divine Principle, the Father Principle, and the Mother Principle. The term inheritance must include the inheritance of Matter and Knowledge from Mother apart from the genome as the fact of existence needs the support from an external environment at any given time and place.
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance.
The Divine Principle ensures the creation of the newborn who arrives in a physical and social environment to exist as an Individual with Individuality, an original, one of its own kind of object without any exceptions.
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance. THE ENTIRE HUMAN ORGANISM IS DERIVED FROM A SINGLE FERTILIZED EGG CELL. HOW IS THE IDENTITY AND INDIVIDUALITY IS ESTABLISHED AND IS KNOWN IN THIS COMPLEX MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM?Whole Dude – Whole Mother: Goddess Annapurna is depicted as The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance.
In Hinduism, a god (Deva) is often accompanied by a goddess (Devi), who is acknowledged as his Shakti or his feminine divine strength while in Physics there is no gender identity in the description of Energy/Power/Force.
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: Goddess Annapurna is depicted as The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance.
The food we eat every day not only serves to satisfy our taste buds but also offers nourishment that ultimately leads to growth and development. In Hinduism, this food that we consume daily is associated with a goddess – Annapurna.
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: Goddess Annapurna is depicted as The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance.
Annapurna Devi is believed to be the divinity of food and nourishment in Hindu Dharma. She is the goddess who delivers food for all living beings on earth. The name ‘Annapurna’ itself stands for ‘giver of sufficient food’ with ‘Anna’ signifying ‘food or grain’ and ‘Poorna’ meaning one who is complete, perfect, or whole. The equivalent of her name in English language would be ‘Whole Food’ or Whole Foods’.
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: Goddess Annapurna is depicted as The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance. Apart from man, Lord Shiva also needs this Spiritual Source of Sustenance provided by Goddess Annapurna.
With the blessings of Annapurna Devi, we can consume food and survive in this world. She not only offers nutrition to the physical body but also to the soul in terms of enlightenment and provides energy to achieve wisdom and knowledge. Goddess Annapurna is believed to be an avatar of Goddess Parvati, the spouse of Lord Shiva and is one of the many forms of Shakti. Apart from man and all other living things, Lord Shiva needs the spiritual medium of Anna Purna or Whole Food for his Spiritual Wellbeing. As per legend, Lord Shiva receives this Spiritual Source of Sustenance as alms and collects the offering in His begging bowl.
The Celebration of Maternal Cytoplasmic Inheritance
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic Inheritance.
The establishment of human existence primarily involves three kinds of inheritance. 1. The Inheritance of the Human Genome, 2. The Cytoplasmic Inheritance which includes the inheritance of cytoplasm and its organelles, the Cell Membrane or Biological Membrane, and 3. The Inheritance of Physical and Social Environment that supports the existence
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance. The Human Genome is just one dimension of the 3-dimensional inheritance.Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Mother Principle of human creation and human existence. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic Inheritance. The Divine attribute of Motherhood is the Maternal Cytoplasmic Inheritance. Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic Inheritance.
The Inheritance of Cell or Biological Membrane:
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: Living cells have a corporeal substance called Protoplasm that has the ability of Spiritual Biotic Interactions. The Biological Membrane or Cell Membrane separates the cell from its environment and other living cells present in the environment. Cells use unique proteins, biological molecules and receptor sites to recognize the other living cells and use chemical signals to facilitate the interactions. Such interactions between living cells have the characteristics of consciousness or awareness.
The Functions of Biological Membrane:
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance.
1. Protection: It protects the cell from its surroundings or extracellular environment. Plant cell possess wall over the plasma membrane for extra protection and support.
2. Holding cell contents: Plasma membranes hold the semi fluid protoplasmic contents of the cell intact; thus keeping the individuality of the cell.
3. Selective Permeability: Cell membrane allows only selected or specific substances to enter into the cell and are impermeable to others.
Gases like O2 and CO2 can diffuse rapidly in solution through membranes.
Small compounds like H2O and methane can easily pass through where as sugars, amino acids and charged ions are transported with the help of transport proteins.
The size of the molecules which can pass through the plasma membrane is 1-15 A0. This property is responsible for keeping a cell ‘as a cell’, an individual unit.
4. Shape: It maintains form and shape of the cell. It serves as site of anchorage or attachment of the cytoskeleton; thus providing shape to the cell (especially in animal cells without cell wall).
5. Organelles: Cell membrane delimits or covers all sub-cellular structures or organelles like nucleus, mitochondria, plastids, Golgi apparatus, endoplasmic reticulum, microbodies etc. thus protecting them form the surroundings and also helps in maintaining a constant internal environment.
6. Compartmentalization: Cell membrane separate the cells from their external environment and cell organelle from cytosol. It help the cells and their organelles to have their own microenvironments, structural and functional individuality.
7. Cell Recognition: With the help of glycolipids and glycoproteins on its surface, cell membranes are able to differentiate similar cells from dissimilar ones, foreign substances and cells own materials. Cell recognition is useful for tissue formation and defence against microbes.
8. Antigens: Cell membranes possess antigens which determine blood grouping, immune response, acceptance or rejection of a transplant (graft rejection by MHC’s on plasma membrane).
9. Microvilli: They are microscopic finger like projections of plasma membrane present on some cells like intestinal epithelial cells, which are involved in a wide variety of functions, including increasing surface area for absorption, secretion, cellular adhesion etc.
10. Sheaths of cilia and flagella: Cilia and flagella are projections from the cell; made up of microtubules which are covered by an extension of the plasma membrane.
11. Cytoplasmic bridges in plasmodesmata and gap junctions: Plasmodesmata in plant cells and gap junctions in animal cells; meant for intercellular transport and communication, form cytoplasmic bridges between adjacent cells through plasma membrane.
12. Endocytosis and Exocytosis: Bulk intake of materials or endocytosis occurs through development of membrane vesicles or invagination and engulfing by plasma membrane.
Exocytosis: It is reverse of endocytosis that provides for releasing waste products and secretory materials ot of the cells with the help of plasma membrane.
13. Impulse transmission in neurons: The transmission of a nerve impulse along a neuron from one end to the other occurs as a result of electrical changes across the plasma membrane of the neuron
14. Cell metabolism: Cell membranes control cell metabolism through selective permeability and retentivity of substances in a cell.
15. Electron transport chain in bacteria: In bacteria; Electron transport chain is located in cell membrane.
16. Osmosis through cell membrane: It is movement of solvent molecules (generally water) from the region of less concentrated solution to the region of high concentrated solution through a semi permeable membrane. Here the semi permeable membrane that helps in osmosis is the cell membrane. Eg: Root cells take up water from the soil by osmosis
17. Carrier proteins for active transport: They occur in the cell membranes and control active transport of substances. Example, GLUT1 is a named carrier protein found in almost all animal cell membranes that transports glucose across the bilayer or plasma membrane.
18. Plasma Membrane enzymes: Many enzymes are present on the plasma membrane with wide variety of catalytic activity. Example: Red blood cell plasma membranes contain a number of enzymes such as ATPases, anion transport protein, glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, protein kinases, adenylate cyclase, acetylcholinesterase.
19. Cell Membrane Receptors: Receptor on the plasma membrane performs signal transduction, converting an extracellular signal into an intra-cellular signal. Membrane possess receptors for hormones, neurotransmitters, antibodies and several other biochemicals.
20. Plasma membrane assisted Cell movements: Undulation and pseudopodia are cell membrane phenomenon involved in cell movement. Amoeba, macrophages and WBCs move with the helps of temporary organelles like pseudopodia. Pseudopods are temporary cytoplasmic projections of the cell membrane in certain unicellular protists such as Amoeba. Some mammalian cells such as fibroblasts can move over a solid surface by wave like undulations of the plasma membrane.
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance. Cell Membrane imposes Physical Barrier between Cell and its immediate External Environment. In addition, Cell Membrane creates numerous Compartments to segregate or isolate Chemical Reactions and Events within the Cell. Membrane has remarkable Cognitive Abilities.
In this article, I present the Mother Principle as Goddess Annapurna, a special spiritual dimension of Goddess Parvati, the consort of Lord Shiva. Goddess Annapurna symbolizes the harmonious blending or coming together of Matter, Energy and Knowledge. My understanding of Mother and Motherhood comes from the study of the building blocks of Life. The most important building block of human life is the fertilized Egg Cell.
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic Inheritance. The newborn baby upon separation from its mother begins life as an independent living entity by initiation of its vital, living functions such as Respiration and Circulation. To survive in physical world, the baby needs the ability to breathe on its own and circulate the vital supply of Oxygen to all tissues and organs of the entire body.Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. Goddess Annapurna symbolizes the harmonious blending of Matter, Energy, and Knowledge using a creative process called Anna (Food) + Purna (Whole, Complete, and Perfect)
The Father and the Mother – The Principles governing Life:
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Mother Principle called Goddess Annapurna symbolizes the harmonious coming together of Food, Energy and Knowledge to perform the complex living functions. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance
Father is described as the male parent, an ancestor, an originator, and as a Controller. Very often, in the Land of India, God is considered as both the Father and the Mother of all life forms. Mother is described as the female parent and something that is regarded as a ‘Source’. In the Indian tradition, Father may be viewed as the ‘Prime Cause’ and Mother as the Source of ‘Prime Energy’. Mother is the source of energy in performance of all kinds of actions and in accomplishment of all kinds of work. The Mother Principle represents the Endeavor/Work/Effort that makes action possible.
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. Matru Devo Bhava. Tridevi, the Divine Trinity, or Three-in-One Concept of Motherhood. 1. Mother is the Original Source of the Living Matter, 2. Mother is the Original Source of Life Force, Prana or Energy obtained by oxidation of food, and 3. Mother is the Original Source of Consciousness and Intellect.
If Life is defined as function at the level of biological molecules, Mother represents the Source or the Origin of these organic molecules; Mother is the Source of Energy for the synthesis of these organic molecules; and Mother is the Source of Knowledge that provides the ability of recognition and the ability to use the molecules in a sequential manner to manage the biochemical reactions of these organic molecules to function as Life.
Mother – Source of Life:
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance. The Divine attribute of Motherhood is the Maternal Cytoplasmic Inheritance. Goddess Laxmi is the Divine Provider of Life, Food, and Well-being.
The complex, multicellular human organism begins as a single cell. That single cell is the source of life, energy, and knowledge.
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Mother Principle of human creation and existence. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance. The Biological Dictum states “EX OVO OMNIA” – Everything comes from the Egg.Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance. The Biological Dictum – “OMNIS CELLULA E CELLULA” means all cells from (previously existing) cells.Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Divine attribute of Motherhood is the Maternal Cytoplasmic Inheritance of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.The Law of Biogenesis states that organisms arise only by the reproduction of other organisms. This cell known as Oocyte develops into Human Ovum or Egg Cell which begins the life of a new human organism after an event called Fertilization.
I, as a human organism exist in this world as I arrived from a previously existing ‘Mother Cell’. By repeated cell growth and cell division or replication known as ‘Mitosis’, the human organism grows and develops into a form containing trillions of cells. This process of development is called ‘Morphogenesis’ which involves not only cell growth but differentiation into specialized types of cells. All the tissues and organs of which the human body is composed have originally developed from a microscopic cell known as ‘Ovum’ or the ‘Egg Cell’. This Ovum or Egg Cell may be regarded as a perfect cell and could be described as ‘Mother Cell’. All the solid tissues in the human body can be shown to consist largely of similar cells; it is true that they may differ, but they are essentially similar to an Ovum. The Ovum is a reproductive cell that is adapted to meet the nutritional requirements of the early developmental stages of the embryo. It is always a large cell because it contains sufficient cytoplasmic substance for the development of a self-sufficient embryo. Some of the substance which is packaged in yolk particles contains cell components; typically an Ovum contains sufficient quantities of components for many cells. Thus the Ovum need not grow as it divides; as the nuclei divide, the cytoplasm subdivides until the Ovum consists of a large number of normal-sized cells. By contrast, the male reproductive cells known as ‘Spermatozoa’ contain very little cytoplasm and they cannot further divide into new cells.
THE Source of Life – Protoplasm:
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Divine attribute of Motherhood is the Maternal Cytoplasmic Inheritance of Life, Energy, and Knowledge.There is similarity between the cells of a man and that of his Mother Cell or Egg Cell called Ovum.Whole Dude – Whole Mother: Tridevi, the Divine Trinity, or Three-in-One Concept of Motherhood. 1. Mother is the Original Source of the Living Matter, 2. Mother is the Original Source of Life Force, Prana or Energy obtained by oxidation of food, and 3. Mother is the Original Source of Consciousness and Intellect.Whole Dude – Whole Mother: Tridevi, the Divine Trinity, or Three-in-One Concept of Motherhood. 1. Mother is the Original Source of the Living Matter, 2. Mother is the Original Source of Life Force, Prana or Energy obtained by oxidation of food, and 3. Mother is the Original Source of Consciousness and Intellect.Whole Dude – Whole Mother: Tridevi, the Divine Trinity, or Three-in-One Concept of Motherhood. 1. Mother is the Original Source of the Living Matter, 2. Mother is the Original Source of Life Force, Prana or Energy obtained by oxidation of food, and 3. Mother is the Original Source of Consciousness and Intellect. The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance.
The most significant feature of the similarity between the cells of a man and that of the ‘Mother Cell’ from which he had arrived is presence of a soft gelatinous, semi-fluid, granular material inside the cell. This substance known as ‘Protoplasm’ is similar to that found in the Ovum. The Ovum consists of this viscous, translucent, colloidal substance enclosed in a membrane called Plasma Membrane. A small spherical body called nucleus is embedded in the protoplasm. The protoplasm could also be differentiated into cytoplasm and nucleoplasm based upon its location. Cytoplasm refers to protoplasm located outside the nucleus. Nucleoplasm refers to protoplasm located inside the nucleus. The two essential features of any living cell in the human body are that of presence of protoplasm and the nucleus.
The most striking characteristics of protoplasm are its vital properties of “Motion” and “Nutrition”. Protoplasm has the intrinsic power to change its shape and position. Motion of protoplasm is called ‘amoeboid movement’ as it resembles the movements observed in the Amoeba proteus animalcule. Nutrition is the power which protoplasm has of attracting itself the materials necessary for its growth and maintenance from surrounding matter and environment. The Egg Cell or the Ovum is the Source or the Mother of Life. This living matter, living substance, or corporeal material has divine attributes. It is conscious, it is aware, and it performs cognitive functions to sustain its own living condition.
Heredity is the sum of all biological processes by which particular characteristics are transmitted from parents to their offspring. A child inherits a genetic constitution from its biological parents. This hereditary endowment, the total of the genes that the child has received from both parents is called the genotype. The genotype of an individual is formed from the constituents of the genotypes of his parents. The genotype in a fertilized Egg Cell influences the developmental pattern of the child. Progeny is not exact duplicates of their parents and usually vary in many traits. Heredity and Variation are two sides of the same coin. The outward appearance of an organism is called the phenotype. The same individual shows different phenotypes in childhood, in adulthood, and in old age. The genotype, on the other hand, does not change during an individual’s life. Each cell in the human body contains the same total genetic information that was present in the fertilized Egg. However, the cells are not identical. In different types of cells, groups of genes are controlled (in effect switched on and off) by various biochemical processes, so that each cell manufactures the proteins and structures needed for it to function. Cells are regulated by the DNA in the nucleus and by the transfer of selected portions of the DNA information to the cytoplasm through the intermediate molecules of ‘Messenger RNA’. It is estimated that, on average, only about 10 percent of the genes of any cell are functional; selection of functional genes varies with the type of cell. This biological phenomenon of selective gene functioning may contribute to what I term as ‘The Law of Individuality’. Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA accounts for the ability of all living matter to replicate itself exactly and to transmit genetic information from parent to offspring. The child maintains its individuality by selectively switching the inherited DNA on and off. The Law of Individuality applies to all living organisms. Despite the basic biological, chemical, and physical similarities found in all living things, diversity of life exists not only among and between species but also within every natural population.
The Mother Cell is the Source of Life for its child and yet the child comes into existence as a brand new and original product with its own Identity and Individuality. The Mother Cell does not manufacture the new multicellular organism called child. A child is always a created object even when it derives its life from a Mother Cell.
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance. The Divine attribute of Motherhood is the Maternal Cytoplasmic Inheritance.The Divine Phenomenon – A child always comes into existence as a created object even when it derives its life from a Mother Cell.
Mother – Source of Energy:
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: Tridevi, the Divine Trinity, or Three-in-One Concept of Motherhood. 1. Mother is the Original Source of the Living Matter, 2. Mother is the Original Source of Life Force, Prana or Energy obtained by oxidation of food, and 3. Mother is the Original Source of Consciousness and Intellect.The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance. The Divine Source of Energy.
To maintain life an organism not only repairs or replaces (or both) its structures by a constant supply of the materials of which it is composed but also keeps its life processes in operation by a steady supply of energy.
Living systems must be supplied energy for continual synthesis of new organic molecules and to replace or to repair broken organic molecules. This functional activity; the processes of synthesis and breakdown of organic molecules by a living cell, is known as metabolism. Metabolism involves a living system’s continual exchange of some of its materials with its surroundings, principally in the process of building up or destroying its protoplasm. growth involves a higher rate of synthesis of protoplasm than a rate of breakdown of that matter.
Organisms acquire energy for their metabolism by two general methods and could be classified as autotrophs or self feeders and heterotrophs or feeders of other organisms. Plants are known as Photoautotrophs as they acquire useful free energy from the energy of Sunlight. In a process known as Photosynthesis, plants use Sunlight to break water into Oxygen and Hydrogen. Hydrogen is then combined with Carbon dioxide to produce such energy-rich molecules as Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and carbohydrates and the Oxygen is released back into the atmosphere. Humans and most other animals are known as heterotrophs – these organisms acquire energy by the controlled breakdown of pre-existing organic molecules (food) supplied by other organisms. Humans utilize the atmospheric Oxygen (released by plant life) to combine chemically with organic matter (food) they have eaten and release Carbon dioxide and water as waste products. Metabolic processes do not occur in one step. It is not similar to burning sugar in air.
The glucose, a simple sugar is broken down by a series of successive and coordinated steps, each mediated by a particular and specific enzyme. The human organism extracts useful energy by a metabolic process described as Oxidation-Reduction Reactions. The glucose is broken down in a series of about 71 enzymatically catalyzed steps. The first 11 of these biochemical reactions do not involve the use of Oxygen. These Oxidation-Reduction Reactions occur in intracellular organelles known as Mitochondria in the cytoplasm of cells.
Mitochondria – The Powerhouse of Cells:
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Divine attribute of Motherhood is the Maternal Cytoplasmic Inheritance. In Mitochondria, many substances are oxidized and ATP, the energy-storing chemical of the cell is produced. This energy is utilized in a variety of cellular functions and activities.
Mitochondria are typically sausage-shaped particles about 0.5 to one micron wide and about 5 to 10 microns long. They are surrounded by an outer unit membrane which controls the passage of material into and out of the mitochondria and govern their internal environment. The inner membrane is the site of the respiratory functions that make the mitochondria the so-called Powerhouse of the Cell. The inner membrane is folded repeatedly into shelf like folds called cristae which contain the enzymes that play an essential role in conversion of the energy of foodstuffs into the energy used for cellular activities.
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts – A Divine Source for Energy Acquisition:
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Divine attribute of Motherhood is the Maternal Cytoplasmic Inheritance. Both Mitochondria and the Chloroplasts are semi-independent and self-reproducing parts of the Living Cells. It is a Divine Mechanism to provide Energy for Metabolism the characteristic of Living Matter.Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic inheritance. The Divine attribute of Motherhood is the Maternal Cytoplasmic Inheritance.The Mitochondria have a degree of “AUTONOMY” and they are unlike the other components of cells.
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts found in the green plant cells perform the same fundamental processes. The Chloroplasts contain the green colored pigment known as Chlorophyll. The Chloroplasts convert the energy of Sunlight into energy-rich ATP and use ATP to convert Carbon into specific organic substances. The most important equations for living things are mutually inverse. Respiration of human organisms represents the reverse of Photosynthesis of Green Plants. Both Mitochondria and the Chloroplasts are semi-independent and self-reproducing parts of the living cells. They have a degree of autonomy and they are unlike the other components of cells. Mitochondria contain DNA in the form of a Chromosome arranged in a ring. The DNA of Mitochondria has different distribution of bases from that of the DNA found in the Chromosomes present in the nucleus. Mitochondria carry the genes for their own replication and for the enzymes found in them. They can synthesize some of their own proteins and reproduce by themselves. In one respect the mitochondria function as the parts of the cells and in another respect, they behave like independent organisms that reproduce on their own.
The Mother Cell is the source of Mitochondria found in all the cells of my human body. During the Growth and Development of Human Embryo and Fetus, all the newly formed cells contain Mitochondria derived from the Egg Cell. Hence, mother as a biological parent represents the Source of Energy for all the Living Functions and activities of her children. I cannot move a muscle in my body without drawing energy supplied by the maternal Mitochondria which continue to live and replicate establishing my mother as the Source of Energy for my existence during my entire Life’s Journey.
Mother – Source of Knowledge:
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: The Divine attribute of Motherhood is the Maternal Cytoplasmic Inheritance. Goddess Sarasvati is the Divine Mother of Knowledge. Indian Tradition recognizes Mind, and Intellect as aspects of Material Energies. Life functions with Knowledge implanted into Living Organisms which display the characteristics of awareness, responsiveness, alertness, and consciousness.
Life is the state of an individual characterized by the capacity to perform certain functional activities including the ability of responsiveness. Life is further characterized by presence of complex transformation of organic molecules and by organization of such molecules into the successively larger units of protoplasm, cells, organs, and tissues. Hence, I have defined Life as “Knowledge in Action.”
Responsiveness represents the ability of an organism to change in response to alteration in its environment. Responsiveness, alertness, awareness, and consciousness separates living from nonliving matter and defines life’s underlying principle. Living cells are aware or conscious of the environment in which they exist as well as the state of their own internal environment. The one very important part of environment of a cell is other cells. The ability called awareness and responsiveness is important for recognition, association, and cooperation between cells. Cells function together by exchanging chemical signals.
THE Cytoplasmic or Maternal Inheritance:
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: Tridevi, the Divine Trinity, or Three-in-One Concept of Motherhood. 1. Mother is the Original Source of the Living Matter, 2. Mother is the Original Source of Life Force, Prana or Energy obtained by oxidation of food, and 3. Mother is the Original Source of Consciousness and Intellect.The celebration of maternal cytoplasmic Inheritance. Mitochondria are inherited from maternal cytoplasm.
Deoxyribonucleic acid or DNA accounts for the ability of all living matter to replicate itself exactly and to transmit genetic information from parent to offspring. While offspring inherit a genetic constitution and hereditary traits from both parents, some characteristics are inherited through the maternal line only. For example, there are no Chlorophyll containing Chloroplasts in pollen grains of (male) flowers. The act of Pollination does not contribute this most important characteristic known as Chloroplasts. Chloroplasts are found only in the Egg Cells of (female) flowers. Similarly, humans inherit the Powerhouses called Mitochondria only from Maternal cytoplasm. A Cytoplasmic Inheritance is entirely Maternal. Human functions that involve Sensory Perception, Mental Cognition, Learning, and the functions of Memory and Consciousness should be viewed as functions of the cytoplasm. Cytoplasm represents the Seat of Knowledge. Man begins Life as a single cell with its cytoplasm. The cell grows and divides while building more of its cytoplasm. Knowledge is the Fact of Knowing, the State of Knowing, and the Act of Knowing a range of information. The Mother or the Source of Knowledge is the Maternal Cytoplasm inherited from the Egg Cell, Ovum, or the Mother Cell.
Whole Dude – Whole Mother: Tridevi, the Divine Trinity, or Three-in-One Concept of Motherhood. 1. Mother is the Original Source of the Living Matter, 2. Mother is the Original Source of Life Force, Prana or Energy obtained by oxidation of food, and 3. Mother is the Original Source of Consciousness and Intellect.
Bharat Darshan: The concept of Forgiveness defines the Indian Identity.
Excerpt: The post discusses the diverse belief structures relating to judgement and forgiveness within the Judaeo-Christian and Islamic religions as well as Indian philosophies. While Western faiths promote the concept of a final judgement day, where individuals stand accountable before God, eastern ideology, particularly in India, is shaped by the theory of Karma and the belief in experiencing the consequences of one’s actions over time, without divine intervention. Concepts of forgiveness also contrast, with the West considering it akin to debt release, often through divine pardon, while Indian philosophy embraces ‘KSHAMA’, a guidance for patience, tolerance, and personal responsibility, without seeking divine forgiveness for deeds.
Bharat Darshan: The concept of Forgiveness defines the Indian Identity. Judaeo-Christian and Islamic Belief in Day of JudgementBharat Darshan: The concept of Forgiveness defines the Indian Identity. Rudyard Kipling separates East from West.
Oh !, East is East, and West is West,
and never the twain shall meet
Till Earth and Sky stand presently at
God’s great Judgement Seat:
Bharat Darshan: The concept of Forgiveness defines the Indian Identity. Illustration of Doomsday or Day of Judgment – The Book of 2 Corinthians,Chapter 5, verse 10
The ideas of RudyardKipling, the First English writer to win the Nobel Prize for Literature, may have been shaped by his Judaeo-Christian beliefs. The idea of standing before God’s great Judgement Seat belongs to the West. This idea is repeatedly expressed in Holy Bible.
Bharat Darshan: The concept of Forgiveness defines the Indian Identity. Romans 14:10-12 (NKJV) For we shall all stand before the judgment seat of Christ. 11 For it is written: As I live, says the Lord, Every knee shall bow to Me, And every tongue shall confess to God. 12 So then each of us shall give account of himself to God.
Apostle Paul in his Letters expresses the idea of coming before Christ for Judgment. In the Book of Romans, Chapter 14, verses 11 and 12 read: It is written : ” ‘As surely as I live,’ says the Lord, every knee will bow before me; every tongue will confess to God.’ ” So then, each of us will give an account of himself to God.
Bharat Darshan: The concept of Forgiveness defines the Indian Identity. “For we must all appear before the Judgement Seat of Christ”-The Second Epistle of Apostle Paul to the Corinthians
Apostle Paul reinforces the belief in the ‘Day of Judgment’ in his Second Epistle to the Corinthians. 2 Corinthians, Chapter 5, verse 10 reads as follows: “For we must all appear before the Judgment Seat of Christ, that each one may receive what is due him for the things done while in the body, whether good or bad.”
The idea of standing before God for Judgement is not specifically expressed in the East. In the Land of Bharat, the Belief in the Doctrine of Karma shapes the attitudes. In India, the idea of Salvation is not expressed in the context of going to Heaven or Hell as the consequence of a Reward or Punishment on the Day of Judgement. The Law of Karma asserts that “The Fruit of one’s own making is indeed experienced in one’s life.” As per Indian belief, this inevitability of consequences for one’s own actions is not operated by the mechanism of coming before a God on a Day of Judgment. In India, the man is free to choose between good and evil and experience the fruit of his own actions during the present stage of existence or at a later time in any successive stages of existence. These ideas shape our attitude towards others as well as our relationship with God. The Day of Judgement has no particular relevance to my belief in God.
The idea of Forgiveness:
Bharat Darshan: The concept of Forgiveness defines the Indian Identity. The Lord’s Prayer from the Book of Matthew,Chapter 6, Verses 9-13
Jesus taught His disciples the manner in which they must pray to God. From the Book of Matthew, Chapter 6, Verses 9 to 13 are recited and popularly referred to as ‘The Lord’s Prayer’. The idea of forgiveness is expressed in the context of a debt. To cancel or forgive a debt means an agreement to give up all future claims for repayment and hence there will be no future penalty and no punishment for an act of omission or commission. This same idea of forgiveness is also expressed in the context of sin.
Bharat Darshan: The concept of Forgiveness defines the Indian Identity. The Lord’s Prayer from the Book of Luke, Chapter 11, Verses 2-4
The Lord’s Prayer in the Book of Luke appears in Chapter 11, verses 2 to 4. Verse number 4 asks : “Forgive us our sins, for we also forgive everyone who is indebted to us (or, Forgive us our sins, for we also forgive everyone who sins against us).” This idea of forgiveness is not simply about our sense of our anger or resentment and a desire for retaliation and to extract penalty for an offense. This idea of forgiveness is more akin to a pardon that could only be granted by a Judge.
Bharat Darshan: The concept of Forgiveness defines the Indian Identity.
In the Judaeo-Christian and Islamic Belief, God officiates as a Judge and could grant a pardon and then there is no further punishment or consequence for an offense. In the Land of Bharat, God refrains from the role of being a Judge. God is viewed as a Defender, Protector, and Restorer of Dharma or Right Conduct. God would intervene if the Scales of Balance get tipped towards ‘Adharma’ or immoral conduct. Individuals do not come before God for His Judgment and they would experience the consequences for their own acts according to the Law of Karma. God refuses the role of a Judge and He is not in the business of forgiving sins or debts. Indians firmly believe in the practice of repaying their debts and unpaid debts are passed on to the next of kin or to the member of the next generation. Indians may seek assistance or help to repay their loans or render service in lieu of such repayment. They do not pray for forgiveness of their debts. For their acts of offense, misdeeds, and sinful activities, Indians only ask for patience and tolerance which is described as ‘KSHAMA’ in Sanskrit language. For any offending behavior or crime, an Indian may plead for a sense of restraint and forbearance. This tolerance of an offense, this restraint in retaliation or counteracting a misdeed is expressed in the context of a belief in ‘Prarabdha Karma’, the Karma that afflicts the body as a consequence of past actions. There is no escape from this experience of ‘Prarabdha Karma’ and God does not interfere with the operation of the Law of Karma. However, God may grant protection (Raksha) or offer refuge (Saranu) , or provide a sanctuary (Aasraya) to a person who is seeking to defend his existence from acts of retaliation by his enemies. The ideas of ‘Saranu’, ‘Raksha’, ‘Aasraya’, or ‘Aasaya’ could provide defence, protection, support, and help without actually forgiving the individual from eventual consequences for his actions. The concept of forgiveness of debts and sins is not reflected in the ideas and concepts that originated in India. An individual under no circumstance should make any attempt to avoid personal responsibility and a Superior person would not personally retaliate and would not punish an offender in a fit of anger. The Indian tradition demands us to show patience while dealing with the mistakes and misdeeds of others and urges us to take action to correct a wrong instead of extracting a penalty for the offense.
A Prayer for Patience, Tolerance, Mercy, Compassion, and Grace known as Kshama:
Bharat Darshan: The concept of Forgiveness defines the Indian Identity. Lord Shiva (the Auspicious one), is known as ‘Maha Deva'(Great God), Sambhu or Shambho (the Benignant one),an Ocean of Compassion and a Destroyer of Sensuality, a Great Ascetic, the Restorer of Peace.
करचरण कृतं वाक्कायजं कर्मजं वा । श्रवणनयनजं वा मानसं वापराधं । विहितमविहितं वा सर्वमेतत्क्षमस्व । जय जय करुणाब्धे श्रीमहादेव शम्भो ॥
Meaning: 1: Whatever Sins have been Committed by Actions Performed by my Hands and Feet, Produced by my Speech and Body, Or my Works, 2: Produced by my Ears and Eyes, Or Sins Committed by my Mind (i.e. Thoughts), 3: While Performing Actions which are Prescribed (i.e. duties prescribed by tradition or allotted duties in one’s station of life), As Well as All other Actions which are Not explicitly Prescribed (i.e. actions done by self-judgement, by mere habit, without much thinking, unknowingly etc); Please tolerate them all, 4: Victory, Victory to You, O Sri Mahadeva Shambho, I Surrender to You, You are an Ocean of Compassion.
Shiva= The Auspicious One, Karunaabhdey = An Ocean of Mercy, Compassion and Grace, Shambho= The Benignant One, Kshamasva= show patience and tolerance, Sarva mey tat= all( actions/activities ) without any exceptions, Vihitha=enjoined or explicable, Avihitham= Not enjoined or inexplicable, Aparaadham= acts of offense or crimes and misdeeds, Krutham=generated or attributed, kara= hands, charana=feet, Vaak=Speech,Karmajam=predestined as a consequence of a past act, sravana=generated by an act of hearing, nayanajam=generated by an act involving the use of eyes, Maanasam = generated in mind or mental visualization of physical acts.
This prayer specifically refrains from seeking an unconditional pardon and does not aim at obtaining forgiveness. The prayer seeks Lord’s Compassion,Mercy and Grace; and is seeking for His patience and tolerance as the individual has no real escape from the consequences of all of his acts without any exception. The individual is seeking Lord’s patience and tolerance as he faces the inevitable consequences for his misdeeds and crimes; and Lord’s Mercy, Compassion, and Grace are needed to mitigate and to help the individual to bear the consequences for such acts and to gain redemption.
Bharat Darshan: The concept of Forgiveness defines the Indian Identity.
Let it be a sin or a debt, I am encouraged to do my best to redeem myself using the process called Paschatap which is similar to the concept of Repentance but does not result in the remission of sins. The Indian Identity is defined by the belief that there is no escape from experiencing the fruits of one’s own actions of all kinds including the actions of good merit.
Bharat Darshan: The concept of Forgiveness defines the Indian Identity
Bharat Darshan – The Concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity.
Excerpt: In various cultures, the theme of repentance is deeply prevalent. To Jews it means following God’s will and achieving atonement, in Christianity it’s linked to the purification of sins through Jesus Christ, and in Islam, the concept involves rejecting other beliefs and adhering strictly to the teachings of the Quran. However, in India, repentance is viewed as a mental catharsis and a personal choice, with no connection to conversion or the remission of sins. It’s an act of self-purification leading to changed thoughts, desires, habits, and actions. Indians believe in submitting all actions to God, without hoping for any reward. Repentance is a concept that significantly defines the Indian Identity.
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity.
The idea of repentance is well expressed in different Cultures but the interpretation of its consequences is not the same. The Jews associate the idea of repentance with Divine Atonement and Absolution of sins. Repentance, and forgiveness of sins in the name of Jesus is the theme of the Books of The New Testament. Christian faith calls upon man to repent and be converted through the act of Baptism. In Islam, true repentance means that man must reject all other forms of belief and avoid the worship of false gods. By repenting, a Muslim agrees to truly believe in one and only God (ALLAH) and live in strict obedience to His Five Commandments and other ordinances as revealed in the Holy Scripture of Quran. Islam also demands that the true believer must ask the non-believer to repent. Islam encourages the idea of harshly punishing all individuals who fail to truly repent. In India, the Land described as ‘Karma Bhumi’, repentance is viewed upon as a personal choice. Repentance could only be used to change one’s own conduct. Most importantly, in the Land of Bharat, the idea of repentance is not associated with the idea of converting the religious beliefs of a man. The idea of ‘repent or perish’ does not define Indian Identity.
Judaism and the Doctrine of Atonement:
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity: Repentance is a common theme of Old Testament Prophets. Prophet Jeremiah had more to say about repentance than any other Prophet. He called upon Jews to repent and condemned them for their false worship and social injustice.
To Jews, repentance means living in obedience to Yahweh’s Will for the individual and the nation of Israel. For a Jew, atonement is expiation for his own sin in order to attain God’s forgiveness. He may achieve this in various ways, including repentance, payment for a wrong action, good works, suffering, and prayer. Repentance and changed conduct are stressed as the most important aspects of Atonement.
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity: God set up Laws for the Israelites mostly regarding holiness and worship. The Old Testament Book of Leviticus, Chapter 16, verse 34:”This is to be a lasting ordinance for you; Atonement is to be made once a year for all the sins of the Israelites.”
The Day of Atonement or YOM KIPPUR is the most important and solemn of the Jewish holidays. It is the tenth and final day of the Ten Days of Repentance which begins with Rosh Hashanah.
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity: God has issued a lasting ordinance and has called upon the Jews to obtain Atonement once a year.After the destruction of the Second Temple at the Temple Mount in Jerusalem, Jews discontinued the practice of ritualistic animal sacrifice to make the sin and burnt offerings to seek Atonement.
The observance of Yom Kippur includes 25 hour period of fasting and intensive prayer. At the end of Yom Kippur, the man considers himself absolved from his sin and is reconciled to God.
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity: Repentance is not a personal choice for the Jews.
The Message of Jesus – The Kingdom of God is Near and Therefore Repent:
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity.Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity: “REPENT, FOR THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN IS AT HAND!” – Gospel of Matthew, Chapter 3, verse 2.Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity: The Baptism of the sinless Man. From that time on Jesus began to preach, “REPENT, FOR THE KINGDOM OF HEAVEN IS NEAR.” – Gospel of Matthew,Chapter 4, verse 17.
Jesus announced the approaching Kingdom of God and therefore called people to repentance. Jesus’ call to repentance is grounded in this message of the approaching Kingdom of God. In Jesus’ preaching, repentance does not mean a prerequisite or precondition or even a penitent contemplation of oneself but, rather a consequence of the proximity of the Kingdom of God.
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity: The Acts of the Apostles, Chapter 2, verse 38:Then Peter said to them,”Repent, and let every one of you be baptized in the name of Jesus Christ for the remission of sins; and you shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.”
Christians believe that the redeeming of mankind and the reconciliation of God with man is brought about by Jesus’ suffering and Crucifixion. As per Christian belief, Jesus came to Earth and became the sacrifice for all mankind. It was the sins of all mankind that has put Jesus on the Cross. Christians seek forgiveness through Jesus Christ the Savior.
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity: Risen Lord – Jesus the Redeemer. The Acts of the Apostles, Chapter 3, verse 19:”Repent therefore and be converted, that your sins may be blotted out, so that times of refreshing may come from the presence of the Lord.”Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity: Lent Season: The period of forty week days from Ash Wednesday to Easter is observed variously in Christian Churches by fasting and penitence. Christians do not celebrate a ‘Day of Atonement’. Christians seek forgiveness of sins through GRACE of their Risen Lord.
Christian traditions accept the announcement of God’s willingness to forgive all those who truly repent of their sins. Christians are sharply divided about the Doctrine of Conciliation and the power to “bind and loose.”
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity. For Indians, there is no remission of sins through acts of Repentance.
Jesus after the Resurrection told the disciples:”If you forgive anyone his sins, they are forgiven; if you do not forgive them, they are not forgiven.” (Gospel of John, Chapter 20, verse 23) This statement is interpreted in different ways. Catholics believe in Sacramental Absolution of sins and they extend the power to “bind and loose” that was conferred by Jesus on the Apostles to all of their priests. Martin Luther, the leader of Protestant Reformation in Germany had asserted that daily repentance is the repeated actualization of Baptism. The Protestants have ruled out The Sacrament of Penance, the Fourth Sacrament of Roman Catholicism.
Islam – “Allah is He Who Accepts Repentance”:
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity: “Know they not that Allah is He who accepts repentance from His bondsmen and taken the alms, and that Allah is He who is the Relenting and Merciful.” SURAH IX, At-TAUBAH,verse 104, Holy Quran.
The Revelations stated in the Holy Book of Quran state that it is always possible for a sinner to repent (Taubah or Tawbah) and redeem himself by a genuine conversion to the truth. Genuine repentance has the effect of removing all sins and restoring a person to the state of sinlessness with which he started his life.
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity: (Triumphant) are those who turn repentant (to ALLAH), those who serve (Him), those who praise (Him), those who fast, those who bow down, those who fall prostrate (in worship), those who enjoin the right and who forbid the wrong and those who keep the limits (ordained) of ALLAH – And give glad tiding to believers! – Holy Quran, At-Taubah, Surah IX, verse 112.
In Surah IX, At-Taubah (Repentance), Holy Quran issues stern Commandments against idolaters, disbelievers, transgressors, the Jews and the Christians for they have taken as lords beside ALLAH their rabbis, and their monks, the Messiah, and that son of Mary.
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity: Quran was sent down as a guidance for the people. (Surah II, verse 185)
The ninth month of the Muslim Year during which the Quran was sent down as a guidance for the people is observed as a period of daily fasting from sunrise to sunset. Ramadan is seen as an obedient response to a Command from God and to a lesser extent it may represent a period of Atonement.
The Land of Bharat: Submission of all actions to God:
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity: Kayena vacha manasenindriyairva, Buddhyatmana naa prakrteh svabhavat, Karomi yadyatsakalam parasmai, Narayanayeti Samarpayami.
While the Jews, the Christians, and the Muslims are constantly reminded to repent and to seek forgiveness of God for all of their sinful actions, in the Land of Bharat, the people are counseled to submit to God all of their actions; either good or bad.
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity: Submit all actions to Lord God Creator without desiring the fruits of actions.
Whatever actions that a man accomplishes with his body, with his speech, with his mind, with his organs of motor function, or because of his attitude or temperament; all of those acts without any exception should be dedicated or submitted to the Supreme Lord known as Narayana. Without making any distinction between good or bad actions; man should refrain and should not desire the fruits of his actions.
The Three Modes of Material Nature – ‘Guna Traya Vibhaga Yoga’:
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity: Sattvam, rajas, tama iti gunah prakriti- sambhavah, Nibadhnanti Maha-Baho, dehe dehinam avyayam.
The Lord’s Song known as the Bhagavad Gita, Chapter XIV, verse 5 states that the material Nature consists of the three modes – goodness (Sattva), passion (Rajas), and ignorance (Tamas). And when the living entity comes in contact with Nature (Prakrti), he becomes conditioned by these modes which enslave the immutable consciousness of the self within the body. Man acts under the influence of any of the three different modes of material Nature.
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity: Gunam etan atitya trin dehi deha – samudbhavan, Janma – mrtyu jara-dukhair Vimukto ‘ mrtam asnute.
The Lord’s Song further states that when man is able to rise above (transcend) these three qualities known as Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas, the embodied soul can become free from birth, death,old age, and their distresses, and can enjoy “Amrit” (the Divine Nectar that bestows Immortality) even in this life. The Supreme Lord is transcendental to the three modes of Nature. When man acquires the true knowledge of the Supreme Lord, he is emancipated (Vimukti) from the conditioning effects of Sattva, Rajas, and Tamas.
Indian View – Repentance does not remit sins:
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity.
In the Sanskrit language, the word repentance is described as “Paschatap.” It is the feeling of sorrow or grief experienced by an offender for his own actions that inflicted pain or caused an injury or insult. The Indian thinkers have described repentance as mental catharsis. Repentance is an act of purification of the mind. A man cannot unburden his conscience by concealing his actions, or by suppressing the memory of his actions. The emotional stress and the burden imposed by a sense of guilt could be alleviated by bringing the memory of our actions to consciousness and by giving expression to sorrow or grief caused by these actions. The offender does not merely regret his actions. He mentally experiences the pain caused by his actions and gives expression to the emotion of sorrow or grief. In the Indian tradition, grief is manifested by actually shedding tears of sorrow with which the offender cleanses the feet of his victim. This process of mental catharsis brings about changed conduct. The man is enabled to change his mode of conditioned activities. The activities performed in the mode of ignorance (Tamas), and passion (Rajas) lead to distress. Man acquires real knowledge while acting under the influence of the mode of goodness or Sattva. Repentance helps the man to move upward into the mode of Sattva (goodness ) from that of Tamas (ignorance), and Rajas (passion). Through repentance man changes his thoughts, his desires, his habits and his actions.
Bharat Darshan – The concept of Repentance defines Indian Identity. Prove Repentance through actions
Defining Indian Identity – The Fear of Samsara. Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.
The cultural traditions that originated in India motivate people to seek refuge or shelter at the Feet of the Lord by evoking a sense of fear and this fear is described as the fear of ” SAMSARA.” Samsara or Bhava describes the viewpoint about the human condition and deals with the problems of human existence. It contributes to a sense of apprehension and anxiety and the attitude it generates is one of intense fear and helplessness.
Defining Indian Identity – The Fear of Samsara. Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.
Defining Indian Identity-The Fear of Samsara. Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.
In one great leap of faith, Lord Hanuman jumps over the sea with utmost ease, whereas crossing the sea evokes only a sense of fear in my heart. I derive some hope from the legend about the land bridge (SETU) built by the army of monkeys.The Sea God promised them that the rocks and boulders used for the construction of the bridge will be held in place and stay afloat. He did that to please Lord Rama. During my perilous journey across the ocean of SAMSARA, I use the name “RAMA” to remain afloat and live with a sense of hope and finding a direction in the absence of navigational tools and charts.
Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean. In the fearful journey described as ‘SAMSARA’, I use Lord Rama’s name as a ‘Life Jacket’ and also the name serves like a Beacon of Hope and provides a sense of direction while journeying across an uncharted, treacherous sea.
“The fear of the Lord is the beginning of Wisdom” says the Holy Bible, The Book of Proverbs, Chapter1, verse 7.
Defining Indian Identity – The Fear of Samsara. Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.
For the religious traditions that originated outside of India such as Judaism, Christianity and Islam, the fear of the Lord could be a primary motivating factor to seek the worship of the Lord. On the contrary, the religious traditions that originated in the Land of India, do not encourage their adherents to entertain any such fear of the Lord. In the Indian traditions, the Lord or the Deity that Indians choose to worship would receive them with a sign that proclaims ” BE FEARLESS.” The Lord reassures them with a sign that is popularly described as ABHAYA HASTA or ABHAYA MUDRA. In Indian literature, countless number of images, idols, paintings and drawings, there are invariable references to a consistent message of ABHAYA and naturally Indians are less concerned with ” The Fear of the Lord.”
Defining Indian Identity – The Fear of Samsara. Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.Defining Indian Identity – The Fear of Samsara. Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.
Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.
Defining Indian Identity – The Fear of Samsara. Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.Defining Indian Identity – The Fear of Samsara. Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.Defining Indian Identity – The Fear of Samsara. Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.
Samsara is also depicted as a serious disease entity afflicting a person’s health and is referred to as ” BHAVA ROGA “.Others view Samsara as existence in a bottomless deep pit(“AGHADA”)or that of being trapped in a deep well from where an escape would not be easy.The fear of Samsara/Bhava,the human condition,has nothing to do with physical courage.The powerful idea of Samsara inspires a sense of fear in the hearts of even the most courageous of all people.Cultural traditions that have their roots in the other parts of this planet may not be aware of this kind of fear and hence the fear of Samsara could be viewed as a feature that defines and molds the Indian Identity.Indians chant the Lord’s name as a medicine to cure this terrible disease and they seek Lord’s protection to reach the shore and complete the journey across the ocean.There are numerous references in Indian literature and some verses could be quoted to illustrate the point.
1.SRI RAMA MANTRAM:
Human existence faces challenges from several directions. The concept of Samsara is an additional and significant challenge experienced by the people of Land of India. Lord Rama during His life’s journey had faced several challenges and His name gives the comfort and protection that I seek while my journey is rough and tough. Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.
Samsara sagara bahaya paha viswa mantram
Saksham Mumukshu jana sevita siddhi mantram
Saranga hasta mukha hasta nivasa mantram
Kaivalya mantra manesam bhaja Rama mantram.
This verse would banish the fear generated by the ocean like Samsara.
2.THE PRAYER TO LORD MAHA VISHNU:
“VANDE VISHNUM, BHAVA BHAYA HARAM” – Salutations to Lord Vishnu, the Destroyer of the Fear of Samsara.Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.
The prayer would destroy the fear of bhava/Samsara.
3.THE PRAYER TO LORD LAKSHMI NARASIMHA SWAMY:
THE UPLIFTING POWER OF LORD NARASIMHA TO CONQUER THE FEAR OF SAMSARA.Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.
Samsara koopa mati ghoramaghadha mulam,
Samprapya dukha sata sarpa samaa kulasya
Deenasya Deva krupayaa saranaagatasya
Lakshmi Nrusimha mama dehi karavalambam.
The verse pleads the Lord to extend His hand and physically lift the worshiper from the horrible bottomless well of Samsara.
Defining Indian Identity – The Fear of Samsara. Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.
4.THE PRAYER TO LORD SHIVA:
LORD SHIVA, THE PROTECTOR, THE DESTROYER OF ALL FEARS.Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.
Praatarnamaami girisam girijaardha deham
Sarga sthiti pralaya kaarana maadi Devam
Visweswaram vijita viswa manobhiraamam
Samsara roga hara oushadha madviteeyam.
The verse describes Lord Shiva as the root cause of creation,sustenance and eventual destruction and the Lord’s name is the matchless medicine to wipe out the disease of Samsara.
5. A PRAYER FROM BHAJA GOVINDAM:
Guru Adi Shankaracharya describes the fear of Samsara and its resolution by seeking protection from chanting the name of GOVINDA.Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.
Punarapi jananam punarapi maranam
Punarapi jananee jatare sayanam
Eha samsaare bahu dustaare
Krupaya paare pahi Murare.
This verse seeks the compassion of Vishnu to reach the shore and to get over the problem of this difficult existence which involves repeated cycles of birth, death and rebirth.
6.KALI KALMASHA NAASANA MAHA MANTRAM:
SHODASA NAAMA MANTRAM. The Sound Energy of these 16 names would destroy all the polluting effects of our present times.Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.
Hare Rama Hare Rama-Rama Rama Hare Hare
Hare Krishna Hare Krishna-Krishna Krishna Hare Hare.
This Mantra is composed with sixteen words and hence is also known as Shodasa Nama Maha Mantram. Amongst all Vedas, there is no better device than this Mantra to seek deliverance from the trappings of Samsara.The following verse from Kali Samtaranopanishad proves the efficacy of this Mantra.
EtiShodasha Naamnam, Kali kalmasha nasanam; NaaTha parataropayaH, Sarva Vedeshu drusyatey.
Human existence is beset with countless uncertainties and difficulties which may arrive without any prior warning from different directions in an unpredictable manner. It is rational to approach life with a sense of apprehension and seek the help of the Lord who graciously held His right hand in a show of compassion and receives with a greeting of “ABHAYA” and is willing to banish the fear of Samsara.
Defining Indian Identity-The Fear of Samsara. The LORD is Male and Female at one and the same time. The right hand is held in the pose of Abhaya Mudra.Samsara portrays the picture of life’s journey as a tedious,difficult and challenging swim across an unknown,uncharted and treacherous ocean.
A Prayer to Lord Ganesha for Success with Humility.
Lord Ganesha is unique among all deities. He has a human form with the head of an Asian elephant. Like the elephant which can grasp objects with its trunk, the entire realm of knowledge is in His grasp. In brilliance, He outshines Sun (Surya) and His radiant appearance can illuminate the entire universe. His body is so huge, it can accommodate the entire creation.
A Prayer to Lord Ganesha for Success with Humility.
Lord Ganesha is worshiped to remove obstacles. He removes obstacles when we contemplate actions that promote our well-being and brings us the goodwill of others and the actions should have no evil design or purpose. Lord Ganesha removes obstacles and paves the way for accomplishment and success in human endeavors. The notion that success is the result of divine sanction rather than being entirely due to personal effort, would let us reach our goals with a sense of modesty and humility.
PRAYER TO LORD GANESHA – SUCCESS THROUGH OBEDIENCE AND HUMILITY.
The primary goals for man have been described as Dharma, Artha, Kama, and Moksha. Dharma (right conduct)is not only a goal but also is the way. The other three goals should only be reached following the way of Dharma. To prepare for the journey on the path of Dharma, the traveler finds direction from a sense of humility.
A prayer to Lord Ganesha for Success with Humility.
The radiant and immense personality of Ganesha endows us with humility. Having reached the goals of Artha (personal wealth, social status and position), and Kama (fulfillment of desires, progeny, and family), we inevitably encounter with the consequences of the powerful effects of time. The following verse from ‘ Bhaja Govindam’ sets us on a mission to seek the fourth goal of human existence.
A Prayer to Lord Ganesha for Success with Humility.
The fear that time would dissolve everything we possess would help us to overcome arrogance that may be associated with acquiring wealth, family and being youthful in age.
Sooner or later, we set our sights for the fourth goal and it will not be very easy to visualize the final destination. To achieve Moksha or Mukti, to reach the shore of liberation and conclude the journey across the ocean of Samsara, a person endowed with humility would be able to say the following prayer and get the needed help.
A prayer to Lord Ganesha for Success with Humility. The flow of Time remains a Mystery. Man is conditioned to experience the aging process as if Time flows in a Straight Line like an Arrow.
Human existence is permanently bound to the illusion that shapes the sensory experience of Sunrise and Sunset. Sun shines with all His radiance all the time. The living entities exist in an illusion state which helps them to mark their existence by the alternating periods of light and darkness. We do not have the biological ability to detect the spin of the Earth and we have synchronized our existence with Sunrise and Sunset and this biological rhythm, known as Solar Rhythm, Circadian Rhythm, or Diurnal Rhythm, manages several of our biological functions.
The Grandfather Clock – The division of the day into hours, minutes, and seconds helps us to recognize the passage of time. We have no sensory perception of Earth’s spin that gives us alternate periods of light and darkness.
It is not easy to comprehend the Ultimate Reality when the existence is synchronized with an illusion. Time’s Power of Dissolution would eventually compel us to investigate and to explore the concept of Absolute and Unchanging Reality. A prayer to Lord Ganesha would endow us with humility that we need to achieve the four primary goals and gives us success in life.
MENTORSHIP: Bammera Potana, the well-known Telugu poet while translating the epic poem of Bhagavatam from the Sanskrit language into Telugu stated that he would narrate the story of Bhagavatam using imagination and inspiration entirely provided by Lord Rama:
A Prayer to Lord Ganesha for Success with Humility under the mentorship of poet Bammera Potana.A Prayer to Lord Ganesha for Success with Humility under the mentorship of poet Bammera Potana.
I would like to narrate my story, describe my ideas, and share my thoughts drawing inspiration from Lord Rama. My endeavor is to destroy the state of conditioned existence called ‘Bhava’, and get over the fear of ‘Samsara’, a journey of the embodied soul across uncharted sea which constantly evokes a sense of fear of the unknown.
A Prayer to Lord Ganesha for Success with Humility under the mentorship of Poet Bammera Potana.
Maharishi Valmiki, Adikavi, Prime Poet, had no formal education. He was totally inspired to narrate the Story of Lord Rama called RAMAYANA. Telugu Poet Bammera Potana who also had no formal education translated the epic poem known as Bhagavatam from Sanskrit into Telugu and displayed his immense powers of creativity. He not only dedicated his work to Lord Rama but also acknowledged that every word that he used was inspired by Lord Rama. For my humble endeavor, I seek the same inspiration.
Anyatha sharanam nasti, tvameva sharanam mamah
Tasmat karunya bhavena, kshamasva Parameshvara.
I have no other refuge, Thou art my sole refuge, Out of a sense of compassion, protect me, O Supreme Lord!
A prayer to Lord Ganesha for Success with Humility.A Prayer to Lord Ganesha for Success with Humility. THE MAN’S EXISTENCE IS SHAPED BY FLAT EARTH WITH ARCHED DOME EXPERIENCE. THE REALITIES OF EARTH’S SHAPE AND MOTIONS ARE OVERPOWERED BY THE INFLUENCE CALLED ILLUSION.
To defend her true nature, to preserve her essence, to resist the violation of her personal dignity and honor, Rani Padmini of Chittorgarh, India had courageously responded to a difficult and challenging life situation by an act of self-immolation. Her physical being was destroyed by the fire which she had willingly embraced and yet her spirit has survived. She has declared Victory over Death and she lives as an immortal person in the hearts of Indians and gives them a sense of Pride and Identity. Indian Culture and Tradition glorify the act of giving life to resist the Enemy.
Proud to be an Indian: To defend her true nature, to preserve her essence, to resist the violation of her personal dignity and honor, Rani Padmini of Chittorgarh, India had courageously responded to a difficult and challenging life situation by an act of self-immolation. Her physical being was destroyed by the fire which she had willingly embraced and yet her spirit has survived. She declared Victory over Death and she lives as an immortal person in the hearts of Indians and gives them a sense of Pride and Identity. Indian Culture and Tradition glorify the act of giving life to resist the Enemy.
RANI PADMINI OF CHITTORGARH
I had the good fortune to serve in the Indian Army and had the opportunity to take part in the Liberation War of Bangladesh in 1971. During my school years, I was a student of Indian History and always performed exceedingly well in that subject. In 1962, when China launched a massive attack across our Himalayan frontier, I was a young college student and took part in a protest march to express my resentment. I participated in the National Cadet Corps training but I never had the physical strength and profile to qualify myself to join Army and fight a battle on behalf of my country. I went to Medical School and in the pre-final year, I was selected in an interview and was granted the rank of Second Lieutenant and joined the Army Medical Corps. I could join the battle in support of those brave and strong men who confront the enemy. Army Service gave me the opportunity to know people of this Land and their great traditions. I take pride in the fighting spirit of each one of them, to name a few, the Jat, the Rajput, the Sikh, the Dogra, the Garhwal, the Kumaon, the Gorkha, the Maratha, the Mahar and the Madras.
I contemplate on ideas of dignity, pride, honour and courage. I knew my men well. I know their strength as well as their fears. I understood that the word courage does not mean being fearless. I see courage as the ability to meet your challenge and perform your duty in spite of fear. The ability to conquer fear is courage and it is not the absence of fear.
Bharat Darshan – Proud to be an Indian: Rani Padmini – Her Essence and Her Existence. She defended her essence and destroyed her physical existence and her essence still lives in the heart of Indians and gives them a sense of pride. She declared her Victory over Death.
ESSENCE AND EXISTENCE:
What you are is your essence and what you do is your existence. Man is a physical, mental, social, moral, and spiritual being. Man’s essence is defined by the contents of his character and conduct. Rani Padmini had set values and had defined her existence in terms of those values that she had cherished. She responded with a great sense of courage and dissolved her physical existence to defend her essence; the sense of dignity and the sense of honor was her true nature, and her physical being merely existed to project her essence. She declared her Victory over Death and her spirit, her essence, her true nature still lives in the hearts of Indians making her an immortal being.
Bharat Darshan – Proud to be an Indian: The Legacy of Rani Padmini of Chittorgarh.Bharat Darshan – Proud to be an Indian: The Legacy of Rani Padmini of ChittorgarhBharat Darshan – Proud to be an Indian: The Legacy of Rani Padmini of ChittorgarhBharat Darshan – Proud to be an Indian: The Legacy of Rani Padmini of Chittorgarh.Bharat Darshan – Proud to be an Indian: The Legacy of Rani Padmini of Chittorgarh.Bharat Darshan – Proud to be an Indian: Essence and Existence- Indians express their Essence in the manner they exist. Rani Padmini of Chittorgarh expressed her essence as a moral, and spiritual being by ending her physical existence. Sanskrit is the Cultural tool that Indians use to define their Essence.Bharat Darshan – Proud to be an Indian. The Legacy of Rani Padmini of ChittorgarhBharat Darshan – Proud to be an Indian. The Legacy of Rani Padmini of Chittorgarh.Bharat Darshan – Proud to be an Indian. The Legacy of Rani Padmini of ChittorgarhBharat Darshan – Proud to be an Indian. The Legacy of Rani Padmini of Chittorgarh.
Bharat Darshan – The two-sides of Gandhi’s political leadership.
Excerpt: This piece critically examines Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership in India’s struggle for independence and partition. Gandhi is celebrated for nonviolent resistance, yet the author assesses whether his “ahimsa” principle neglected the right to self-defense, especially during violent clashes during partition. The author argues that Gandhi’s response to proposals for partition, India’s subsequent violent separation, and ensuing mass displacement indicate failed leadership. Moreover, the piece re-evaluates the roles of Gandhi, Nehru, and Jinnah during this period. It suggests they lacked authority to accept partition, accuses them of abandonment for not ensuring partition’s peaceful implementation, and questions their underlying adherence to non-violence, citing violence’s necessity for justice and protection.
The Flip Side of Gandhi’s political Leadership:
Mahatma Gandhi’s leadership involved the use of nonviolence or Ahimsa as a political weapon. Did he believe in the use of violent force as a tool of self-Defense?
Leadership position gives the man an aura or charisma. Gandhi had earned the title of ‘MAHATMA’, a Great Soul because of his leadership role in India’s Struggle for Independence from British Rule. He inspired a sense of nationalism and I have acknowledged the same in several of my blog posts. He had championed the use of Nonviolence or ‘AHIMSA’ as a political tool and had encouraged people to defend human dignity and human value. However, leadership comes with responsibility. Leadership imposes a heavy burden and a true leader must take responsibility for the consequences of his actions and shortcomings. The principle of nonviolence must be evaluated in the context of defending Human Rights. A man is entitled to his life. A man has the Right to defend himself with whatever force is reasonably necessary against actual or threatened violence. Self-defense is a principle, is a natural instinct, and is a natural Law. Self-defense and Self-preservation may require the use of force or violence to stop the aggressor. It is not a crime to kill an aggressor to defend one’s own life. In a civilized society, the State has a duty to protect the lives of people, and give people the means and the support to exercise their right to self-defense. I have revisited the assassination of Mahatma Gandhi by Nathuram Godse. I had to examine the flip side of his leadership. Gandhi was the unchallenged leader of the Freedom Movement and the Congress Party. His response to British Viceroy Lord Mountbatten’s proposal for partition of British India was highly irresponsible and was not expected of a leader. The Freedom Movement had generated a demand for an Islamic State in all areas where Muslims had a numerical majority. Under the British Rule, Hindus, Muslims, Sikhs, and others had enjoyed a degree of protection and had lived together for centuries. The Freedom Struggle had changed this situation of peaceful coexistence. As the freedom struggle had intensified to end the British Rule, the British stopped paying attention to maintain peace and order within the community. To make their demand for a separate Islamic State, and to consolidate their position on the ground, Muslims had started a program of ethnic intimidation, and of ethnic cleansing to wipe out Hindus living in areas under their control. Hindu properties were looted and burned and Hindus were violently expelled from their homes. Several men, women, and children were brutally killed during vicious mob attacks. The Freedom Movement had unleashed these violent forces and no protection was given to the innocent people who were caught in the middle. In such a situation, the leadership had a moral duty and responsibility to organize and put in place the structures that could defend the community from violent attacks. It was the duty of the Congress Party and its leadership to advocate the use of force as self-defense. If Hindus had not supported the Congress Party and its demand for Freedom, the Movement would not have gained any momentum. There would be no demand for an Islamic State and any Muslim demand for freedom would be rejected and the British would have maintained Law and Order. So, Gandhi as the leader of this Freedom Movement was expected to shoulder a greater responsibility as compared to Muslim League leaders like Mohammad Ali Jinnah. The British proposal for partition of Indian subcontinent had imposed a great burden on Gandhi. His leadership duty would also include defending the rights of Hindus to their lives and to their properties. The dismemberment of British India into two independent nations should not have been agreed upon without demanding the British Viceroy Lord Mountbatten to deploy enough number of troops and make full security arrangements for a peaceful transfer of power. Gandhi as the leader of the Movement must have personally checked and satisfied himself that the British Government had enough resources to protect people. He must have consulted with the Congress Party Working Committee to make arrangements for self-defense in addition to the security measures if any taken by the British rulers. Gandhi had no vested authority or power to concede the demand for India’s Partition. He must have involved all the rank and file of the Congress Party in that decision-making process. In any case, Gandhi must have delayed Independence until arrangements for maintenance of Law and Order were finalized. The tragic consequences of Partition of India fully expose the failure of Gandhi’s leadership. He had utterly failed to visualize the importance of using violent force to defend the Right to Life. Gandhi’s flippant attitude had contributed to the loss of millions of innocent lives.
Mahatma Gandhi or Jawahar Lal Nehru had no vested authority or power to concede the demand for partition of British ruled India. At a minimum, the decision process must have involved the entire rank and file of the Indian National Congress Party.Mohammad Ali Jinnah, Qaid-e-Azam, the great leader of Muslims paved the way for the Partition of British India. What is the human cost for this achievement?The British Indian Empire in 1909. The Rulers and the leaders of the Freedom Movement had failed the people of this ancient Land.India and Pakistan. The Partition of Indian Subcontinent is the worst man-made disaster in the entire human history.A group photo of failed leaders. British Viceroy Lord Mountbatten, Lord Ismay, Nehru, and Jinnah got together in Delhi on August 03, 1947 to announce the agreement for partition of British ruled Indian Empire.In this photo taken at midnight, the early hour of August 15, 1947, the transfer of power from Great Britain to India appears to be very orderly and peaceful. Both sides had failed miserably in their leadership qualities as an unspeakable human tragedy overshadowed this historical moment.Sikh and Hindu refugees flow into the Indian side of Punjab after the partition of British India. This ethnic cleansing of monumental proportions had involved over 14.5 million people moving in opposite directions.A refugee train on its way to Punjab, India. Trains had arrived during the partition time with dead passengers and no survivors.The leaders of Great Britain, India, and Pakistan must be criminally tried for genocide for their rash and reckless behavior that had devastating consequences in terms of human pain and suffering.Nathuram Godse shot and killed Mahatma Gandhi on January 30, 1948. This act of violence has forced me to examine the issue of using violent force in taking life and also as self-Defense.The Assassination of Mahatma Gandhi – This violent act has no purpose but it compels people to evaluate his leadership. The advocate of Nonviolence must have relied upon the use of violent power to defend the lives and properties of defenseless people.A group photo of people accused in Gandhi’s murder case. Standing: Shankar Kistaiya, Gopal Godse (brother of Nathuram Godse, the main accused), Madanlal Pahwa (a refugee, who had earlier agreed to return to Lahore in the company of Gandhi), and Digambar Badge (the approver who had assisted the prosecutor). Sitting: Narayan Apte, Vinayak D Savarkar, Nathuram Godse (the sole attacker), and Vishnu Karkare.Nathuram Godse spent five hours reading out a 90-page treatise justifying his decision to murder Gandhi. Judge Khosla who had presided over the trial mentioned before awarding the death sentence; “If the people sitting in the Court had been on the Jury, they would have acquitted Nathuram.” Godse had believed that Gandhi was the aggressor and Godse had acted to defend defenseless Hindus. Who was the aggressor? Who would take responsibility for the killing of millions of people?The Martyr Column – Gandhi’s assassination site in New Delhi. Who has the duty to defend the defenseless?
If Mahatma Gandhi had advocated the use of violent force to protect people and their properties, he could have saved his own life. Unfortunately, the bullet that had hit Gandhi has forced us to inspect the darker side of his leadership. Self-defense is a Right, it is a Duty, and it does not qualify as violence even when it involves killing the aggressor. I am not opposed to the idea of using nonviolence as a political weapon in the fight for India’s Freedom. The question that I would ask is; What is the idea of Independence if people are not given the opportunity to experience it?
MAY HIS SOUL REST IN PEACE -Rajghat, New Delhi, the site of Gandhi’s cremation. India has a Right to Self-Defense and Indian leadership may have to use force to defend India’s hard-earned Freedom.
The View of Sri Aurobindo Ghosh on Gandhi’s adherence to Non-Violence
Sri Aurobindo has asked us to remember the two sentences of this well-known aphorism: “Ahimsa paramo dharmah; Dharma himsa tathaiva cha”-Non-violence or Ahimsa is the highest principle, and so is Violence or Himsa in defense of the righteous.
The method of absolute non-violence that was followed during the ‘Satyagraha’ movement should be questioned. It led to the breaking of skulls and a great deal of suffering for the freedom fighters. Two questions arise in the context of the use of non-violence: 1. Was it right and healthy for the nation to go through this kind of non-violence? and 2. Does Indian culture and spirituality enjoin this kind of non-violence?
The well-known aphorism states:
“Ahimsa paramo DharmaH;
Dharma himsa tathaiva cha.”
Non-violence or Ahimsa is the highest principle, and so is violence or Himsa in defense of the righteous. Sri Aurobindo had also pointed out that, “Politics is concerned with masses of mankind and not with individuals. To ask masses of mankind to act as saints, to rise to the height of divine love and practice it in relation to their adversaries or oppressors is to ignore human nature. It is to set a premium on injustice and violence by paralyzing the hand of the deliverer when raised to strike. The Gita is the best answer to those who shrink from battle as a sin, and aggression as a lowering of morality.”
Saint Samarth Ramdas and Warrior King Shivaji are the two aspects of the leadership equation.
The sword of the warrior is as necessary to the fulfillment of justice and righteousness as the holiness of the saint. Saint Ramdas is not complete without Shivaji. To maintain justice and prevent the strong from despoiling, and the weak from being oppressed is the function for which the ‘Kshatriya’ was created. “Therefore,” says Sri Krishna in the Bhagavad Gita, “God created battle and Armour, the sword, the bow, and the dagger.”
BHARAT DARSHAN – GANDHI’S RECIPE FOR SELF-DEFENSE: HINDUS MUST ACCEPT DEATH CHEERFULLY WITH A SMILE ON THEIR FACES.
Excerpt: This article explores Gandhi’s views on self-defense and violence, focusing on the contrasts in his stance for Muslims and Hindus. Gandhi made a clear distinction between violence imposed by Muslims, who he believed had the right to use force as part of their religious duty, and that endured by Hindus. He advocated for non-resistance by Hindus even under violent attack. Prominently, Gandhi supported the violent Khilafat Movement against the British and Hindus, advocating Muslim dominance despite backlash from some Congress members. Conversely, he disapproved of figures like Subhash Chandra Bose seeking India’s freedom through force.
Gandhi’s Recipe for Self-Defense: The Shocking Truth about Gandhi. Hindus need no Self-Defense
Gandhi’s Recipe for Self-Defense – The Proof of Pudding is in the Eating:
Gandhi categorically pronounces his views on self-defense and his words need no further clarification. It is very interesting to observe that Gandhi makes distinction between violence imposed by Muslims and the violence that should be endured by Hindus.In Gandhi’s opinion, Muslims have entitlement to their concept of ‘Jihad’ and can use violence, force, or warfare as a religious duty. Hindus are not required to offer any kind of resistance if they happen to come under a violent attack. Gandhi has no problem if an Afghan warlord attacks India to defeat the British Raj and states that Indians must not oppose that kind of military attack. But, Gandhi vigorously opposed people like Subhash Chandra Bose and their quest for Freedom by using force. Gandhi discovers good reasons to condone violence perpetrated by Muslims and consistently counsels Hindus to accept violence with a sense of cheer and rejoice and to adhere to their spiritual belief in Rebirth.
GANDHI’S RECIPE FOR SELF-DEFENSE: GANDHI DENIES HINDUS THE RIGHT TO SELF-DEFENSE. GANDHI CHARACTERIZES SUBHASH CHANDRA BOSE AS A SPOILT CHILD. BOSE HAD NO CHOICE OTHER THAN THAT OF LEAVING CONGRESS TO RAISE AZAD HIND FAUZ, INDIA’S NATIONAL ARMY TO FIGHT THE BRITISH RULE OF INDIA TAKING THE HELP FROM AXIS POWERS, GERMANY, AND JAPAN.
I received Gandhi’s pronouncements from Shri. Hari Kak. I give my thanks to him for sharing this information about Gandhi and his role as a leader.
To remember Gandhi on his birth anniversary (born. October 02, 1869, died. January 30, 1948 ), the followers of his views and way of life, may like to read the extent to which he tried to take the Muslims along with him to formulate his leadership role in India’s Independence Movement.
THE KHILAFAT MOVEMENT:
Gandhi’s Recipe for Self-Defense: Gandhi supports the use of violence by Khilafat Movement against the British as well as Hindus.
Gandhi returned to India during 1914 with a determination to fight for India’s Independence. With his experience in South Africa, and as a shrewd observer of the ongoing independence movement, he realised that it was Hindu dominated and to make it a success the full participation of the Muslims was essential. To achieve this aim he bent over backwards to appease Muslims and during the last days of his life his efforts went to inexplicable lengths. The Ottoman Caliphate in Turkey was tottering under the French-British attacks and ended with Mustafa Kamal abolishing the institution. But, strangely in India, the Muslims under the leadership of brothers Maulana Mohammed Ali, a cleric and journalist and Maulana Shaukat Ali started the Khilafat Movement. Around 1920, Gandhi joined it along with Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad, an eminent Congressman.
Gandhi’s Recipe for Self-Defense: Congress leaders Gandhi, Nehru, and Maulana Abdul Kalam Azad join the KHILAFAT Movement in 1920
Dr. B R Ambedkar in his voluminous tome ” Pakistan or The Partition of” refers to an invitation extended by the Ali brothers,to the Amir of Afghanistan to invade India to wage “jihad” against the British – a horrendous proposition which was supported by Khilafat-besotted Gandhi. C.Y. Chintamani (Editor of ‘The Leader’ of Allahabad) and Rev. C.F. Andrews tried to dissuade Gandhi from supporting the “mad” venture of Ali brothers in seeking Afghan invasion of India. Gandhi’s reaction was “I cannot understand why the Ali Brothers are going to be arrested as the rumours go, and why I am to remain free. They have done nothing which I would not do. If they had sent a message to Amir, I also would send one to inform the Amir that if he came, no Indian so long as I can help it would help the Government to drive him back.” There was some non-cooperation and protests but by the end of 1924, the Khilafat Movement, as expected, had totally collapsed. Ali brothers blamed Gandhi for the failure of the Khilafat Movement. Maulana Mohammed Ali to whom Gandhi had shown great affection said, : “However pure Mr. Gandhi’s character may be, he must appear to me, from the point of religion, inferior to any Mussalman even though he be without character.” He further emphasizes: “Yes, according to my religion and creed, I do hold an adulterous and a fallen Mussalman to be better than Mr Gandhi.” Showing their true colours,the Ali brothers later joined the Muslim League.
THE MOPLAH REBELLION OF 1921:
Gandhi’s Recipe for Self-Defense: The Moplah Hindu Genocide of 1921
Taking a clue from the Khalifat movement the Moplahs (Mopillas) in Kerala revolted in 1921, against their Hindu landlords and turned it into a killing spree of Hindus of all vocations. Annie Besant states: “They (Moplahs) murdered and plundered abundantly, and killed or drove away all Hindus who would not apostatise. Somewhere about a lakh (100,000) of people were driven from their homes with nothing but their clothes they had on, stripped of everything. Malabar has taught us what Islamic rule still means, and we do not want to see another specimen of the Khilafat Raj in India.”
As pointed out by Dr. Ambedkar , after the brutal killings of “Kaffirs” during ‘Moplah rebellion’, there was hardly any reaction by Khalifat-oriented Gandhi, or for that matter even Congress Party. They were all praise for Moplahs whom Gandhi even described as “brave people” and condoned their savagery by saying that “they did what was right according to their religion.” These were the early years of Gandhi’s leadership role in India’s Freedom Movement.
GANDHI’S VIEWS ON PARTITION RELATED VIOLENCE OF INDIA: HINDUS MUST DIE WITH A SMILE ON THEIR FACES
Some of his views on partition are listed below. They defy comprehension:
Prarthana-Pravachan Part I PP 54-8; CWOMG vol 87 pg 394-5 Speech at Prayer Meeting. New Delhi, May 1, 1947 ….Jinnah Saheb presides over a great organisation. Once he has Affixed his signature to the appeal, how can even one Hindu be killed at the hands of the Muslims? I would tell the Hindus to face death Cheerfully if the Muslims are out to kill them. I would be a real Sinner if after being stabbed I wished in my last moment that my son Should seek revenge. I must die without rancour. But why in the First place would a Muslim kill at all when he has been asked not to do it?….. You may turn round and ask whether all Hindus and all Sikhs should die. Yes, I would say. Such martyrdom will not be in vain….. Muslim slaughter of Hindus was defended by the Mahatma as being that by a “brave and god-fearing people who were fighting for what they consider as religion, and in a manner which they consider as religion” (BR Ambedkar, quoted by Arvind Lavakare). Indeed, the Mahatma said, “Hindus should never be angry against the Muslims even if the latter might make up their minds to undo even their existence” and Hindus “should not be afraid of death. After all, the killers will be none other than our Muslim brothers.” Kindly read the news story at rediff.com, April 16, 2002 (Arvind Lavakare, “Of Sabarmati secularism & non-violence”)
Bharat Darshan – The Experience of Pain, Humiliation, and Loss of Face is Predestined The Rudolf-Rudi Connection explores the doctrine of predestination on September 22
Yes Indeed, Life is Complicated. Willingly no one chooses the Yoke of Slavery. The complexity of Life is about the choices we make. Sometimes, the pursuit of Freedom can come with the trappings of Slavery. The Rudolf-Rudi Connection explores the doctrine of Predestination to account for the living experience of pain, humiliation, and loss of face by the Yoke of Slavery
My Living Experience of Pain, Humiliation, and Loss of Face is Predestined. On September 22, I explore the role of my Birth Star Moola, Sagittarius Constellation in the operation of the mechanisms of Predestination.My Living Experience of Pain, Humiliation, and Loss of Face is Predestined. On September 22, I explore the role of my Birth Star Moola, Sagittarius Constellation in the operation of the mechanisms of Predestination.My Living Experience of Pain, Humiliation, and Loss of Face is Predestined. On September 22, I explore the role of my Birth Star Moola, Sagittarius Constellation in the operation of the mechanisms of Predestination.My Living Experience of Pain, Humiliation, and Loss of Face is Predestined. On September 22, I explore the role of my Birth Star Moola, Sagittarius Constellation in the operation of the mechanisms of Predestination.My Living Experience of Pain, Humiliation, and Loss of Face is Predestined. On September 22, I explore the role of my Birth Star Moola, Sagittarius Constellation in the operation of the mechanisms of Predestination.The Rudolf-Rudi Connection explores the doctrine of predestination on September 22 September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery
Simon Cyrene was predestined to bear the burden of the Cross and follow Jesus Christ on His final journey at the conclusion of His earthly mission to deliver Peace and Freedom to the mankind.
September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. BEHOLD THE MAN. “TAKE MY YOKE UPON YOU….FOR MY YOKE IS EASY AND MY BURDEN IS LIGHT.” BOOK OF MATTHEW 11:28-30.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Dream for Freedom transforms into an ordeal of Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.
On September 22, 1971, I was Taken on Strength (TOS) of Establishment No. 22, Vikas Regiment, Special Frontier Force, a military organization created in response to The Cold War in Asia.
On Friday, September 22, 2023, I live in Ann Arbor, Michigan to welcome the first day of Fall Season. Today, I claim that my Dream for Freedom in Occupied Tibet got transformed into an ordeal of Slavery in a nation which abolished Slavery with a presidential proclamation on September 22.
On September 22, 1971, I had the freedom to reject my posting to Establishment No. 22. I was given the choice to choose or decline rendering military service in support of Freedom in Occupied Tibet.
The choice to serve in Establishment No. 22 comes with risks for its military mission differs from the military mission of the Indian Army which I joined to defend India from attacks by foreign aggressors.
The Rudolf-Rudi Connection explores the doctrine of predestination on September 22
It may appear that I am making my own choices in accepting calculated risks to my life. On Friday, September 22, 2023, I am still struggling to reconcile with the choices I made in the past. Now, I must reconcile with the reality of my Slavery while living in a country which sponsored my quest for Freedom in Occupied Tibet.
The Rudolf-Rudi Connection explores the doctrine of predestination on September 22
On Friday, September 22, 2023, I have no hope that I may arrive at the final destination of my life at the conclusion of my earthly existence. Chakrata in Uttarakhand, India represents the struggle ahead, a struggle waiting for me before I can arrive at the final destination of my life. Jesus Christ cannot set me free for the Yoke of Slavery is predestined.
September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.
September 22. This Day in History. What Happened on this Day?
The Rudolf-Rudi Connection explores the doctrine of predestination on September 22 . The Emancipation Proclamation of President Abraham Lincoln has failed to abolish the practice of Slavery, Involuntary Servitude, and Forced Labor. These practices got resurrected and are introduced into the Union territory by the secular laws enacted by the US Congress which violate the Principle of Equal Protection under Law.
On this day in 1862, President Abraham Lincoln issues a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, which sets a date for the freedom of more than 3 million black slaves in the United States and recasts the Civil War as a fight against slavery.
When the Civil War broke out in 1861, shortly after Lincoln’s inauguration as America’s 16th president, he maintained that the war was about restoring the Union and not about slavery. He avoided issuing an anti-slavery proclamation immediately, despite the urgings of abolitionists and radical Republicans, as well as his personal belief that slavery was morally repugnant. Instead, Lincoln chose to move cautiously until he could gain wide support from the public for such a measure.
WholeDude-WholeSlave: Emancipation Proclamation by President Abraham Lincoln during September 1862. United States has officially abolished the practice of slavery and has now institutionalized the practice of Servitude and the Union has transformed from a ‘Free State’ into a ‘Slave State.’
In July 1862, Lincoln informed his cabinet that he would issue an emancipation proclamation but that it would exempt the so-called border states, which had slaveholders but remained loyal to the Union. His cabinet persuaded him not to make the announcement until after a Union victory. Lincoln’s opportunity came following the Union win at the Battle of Antietam in September 1862. On September 22, the president announced that slaves in areas still in rebellion within 100 days would be free.
On January 1, 1863, Lincoln issued the final Emancipation Proclamation, which declared “that all persons held as slaves” within the rebel states “are, and henceforward shall be free.” The proclamation also called for the recruitment and establishment of black military units among the Union forces. An estimated 180,000 African-Americans went on to serve in the army, while another 18,000 served in the navy.
After the Emancipation Proclamation, backing the Confederacy was seen as favoring slavery. It became impossible for anti-slavery nations such as Great Britain and France, who had been friendly to the Confederacy, to get involved on behalf of the South. The proclamation also unified and strengthened Lincoln’s party, the Republicans, helping them stay in power for the next two decades.
The proclamation was a presidential order and not a law passed by Congress, so Lincoln then pushed for an antislavery amendment to the U.S. Constitution to ensure its permanence. With the passage of the 13th Amendment in 1865, slavery was eliminated throughout America (although blacks would face another century of struggle before they truly began to gain equal rights).
Lincoln’s handwritten draft of the final Emancipation Proclamation was destroyed in the Chicago Fire of 1871. Today, the original official version of the document is housed in the National Archives in Washington, D.C.
FRIDAY, SEPTEMBER 22, 2023. MY PASSION FOR FREEDOM IN OCCUPIED TIBET WHICH BEGAN AT CHAKRATA DOES NOT RECONCILE WITH MY SLAVERY OF TODAY. THE SCENIC BEAUTY OF CHAKRATA PLAYED NO ROLE IN THE CHOICE I MADE ON SEPTEMBER 22, 1971.
The Rudolf-Rudi Connection explores the doctrine of predestination on September 22
Chakrata is not the final destination of my life. It is just the beginning of a struggle that remains ahead, both in terms of time and location.
September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond. September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond. September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond. September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery . My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond. September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond. September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond. September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond. September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. My Quest for Freedom Traps me in Slavery. My Journey to Chakrata and Beyond.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery.September 22–This Day in History–The Journey of Simon Cyrene from Freedom to the Yoke of Slavery. The never ending ordeal of Simon Cyrene.The Rudolf-Rudi Connection explores the doctrine of Predestination on September 22
Whole Dude - Whole Spirituality 