SPIRITUALISM AND IDENTITY – THE CONFLICT AT KURNOOL MEDICAL COLLEGE

Posted on September 5, 2012 by Bhavanajagat

SPIRITUALISM AND IDENTITY – THE CONFLICT AT KURNOOL MEDICAL COLLEGE :

SPIRITUALISM AND IDENTITY – THE CONFLICT AT KURNOOL MEDICAL COLLEGE: At Kurnool Medical College I learned about Man’s External and Internal Identity by studying Human Anatomy and Human Physiology. The Identity of Man as described by the Medical Sciences is different from the Identity of Man as described by Human Culture. This difference in Human Perception generates Social Conflict, Social Unrest, and Violence within the Social Community. To find Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility, Man must learn to find his True or Real Identity. Students entering a Medical School must acquire the ability to know and understand the “true” or “real” man if the Purpose of Medical Learning is that of Service to Humanity.

In Anthropology, Culture is described as the way of life of a human society transmitted from one generation to the next. Culture basically involves acquisition of Identity using identification tools such as the use of social affiliation resulting from association with the place of birth, locality of primary residence, birth caste, mother tongue, religion, food, social occupation, and others. Even among people who may belong to the same race or ethnic stock, social groups or social associations are created depending upon the nature of identification tool that is used. Very often, the Identity of a person is described in a manner to exclude that specific person from harmonious social interactions with members present in that social community. Identity is used as a weapon to separate people into social groups and this separation or lack of unity is the cause for social conflicts, social unrest, and violence in the community. For example, my birthplace identity is that of MYLAPORE, MADRAS CITY, or Chennai; but, at the same time I have also acquired the birth identity that describes me as a Telugu-Speaking person. I may claim Madras or Chennai as my birthplace, but I am not entitled to an identity called “Tamilian” as that identity is associated with a specific language called Tamil. Among Telugu-Speaking people, there are various other identities depending upon a person’s place or locality of primary residence. A Telugu-Speaking person may have any of the three identities; 1. Coastal Andhra, 2. Rayalaseema, and 3. Telangana. The tool that we use to describe our physical or external Identity in the material World is the source of Conflict, Unrest, and Violence.

SPIRITUALISM AND IDENTITY – THE CONFLICT AT KURNOOL MEDICAL COLLEGE : Amarajeevi Potti Sreeramulu fasted unto death demanding the separation of MADRAS State on a linguistic basis and the result was the creation of the State of Andhra during 1953 and later the State of Andhra Pradesh during 1956. Kurnool City was chosen as the Capital City of the State of Andhra and Kurnool Medical College came into existence during 1956. Could this Medical College resolve the problems associated with Telugu Identity???

Spiritualism and Identity – The Conflict at Kurnool Medical College : The Identity called ‘VISHALA ANDHRA’ or ‘ANDHRA PRADESH’ – My life’s journey began in Mylapore,Madras while Telugus and Tamils lived together in a composite State. I was a student of Danavaipeta Municipal High School,Rajahmundry,East Godavari District(S.S.L.C. March 1961); a student of Government Giriraj Arts College,Nizamabad,Nizamabad District( Pre-University and 3-year B.Sc, April 1965);a student of Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Kurnool District(M.B.B.S. April, 1970).My father had served in Presidency College,Madras,Victoria College,Palghat,Government Arts College,Rajahmundry, Srikakulam, Giriraj College,Nizamabad, Nagarjuna Arts College, Nalgonda, and B.Ed College, Warangal and other places.I got married in Cuddapah and served in Secunderabad Cantonment during my military service. I had lived my life in the composite State of Madras, and the three regions of Andhra Pradesh and in the two Capital cities of Kurnool and Hyderabad. What is my Identity? If you are a Student at Kurnool Medical College, How would you know my Identity???

I had joined Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool City, Kurnool District of the State of Andhra Pradesh during November 1965. I had arrived at Kurnool from Osmania University, Hyderabad where I was a student enrolled for a Master’s Degree(initially in Botany and later changed to Chemistry). I had obtained a Bachelor of Science degree after obtaining four years of college education at Government Giriraj Arts College( also known as Giriraj Government Degree College), Nizamabad, Nizamabad District, Andhra Pradesh. However, this educational experience had no role in the selection of my Regional Identity. I was allowed to use my educational qualification that I had acquired in the Telangana Region of Andhra Pradesh, and I was permitted to enroll in a Medical School located in Rayalaseema Region of Andhra Pradesh based upon the determination that I am a native of the City of Rajahmundry, East Godavari District, the Coastal Andhra Region of Andhra Pradesh. The State and the people of Andhra Pradesh have the freedom to determine and to describe my physical Identity as they like, but the question still remains; “What is my True or Real Identity???”

THE EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL REALITY OF MAN – THE IDENTITY OF MAN :

SPIRITUALISM AND IDENTITY – THE CONFLICT AT KURNOOL MEDICAL COLLEGE : The Vitruvian Man c. 1492 by Leonardo da Vinci shows the two aspects of Man; 1. A Resting Phase, and 2. A Dynamic or Active Phase. For the first time in my life, I saw this image of the Vitruvian Man on the Cover page of the text book of Human Physiology( Best & Taylor ) during 1965 when I had joined Kurnool Medical College.

Dr. Daniel John Cunningham( 1850-1909 ), Chair of Anatomy, University of Cambridge has provided this Manual of Practical Anatomy to help medical students dissect human cadavers and learn Human Anatomy. Whether humans know and understand Human Anatomy and Physiology or not, they come into existence with full functional knowledge of every constituent cell in the body. The Human Body has Innate Knowledge of its own Structure and Function. I had acquired this Knowledge from Uneducated individuals who had gifted their bodies to promote Medical Education. This is the learning tool that I would use to know and understand the External and Internal Reality and Identity of Man as described by Cells, Tissues, and Organ Systems that constitute the human organism.

If man is viewed as a multicellular organism comprising of trillions of independent, and individual living cells, we need to know as to who or what is the Subject who lives because of the functions of these trillions of cells. The External Reality of Man involves the understanding of his physical Identity in the External World, and it describes the person in terms of his Name, Gender, Race, Ethnicity, Language, Religion, Nationality, Education, Social Occupation, Social Status or Ranking, Caste, Anthropometric measurements, and Biometric Information. This External Reality and Identity has a degree of correspondence in the External World and is often confirmed by others. But, this Identity that is derived from the morphological appearance and other factors is subject to change either under the influence of Time or Place. Hence, we will be forced to examine the Internal Reality of Man and verify his Internal Identity which is related to the Individuality of the Subject. For Man to exist as an Individual in this External World, Man needs the support of his unchanging Individuality, and the nature of this Individuality is known to the cells, tissues, and organ systems that constitute the human organism. I would ask all of my readers and specially the medical students to recognize the fact that a Man’s cells, tissues, and organ systems that live and function to support the biological existence of Man do not recognize the Identity of that Man in terms of his birthplace, birth Caste, mother tongue, religion, or a geographical region. Human existence has a fundamental secular basis and hence we are able to use our medical knowledge to render medical service to all Men without the distinction based upon Race, Ethnicity, Religion, Language, or Region. It should be easy to seek a National Identity and National Individuality and participate in global affairs as equals with a sense of Pride, Dignity, and Honour. At Kurnool Medical College, the study of Human Anatomy and Human Physiology have helped me to learn about the structural and functional integration of body, and mind and I describe this integration as a Spiritual function.

“PEACE IS ATTAINABLE” – THE QUEST FOR SPIRITUALISM :

Spiritualism and Identity – The Conflict at Kurnool Medical College : The LIONS CLUBS INTERNATIONAL is the largest of all Service Club Organizations and has members in some 150 countries. It was founded in 1917 to foster a Spirit of “generous consideration” among peoples of the world and to promote good government, good citizenship, and an active interest in civic, social, commercial, and moral welfare. Lions’ activities include several community welfare projects that encourage youth participation.

The ideas about Spiritualism and Spirituality are motivated by a desire to find Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility in the living human experience. During 1965-66 I was studying Human Anatomy, Human Physiology, Medical Biochemistry, and Physics( in preparation for First M.B.B.S. Part- III Examination to be held in March/April 1967 ). Lions Club International of Nalgonda City, Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh had invited me to submit an essay on the subject of “PEACE IS ATTAINABLE” to participate in an international essay-writing competition to promote the understanding of the concept of ‘peace’ among young students. This essay was also published in the College Magazine(1966) published by the KMC Students Association. In my opinion that I had shared at that time, I had expressed the hope that Peace is attainable if man is willing to transform himself to discover “inner peace and tranquility” and reflects it in his formulation of social interactions and social relationships. Peace is not a condition, and it is not a state describing the absence of warfare among national entities. Peace has to experienced by each individual as a personal, living experience. This Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility cannot be imposed upon others. It is accomplished through transformation within the individual and has to be attained at individual level. At the same time, the student community at Kurnool Medical College was agitated about the allocation of central resources for regional economic development of the country. The burning issue was that of locating a Steel Mill or Factory in the coastal city of Visakhapatnam of Andhra Pradesh. The students went on a strike, stopped attending classes and participated in events aimed at disrupting train transportation services. This agitation demonstrated a conflict between National interests and Regional interests. I had some concerns about the direction of this agitation. I had the feeling that Nation has to move forward on the basis of defining National Priorities. Regional Priorities and Regional aspirations for growth and development must be revealed by a National Plan as both kinds of Priorities have to be consistent and seek the same objective called National Prosperity. During 1966, Srimati. Indira Gandhi became the third Prime Minister of India and I felt encouraged that she would promote Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility in the lives of Indian people. In my view, she had represented a National Identity that transcends the Identity derived from Region, Religion, or Language, the types of Identity that divide people from each other and cause social unrest.

THE NATIONAL STUDENT SEMINAR ON NATIONAL INTEGRATION :

SPIRITUALISM AND IDENTITY – THE CONFLICT AT KURNOOL MEDICAL COLLEGE : During 1967, Vishwa Yuvak Kendra, International Youth Centre based in Chanakyapuri, New Delhi had sponsored a four-week long National Student Seminar on National Integration. The participation in this Seminar as a student delegate representing the State of Andhra Pradesh gave me an opportunity to develop National Identity and National Individuality. This desire to acquire National Identity and National Individuality defines the nature of Social Conflict at Kurnool Medical College. The Conflict that began at Kurnool has eventually driven me out of India.

While I was at Kurnool Medical College, during June 1967, just before joining the classes in preparation for Second M.B.B.S. Part – I examination in Pharmacology( to be held in April, 1968), I had the opportunity to represent the State of Andhra Pradesh as a student delegate at the four-week long National Student Seminar on National Integration. This event was sponsored by Vishwa Yuvak Kendra, International Youth Centre based in Chanakyapuri, New Delhi. The selection of student delegates was based upon essays submitted by the students to state their views on the subject of promoting National Unity and National Integration. The essay I had submitted was also published in the College Magazine(1967). I had recognized the problems associated with the social, linguistic, and other cultural traditions of the various regions of India. These traditions have been separating people from each other and are causing divisions among Indian Society. For example, the social tradition called Caste can bring a group of people together and at the same time divide the entire Social community into various Caste designated social compartments. In the elections conducted for choosing officials for the student governing body at Kurnool Medical College, during 1967, all the students that belonged to the “REDDY” Caste community were eliminated in the contest for the posts both at the College and the Men’s Hostel. To address this problem of Caste-driven Social Identity, I had recommended that students must formulate marital social relationships ignoring factors like religion, language, region, and birth caste. However, it must be noted that I have not intended to impose this remedy or solution upon others. I was only stating that each individual can choose for himself his own Identity and express it in his actions and behavior. During 1967, students of Kurnool Medical College were also alarmed about the Official Language Policy and feared that the Central Government may impose the use of Hindi language across the entire country and thus limit the job-opportunities that are available to students who are not native Hindi speakers. Students went on a strike to oppose this Language Policy and classes were suspended for a few weeks. In that context, it became clear that the need for National Unity and National Integration demands an ability to overcome the Language barrier. At the same time, the Telugu-speaking student community of Kurnool Medical College were divided into three camps based upon the place of their primary residence.

NATIONAL IDENTITY vs REGIONAL IDENTITY – THE CONTEST AT KURNOOL MEDICAL COLLEGE :

SPIRITUALISM AND IDENTITY – THE CONFLICT AT KURNOOL MEDICAL COLLEGE : Kurnool Government General Hospital, Kurnool. Kurnool Medical College prepares medical students to provide health care services at various hospitals and medical institutions. The contest for the position of General Secretary of the Student Governing Body/Association that was held during 1968 was defined by me in terms of discarding Regional Identity and to develop National identity and National Individuality.

During 1968 while preparing for Second M.B.B.S. Part – II examination( to be held during April, 1969 ) in Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Pathology and Bacteriology, I had participated in the election for the selection of General Secretary of the Student Governing Body/Association of Kurnool Medical College. I had asked the students not to give attention to my Regional Identity, the Identity called “Coastal Andhra” which was the Identity given to me at the time of my admission into Kurnool Medical College. I was defeated in the election by a narrow margin of seven votes and this loss was because of the financial inability of some of the students who had not paid the membership dues and were disqualified from voting in this election. However, it was a defeat and I had failed in my simple mission to bring the student community together on the issue of Regional Unity. I have recognized that as an Individual, I can choose to describe my Identity in terms that I know and understand. My failure in the College election did not wipe out my ability to transform myself.

SPIRITUAL NATIONALISM vs CULTURAL NATIONALISM – THE CONFLICT AT KURNOOL MEDICAL COLLEGE :

SPIRITUALISM AND IDENTITY – THE CONFLICT AT KURNOOL MEDICAL COLLEGE : Dr. Sripada Pinakapani, M.D. had served as the Professor of Medicine since 17May 1954 and had arrived at Kurnool Medical College/Government General Hospital during January 1957. He was the Superintendent of Kurnool Government General Hospital when he retired from service during August 1968. He is a great cultural icon and is nationally recognized by the award of “PADMA BHUSHAN” for his distinguished services in promotion of Indian Music called Carnatic Music. This Professor of Medicine had opposed my recommendation of developing National Identity and National Individuality that may discard the Caste Identity. The Social Conflict that resulted from his opposition has eventually driven me out of India, the Nation-State that I had wanted to serve and defend. He had refused to give his blessings and did not seek Success for my modest, and humble craving to serve the country by joining the Indian Army Medical Corps.

During 1969 while I was preparing for Final M.B.B.S. Part – I examination(November/December 1969) in Ophthalmology and E.N.T. Diseases, and Social and Preventive Medicine, I had the opportunity to obtain the grant of Short Service Regular Commission to serve in the Indian Army Medical Corps and was given the rank of Second Lieutenant during September 1969. In the interview that was officiated by Dr. D. Bhasker Reddy, M.D., the Principal and Professor of Pathology of Kurnool Medical College, two students got selected but the second student had opted not to join the military service. I had finished the Final M.B.B.S. Part – II examination in General Medicine, Surgery, Obstetrics and Gynaecology during April 1970. During June 1970, prior to my departure to Lucknow to report for training at AMC CENTRE and Officers Training School, I had visited the residence of Dr. Sripada Pinakapani, M.D. at his own initiative and an invitation that was sent to me through my paternal uncle, Dr. R. Anjaneyulu, M.D., the Emeritus Professor of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, B.J. Medical College and Sassoon Hospitals, Pune who had come to Kurnool Medical College and Government General Hospital as an external examiner in a post-graduate degree examination. We went together to give our respects to Dr. Pinakapani who had obtained his M.B.B.S., and M.D. degrees from Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam and my uncle had also obtained his medical degrees from the same institution. Dr. Pinakapani in the past had worked in Madras Medical College while my maternal grandfather( Dr. Kasturi. Narayana Murthy, M.D. ) worked as the Professor of Medicine. However, I was not invited to his residence because of my family connections. Dr. Pinakapani had specifically invited me to his residence to express his sense of dissatisfaction, resentment, and anger for I was planning to formulate a marital social relationship with another medical student at Kurnool Medical College and the mistake that I made in this choice was about her birth caste and religion. He was offended and I could easily understand his sentiment and the reason for the pain that I had caused. However, I could not understand his reason for withholding his blessings for success in my Army Service with which I have desired to serve and defend my country. His contribution to classical Indian Music is great. In my view, such Indian Cultural Traditions have totally failed to generate Unity among Indian people. India needs people who would serve the Nation putting their lives at risk. When I met Dr. Pinakapani at his residence, I wanted that he must acknowledge the fact that I was selected for the grant of Short Service Regular Commission in Indian Army and was allowed to state my Rank as that of a Second Lieutenant. His concern about my Caste Identity should not prevent him from attaching a sense of value and purpose to the needs of India, a Nation-State. His Music could be very entertaining but it would be of no use to defend the country from its enemies. My story would reveal that the path towards Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility is neither easy, nor simple. The path is riddled with conflicts. The conflict that I had experienced at the residence of Dr. Pinakapani, M.D., in Kurnool has followed me during my Indian Army Service. The Social Conflict, the conflict that I define as a conflict between Spiritual Nationalism and Cultural Nationalism had eventually driven me out of Indian Army and India during January 1984, the same year when Dr. Pinakapani had received the National Award of Padma Bhushan. For I have chosen to define my Indian Identity and Indian Individuality, I was not able to find Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility while living among Indian people on Indian soil. I define Spiritualism as an internally beneficial partnership between the cells, the tissues and the organ systems of the human organism and the Whole Organism that represents it as Human Individual. Nationalism involves a state of mind in which the individual feels that everyone owes his supreme secular loyalty to the Nation-State. The Spirit of Nationalism demands a shift in the focus of allegiance. The individual has to change his loyalty and break his sense of attachment to his local, or regional social and cultural traditions that could be based upon language, religion, caste, and place of primary residence. Indian Nationalism when derived from India’s cultural and social traditions has utterly failed to defend India from foreign conquests, and foreign occupation. I would invite Dr. Sripada Pinakapani, M.D., and all others at Kurnool Medical College and Kurnool Government General Hospital to give their prescription to defend National Unity and to promote National Integration to resolve the Social Conflicts that we are facing in the State of Andhra Pradesh and in the rest of the country.

Dr. R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India,

M.B.B.S. Class of April, 1970.

Biographical Information :

1. Place of Birth : MYLAPORE, Madras City, Chennai, Chenna Patnam, Madras State, Tamil Nadu, India. Born Hindu( Brahmin, Niyogi, Smartha ), Telugu-Speaking.

2. Date and Place of Marriage : January 29, 1973. Congregational Town Church, Cuddapah City, Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

http://BhavanaJagat.com/2012/08/15/Spiritualism-Nationalism-The-Land-of-India/

http://Bhavanajagat.com/2010/04/06/Indira-Gandhi-A-Flame-That-Got-Extinguished/

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SPIRITUALISM – THE PAST IS NEVER DEAD

Posted on July 18, 2012 by Bhavanajagat

SPIRITUALISM – OPERATION EAGLE - THE PAST IS NEVER DEAD :

GOLDEN EAGLE-OPERATION EAGLE-SPIRITUALISM-THE PAST IS NEVER DEAD: THE SPIRITUAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN MYSELF AND THE MEN WHO PARTICIPATED IN OPERATION EAGLE IS NOT DEAD. THE SPIRITS LIVE IN MY CONSCIOUSNESS.

The term ‘Spiritual’ describes the nature of a relationship, a partnership, an association, a connection, or bonding between two or more living entities based upon thoughts or feelings of sympathy and understanding. When I had participated in the military action called ‘Operation Eagle’ that initiated the Liberation of Bangladesh in the Chittagong Hill Tracts during 1971, I had formulated a spiritual relationship with the men of my Unit. I have described ‘Spiritualism’ as the relation between a changing object and its unchanging spiritual nature. Operation Eagle is a past event but because of the unchanging nature of the spiritual relationship, I have to claim: “The past is never dead and it’s not even past.”( Nobel Laureate William Faulkner )

I am happy to speak about the kind support extended by Dr. B. V. Ramarao, PhD, IRSE(Retd) to seek recognition for my participation in Operation Eagle and I am happy to publish this letter he had submitted to Dr. M. M. Pallam Raju, Honourable Union Minister of State for Defence, Raksha Rajya Mantri, Government of India:

DR. MALLIPUDI MANGAPATHI PALLAM RAJU, UNION MINISTER OF STATE FOR DEFENCE, RAKSHA RAJYA MANTRI, 108-B, SOUTH BLOCK, MINISTRY OF DEFENCE, GOVERNMENT OF INDIA, NEW DELHI: OPERATION EAGLE – THE PAST IS NEVER DEAD.

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – OPERATION EAGLE -GALLANTRY AWARD:

RESPECTED Dr. M M PALLAM RAJU garu,

I had written to you in the past about the need to suitably honour
Dr. R. Rudra Narasimham, of Army Medical Corps, who did
exemplary work beyond the call of duty in the Bangla Desh War in
1971, called OPERATION EAGLE, directly handled at that time by
late Prime Minister, Smt. INDIRA GANDHI.

PETITION REFERENCE: case: CABST/E/2012/00154

A brief summary is as follows:

1. Dr. R. Rudra Narasimham, had served in the Special Frontier Force from 22nd September 1971 to 18th December 1974. He was posted to Headquarters Establishment Number. 22 C/O 56 APO as Medical Officer. He served under the Command of Brigadier T S Oberoi. Under a Battle Operation Plan called Operation Eagle sanctioned and approved by the Prime Minister of India and her Cabinet Secretariat, he was posted to the South Column Unit of Operation Eagle under the Command of Lieutenant Colonel B K Narayan.

2. During 1971, Operation Eagle initiated the Liberation of Bangladesh with military action in the Chittagong Hill Tracts. In a written statement, his South Column Unit Commander Lieutenant Colonel B K Narayan had stated that this doctor had displayed a great sense of devotion to duty, maturity, physical toughness, and bravery beyond call of duty during Operation Eagle for which he had recommended the doctor for a gallantry award. In his Annual Confidential Report(Officers) for the year 1971-72, Lieutenant Colonel B K Narayan had written: “A very conscientious and Tough MO who worked hard during the Bangladesh Ops. He did very well and showed Maturity, which was beyond the call of duty. I have recommended this Officer for a gallantry award for which he deserves eminently. He is physically tough and cheerful. Is a fresh entrant with less than 2 years of Service and yet he displayed capability and confidence.” This written Annual Confidential Report(Officers) was forwarded by the Office of Inspector General Special Frontier Force to Military Secretary’s Branch(Army), MS 4(CR), MoD on 13th May 1972.

3. The citation for gallantry award initiated by Lieutenant Colonel B K Narayan was duly reviewed and recommended by Brigadier T S Oberoi and Major General Sujan Singh Uban, Inspector General, Special Frontier Force. This citation recommending the gallantry award was sent to the Medical Directorate, Medical Branch, Adjutant General’s Branch, Army Headquarters. The Director of Medical Services(Army), MoD did not take any further action to obtain the sanction for the recommended award. It is not known as to why the Director of Medical Services(Army) has not forwarded the citation to the Military Secretary’s Branch(Army) MoD. As such it seems that the Medical Branch had blocked or prevented the sanction of gallantry award.

4. In a written testimonial given by Lieutenant General T S Oberoi PVSM VrC, General Officer in Commanding-in-Chief, Headquarters Southern Command, Pune – 411001, dated 14th February 1983, General Oberoi had stated that this doctor deserves befitting recognition for the Service he had rendered to the Nation during the time of a national crisis. The Southern Army Commander had categorically stated that the doctor was recommended for a gallantry award for display of gallant qualities in the face of the enemy.

5. The Prime Minister of India and her Cabinet Secretariat have established the eligibility criteria for grant of Service Medals, Decorations, and Awards to the participants of Operation Eagle 1971-72. This doctor is eligible to receive the gallantry award that was duly recommended by his South Column Unit Commander Lieutenant Colonel B K Narayan, and it was duly reviewed and recommended by Force Commander Brigadier T S Oberoi and approved by Major General Sujan Singh Uban, Inspector General Special Frontier Force.

6. To serve the purpose of Justice and Fairness, I would ask that this doctor should be given the gallantry award that was duly recommended following the rules and procedures established by the Prime Minister of India for her Battle Plan of Operation Eagle.

7. Particulars of the above Officer are as follows:

Dr. R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,
Ex- Number. MS-8466 Rank Lieutenant/Captain AMC/SSC,
Medical Officer, South Column, Operation Eagle(1971-72),
Ex- Number. MR-03277K Rank Captain/Major AMC/DPC
Medical Officer, Headquarters Establishment No. 22 C/O 56 APO(1971-74),
Directorate General of Security,
Office of Inspector General Special Frontier Force,
East Block V, Level IV, R. K. Puram,
New Delhi – 110 022
http://bhavanajagat.com/

Thanking You,

(Sd. BVRR)

Yours Faithfully,

B V Ramarao, PhD, IRSE (Retd.),
Retired GM (Railways),
10, Prince Apartments, Balaji Nagar,
VISAKHAPATNAM – 530 003
Tel. (0891) 2755691,
eMail: rbodapati
Dated 29 June 2012

Biographical Information:

R. Rudra Narasimham, Son of Shri. R. Suryanarayana Murthy, 13-92, First Cross Road, Prakasam Nagar, Rajahmundry, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Student of Danavaipeta Municipal/Corporation High School, Rajahmundry( S. S. L. C. - MARCH/APRIL, 1961.

1. Place of Birth: Mylapore, Madras City, Chenna Patnam, Chennai, Madras State, Tamil Nadu, India. Born Hindu(Brahmin, Niyogi, Smartha), Telugu-Speaking.

2. Date and Place of Marriage: January 29, 1973. Town Congregational Church, Cuddapah, Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Operation Eagle – Honours and Awards Representation (bhavanajagat.com)
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A SPECIAL REQUEST TO U.S. CITIZENS OF REBBAPRAGADAS GROUP: DEFERRED ACTION

Posted on June 19, 2012 by Bhavanajagat

: Official photographic portrait of US President Barack Obama (born 4 August 1961; assumed office 20 January 2009) (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

A SPECIAL REQUEST TO U.S. CITIZENS AND ALL OTHER READERS: “DEFERRED ACTION” TO PERMIT YOUNG MIGRANTS TO REMAIN IN U.S.:

PRESIDENT OBAMA’S COMPASSIONATE INITIATIVE TO HELP YOUNG MIGRANTS TO REMAIN IN THE UNITED STATES – DREAM ACT COME TRUE.

Dear All,

This is a special request addressed to the members of Rebbapragadas Group residing in the United States. I would ask all other readers to read this post and take the action requested after giving it your careful consideration. All residents of the United States are entitled to certain Freedoms guaranteed by The Constitution of The United States of America which include the Right to Life and Freedom of Speech. At the same time, we recognize that we live and exist because of Divine Providence.

The Rebbapragadas Group describes people related to this group of people and others connected to Rebbapragadas. Spiritual Action refers to actions performed by man to provide some benefit to others without seeking personal benefit or the fruits of his/her own actions.

The Rebbapragadas Group describes people related to this group of Ladies and others connected to Rebbapragadas. Indian Tradition describes the five causes of any action performed by man:1. the doer, 2. the place of action, 3. the senses, 4. the endeavor, and 5. the Supreme Will or the Prime Cause. Man has no choice other than that of performing action in response to an environmental or external stimulus and the course of action and its outcome is determined by the Prime Cause.

U.S. President Obama has announced on June 15 that he would permit Young Migrants to remain in U.S. under a proposed initiative called ‘Deferred Action’. His bold and compassionate action to help migrants who had arrived in the United States as children to some extent makes the ‘DREAM ACT’ to come true in the lives of several students who have entirely grew up here. “They are Americans in their heart, in their minds, in every single way but one: on paper,” President Obama said in announcing the new policy in the White House Rose Garden on Friday, June 15, 2012. These are young people who, though no fault of their own, were brought to this country as children, lacked the intent to violate the law and be provided relief from administrative action like removal from the country. Secretary Napolitano has issued a policy directive to implement the decision made by the U.S. President. It has been proposed to set the age limit at 30 years. There are graduate students who have arrived in this country as children and have remained here all their lives and have crossed this age limit of 30 years.

I am seeking your kind attention to the problems faced by these graduate students who are not able to seek employment benefit and need immediate relief. They can significantly contribute to the society on the basis of their education and qualifications they earned while studying in the U.S. Colleges and Universities. Current students must be given age relaxation and be permitted to apply for ‘Deferred Action’ under the new initiative of President Obama.

Please call your U.S. Senator and U.S. House Representative or forward this letter to their e-mail address and request them to contact Mr. James McCament, Chief of the USCIS Office of Legislative Affairs to make the necessary amendment to the 30-Year Age limit proposed by Secretary Napolitano in her Policy Directive and Memorandum issued on June 15, 2012.

Many thanks for giving your kind attention to this problem.

“DEFERRED ACTION” AND SPIRITUAL ACTION :

The Indian tradition is derived from the principles shared by Vedanta. The Divine Song known as ‘The Bhagavad Gita’ in Chapter XVIII, Moksha Upadesa Yoga(The Perfection of Renunciation), verses 13 and 14 state that according to Vedanta, there are five causes in the accomplishment of any kind of action; 1. The place of action; 2. The doer; 3. The senses; 4. The endeavor; and ultimately 5. The Supersoul or The Supreme Will. The executive action taken by President Obama is in the nature of a Spiritual action. I describe Spiritualism and Spirituality as the potency that generates Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility in the living experience of an individual and this quality is reflected in the actions, interactions within the individual, and between individuals of a social group, or social community. I support the ‘DREAM ACT’ and it is Spiritual Action that promotes Peace, Harmony, and Tranquility in the lives of those young individuals who still exist as ‘MIGRANTS’ without Immigration Status.

Dr. R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,
Ex- Number. MS-8466 Rank Lieutenant/Captain AMC/SSC,
Medical Officer, South Column, Operation Eagle(1971-72),
Ex- Number. MR-03277K Rank Captain/Major AMC/DPC
Medical Officer, Headquarters Establishment No. 22 C/O 56 APO(1971-74),
Directorate General of Security,
Office of Inspector General Special Frontier Force,
East Block V, Level IV, R. K. Puram,
New Delhi – 110 022
http://bhavanajagat.com/

DHS – Deferred Action Process for Young People Who Are Low Enforcement Priorities (bespacific.com)
Obama Announces Relief for DREAMers (newamericamedia.org)
ImmigrationTALK: Obama Announced Deferred Action for Young Immigrants in U.S. (kaieteurnewsonline.com)
Obama bans some immigrant deportations, bypasses Congress (thehindu.com)
Obama ‘s Reprieve for DREAMers While Same-Sex Binational Couples Languish as Exiles & Outcasts (oblogdeeoblogda.me)
Napolitano to announce immigration policy changes (politicalticker.blogs.cnn.com)
Obama Administration To Stop Deporting Younger Undocumented Immigrants And Grant Work Permits (huffingtonpost.com)
Spiritualism – for Peace Harmony and Tranquility (bhavanajagat.com)
Whole Dude – Whole Spirituality (wholedude.com)
Spiritualism – the Positive Science of Spirituality (bhavanajagat.com)
Spiritualism – the Biological Basis of Spirituality (bhavanajagat.com)
Spiritualism and Materialism (bhavanajagat.com)
Spiritualism – the Molecular Basis of Spirituality (bhavanajagat.com)
Whole Dude – Whole Action (wholedude.com)
A Breakdown of DHS’s Deferred Action for DREAMers (hispanicallyspeakingnews.com)
Spiritualism – the Past Is Never Dead (bhavanajagat.com)

THE GREAT PROBLEM OF TIBET-SIXTY YEARS OF OCCUPATION

Posted on July 23, 2011 by Bhavanajagat

Image by tdietmut via Flickr

THE LIVING TIBETAN SPIRITS SPEAK ABOUT THE GREAT PROBLEM OF TIBET :

THE GREAT PROBLEM OF TIBET IS THAT OF ITS ILLEGAL OCCUPATION.

I speak on behalf of ‘The Living Tibetan Spirits’ who had given their mortal lives in the hope of evicting the illegal occupier from the Land of Tibet. Occupation is not a natural condition and hence it would remain a problem. Apparently, China got transformed into a huge economic and military power and hence, the problem of Tibet is great. The greatness of the problem would not dampen my hopes and expectations about the future of Tibet. I am not seeking separation of Tibet from China. Tibet is not a part of China and separation is not the issue. I am supporting the view of ‘The Living Tibetan Spirits’. Freedom is a natural state or condition known to Tibetans over centuries of their existence as a Country with its own history and traditions. This historical experience of the people cannot be wiped out by decades of brutal, illegal, military occupation. By removing the military forces from the Land of Tibet, China could initiate a process of healing and restoration of normal conditions inside Tibet.

I am pleased to share this article published by Claude Arpi from Rediff.com

Dr. R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,
Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India,
M.B.B.S., Class of April, 1970.

http://www.rediff.com/news/column/despite-denials-china-has-a-big-problem-in-tibet/20110719.htm

A top US diplomat in China was apparently summoned to convey Beijing’s [ Images ] ‘strong indignation’ over President Barack Obama’s [ Images ] meeting with the Dalai Lama: it amounted to ‘gross interference’ which would damage bilateral ties, said Beijing.
Chinese foreign ministry spokesman Ma Zhaoxu objected ‘sternly’, saying, “The encounter had not only hurt the feelings of Chinese people,’ but he demanded that the US start to seriously consider China’s stance and ‘immediately adopt measures to wipe out the baneful impact and cease to connive and support anti-China separatist forces that seek ‘Tibet independence’.
The meeting between the Dalai Lama and Barack Obama was, however, not that crucial because the US is not in a position to influence China in any way, especially on its ‘internal’ policies.
A few days ago, Xinhua placidly analysed the possibility of the US going bankrupt, saying, “No one wants to see the US breach its debt obligations, but everyone has to be prepared in case it happens… any US ‘action to repudiate its debts will benefit [the US] at a cost to others.”
Beijing knows perfectly well that it can only be the loser.
“In the current situation, only by repudiating its debts can the US rapidly decrease its debt ratio and reduce its heavy debt burden, so as to have consumption recover,” said Xinhua.
It added, “The world’s countries will have nothing to say but acknowledge their bad luck if the US defaults on its debt. If the default causes the collapse of bond prices and the skyrocketing of commodity prices, those who suffer will be countries with foreign exchange reserves and industrial manufacturing countries.”
In other words, China!
This is also why even though Beijing can’t do much about the US debt (and about its own money in US coffers), the Communist leadership is certainly not ready to listen to Washington when it concerns its ‘internal’ affairs’.
The US, even if it manages to escape the debt trap, does not anymore have the clout (or the muscle) to impose anything on China.
But there is something else; during the last few months, the world media, and particularly the US press, highlighted the ‘democratic’ wind coming from Dharamsala and applauded the Dalai Lama’s self-retirement.
The logical next step for a nation promoting democracy in North Africa or the Middle East would have been to invite the ‘elected’ leader of the Tibetan diaspora along with the Dalai Lama.
But no, Washington prefers to receive the Dalai Lama and ignore Dr Lobsang Sangay, the new ‘elected’ Kalon Tripa. It is more convenient to receive a ‘religious’ leader.
Then, in case China sees red, Washington can always say that it was a non-political encounter.
More interesting is the trip of the Chinese Vice-President Xi Jinping to Tibet [ Images ]. It is the highest level visit to the restive region since 2001, when the then Vice-President (today President) Hu Jintao went to celebrate 50 years of the ‘liberation’ of Tibet.
Tibet Information Network then reported, ‘Several thousand Tibetans were required to be present at the main anniversary ceremony on July 19, which was attended by Hu Jintao in the Potala Square, surrounded by armed security personnel.
‘Others, including children, students and monks, were required to form part of various delegations welcoming the official visitors to Lhasa,’ it said.
That was 10 years ago.
Strangely, on Tuesday, in a lead article, Xinhua merely said, ‘Central government delegation arrives for Tibet’s 60th anniversary of peaceful liberation,’ adding, ‘A delegation of China’s central government arrives in Lhasa, capital of southwest China’s Tibet Autonomous Region, on July 17, 2011.
‘The delegation came to attend the celebrations marking the 60th anniversary of Tibet’s peaceful liberation,’ it adds.
Is it not strange that Xi Jinping’s name is not even mentioned? Why?
Let’s not forget that in 15 months’ time, Xi Jinping will be China’s president, as well as the Communist Party of China’s general secretary and chairman of the all-powerful Central Military Commission.
While Xi’s name is mentioned in secondary articles, it is intriguing that his name did not figure in the lead article.
It probably has something to do with a not-so-smooth succession and the announced-and-later-denied death of his mentor, former President Jiang Zemin.
Chinese ways are sometimes difficult to grasp.
Apart from the old ‘Tibetan’ guard (Raidi, Pagpalha), Vice Premier Hui Liangyu and more, interesting for India [ Images ], General Chen Bingde, the People’s Liberation Army’s boss, travelled with Xi.
Xi’s visit to Tibet has obviously made many nervous. An article in Asia News affirms, ‘Beijing is afraid of more anti-China protests and has increased its control over its borders with Nepal ahead of the visit.’
Is it really the reason why on July 12, Beijing announced a closure of the Tibet-Nepal border, mainly targeting ‘foreigners, especially Americans, Indians and Europeans, who could sympathise with the Tibetan activists. According to local media, Beijing’s decision has resulted in a sharp drop in tourist reservations.’
Another interesting aspect of Xi’s visit to Tibet is that Xi Zhongxun, the vice-president’s father who was a vice-premier himself, played a relatively positive role in Tibet in the 1950s, till he was purged in September 1962 (he wrote that the Panchen Lama was right in his assessment of the situation in Tibet where lakhs of people died during the Great Leap Forward).
When the communists came to power in 1947, Xi Zhongxun was deputy political commissar of the North West Field Army commanded by Marshal Peng Dehuai.
Later Xi was elevated to the post of political commissar of the army which entered north-western Tibet in 1949.
While Xi Zhongxun had a military background, he was very close to the late Panchen Lama (and later to the Dalai Lama). When the former passed away in mysterious circumstances in 1989 in Shigatse, Xi wrote his obituary in The People’s Daily.
Strangely, very little has been written about Xi Jinping and the Tibet connection. Probably Xi Jinping does want to highlight this ‘connection’ a year before his elevation to the top of the party and some links to his past seem to have been removed.
In any case, the vice president’s visit to Tibet should not be seen as negative and there is no reason for the West to support large-scale protests.
On the contrary, Xi Jinping should be encouraged to see for himself the tense situation in the Himalayan region, at a time when the official propaganda continues to hammer on that the Tibetans are happy and liberated.
A white paper on The Liberation of Tibet recently released by the State Council’s Information Office affirms, ‘The 60 years following Tibet’s peaceful liberation have proved that Tibet, as an inseparable part of China, shares its destiny with the motherland, and its development is also impossible without that of China.’
Going through the paper, one discovers astonishing information: ‘After the founding of the People’s Republic of China in 1949, Tibet was peacefully liberated,’ it reads.
It goes on to say, ‘Under the leadership of and with special care from the Central People’s government, and through democratic reform, the founding of the autonomous region, socialist construction and the reform and opening-up, Tibet abolished serfdom and theocracy, become a modern, democratic socialist society, achieved rapid and comprehensive economic and social development, and embarked on the road to modernity.’
Nobody is fooled, either about the ‘democratic socialist society’ or the serfdom. The words just do not tally with ground reality.
Why should Tibet be closed to foreigners for such a ‘special celebration’ if life is so rosy and if Tibetans are so grateful to the ‘motherland’?
As the White Paper was released, the Tibetan Centre for Human Rights and Democracy announced that the Kardze County People’s Court in Eastern Tibet had sentenced 13 Tibetans out of those arrested after a demonstration.
The TCHRD further stated that on July 5, 2011, the Public Security Bureau arrested Pema Rinchen, a famous writer from his house in Drango County of Kardze Prefecture.
‘On July 6, 2011, the second day of his arrest, he had to be taken to the Drango county hospital for emergency treatment, because he was reportedly savagely beaten by the police after his arrest,’ a report read.
‘On hearing the news, his family members rushed to hospital. However, several policemen were standing guard outside his hospital room and refused to allow his family to see him,’ it said.
Recent examples of the violent demonstrations, particularly in Kirti monastery, confirm that Beijing has a big problem on its table.
What is flabbergasting is that Beijing continues to publish photos of ‘happy Tibetans’ enjoying life under their benevolent and compassionate ‘motherland’.
Let us hope that Xi Jinping will be able to grasp the situation and follow in the footsteps of his father, a moderate and open-minded leader.

Claude Arpi

A Letter to the Living Tibetan Spirits (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)

THE BATTLE PLAN OF OPERATION EAGLE – PERMISSION FOR DISCLOSURE

Posted on July 21, 2011 by Bhavanajagat

English: Manmohan Singh, current prime ministe...

English: Dr. Manmohan Singh, current Prime Minister of India. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

The Battle Plan of Operation Eagle 1971-Chittagong Hill Tracts must be disclosed.

OPERATION EAGLE(1971)- MILITARY ACTION IN CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS: PERMISSION FOR DISCLOSURE OF THE BATTLE PLAN. The battle plan had originated and was sanctioned by Prime Minister of India at the Secretariat Building, South Block, New Delhi.

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – OPERATION EAGLE:

To: manmohan@sansad.nic.in
Subject: The Battle Plan of Operation Eagle – Permission for disclosure
Date: Thu, 21 Jul 2011

From,
R.Pratap Narayan,
Fair View Apartment,
Street No 8,
Habshiguda,
Hyderabad. 500 007. Tel. 040. 2 717 3543

To:

Dr. Manmohan Singh
Honourable Prime Minister of India,
Prime Minister’s Office,
New Delhi – 110 011.

Attn: Prime Minister’s Office – Shri. Amar Dass, Section Officer.

Respected Sir,

Subject:- The Battle Plan of Operation Eagle – Permission for Disclosure.

References:- 1. My representation dated 24/5/2011.
2. PMO ID No. 6/3/2011-PMP3/298009 dated 16/6/2011.

3. MoD ID No. 3533/2009/D( Cer ) dated 01 July 2011.
4. Integrated HQ MoD(Army), Military Secretary’s Branch ID No. A/45101/REP/MS( X )
dated 08 July 2011.

1. Military Secretary’s Branch, Integrated HQ MoD( Army ) in its letter ID No. A/45101/REP/MS( X ) dated 08 Jul 2011 had rejected my representation dated 24/5/2011 regarding my brother’s petition to receive a Gallantry Award that was duly recommended by Special Frontier Force which operated under the Command of Major General Sujan Singh Uban, Inspector General SFF, Directorate General of Security, R. K. Puram, New Delhi. As per the decision made by the Prime Minister of India, the Battle Plan of Operation Eagle had included the eligibility criteria for receiving Service Medals and Decorations. My brother is eligible to receive this Gallantry Award because he had participated in Operation Eagle as a Citizen of India. For example, foreign nationals like Bangla refugees who had also participated in Operation Eagle are not entitled to receive Service Medals and Decorations.

2. The Military Secretary, MoD( Army ) while rejecting my representation had also claimed that this battle action took place nearly 39 years ago. However, it must be noted that the Military Secretary has not mentioned the date or dates of this battle action. It appears that the MS Branch is not aware of this basic information or the MS Branch is deliberately concealing information with an intention to deny the grant of this Gallantry Award to an Indian National who had participated in military action on the basis of his Citizenship.

3. In the history of Republic of India, for the very first time, the Prime Minister of India had planned and had personally executed this kind of military operation( Op Eagle ) drawing assistance from nontraditional fighting elements from the Directorate General of Security.

4. Because of the historical importance of Operation Eagle, it would be in public interest to disclose the details of the Battle Plan. Since this Battle Action took place a long time ago, it is assumed that Government of India has no objection if the Battle Plan is disclosed to the People of India.

5. If you have any concerns in this matter, kindly inform me.

Thanking You,

Yours Faithfully,

R.Pratap Narayan.
Hyderabad.
21 st July, 2011.

This letter from Ministry of Defence again fails to mention my Unit affiliation and does not reveal the name of the military act called Operation Eagle. Public have a Right to Information about the Battle Plan of Operation Eagle.

OPERATION EAGLE – PERMISSION FOR DISCLOSURE OF BATTLE PLAN: Mr. Upamanyu Chatterjee, IAS, Joint Secretary, Chief Administrative Officer, Ministry of Defence, a reputed novelist must allow me to tell my story.

Operation Eagle – a Letter to Union Minister of State for Defence (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
Operation Eagle – Registration of Public Grievance (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
Operation Eagle – an Open Letter to Government of India (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
Operation Eagle – a Demand for Justice From Dr. Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
Operation Eagle – a Letter to Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
Operation Eagle – Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971 (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
Spiritualism – the Past Is Never Dead (bhavanajagat.com)
Special Frontier Force-operation Eagle-gallantry Award (bhavanajagat.com)

OPERATION EAGLE – REGISTRATION OF PUBLIC GRIEVANCE

Posted on July 18, 2011 by Bhavanajagat

The South Block, which houses the Prime Minister’s Office, also showing the “Dominion Column”. (Photo credit: Wikipedia)

Operation Eagle(1971)- Public Grievance Registration Number: MODEF/E/2011/00761 dated 24 September, 2011 is asking Government of India to give due recognition to a participant of Prime Minister Indira Gandhi’s military action in the Chittagong Hill Tracts that initiated the Liberation of Bangladesh during 1971.

Operation Eagle(1971)- Public Grievance: Dr. Manmohan Singh, the current Prime Minister of India is being asked to uphold the dignity of the Office of The Prime Minister of India. He has to make a decision to show respect and honor the decisions made by the former Prime Minister of India who initiated the Liberation of Bangladesh with military action in the Chittagong Hill Tracts during 1971.

Operation Eagle-Gallantry Award-Public Grievance: Mr. Upamanyu Chatterjee, IAS, Joint Secretary, Chief Administrative Officer, Defence Headquarters Training Institute, Ministry of Defence, E Block, DHQ Zone, Dalhousie Road, New Delhi – 110 011 had received on 17 July, 2012 the Public Grievance bearing Registration Number: MODEF/E/2011/00761 dated 24 September , 2011. He is a reputed novelist. He must permit me to tell my Story.

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE – OPERATION EAGLE – GALLANTRY AWARD:

From: rebbapragada@live.com

To: cvo@nic.in

Subject: Registration of Public Grievance – OPERATION EAGLE – MILITARY OPERATION OF PRIME MINISTER IN CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS 1971 .
Date: Wed, 1 Jun 2011 13:38:33 -0400

OPERATION EAGLE 1971-LIBERATION WAR OF BANGLADESH

Reference:- Government of India Ministry of Defence Letter No. 3533/2009/D( Cer ) dated 2nd/3rd December, 2009.

Operation Eagle was planned and executed by India’s Prime Minister and the military operation was commanded by Major General Sujan Singh Uban, Inspector General of Special Frontier Force. This is an establishment under the Directorate General of Security, Cabinet Secretariat and is not governed by the rules and procedures of Indian Army. The Special Frontier Force does not take its orders from Indian Army. Under the Battle Plan and the Rules of Engagement, the Prime Minster of India made a specific provision to give the benefit of receiving Awards, Honours, and Decorations from Indian Army to a selected few participants and several other personnel who took part in Operation Eagle and got killed or injured were specifically excluded from getting a similar benefit. Indian Army has no jurisdictional power to stop the implementation of a benefit included in the Prime Minister’s Battle Plan. The Prime Minister did not impose such restrictions and time limits for receiving the benefit of Military Awards and Decorations.

Military Secretary’s Branch, Army Headquarters, Ministry of Defence has issued this response. The letter claims that a citation was not received through Staff Channels. The Military Secretary”s Branch must not expose its ignorance in a written communication that would be viewed by people of India. Special Frontier Force had executed the military operation of Operation Eagle and the Battle Plan and the Rules of Engagement, and the Marching Orders were directly issued by the Prime Minister, and the Cabinet Secretariat. No Indian Army Staff Channels were involved in the conduct of Operation Eagle. The citations to confer Awards, Honours, and Decorations in respect of specific members who had participated in Operation Eagle were sent direct to the Branch of Indian Army Service to which the individual was affiliated. There was no need to use Staff Channels as this Operation was not a military operation planned or executed by Units or Formations of Indian Armed Forces.

Shri. S. Kumar, Deputy Director, Military Secretary’s Branch, MS(X), Ministry of Defence(Army) in his two-page letter does not mention the word Operation Eagle. He has deliberately refused to speak about Operation Eagle. The Military Secretary’s Branch is intentionally concealing information and is beating around the bush. What are Staff Channels? What are those Staff Channels between Prime Minister’s Office, Cabinet Secretariat and the Military Secretary?

Sir,

1. I am writing this letter to register Public Grievance in the matter of my military service on deputation at Headquarters Establishment No. 22, C/O 56 APO , Special Frontier Force, Office of the Directorate General of Security, the Cabinet Secretariat, Rama Krishna Puram, New Delhi from 22-9-1971 to 18-12-1974.

2. Kindly register this public grievance about service related matter that pertains to my participation in Operation Eagle in Chittagong Hill Tracts in 1971. The details of my grievance are stated in my letter sent to Shri. Mallapudi Mangapathi Pallam Raju, Honorable Minister of State for Defence. Kindly ask me if you need any further information in this matter.

3. Please acknowledge and send me your grievance registration number and date for my records.

4.Thanking You,

Yours Faithfully,

Rebbapragada. Rudra Narasimham/R. R. Narasimham,

Son of Rebbapragada. Suryanarayana Murthy,

13-92, First Cross Road, Prakasam Nagar,

Rajahmundry, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

R. Rudra Narasimham/ R.R. Narasimham,
Ex Personal Number – MR- 03277K, Rank – Major AMC/DPC
Ex Personal Number – MS- 8466, Rank – Captain/Lieutenant/Second Lieutenant AMC/SSRC

From: rebbapragada@live.com

To: rrm@nic.in

Operation Eagle-Public Grievance: Dr. Mallipudi Mangapathi Pallam Raju, Raksha Rajya Mantri, Union Minister of State for Defence, Ministry of Defence, Government of India may have received this Public Grievance. He has not yet responded to the Grievance. I would expect him to show due respect and honor the decisions made by the former Prime Minister of India.

Subject: OPERATION EAGLE – MILITARY OPERATION OF PRIME MINISTER IN CHITTAGONG HILL TRACTS 1971 .
Date: Wed, 1 Jun 2011 12:53:24 -0400

Reference:- Government of India Ministry of Defence Letter No. 3533/2009/D( Cer ) dated 2nd/3rd December, 2009.

Sir,

1. I would like to introduce myself as son of Shri. Rebbapragada. Suryanarayana Murthy, and a native of Rajahmundry, East Godavari District. I obtained my S.S.L.C. diploma in 1961 from Danavaipeta Municipal High School, Rajahmundry. I was granted Short Service Regular Commission in Army Medical Corps during 1969. The Service Records held by Medical Personnel Records Section-Officers, MPRS(O), Office of the Directorate General Armed Forces Medical Services, The DGAFMS, Ministry of Defence, New Delhi show that I am a permanent resident of Rajahmundry.

2. I would like to submit to you that the Ministry of Defence, Army Headquarters have no institutional capacity or jurisdiction over actions sanctioned and authorized by the Prime Minister, the Prime Minister’s Office, and the Cabinet Secretariat.

3. Army Medical Directorate, Army Headquarters, Ministry of Defence, New Delhi had issued posting orders that directed me to serve on deputation at Headquarters Establishment No.22, C/O 56 APO, Special Frontier Force, Office of the Directorate General of Security, The Cabinet Secretariat, R K Puram, New Delhi with effect from 22-9-1971 to 18-12-1974. I had participated in Operation Eagle under orders that I had received from my superior Officers under the authority sanctioned by the Prime Minister, Prime Minister’s Office, and the Cabinet Secretariat. The service that I had rendered was recognized by my Unit, and the Operational Command of Operation Eagle and I was duly recommended the award of Vir Chakra. Such recommendations given in recognition of my Service on deputation could not be rejected by Ministry of Defence/Army Headquarters who have no jurisdictional control over the military operation sanctioned by the Prime Minister, the Chief Executive Officer of Government of India.

4. Kindly review my letters sent to Honorable Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, Government of India, and take the necessary action as requested by me.

5. Thanking You,

Yours Faithfully,

Rudra Narasimham, Rebbapragada

Son of Rebbapragada. Suryanarayana Murthy,

13-92 Prakasam Nagar, Rajahmundry, East Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh.

Ex Personal Number. MR – 03277K, Rank. MAJOR, AMC/DPC

Ex Personal Number. MS -8466, Rank. Captain/Lieutenant/Second Lieutenant, AMC/SSRC

Medical Officer, South Column Unit, Operation Eagle(1971)

Headquarters Establishment Number 22 C/O 56 APO

http://bhavanajagat.wordpress.com/2011/05/16/operation-eagle-an-open-letter-to-government-of-india/

From: rebbapragada@live.com

To: manmohan@sansad.nic.in

Subject: OPERATION EAGLE – A LETTER TO PRIME MINISTER DR. MANMOHAN SINGH
Date: Thu, 19 May 2011 23:52:26 -0400

Reference: Government of India Ministry of Defence Letter No. 3533/2009/D ( Cer ) dated 2nd/3rd December, 2009.

Sir,

1. Kindly view my open letter dated May 16, 2011 at my Homepage of BhavanaJagat( the web hyperlink is posted under my signature ).

2. Kindly direct the Under Secretary ( Cer ), Ministry of Defence, Government of India to take action as per the citation initiated by my Unit while I had participated in Operation Eagle under the authority sanctioned by Prime Minister Indira Gandhi, Cabinet Secretariat, Government of India during 1971.

3.This military Operation was not ordered by the Defence Minister, and was not planned or executed by the orders that were issued by the Army Headquarters. Ministry of Defence, Army Headquarters. The Medical Directorate( DMS-Army ) had taken action during 1971 to send me on deputation to Special Frontier Force. The DMS(Army) and the Army Headquarters have no jurisdiction to invalidate the action taken by my Unit during its participation in Operation Eagle. Kindly ask me for any further clarification or information about the nature of military act for which my Unit recommended my name for the grant of Gallantry Award – Vir Chakra.

4. Ministry of Defence has no legal authority to refuse the sanction of this Gallantry Award. Army Headquarters may be informed of the fact and the nature of military service rendered by me while I was on deputation at Headquarters Establishment No. 22 of Special Frontier Force. To conduct the Military Operation of 1971 in Chittagong Hill Tracts, we have taken orders direct from the Prime Minister, The Prime Minister’s Office and the Cabinet Secretariat.

5. I would ask you to uphold the dignity of the Prime Minister’s Office. The actions taken by the Cabinet Secretariat should be treated with respect by the Ministry of Defence and Army Headquarters.

6. Thanking You,

Yours Faithfully,

R. Rudra Narasimham/R. R. Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,
Ex Personal Number. MR-03277K, Rank. MAJOR, AMC/DPC
Ex Personal Number. MS-8466, Rank. Lieutenant/Captain, AMC/SSC
Medical Officer, South Column Unit, Operation Eagle (1971),
Headquarters Establishment Number 22 C/O 56 APO

http://bhavanajagat.wordpress.com/2011/05/16/operation-eagle-an-open-letter-to-government-of-india/

Operation Eagle – a Letter to Union Minister of State for Defence (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
Operation Eagle – an Open Letter to Government of India (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
Operation Eagle – a Letter to Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
Operation Eagle – a Demand for Justice From Dr. Manmohan Singh, Prime Minister of India (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
The Battle Plan of Operation Eagle – Permission for Disclosure (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
Operation Eagle – Bangladesh Liberation War of 1971 (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
Spiritualism – the Past Is Never Dead (bhavanajagat.com)
Special Frontier Force-operation Eagle-gallantry Award (bhavanajagat.com)

FOOD AND SPIRITUALITY

Posted on June 20, 2011 by Bhavanajagat

Structure of the coenzyme adenosine triphospha...

Image via Wikipedia

WHAT IS FOOD?

Food is a substance eaten for nourishment, for psychological satisfaction, and to support Social Bonding. There is Spiritual Relationship between Food and its Consumer.

Food is a substance eaten for nourishment. Food serves functions other than nutrition. Food plays a vital role in the development, and the maintenance of social interactions, social relationships, and is the fundamental basis for man’s spiritual relationship with a source of energy and its provider which sustains life and existence.

FOOD=ENERGY=LIFE :

Food describes any substance which a living organism can convert into energy and new tissue using the process of metabolism. The body fluids surrounding each cell are the immediate source of nutrients. The nutrients supplied by food are either used as building blocks in synthesizing large molecules or they are oxidized producing a form of energy that is further used for powering the activities of the cell. To maintain life, an organism not only repairs or replaces( or both ) its structures by a constant supply of the materials of which it is composed but also keeps its life processes in operation by a steady supply of energy. Living systems must be supplied energy for continual synthesis of new organic molecules and to replace or to repair broken organic molecules. Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, Professor of Anatomy and Physiology, Dean of the Harvard Medical School( 1847 to 1882 ) had defined life; “To live is to function; and that is all there is in living.” At cellular level, the living functions include uptake and conversion of nutrients, synthesis of new molecules, production of energy, and regulation and coordination of metabolic sequences.

The Living Cell is a thermodynamically unstable system. This means that without a continuous input of Energy, a Living Cell will degrade spontaneously into a collection of nonliving molecules.

The processes of synthesis and breakdown of the organic molecules of the cell are termed metabolism. Metabolism is divided into two categories; 1. Anabolism- it describes the processes of maintenance and growth, and 2. Catabolism- it describes the processes of energy production. The Living Cell depends on a virtually uninterrupted supply of materials for its metabolism. The Living Cell is a thermodynamically unstable system. This means that without a continuous input of energy, a Cell will degrade spontaneously into a nonliving collection of molecules. Food supplies organic molecules and other substances as nourishment to sustain life. Life is characterized by the presence of complex transformation of organic molecules and by the organization of such molecules into successively larger units of protoplasm, cells, organs, and tissues.

WHAT IS NUTRITION?

Protoplasm or Cytoplasm is the clear, soft, gelatinous living substance found inside all living cells. A most striking characteristic of Protoplasm is its vital property of Nutrition. Nutrition is the power which Protoplasm has of attracting to itself the materials that provide energy and are necessary for its growth and maintenance.

All the tissues and organs of which the human body is composed, consists of building blocks called Cells. Each Living Cell contains soft, gelatinous, semi-fluid, viscous, clear or translucent, colloidal living substance or matter called Protoplasm or Cytoplasm or Cytosol. A most striking characteristic of protoplasm is its vital property of ‘Nutrition’. Nutrition is described as the ‘power’ which protoplasm has of attracting to itself the materials that provide the energy, and the substances for its growth and maintenance from surrounding matter/environment. Nutrition, as a biological function and activity, is the evidence for the operation of Consciousness at cellular level. The Living Cell is conscious or aware of its own existence in its given environment, it is conscious or aware of its energy dependent state of internal condition, and consciously uses its power of nutrition to attract substances from its immediate environment. The Living Cell displays its living functions while it exists as a conscious entity. The Cell Death is characterized by the absence of the power of nutrition, and in the absence of energy input or food intake, the Cell dies. Consciousness and Food are related to each other. Consciousness gives the power of attracting Food and Food provides the ability to live with Consciousness which is the most important characteristic of life. The human organism exists because of the functions of the trillions of cells. The purpose of consciousness is to foster functional unity of the multicellular organism and establish it as an individual. This conscious individual experiences hunger, and thirst which provide the drive or motivation to initiate his feeding behavior. Each individual cell uses its own power of Nutrition to attract the nutrients from the body fluids that are present in its immediate environment. Certain metabolic disorders and conditions like Diabetes are associated with problems of food intake at cellular level. The man may feed himself, and nutrients like glucose accumulate in the blood stream and fail to provide the nourishment needed by the cells. Similarly, there are several mental diseases that are associated with a variety of eating disorders, and bizarre disturbances of appetite, taste, and food preference.

HUMAN NUTRITION :

The Protoplasm has the power of Nutrition. The Cell Membrane or the Biological Membrane is not a simple physical barrier separating the Cell from its surrounding environment. The Cell Membrane plays an active role in food intake.

The Biological Membrane or the Plasma Membrane separates the living cell from its environment and from other cells. It helps to maintain a constant ‘milieu’ in which intracellular reactions occur. The Plasma Membrane allows a highly controlled exchange of matter across the barrier it poses; some compounds are able to pass through the Membrane easily, others are completely blocked. Food must provide adequate amounts of all chemical elements needed by the Cells. Of the approximately 35 elements known to occur in cells, four( Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen ) make up about 95 percent of the cell weight. Nine elements( Calcium, Phosphorus, Chlorine, Sulfur, Potassium, Sodium, Magnesium, Iodine, and iron ) contribute about 4 percent of the cell weight. The remaining 20+ elements together constitute less than 1 percent of cell weight and are called trace elements because they occur in minute quantities. However, many such as Copper, and Zinc fulfil vital functions. Animal cells do not have the ability to synthesize certain complex organic molecules from simple inorganic compounds. Certain large organic molecules that serve as building blocks that must be supplied by food are known as essential dietary components. They include Vitamins, Essential Amino Acids, and Essential Fatty Acids. Man has restricted synthetic powers as compared to the bacteria and hence needs greater number of essential foodstuffs. Man derives energy solely from the breakdown of complex organic molecules, mainly Carbohydrates and Fats. Fuel for the maintenance of life comes from other living organisms or their products. Human life ultimately depends on the existence of green plants that can use inorganic source of energy such as Solar radiation. Terrestrial life depends upon an extraterrestrial source of Energy. All terrestrial organisms live as energy dependent entities and live by establishing a relationship with a source of energy.

FOOD AND ENERGY – THE ‘GOD-CONNECTION’ :

Human life begins as a single cell, the fertilized Ovum. How does it obtain food and energy? Man exists because of a "Connection" with an Energy Provider.

Man's life journey begins as an Embryo which gets implanted into the maternal tissues by about 6 days after its conception. Thus, mother is the source of Food and Energy to establish human life.

Man exists because of a “Connection.” In nature, man exists as an energy seeker or heterotroph. Human existence becomes possible only when man is connected to an energy provider. This biological connection to a source of energy is made possible when biological information is implanted in the single cell which begins its journey to grow and develop into a new organism. If Sun is viewed as a source of energy for all life on this planet, man is not directly connected to that source of energy. Man exists as a multicellular organism and each cell derives its energy from powerhouses called mitochondria; the intracellular membrane bound organelles found in all living cells.

Man exists as energy seeker. Mitochondria are the powerhouses found inside all living cells. They establish the 'Connection' between the energy seeker and the energy provider.

The mitochondria have the necessary biological information to transform oxidative energy into a form of chemical energy that the cell could further use for its living functions. In nature, man obtains food from other organisms. Only the green-celled plants known as autotrophs can directly convert light energy into chemical energy that they can further use.

Green-celled plants are known as autotrophs. They can directly convert light energy into chemical energy that they further use to manufacture plant substances and products. The Chloroplasts act like Solar Panels to capture inorganic light energy. The Chloroplasts act like a relay station in the flow of energy from the Sun to Man who uses the Mitochondria to establish this Connection.

Man is connected to these Chloroplasts of green plant cells that have the ability to trap Sun’s light energy. Sun’s energy is an extraterrestrial source of energy and it is provided to man by the intervention of Chloroplasts and the Mitochondria which man had directly acquired from his mother’s egg cell. These biological mechanisms are put in place and they operate outside the intellectual or physical abilities of man. In my blog post titled, ‘The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge, I have described the mother as the source of life and energy. Kindly read that post using the hyperlink :

http://bhavanajagat.wordpress.com/2010/09/13/the-divine-mother-of-life-energy-and-knowledge/

FOOD AND SOCIAL BONDING :

The act of consuming or eating Food establishes Social Bonding between the Food Provider and the Food Consumer. Feeding has a social purpose and it initiates social interactions. There is always a spiritual relationship between Mother and the Baby, a relationship based upon sympathy, understanding, affection, feelings, and Love.

Apart from nutrition, man consumes food for psychological satisfaction or to derive a sense of emotional contentment, and for the benefit of other individuals. A pregnant woman consumes food to provide a direct benefit to the baby growing in her womb. This placental connection between mother and her fetus establishes an anatomical relationship and a social relationship and social bonding between the two both during the duration of pregnancy and after the delivery of the baby. Man’s feeding behavior and feeding activities are influenced by social, and external environmental factors. Both, the timing of feeding, and the choice of food are affected by social facilitation. Food-directed activities in social situations demonstrate the ability of food to establish connection between food provider and the food consumer. Hunger and Satiety operate the physiological mechanisms related to food intake. The psychological, and emotional contentment derived from food is related to Social Bonding and Social Relationships that are fostered by Food. I describe spirituality as a relationship based upon sympathy, understanding, affection, feelings of care and Love. Food has the intrinsic ability to nurture a spiritual relationship between the provider of the food and its consumer. There is also a direct emotional relationship between man and the food he consumes. The causes for excessive or overeating are not yet fully understood. Overeating could be a symptom of boredom or emotional frustration. For many persons who indulge in overeating, the craving to eat is very strong and is similar to the craving for alcohol in the alcoholic and for a cigarette in a person addicted to tobacco smoke. The physiological mechanisms of hunger and thirst cannot fully account for the feeding behavior of man. Just like lust, and greed, man has psychological desire or craving for food and develops an intimate relationship with the food and drink he consumes. However, man can always express his craving for food in a spiritual context and seek the satisfaction provided by knowing the nature of God-Connection.

FOOD AND THE COVENANT OF SALT FOREVER :

Salt enjoys a special status among all food substances that man consumes. The intimate connection of salt with the idea of a "COVENANT" or binding contract or binding relationship, as a mark of Loyalty and Faithfulness, between man and God and between man and man is recognized in all human cultures.

Salt is universally used as a seasoning and as a preservative of food. Salt enjoys a special status among all food substances that man consumes. The status of salt as a life-giving and life-sustaining substance is well-founded. The intimate connection of salt with the idea of a “COVENANT” or binding relationship between man and God, and between man and man is recognized in all human cultures. The idea of “a covenant of salt forever” is found in The Fourth Book of Moses, The Old Testament Book of Numbers, Chapter 18, verse 19: “It is an everlasting covenant of salt before the Lord for both you and your offspring.” Similarly, The Third Book of Moses, The Old Testament Book of Leviticus, Chapter 2, verse 13 reads: “Season all your grain offerings with salt. Do not leave the salt of the covenant of your God out of your grain offerings, add salt to all your offerings.” The special status enjoyed by salt is reflected in the phrases popularly used in the languages of different people; “Untrue to Salt”( Persian ), “Trespass not against the Salt”( Greek ), “There is Salt between Us”( Arabic ), “Injury or Harm to Salt”( “Namaq or Namak Haraam” – Indian ). Jesus had very effectively communicated the relationship between the status of salt and the nature of man. The nature of man is understood in terms of his behavior, character, and conduct. It is expected of man to display respect, faithfulness, and loyalty in his relationship with other persons where the relationship is established by the covenant of salt. Jesus had directly instructed people to reject any person who has lost the fundamental characteristics of character and integrity and had stated His view by comparing man to salt. By accepting food, by consuming food, and by deriving nourishment and sustenance from food, man has established a binding relationship forever with his food provider.

Food that is seasoned with salt and is given as offering to God, and food that is seasoned with salt and is given to another person establishes a binding contract, a covenant, a binding relationship which has validity of its own. The nature of this social bonding and binding social relationship is reflected in the words used by Jesus while He delivered His Sermon on the Mount: "You are the Salt of the earth. But, if the Salt loses its saltiness, how can it be made salty again? It is no longer good for anything except to be thrown out and trampled by men."

FOOD AND GOD :

The Last Supper- The Gospel according to Saint Mark, Chapter 14, verse 22, and the Gospel according to Saint Matthew, Chapter 26, verse 26 and the Gospel according to Saint Luke, Chapter 22, verse 19, depict the scene called the Last Supper. The ritual instituted by Jesus has established the Sacrament of the Lord's Supper or Holy Communion. Judas Iscariot, one of the twelve apostles was the betrayer and is depicted by the person who is leaving the dinner table with bread in his hand.

Jesus Christ has described Himself as the Spiritual Food of man. In the Gospel according to Saint John, Chapter 6, verse 35, Jesus declared, “I am the bread of life. He who comes to me will never go hungry, and he who believes in me will never be thirsty.” Further, the Book of John, Chapter 6, verse 48 also reveals the purpose of Jesus, “I am the bread of life. I am the living bread that came down from heaven.” Virtually all Christian Churches celebrate the practice of Communion such as Mass, Eucharist, or Lord’s Supper in some form or the other. The First Epistle of Apostle Paul to the Corinthians, Chapter 10, verse 31 instructs, “so whether you eat or drink or whatever you do, do it all for the glory of God.” Apart from the satisfaction of hunger and thirst, man uses food and drink to derive a psychological satisfaction by establishing a spiritual connection with God who is the ultimate Food Provider.

In all religious traditions and cultures of this world, food is associated with God. Food is used in the ritualistic worship of God, food is offered to God, and food is consumed in the name of God. Most religious festivals involve the use of food in celebration of God’s Mercy, Grace and Compassion. Food is traditionally used as the medium for fomenting a spiritual relationship with God.

FOOD AND GOD IN INDIAN TRADITION :

"Annam Brahma, RasO Vishnu, Bhoktaa DevO MaheswaraH" - The Divine Trinity-Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva define the Indian tradition about Food and Spirituality. Lord Brahma, the Creator symbolizes solid food called Annam, Lord Vishnu the Protector symbolizes liquid food called Rasa, and Lord Shiva the Destroyer symbolizes the Food Consumer called Bhokta. Food and Drink are described as Bhojan, the person who consumes Food and Drink is described as Bhokta. Both Food and the Food Consumer symbolize the Divine Entity. Both man and food are created by God using the powers of Creativity. The nature of man, and the synthesis of food by plants using the process called Photosynthesis involve the use of creative mechanisms and the implantation of supernatural knowledge.

The Indian tradition describes Food and Drink as God and man the consumer of Food and Drink is also God. Man must view food as a spiritual substance; spiritual nourishment provided by the LORD God, the Creator and that attitude towards food would provide nutrition, psychological satisfaction, and social bonding which is complete and wholesome. The creation of Earth, and the Status of Man in nature are fundamental attributes of the Divine Being and His Divine Powers. The physical, mental, and social well-being of man is nourished by food that establishes man’s spiritual relationship with food and the food provider.

Dr. R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India,

M.B.B.S. Class of April, 1970.

The Science of Consciousness (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
Life and Death – a Changing World and Unchanging Reality (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)

IDENTITY AND INDIVIDUALITY

Posted on June 8, 2011 by Bhavanajagat

WHAT IS IDENTITY AND WHAT IS INDIVIDUALITY?

A brief glance at the face is enough for most people to identify one another. Face recognition is a basic feature of human identity and recognition.

A brief glance at the face is enough for most people to identify one another. However, man does not exist with the same identity during the course of his life. The word identity describes the condition or fact of being a specific person. Identification is the process by which a person can be identified in an accurate and consistent manner. The morphological or the external appearance of a person is subject to constant changes and it differs in a significant manner during the various stages of life such as infancy, boyhood, adulthood, and old age. The term individuality describes the sum of the characteristics or qualities that set one person apart from others. The condition of being individual, or different from others establishes the indivisibility of man. Man is unique, original, one kind of person who has not existed before and would not also exist in future even when he shares the same identical genome. Two identical twins could be correctly identified as two different individuals. I had proposed the Law of Individuality and Creation which claims that man exists as Individual and has no choice in this conditioned nature of subjective physical existence in the world. Man can only exist as Individual with Individuality.

If Identity described by the Phenotype establishes one face of the Coin, the Individuality describes the second face of the same coin and is established by the Genotype. While being the same, the Genotype presents the Individual with varying features of identification.

THE IDENTIFICATION TECHNOLOGY :

Using Fingerprints is the oldest method of Identification. The Fingerprint is electronically read by a sensor plate.

Biometrics is that branch of Biology which deals with its data statistically and by mathematical analysis. Using Fingerprints is the oldest method of Identification using biometric information. People have tiny ridges of skin on their fingers. These ridges form through a combination of genetic and environmental factors. The genetic make-up, the position of the fetus in the womb, and the composition and density of surrounding amniotic fluid play a role in how every individual ridge on the skin surface of finger will form. Fingerprints are a unique marker for a person, even an identical twin. Fingerprint analysis can define the differences between two fingerprint impressions.

Fingerprints are a unique marker for a person and Fingerprint analysis can define the differences between Fingerprints.

The Fingerprint is electronically read. The corrugated ridges of the skin are non-continuous and form a pattern that has distinguishing features or minutiae. Two varieties of Fingerprint scanning technology are currently used; the optical Fingerprint scanners and the Capacitance Fingerprint scanner that uses a computerized analysis.

IRIS RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY :

The Iris is the most unique feature visible on the human body.Iris Scan Recorder uses pattern recognition techniques based on images of the Iris.

Iris Scanners use pattern recognition techniques based on images of the irides(Irises) of an individual’s eyes. No two irides being the same, even in identical twins, individuals could be identified with accuracy and consistency.

DNA ANALYSIS :

: A small sample of DNA is amplified by using Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCR. The Short Tandem Repeat Analysis examines how often base pairs repeat in specific locations on a DNA strand.

A small sample of DNA is amplified by using Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCR. In a method described as Short Tandem Repeat Analysis, it is examined to find how often base pairs repeat in specific locations or loci on a given DNA strand. These can be dinucleotide, trinucleotide, tetranucleotide, or pentanucleotide repeats; that is repetition of 2, 3, 4, or 5 base pairs. Very often, the investigator looks for tetranucleotide or pentanucleotide repeats in the DNA sample. The likelihood that any two individuals( except identical twins ) will have the same 13-loci DNA profile can be as high as 1 in 1 billion or greater.

BIOMETRIC FACIAL RECOGNITION TECHNOLOGY :

Every face has numerous distinguishable landmarks, the different peaks and valleys that make up facial features.

Every face has numerous distinguishable landmarks, the different peaks and valleys that make up facial features. These landmarks are known as nodal points. Each human face has approximately 80 nodal points. Distance between the eyes, width of the nose, depth of the eye sockets, the shape of the cheek bones, the length of the jaw line and other features are used as nodal points. These nodal points are measured creating a numerical code called a face print, representing the face in the database and comparison is made between images of face. 2D or 3D image of a person’s face uses distinct features of the face where rigid tissue and bone is most apparent, such as the curves of the eye socket, nose, and chin to identify the subject. Unique templates are created from measurements between key points on the face and these measurements provide identification of the individual.

SKIN BIOMETRICS – SKIN SURFACE TEXTURE ANALYSIS :

: The uniqueness of Skin Texture offers an opportunity to identify differences between identical twins.

: Surface Texture Analysis creates a Skin Print by using local information about skin texture at various points on the surface.

The Surface Texture Analysis algorithm operates on the top percentage of results as determined by the Local feature analysis. This method creates a Skin Print and performs either a 1:1 or 1:N match for verification or identification. It can identify the differences between identical twins.

IDENTITY, INDIVIDUALITY, AND CONSCIOUSNESS :

Man describes his identity in terms of his personal name, age, gender, race, ethnicity, place of origin, language, religion, political, occupational, or social affiliation. In reality, the man is an association of trillions of individual cells. The human organism is a conscious being and the function called consciousness achieves functional unity of all these individual cells and works for the benefit of the individual who always maintains his individuality. This is possible because individual cells have the ability to recognize the presence of other living cells in their environment and display functional subordination to serve the purpose of the whole organism.

Dr. R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India,

M.B.B.S. Class of April, 1970.

Life and Death – a Changing World and Unchanging Reality (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
The Truth About Self – “i Am Consciousness” (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)

DEFINING INDIAN IDENTITY – THE BRAHMAN CASTE CONNECTION

Posted on April 21, 2011 by Bhavanajagat

DEFINING INDIAN IDENTITY – THE BRAHMAN CASTE CONNECTION :


: Lord Krishna explains the concept of CHATURVARNA ASHRAMA, the Three Modes of Material Nature and the Four Divisions of the Social Order: The Bhagavad Gita, Chapter IV, Transcendental Knowledge, verse 13,”Chaturvarnyam Maya srishtam guna karma-vibhagshah”

THE ORIGIN OF CASTE/VARNA SOCIAL ORGANIZATION OF INDIA :

I would be totally surprised if I meet a person of Indian origin who has no personal experience of the Caste/Varna system of India. I am glad to share some of the views presented by Dr. Premendra Priyadarshi in his attempt to explore the origin of Caste in India and the comments from Sri. Ram Gopal, Sri. M K Dhar, and Sri. Bala N. Aiyer on this subject. A mantra or hymn that is found in Rig Veda, Purusha Sukta ( also found in Yajur Veda, Chapter 31 ) is often quoted; “Brahmano-asya mukhamasid, bahurajanyah Kritah; Urutadasya yad- Vaishyah, paadbhyam Shudro- ajayat.” Lord Brahma is the Creator and humanity is described as taking birth from four different parts of the body of the Creator; the Class known as Brahmanas( the priests, religious thinkers, ascetics, and others ) take birth from the Face of the Lord, the Class known as Kshatriyas ( the warrior classes and clans ) take birth from the arms of the Lord, the Class known as Vaisya ( the traders, farmers, and others ) take birth from the thighs of the Lord, and the Fourth Class known as Sudras ( a variety of people with varied social occupations mostly intended to serve the rest of the Society by rendering manual labor ) take birth from the feet of the Lord. This Mantra may create four different Classes of people who have designated social occupations and support the social structures and institutions by their contributions.

THE THREE MATERIAL MODES OF NATURE AND THE FOUR DIVISIONS OF THE SOCIAL ORDER :

The Bhagavad Gita, Chapter IV ( TRANSCENDENTAL KNOWLEDGE ), verse 13, speaks about Varna or Color of people to describe the Four Classes and says: “Chatur varnyam maya srishtam gun karma – vibhagshah.” Lord Krishna states that the Four Classes of people describe His Creative potency called “MAYA” which is a POWER/FORCE/ENERGY that can cause an ILLUSION and mask the true nature of Man. The Creation of Four distinct Varnas or Classes has been attributed to the three modes of material Nature; man acts under the influence of “GUNAS” or modes of material Nature known as Sattva( the mode of Goodness ), Rajas( the mode of Passion ), and Tamas( the mode of Ignorance ). These Four primary distinctions between people are related to occupation and more importantly to the modes of behavior and conduct which could vary from time to time. The Chaturvarnas or the Four Divisions or Classes of the Social Order have been described as under:

1. The intelligent class of men called Brahmins are situated in the mode of Goodness.

2. The administrative class of men called the Kshatriyas are situated in the mode of Passion.

3. The mercantile class of men called Vaisyas are situated in the mixed modes of Passion and Ignorance.

4. The laborer class of men called the Sudras are situated in the mode of Ignorance.

Lord Krishna, the Creator does not belong to any of these divisions who form the human society as He is transcendental to this system of the Four Varnas or Colors caused by the influence of the modes of material Nature. In Indian tradition, these Classes existed in a flexible manner and people were treated with great respect according to the merits of their actions. The word ‘VARNA’ does not refer to the skin color or ethnicity of the individual and it describes the qualities and certain behavioral characteristics of the individual.

THE ROLE OF CHATURVARNA SYSTEM IN INDIAN MYTHOLOGY AND EPIC POETRY :

IDENTITY AND SOCIAL CONFLICT:The Maha Bhagavata Purana narrates the legend about Lord Vishnu’s sixth Avatara or reincarnation known as Lord Parashurama, Rama with Axe. This story may depict the strife or conflict between the two Classes of society in pre-Buddhist India. Caste Identity could become a source of Social Conflict. People of the Land of India or BHARAT need National Identity and National Individuality.

The Bhagavata Purana narrates the story of Lord Parasurama( in Sanskrit the meaning is Rama with the Axe, the Weapon of His choice ), the sixth Avatar or reincarnation of Hindu God Lord Vishnu. His legend reflects the strife between the two Classes of Society, the clashes between the Brahmins and the Kshatriyas, in pre-Buddhist India. In the epic poem of Ramayana composed by Maharishi Valmiki there is no description of strife between different Classes of people. The story of Ramayana very dramatically describes the internal contradictions, the conflict of interests among members of the same royal family and the consequence of this domestic strife and disorder caused the hero of the story, Lord Rama to live in exile for fourteen years. To begin with, there was no rift or conflict between the Kingdom of Ayodhya and the Kingdom of Lanka that was ruled by Ravana. The climax of the story was that of killing Ravana in an epic battle for he had abducted Princess Sita from her forest dwelling. Ravana, a powerful ruler had not attempted to attack the Kingdom of Ayodhya or Kingdom of Mithila, the House to which Princess Sita belonged prior to her marriage to Lord Rama. Rama’s problems were imposed upon Him by the members of His royal family, the people who belonged to His Caste and clan. Similarly, in the epic poem of Mahabharata ( The Great epic of the Bharata Dynasty ), the struggle and the strife involves the members of the families of Kauravas, and Pandavas. These were children of King Dhritarashtra and King Pandu sired by Sage Veda Vyasa, the author who had composed the epic poem of Mahabharata. This story describes a family feud and sibling rivalry. There is no evidence to suggest that the Chaturvarna System had caused conflicts or strife between the Four Classes of the Indian Society. However, in India, during its long course of history, the Society developed a Caste based social structure where people simply inherited the Caste by birth and had lived with no further control on their birth Identity. Foreign occupation, and foreign conquests, and foreign rulers had exploited these divisions in the Social Structure to their advantage and they continue to do so to promote their vested interests in India such as the religious conversion of the people to access political power and to destabilize the country by attacking its Social fabric.

THE COLORS OF INDIA : NATIONAL IDENTITY vs CASTE IDENTITY :

The national flag of India is popularly known as ‘TIRANGA’ or ‘TRICOLOR’. The Saffron or subdued Orange represents Courage, Sacrifice, and the Spirit of Renunciation. The White represents Purity, Peace, and Truth. The Green stands for Fertility, Prosperity, and Faith. The Blue Chakra, the 24-spoked Wheel symbolizes the Wheel of Life in Movement and Death in stagnation. It is the same as the DHARMA CHAKRA or the Wheel of Law found in the Saranath Lion Capital of Emperor Ashoka the Great.

DEFINING INDIAN IDENTITY – THE BRAHMAN CASTE CONNECTION : The Flag of Indian Army Medical Corps: Dull Cherry is the Color of the Royal Army Medical Corps and is associated with Positive Health, Succor, and Freedom from Disease. Black is the Color of Indian Hospital Corps and it is associated with formless state of creating birth and death. Old Gold is the Color that represents Indian Medical Services which existed in India prior to 1943. The Color symbolizes Sun God or AESCULAPIUS, the God of Medicine.

I would not rank myself as a great patriot, but like several other young students, during my life spent as a student, I was inspired by the colors of India’s National Flag popularly known as Tricolor or TIRANGA. The deep Saffron or subdued Orange Color represents Courage, and Sacrifice. The White Color represents Purity, Truth, and Peace. The dark Green Color stands for Fertility of the Land, Prosperity of the People, and the Faith. The Blue Chakra, the 24-spoked Wheel symbolizes the Wheel of Life in Movement and of death in stagnation. This is also the Wheel of Law or the DHARMA CHAKRA found in the Saranath Lion Capital of Emperor Ashoka of Mauryan Dynasty. Communist China’s brutal attack on India’s Himalayan frontier during 1962 had initiated a desire to defend India from foreign conquests.

DEFINING INDIAN IDENTITY-THE BRAHMAN CASTE CONNECTION : Vishwa Yuvak Kendra – International Youth Centre, Chanakyapuri, New Delhi sponsored a four-week long National Student Seminar on National Integration during June 1967. I was selected to represent the State of Andhra Pradesh in this National Seminar while I was a student at Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool City, Kurnool District, Andhra Pradesh. The National Seminar gave me the opportunity to define a National Identity and National Individuality that is not derived from any Identity that is related to one’s Region, Religion, Language, or Caste.The idea of Nationalism involves the creed that fidelity to one’s Nation-State is more important than fidelity to individual/personal interests. The Spirit of Nationalism involves an emotion or state of mind in which the individual feels that his Supreme Secular Loyalty is owed to the Nation-State.

DEFINING INDIAN IDENTITY – THE BRAHMAN CASTE CONNECTION : The interviews for the grant of Short Service Regular Commission in Indian Army Medical Corps were held in the Office of Dr. D. Bhasker Reddy, M.D., the Principal, Kurnool Medical College during the year 1969.

DEFINING INDIAN IDENTITY – THE BRAHMAN CASTE CONNECTION : My desire to project a National Identity at the cost of my birth Caste Identity was opposed by Dr. Sripada. Pinakapani, M.D., who had served as the Professor of Medicine & the Superintendent of Kurnool Government General Hospital until August 1968. My desire to formulate a marital social relationship ignoring my Hindu Identity was also opposed by Dr. A. V. Narayana Rao, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics & Gynaecology.

DEFINING INDIAN IDENTITY – THE BRAHMAN CASTE CONNECTION : Dr. Sripada Pinakapani, M.D., Professor of Medicine & the Superintendent of Government General Hospital, Kurnool is born Hindu – Brahmin, Telugu-Speaking, and belongs to Srikakulam District of Coastal Andhra Pradesh. He had obtained his M.B.B.S. degree(1938) and M.D. degree(1945) from Andhra Medical College, Visakhapatnam from where Dr. R. Anjaneyulu, my paternal uncle had also obtained his M.B.B.S., and M.D., degrees. Dr. Sripada Pinakapani had served at Madras Medical College from 1944 to 1949 where my maternal grandfather, Dr. Kasturi. Narayana Murthy, M.D., had served as the Professor of Medicine. Dr. R. Anjaneyulu, M.D., Professor of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, B. J. Medical College and Sassoon Hospitals, Pune, Maharashtra State had come to Kurnool Medical College during June 1970 to officiate as an external examiner in the Post-Graduate degree examination. During that visit, Dr. Sripada Pinakapani had influenced and inspired my paternal uncle to prevent me from serving in Indian Army Medical Corps as it involved a desire to project a National identity while compromising my Brahman Caste Identity. My decision to serve in Indian Army is combined with a decision to have a marital social relationship with a Kurnool Medical College student who carried the Christian religious Identity.

To serve, and to defend the Tricolor Flag of the Republic of India, I had joined the Indian Army Medical Corps while I was a Final M.B.B.S.( Part-I) student at Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool of Andhra Pradesh State in India. The Dull Cherry Color of the Army Medical Corps( AMC ) Flag represents the Color of the Royal Army Medical Corps and is associated with positive health, succor, and Freedom from Disease or “SARVE SANTU NIRAMAYA”, the Motto of AMC. The Freedom from Disease Motto of AMC could not give me Freedom from Social Conflict because of the clash between loyalty to the National Identity and my birth Brahman Caste Identity.

I had attended ‘The Advanced Training in Paediatrics Course at Armed Forces Medical College, Pune from December 1975 to April 1976. I was disqualified and was posted out during May 1976. I have no hesitation to describe this sordid episode as “BETRAYAL OF NATION.” This disqualification was the result of an Unholy Brahmin Alliance in Pune that joined hands to undermine my fervent desire to serve the Nation.

SPIRITUALISM AND IDENTITY – THE CONFLICT AT ARMED FORCES MEDICAL COLLEGE PUNE : This is the photo image of the letter that was sent to Pune University communicating the fact of my disqualification(Advanced Training in Paediatrics Course) in a Screening Examination that was held at AFMC Pune during April, 1976. I am not blaming Lieutenant Colonel S P Kalra, the Chief of the Department of Paediatrics for this disqualification. He had disqualified me in one component of the Screening Examination, the Oral test he had given. He had no control or jurisdictional power over the results of the other two components( Written Examination and Practical Examination) of the Screening Examination. He had simply reacted to the rudeness displayed by the Dean, Faculty of Medicine, Pune University to a simple request that I had communicated to the Dean on behalf of Naval Army Medical Corps Officer Captain Sachdeva, the Professor of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, AFMC Pune.

Byramjee Jeejeebhoy Medical College Pune – The Unholy Brahmin Alliance at Pune : The Disgraceful, Dishonest, and Infamous Phone Conversation between two Brahmins of Pune recorded during April, 1976; 1. The Commandant of AFMC Pune, and 2. The Dean Faculty of Medicine, Pune University, the Emeritus Professor of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, B. J. Medical College and Sassoon Hospitals Pune. I heard to this Phone Conversation at my paternal Uncle’s Office in the Sassoon Hospitals. Both parties of this phone conversation had agreed to share lies about the results of the Screening Examination that was held at AFMC Pune during April 1976 and both had agreed not to further investigate the matter and ascertain the real facts and assessment of my performance in the Written and Practical Components of this Screening Examination. Both the parties knew the reason for Lieutenant Colonel S P Kalra’s displeasure and had decided not to intervene and provide him with a reasonable response to a simple, verbal request that he had asked me to communicate to my Uncle, the Dean.

WHO AM I ? WHY AM I LIKE THIS ? :

In the epic poem of Ramayana, in Book Six, Yuddha Kanda, Chapter(Sarga) 117, verse 11, Rama who spent 14 years in forest exile and had to kill King Ravana to rescue Princess Sita had inquired : “I think of myself to be a human being, by name of Rama, the son of Dasaratha. You, as a gracious Divinity tell me, Who am I? and Why I am like this?”

I would not equate myself with Lord Rama. As a human being, if I have to explain as to Who am I and Why am I like this, I have to look at my Brahman Caste Connection. Lord Rama’s life journey was influenced by the actions of the members of his royal family. The experience of my life journey is shaped by my Brahman Caste Connection.

THE PAST IS NEVER PAST :

William Faulkner (1897-1962), was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature during 1949. His novel titled ‘Requiem for a Nun’(1951) has his famous quote: “The past is never dead. It’s not even past.” I define Who I am and Why I am like this from my experience, the past flowing into the present. The divisions in the Social Order, the Social Rankings, the social distinctions and hierarchical social structures exist among all animal groups and among human communities all over the world. Each individual would experience his identity that is defined by the nature of the social group in which he exists. If I am described as a person of Brahman Caste, it is neither unique, nor special. If there is uniqueness, or distinctiveness about this Brahman Caste Identity, it should be revealed by sharing the experience of this Identity.

“JISH DESH MAIN GANGA BAHATI HAI” – THE LAND WHERE GANGES FLOWS :

This River GANGA or GANGES is adored by people across the Land of India or Bharat. Mother Ganga defines my National Identity and National Individuality. The Brahman Caste identity which I received at my birth has undermined my ability to express my National Identity and National Individuality.

If I had cherished the idea of serving the Tricolor Flag of India, it is not a product of my Chaturvarna Caste experience. This idea is inspired by a variety of factors such as the geography of this Land known as India, the history of its people, and the history of its subjugation by foreign military conquests. I was selected for the grant of Short Service Regular Commission in the Indian Army Medical Corps during 1969 and the selection was not influenced by my Brahman Caste Identity or Connections. I was granted Direct Permanent Commission in the Indian Army Medical Corps during March 1973 and that selection is not a product of my Brahman Caste Identity. However, I had resigned and relinquished my Direct Permanent Commission during 1983. This act of Resignation from Service in the Indian Army is the product of my Brahman Caste experience. My departure from India during 1984 with a desire to stay away from India is also a product of my Brahman Caste experience. My ability to serve in Uniform with Dignity and Honor, and my Spirit to defend my Country got extinguished by my Brahman Caste Experience.

HUMAN CONTRADICTIONS – THE SOURCE OF SOCIAL CONFLICTS :

DEFINING INDIAN IDENTITY – THE BRAHMAN CASTE CONNECTION : I belong to the Brahman Caste by virtue of my birth and my social relationship with this group of REBBAPRAGADA Family & its members. There is Social Conflict on account of the Social Contradiction between my Caste Identity and my desire to project a National Identity and National Individuality in my Social Relationships. To confirm my desire to acquire a National Identity and National Individuality, I had pledged my allegiance to the Republic of India and had further demonstrated this shift in my loyalty by deliberately choosing a marital social relationship with a person belonging to Christian community. This choice made during 1969 had provoked a reaction in the form of a direct verbal warning and a written threat to undermine or compromise my ability to serve in Indian Army Medical Corps. I was asked to change my mind or accept the risk of losing my job. I had delayed the implementation of my decision until I was selected for the grant of Direct Permanent Commission in the AMC Examination that was held in September, 1972. The problem of my Indian Identity had followed me after I left India during 1984. When my father died during October 2009, I had no valid Indian passport to make a trip to India. His younger brother was unwilling to provide his name and address to be used as a reference to enable me to file an application for a new Indian passport.

Indian Identity and Brahman Caste Connection: The Ladies of Rebbapragada Family are witnesses of my Brahman birth Identity. However, this Caste-Connection could not help me to file my application for a new Indian Passport while I moved out of India and started living in Ann Arbor, Michigan, U.S.A. My aunt who lives in the United States stated that I could pose a risk to her safety if she were to provide her name and address on my application for Indian Passport. When my mother died during September, 1998, I had no valid Indian passport to make a trip to India.

A STORY OF BETRAYAL AT AFMC PUNE AND MINISTRY OF DEFENCE NEW DELHI :

Lieutenant General Biruduvolu Durga Prasada Rao( B.D.P. Rao ) served as the Commandant( in the rank of Major General ), Armed Forces Medical College(AFMC), Pune during 1975 – 1976 while I had attended the Advanced Training in Paediatrics Course at AFMC. The term ‘betrayal’ describes an act that helps the enemy of one’s country. I have no hesitation to state that the deliberate decision to disqualify me and post me out of AFMC Pune was not made to serve the cause of our Nation. The Brahman Caste Connection undermined my ability to complete this Training in Paediatrics.

DEFINING INDIAN IDENTITY – THE BRAHMAN CASTE CONNECTION : Ministry of Defence, Government of India, South Block, New Delhi: Lieutenant General V V S Pratap Rao, the Director General of Armed Forces Medical Services, during 1982-1983 had successfully completed the job of “BETRAYAL” that was initiated by Major General B D P Rao, the Commandant of AFMC, PUNE during April-May 1976. They had finished a Job that the enemy that I had faced during the India-Pakistan War of 1971 could not accomplish. I had participated in a difficult military operation(OPERATION EAGLE) in the Chittagong Hill Tracts and had faced the enemy without carrying my personal weapon. Fortunately, at that time, I was in the company of the men of my Unit with whom I had shared a Spiritual relationship and accepted the challenge to fight on behalf of my Nation as a proud member of a Team, the Unit that was my Family.

Lieutenant General V V S Pratap Rao was the Director General of Armed Forces Medical Services during 1982 – 1983 when I submitted my letter of Resignation from Service to the Government of India, Ministry of Defence. General B D P Rao, and General V V S Pratap Rao were the two very high-ranking Officers of Indian Army Medical Corps that share my Brahman Caste Identity. I had never spoken to these two individuals and never had a direct, personal contact or interaction with these two very Senior Officers of the Indian Army. My experience of Service in Indian Army got transformed because of interactions between my Brahman relatives and these Army Generals, the top brass of the Indian Army Medical Corps. None of them have shared my passion and my spirit to serve in Indian Army with Dignity and Honor. Clearly, their actions and interactions because of their Brahman Caste affiliation had no element of the Spirit of Nationalism which had drawn me to embrace a career in Indian Army. The course of my life’s journey got changed. It is not within my ability to change my Identity. If I am free to choose, the freedom is about the destination of my life’s journey. I hope to arrive at that destination by simply surrendering my Brahman Caste Identity. I believe that I am a created being. Indian Tradition has instructed me that I am born out of the face of the Lord. The experience of that Brahman Caste has transformed the purpose of my life. If life is viewed as a voyage across unknown Sea, to reach the Shore, to arrive at my destination, I have chosen to surrender to the Feet of the Lord.

DEFINING INDIAN IDENTITY – THE TRADITION OF FEET WORSHIP :

BRITNEY SPEARS AND BRAHMAN CASTE CONNECTION : Britney Spears visited the Hindu Temple in MALIBU, California to receive the blessings for her four-month old baby. She was graciously received by Mr. Nadadur Vardhan, the President of Southern California Hindu Temple Association. Mr. Nadadur Vardhan is a South-Indian Tamil Brahman and my maternal uncle, Kasturi. Jagannadha Rao who lived in Lafayette, LA had introduced me and had established a Brahman Caste Connection between two of us. I was not lucky like Britney Spears. My maternal uncle and Mr. Nadadur had worked together to seal my fate. I am still waiting for LORD’s Mercy, Grace, and Compassion.

I have narrated the story about my experience of the Tradition of Feet Worship while on a train journey from Rajahmundry to Lucknow Cantonment during July 1970 while I was on my way to report for duty and join the BMOC 20/70 Course(Basic Medical Officers Command Course) at the Officers Training School, AMC CENTRE AND SCHOOL, Lucknow. Paada Vandanam, Paada Sevanam, Paada Archanam, Paada Namaskaram, or the literal worship of FEET is the Indian Tradition and it inculcates a sense of humility. The very essence of Indian Culture is about teaching humbleness and the practice of humility. We humble ourselves in front of God, various images or idols, and in the same manner, we humble ourselves in front of parents, teachers, elders, people in authority, masters, and the variety of objects that we worship including stones, cows, trees, plants, rivers, Sun, Moon, and others. We often touch the feet of the person to whom we want to show respect. If Shudras have born from the Feet of the Lord, those Feet are my ultimate Destination. Those are the Feet I seek for myself as my final refuge. If my understanding of Indian Culture is correct, man is saved by seeking the protection of Feet and not of any other part of God’s body. We have stories, and hymns that exclusively praise the value of adoring Lord’s feet. Is there a greater honor other than the opportunity to touch the Feet or seek the dust that the Feet have touched?

While interviewing army recruits at Army Ordnance Corps Centre, Secunderabad, I met a young recruit whose caste was shown as “BALMIKI” and it specifically refers to the person we know as Poet Valmiki, the author of epic poem of Ramayana who belonged to that Bhil-Kirat Caste Community. The thought that passed in my mind was that of seeking the same Identity for myself. I had asked myself as to how I could get the same caste designation and call myself “BALMIKI”. Being born of Feet is a great Blessing and having taken birth from the face of the Lord, I learned a lesson. Now, I understand that the Feet of the LORD GOD represent my Salvation.

Dr. R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,
Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India,
M.B.B.S., Class of April, 1970.

Biographical Information :

1. Place of Birth: MYLAPORE, Madras City, Chenna Patnam, Chennai, Madras State, Tamil Nadu, India. Born HINDU( Brahmin – Niyogi – Smartha ), Telugu-Speaking.

2. Date and Place of Marriage: 29 January, 1973. Congregational Town Church, Cuddapah, Kadapa District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

COMMENT FROM SRI. RAM GOPAL :

It is regretful that many of our Hindu activists are blaming Hindu scriptures without having gone through them. The present birth based Varna (Caste) system is against the letter and spirit of our Vedic teachings. Kindly see my following article which will remove most of the prevailing misgivings on the subject.

Evils wrought by birth-based Caste system and remedy :

Protagonists of the birth-based caste system, quote the following Mantra of Rigveda’s Purush Sukta, (also found in the Yajurveda, Chapter 31), “Brahmano-asya mukhamasid bahurajanyah kritah/ Uru-tadasya yad-vaishyah paadbhyam shudro-ajayat”. They interpret it to mean that the Brahmins are born out of Brahma’s mouth, the Kshatriyas of Brahma’s hands, the Vaishyas (traders and farmers) of Brahma’s thighs, the Shudras of Brahma’s feet and, therefore, the Brahmins are the most respectable because of their birth as such. And, similarly, Shudras born of feet are lowly and despicable or untouchables. A close examination of the quoted text will reveal how fallacious are the claims attributed to the Vedas in support of birth-based caste system and for giving a lower status to the Shudras.

Purpose of Varna-Ashram Dharma

The purpose of the Varna (Caste) Dharma and the Ashram Dharma, [set of dutiesassigned to or accompanying each caste and those assigned to or accompanying various stages of life, namely, Brahmcharya (Learning stage), Grihastha (Family life), Vanaprastha (Life preparatory to retirement from family life) and Sanyas (Life ofcomplete retirement, devoted to public good)], is to enable a person to have good health, prosperity and peace in the present life and Moksha after death. Seeing the deplorable condition of Hindus as a nation or society in the global context, it is necessary that we take another look at our caste system and our scriptures to find out where we have failed.

Defects of birth-based caste system

History shows that one of the major causes of Hindu defeats was the degenerate birth based caste system. Under this system, fighting was confined only to a small section of the Hindu society called, “Kshatriya”. In numerous successive wars, continuing since the fall of the great Gupta empire in the 7th century, most of the Kshatriyas got killed. There was no fresh recruitment. By the 15th century, the depleted fighting forces of Kshatriyas or Rajputs, as they were called at the time, lost all hopes of defeating the ever increasing Mohammedan forces. So, as soon as the Mughal emperor Akbar offered the hand of friendship, they made compromise. Many of them offered their sisters or daughters in marriage to the Mughal dynasty. Maharana Pratap of Mewar was the only patriotic Rajput, who refused to submit to Akbar and continued his fight. He had to enlist Bhils and other Backward class people to raise his army. One businessman, the famous Bhama Shah, provided him the money. When Shivaji in Maharasthra and Guru Gobind Singh in Punjab stood up in revolt against the oppressive Islamic rule, they had to face the difficulty of raising their armies. Both of them had to make recruitment from the low castes Hindus (now called Dalits or OBCs). Both gave them the status of Kshatriyas. The same problem, in a greater degree, faces the Hindu society today. There is a great need of finding ways and means to augment the ranks of true Kshatriyas and true Brahmins.

What do Hindu scriptures says?

Thanks to the printing press of the modern age, the holy Vedas are now easily available to common man. First point to note is that the Purush Sukta of the Rigveda consists of 16 Mantras. The opening Mantra perceives the human society as one huge organism, having a thousand heads, thousand eyes, thousand feet which existed in the past, exists today and will exist in the future. Unlike the mortal human body, the human society is permanent. In Mantra 11, a question is raised, “Which is the face, which are the arms, the thighs and the feet of this great Person?” Mantra 12, quoted above, answers, “Brahmins form his face, the Kshastriyas form his arms, and the same way the Vaishyas (farmers and traders) form his thighs and Shudras form his feet”.

It is very clear that, in Vedic view, the Arya or the present Hindu society, composed of Brahmins (learned ones), Kshatriyas ( Kings and warriors), Vaishyas (farmers & tradesmen) and Shudras (service classes), was a compact whole. All were interlinked and functioned in close cooperation. This meaning is also in consonance with thousands of Vedic Mantras which pray to Almighty and invoke various gods (devatas) to let all live together, eat together, enjoy together, pray together, progress together, fight the evil forces together, and work for global peace together. The message is clear that weakening or malfunctioning of any one organ of the society will cripple the whole body. However, if the head (Brahmin class) stops working or goes berserk, the whole body is dead. That may be the reason for the Brahmin getting the first place among equals. It does not mean or signify a master and slave relationship. In tune with this very Vedic pronouncement, Lord Krishna says in the Geeta, (chap.4/13), “Chaturvarnyam maya srishtam gunkarma-vibhagshah”, (I am the creator of the fourfold human society according to aptitude and profession). There is no reference to birth, either in the Rigveda or the Geeta.

In his great treatise, Arthashastra, Kautilya, the Prime Minister of Chandragupta Maurya, (4th century BC), says that (Hindu or Vedic) polity rests on four branches of Vidya (Knowledge & practice), namely, ‘Anvikshiki’ (philosophy of Sankhya, Yoga and Lokayat – Public relations); Trayee (the three Vedas); Varta (agriculture, trade, cattle breeding): and Dandaniti (system of crime and punishment). Through all these, a State or nation makes acquisitions, keeps them secure, makes improvements and distributes the fruits among the deserving ones. To sustain such a complex organisation of humanity, the earlier mentioned chaturvarni (four fold) social order has been prescribed. This social order must necessarily be profession based, not birth-based. So, in one of his Sutras, Chanakya says, Acharvan vineeto-akulinopi-aaryah, a person of proper code of conduct and gifted with modesty should be considered a man of noble birth, even if he comes from a low family, (KPA Menon’s “Kautilaya’s Arthashastra”, p.259, published by Rashtriya Sanskrit Sansthan, New Delhi).

The instances of Rishi Jabala of unknown father, (Chhandyoga Upanishad), Rishi Matang born of lowly parents, Mahrishi Ved Vyas, (author of the Mahabharata), born of a boats man’s daughter, and many such others, show that the birth based caste system crept into the Hindu society much later. The Manusmriti (200 BC-200AD), chap. 10/65, says: “Shudro Brahmanatameti, Brahmanashchetu shudrataam/ Kashtriyajaatamevam tu vidfyadvaishyatatathaiva ch, (through education and training, a Shudra can become a Brahmin, and, devoid of these, a Brahmin can also become a Shudra, a Kshatriya or Vaishya, as he may be fit for). It is a matter of research at which point of time, the element of birth was introduced in the above quoted Vedic mantra and Varnas became birth-based. This birth-based caste or Varna system has done great harm to the Hindu society during the past 2,000 years.

Number of Varnas (Castes)

The Vedas talk of only four Varnas. The Manusmriti also speaks of four Varnas, no fifth (Panchama, chap.10/4). With the passage of time each Varna multiplied into various off-shoots. In addition, some new Varnas, like Kayastha, Bhumihars (Bihar), Bhatia, et al, and their sub-divisions also cropped up. The total number of all these castes and sub-castes is surely in hundreds and may be over a thousand. Incidentally, in his comprehensive history of Vaishya community, (Vaishya Samudaya ka Itihas) in Hindi, Dr. Rameshwar Dayal Gupta has listed 354 sub-castes of Vaishya community alone. Even this does not appear complete because I find many south Indian sub-castes missing.

GOTRA

Gotra is a unique feature of Hindu society and has been, for long, an important factor in matrimonial matters. It is believed that every Hindu is a descendant of one or the other Rishi (sage). Descendents of the same sage have a common Gotra, for example, Kashyapa, Gautam, Garg, etc., etc. Thus, marriage within the same Gotra is prohibited in accordance with the following shloka of the Manusmriti, (chap.3/5): “Asapinda ch ya matu-r-asagotra ch ya pituh/ Sa prashasta dwijatinam daarkarmani maithune”, (Among the Brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas, that girl is best to be taken as a wife or for sex who is not a Sapinda (blood relation) on mother’s side and does not belong to the same Gotra on father’s side). Up to the Mahabharata age, inter-Varna (inter-caste) marriages were common, but marriage within the same Gotra was prohibited. At some stage in the post Mahabharata period, marriage out of one’s Varna(Caste) became anathema, although the above shloka does not bar inter-Varna or inter-Caste marriage.

The Mahabharata, (Shanti Parva,/chap. 296), says that originally there were only four Gotras, namely, Angira, Kashyap, Vashisth and Bhrigu. Matsya Purana names 8 Gotras – Bhrigu, Angira, Marichi, Atri, Pulah, Pulastya, Ritu, and Vashisth. Shatpath Brahmin, (older than Mahabharata), names seven Gotras – Gautam, Bhardwaj, Vishwamitra, Jamdagni, Vashistha, Kashyap and Atri. Based on these and other ancient texts, scholars have deduced that, up to the Mahabharata period, there were 8 Gotras. They also found that Boudhayan, a ninth century commentator, gave the number of Gotras 500 while a later book, “Pravar Manjari” of the medieval period talks of 5,000 Gotras.

In his well researched work “The People of India”, (about 1910), Herbert Risley, (an ICS officer) has given names of main castes, sub-castes under each head of Brahmin, Kshatriya, Vaishya, Shudra and others as in the 19th century. Similarly, he has explained Gotras under the following 5 heads, (1) Totemistic (based on names of animals, flowers, plants, rivers, etc), (2) Great personalities (based on sages or kings), (3) Territorial (based on names of areas or places), (4) Titular or nicknames (like Hazari, Deshmukh), and (5) Local or Tribal (limited to few small areas).

Need to go back to Vedas

The earliest religion on earth, the Vedic Dharma, (the original name of Hindu religion) and Vedic culture took birth in the Indus valley, in the foot-hills of the Himalayas and spread throughout the Indian sub-continent and beyond in Western, Central and South-East Asian countries. It was a period when Varna (Caste) system had not become birth based. Since, it became birth-based and rigid, defence of the country, India, that is Bharatvarsha, became a responsibility of the Kshatriya caste alone. As a result, weakening of India’s defence set in. Along with it, Vedic, that is Hindu Dharma, also started receding. So much so that even the birth place of Vedic Dharma, the Indus Valley, together with its adjoining areas up to West Punjab and East Bengal turned into an Islamic country, before our own eyes in 1947.

It may be recalled that, after repeated attacks from 7th century AD, the Islamic forces from West Asia first occupied Hindu kingdoms lying across Indus (Sindh) river, that is, Afghanistan and Baluchistan, subjugated Punjab and established a firm Islamic rule in northern India at Delhi in 1192 AD. The victor, Mohammed Ghori of Ghor, did not stay here. He appointed his trusted slave General, Qutb-ud-din Aibak as his Viceroy to rule over his conquered territory in India. Qutub-ud-din founded the slave dynasty which extended the Islamic rule up to Gujarat in the West. This dynasty was ousted by Khiljis of Turkish origin in 1290 AD. The Khilji dynasty was subdued by the Tughlaqs. The Tughlaqs were replaced by Sayyids and the latter by Lodi kings of Afghan origin. They too got vanquished at the hands of Babar, who was half Turk and half Mongol. He founded the Mughal dynasty, which ruled up to 1857 AD, when the British, a European power, established its supremacy on Hindus and Muslims both. It would be observed that since 1192, India’s political power passed from one Muslim dynasty to another Muslim dynasty up to 1857, when the British took over. During this entire 800 year period, Hindus – the original nationals and rulers of Hindusthan – made no fruitful effort to replace the oppressive Islamic rule by Hindu Rajya, meaning governance according to Vedic ideals. They were content with their localized dynastic principalities, paying tributes to the Mughal kings or the British Crown.

Consequent to world war II, all European colonial powers, including the British, withdrew from their respective colonies. In that process, India also got Independence in 1947, but only after ceding one third of Hindusthan to Muslim fanatics to make Pakistan. Not only that. Their collective stupidity and cowardice, born out of birth based caste prejudices and detachment from Vedic teachings, led them to adopt a Constitution which made their share of the country, India, a Composite State, (instead of a Hindu State), letting Muslims and Christians have an upper hand in the State policy on the pretext of safeguarding minority interests.

From 1881 AD, the British had started ten-yearly census. Each successive census up to 1941 showed Hindu population declining and Muslim population multiplying. It was then attributed to the anti-Hindu and pro-Muslim British rulers. In 1947, the British left India in Hindu hands. What did the Hindus do? The declination of Hindu population and multiplication of Muslim population has continued with a vengeance. Analyzing the 1991 and 2001 census figures, political pundits have forecast that the Muslims will gain a majority in Hindu India by the close of this century. The fact, however, is that the political influence of the Muslims even now, when they form just 14 per cent of the total population, outweighs that of Hindus, who make 82 per cent. It seems that as and when the Muslims reach the number 25 per cent, they will force at least 50 per cent of Hindu India to be made Islamic, resulting in mass killing and persecution of Hindus as in the years before and after Partition.

The only way of Hindu survival is Hindu unity, but that is impossible without following the true Vedic teaching, de-linking castes from birth and allowing fresh entries in Hindu religion and Hindu society. History shows that, in pre-Islamic period, foreign invaders, like the Greeks, the Shakas, the Huns, and others, who settled in India, adopted Hindu religion and became important part of the Hindu society. In fact, they added to the dwindling force of Kshatriyas, called Rajputs, who made the front line defenders of Hinduism against subsequent Islamic invasions. The Tait-riya Aaranyaka, 8-1, (a branch of Yajurveda), says: “Om sahnavavatu, sah nau bhunaktu, sah veeryam karvavahe/Tejaswinavadhitamatu/Ma vidvishawahe”, (O, Lord (Parmeshwara)! May we together protect ourselves with love and affection among us: May we together make use of this material world: May we together enhance the power and efficiency of one another so that our efforts bring meritorious success: With your blessing, let us bear no jealousy against one another). This prayer would be meaningless if the Vedas had envisaged the existing type of birth-based caste distinctions.

The day Hindu Dharmacharyas decide to delink Caste distinction from birth, the doors will re-open for fresh entry in Hindu Dharma and Hindu society in terms of the Vedic edict “Krinvanto vishvam-aaryam”, (Let us convert the whole world into Arya). Some skeptics have opined that it does not mean conversion. In this context, it will be useful to refer to the full text of the Mantra which reads: Indram vardhanto apturah krinvanto vishwama-aryam apaghnanto aravnah”, Rigveda, 9-63-5, (Increase your energies, extend them far and wide, make the world Arya and destroy the evil doers). Here, Arya means one who follows Vedic dharma and is a member of Vedic society. It cannot mean anything else. Vedic texts refer to three categories of people: (1) Arya (Vedic people), (2) Anarya (Non-Vedic people, for example, various Tribals) and (3) Dasyus or Rakshasas (the rogues and enemies). Thus, this Mantra, in its entirety, means convert as many non-Aryas as possible to Arya-fold and destroy the enemies. With this very interpretation, Vedic (Hindu) religious preachers and teachers (Rishis and Munis) could convert large numbers of people to Hindu religion in India and abroad. Traces of Hindu religion are found in abundance in South East Asia, (Indonesia, Malaysia, Cambodia, Thailand, etc.), and to a lesser extent in Western and Central Asia.

Now, it is up to Hindus themselves, their religious and political leaders, to follow the faulty interpretation of the Vedic texts and get gradually extinguished or change according to their correct meanings. Relying on the true meaning of the holy Vedas, the six Shastras and authentic Upanishadas, Swami Dayanand Saraswati of the 19th century had vehemently opposed birth-based caste system, supported conversion of non-Hindus to Hindu fold, and lent support to India’s freedom struggle. Following his teachings, the Arya Samaj converted thousands of non-Hindu religionists to Hindu (Vedic) religion. Of them, many became staunch preachers of Hinduism. The work of Arya Samaj was hampered after Independence, firstly, because of opposition from the “traditionalists” and “secularists” and, secondly, because of internal dissensions in the Arya Samaj itself on personal grounds, which divided it into a number of antagonistic camps.

Comment from Sri. M K Dhar :

Varna and caste system have been created by Brahmin and Kshatriya and certain intermediate caste Hindus. There is an interpolation the Gita: Chaturvarnang Maya Sristhang Gunayi Karmah Vivhagasha= I have created four varnas according to guna and karma. How can God do that dividing his creation into varnas. He did not create varna system for the flora and fauna creations.

Manu is said to be a rishi who gave preponderance to Purusha Sukta that indicate from which part of the body of Brahma which class of people were originated. That is sheer madness of the powerful people in the society for perpetuating slavery of the lowly placed and less privileged people. Manuvad is the real enemy of unity of the Hindu people. Hindu society should be One- but we have weakened ourselves by creating SC, OBC etc castes and Shrenis. Fathers of our Constitution should have abolished this demonic system while framing the laws. But they followed the old social practices and British policy of segmenting the Indians. Now we are threatened by Muslims because they know that damn Hindus would never unite and stand as a solid united vs
challenge to Islamist advancement to India.

If our and next generations do not reform the damned caste and class system we would be doomed as a nation. Let us burn the sasthras that divide the Hindu society.

Comment from Sri. Bala N. Aiyer :

Origin of Caste by Dr. Premendra Priyadarshi :

This is a wonderfull explanation and study of Caste problems.

My own few words on this is as follows.

Varna is often mistaken for Kula and Jaathi and even people who know about this refuse to undertand or accept this

mainly for political purpose and get all the benefits of society in the name of Jaathi and Varna.

60 years of trying to eliminate the Jaathi name has not solved their problem and just got worse.

All us know and understand that Varna as in Purushasooktha and in Dharmasastra is different from Jaathi, now called Caste.

Varna is by Guna and in-born desires and ability to do the kind of work in a division of labor. Caste is purely by birth.

Before all discussions, we must first understand the Hindu [Indian] Society from ancient times and how they were organized and divided through traditions.

We must read the new genetic theories of the Indian Society which shows that ALL Indians are genetically same, all men carry similar Y Chromosome,

as different from all communities outside India and have two types of female [Mitochondrial DNA distributed all over the sub-continent.

Now, the division of society is by: VARNA, JAATHI, KULA, GOTHRA, REGION OF RESIDENCE, SAMPRADHAYA, LANGUAGE [AS MOTHER TONGUE] AND FAMILY TREE.

Here varna and Jaathi are different. What we are talking about is Brahmana Kula with the few Jaathis in it and NOT Brahmana Varna. [I know I am confusing you].

We have tall people and short people, light colored and dark colored, brilliant and intelligent and dull ones, rich and poor in every group and every state and in every Kula & Jaathi.

While 70% may be poor in SC&ST, about 60% are poor among Brahmins and other “upper Classes” – or even equal. There are more poor ones among Brahmins in this subgroup.

The four Varnas are interchangeable by Guna, education and in-born qualities – and not by birth alone. All Varnas are of equal status, not one superior to other.

there was never a fifth [untouchable] but the kings punished some Brahmana and Kshatriya for disobedience. But Kulas go by sampradhaya, traditions and culture.

Among Jaathis, which is only birth based, we must feel all are of equal status, but within that Jaathi some may be higher than some in status by their education and achievement [individually -not as a family]

If you consider all these and feel that you are just equal to all other Indians, there will be no problem. Now, among the various segments of the Brahmana Kula [and jaathis]

if we all get together for common cause and support, there is nothing wrong with that. 60 years of independence and 100 years of reform movements have not eliminated the Jaathi problems in India

because people did not see this differences and unity at the same time. The problem is some felt superior to others and some felt insulted by that.

If you eliminate that all Jaathis and Kulas can survive well. This is an organization of a society that evolves over centuries and can not be erased.

ORIGIN OF CASTE BY DR. PREMENDRA PRIYADARSHI :

I have recently uploaded my new article on origin of caste. It is basically a collection of quotes from authorities like Basham 1967 and Srinivas 1967, and also Romila Thapar 2002 (who had a change of mind at the end of her life).

The resoned view of these scholars is that caste and Varna are absolutely unrelated, and no attempt to fuse or confuse the two should be made.

I hope this will broaden our information about hisroy of caste.
http://www.scribd.com/doc/52693533/Origin-of-Caste

Post Script:
After reading this article one of my friends asked “Can we ignore the Purusha Sukta?”
Some friends asked about Chandal in pre-Muslim periods.

Reply is :
We cannot and should not ignore the Purusha Sukta. That is about Varna. And we are talking about caste here, not varna. Caste is caste. And varna is varna.

Chandal was there at the time of Buddha, and Buddha died after eating uncooked pork at the hand of a Chandal. But authorities opine that Chandal cannot be equated with modern “untouchable” castes. Chandals were often those people who had been excommunicated from society because of some heinous crime, like rape or murder etc. Other chandals were those who were excommunicated because they ate dog’s meat etc., or were violent people (Chand =cruel; in Persian Jallad is a cognate of Sanskrit Chandal).

But the untouchable castes of the modern times were untouchable by the reason of birth or heridity. This type of untouchability definitely started after 1000 AD. Basham clearly writes that Huen Tsang had not noted the type of caste system we see today. Megasthanese also has not mentioned such things.

Al-Biruni mentions caste system in Iran during Khusarow’s reign, who made it mandatory for everyone to follow the profession of the caste which one inherited from parents as a result of birth. Old Testament mentions divine orders, if one marries outside caste, one may be killed. Such caste system we never had in India. (Jat Panchayats have although done something like that recently).

We need to delink caste with varna in our minds, that is what the quoted scholars want to say. What Purusha Sukta says is about Varna, not caste.

Varna in not compasorily ”endogamous” and “heriditary”, whereas “caste” by definition is an “endogamous heriditary” unit of society. Any class is not caste. Otherwise we can say that when we classify towns, we are talking about castes of town. Classes will always be there in all societies at all times. Varna was a term used for class in ancient India.

Manu also does not mention “jati”. To confirm this I went through all the verses of Manusmriti in original. The translations ahve however used the word “cast” for “varna” in English, something which has been considered wrong by Srinivas and Basham, and many more authorities.

It is interesting to note that while we get definite caste system only after Muslim arrival in India, such systems had been there in other nations long back. In Iran it had been there for at least since sixth century BC. When did it start in Japan, we do not know, but caste and untouchability persist even today in Japan, Sri Lanka and many other nations.

I do not wish to raise any finger on any other country or religion, because if I point one finger to others, the three fingers turn to me. Yet it is important that we should be aware of the fact that caste (especially untouchability ) has existed outside India much before it was noticed in India.

See Korean untouchability in this link:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baekjeong

And the famous Burakumin untouchable group in Japan. Caste system was banned in Japan by Meiji in 1871. Yet it exists.
http://www.iheu.org/untouchability-japan-discrimination-against-burakumin

http://www.suite101.com/content/burakumin-a88427

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burakumin

And in Sri Lanka:
http://asiarecipe.com/sricaste.html

In Thailand Buddhism, there is a different type of caste system. In that system, they have created a special paid class “Thai Brahmana Priest” who is responsible to perform ‘sanskaras’ in each individual’s life. These Brahmanas perform Vaidic rituals to the Buddhist householdersa, like death rituals etc.

http://www.mahidol.ac.th/thailand/brahmans.html

http://www.bangkokpost.com/news/politics/34596/blood-rites-spark-off-holy-row

http://cultureandreligionofthailand.blogspot.com/2007/09/kwan-duan-ceremony.html

And see how Thai Royal Family patronizes Hindu rituals and Brahmanas

http://www.earthportals.com/Portal_Messenger/chariotgalyani.html

The Truth About Self – “i Am Consciousness” (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
Spirituality – Soul, Consciousness and the God-connection (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
The Science of Consciousness (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
Defining Indian Identity – What Is Love? (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)

SPIRITUALITY – SOUL, CONSCIOUSNESS AND THE GOD-CONNECTION

Posted on February 2, 2011 by Bhavanajagat

: Image via Wikipedia

THE STATUS OF MAN IN NATURE :

The First Book of Moses, The Old Testament Book of Genesis describes the story of Creation; in Chapter 2, verse 7, it narrates man’s creation: “And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living soul.”

The Book of Genesis, Chapter 1, verse 27:"So God created man in His own image; in the image of God He created him; male and female He created them."

MAN IS A CREATED BEING :

: Man is a created being. Spirituality explores the connection between man and his Creator. The Trimurti at Elephanta Island Cave Temples near Mumbai, India represents God as the Creator(Brahma), the Preserver(Vishnu) and the Destroyer(Shiva).

MAN IS A SPIRITUAL BEING :

The status of man in nature describes man as a created object; a new object, one of its own kind, distinctive, and unique. The principle of Creation
involves the use of inspiration and imagination as opposed to the view proposed by the Theory of Evolution. The fundamental issue is about understanding man’s status in nature. Did man come into existence by gradual changes caused by random and unguided events called genetic mutations? Or, does man actually exist in nature because of his relationship with other objects present in his living environment? What defines man’s existence? What establishes the reality of man’s physical existence? Should we focus on the changing form? Alternately, should we give attention to an unchanging relationship that is a prerequisite for the existence of all life forms? If an object cannot come into its state of existence, how could that object get a shape or form? In the context of a discussion about man’s existence in nature, I state that man is a created object, and hence man
exists as a Spiritual being. The term Spirituality describes the nature of this connection between man and His Creator. Soul is the immortal part of man as distinguished from his body; it is the vital principle which moves and animates all Life. Soul may represent the essence of a human being, it could be the quality which confers individuality, humanity, and the moral nature of man. I divide man into two categories; the first category is called the ‘SELF’ which represents man as a physical, mental, and social being; and the second category is called the ‘KNOWING-SELF’ which represents man as a moral, and spiritual being. These two categories function together and the functional unity of the human person is an attribute of a neuro-biological function called Consciousness. Man’s physical being is represented by a changing external or morphological appearance and while the physical Identity is constantly changing, the unchanging Individuality is supported by man’s spirituality or the nature of his constant spiritual relationship.

THE ETERNAL REALITY OF SOUL’S IMMORTALITY :

Ajanta Caves near Aurangabad, Maharashtra State, India, Fresco-type wall painting- Man's spiritual dimension describes man's humanity, moral nature, individuality, and Consciousness.

Religious thinkers have further defined Soul as that part of the individual which partakes of divinity. People of all races, cultures and religions would like to investigate the nature of this God-Connection as they perceive the world and the universe in which they exist as a fact of Creation. I need to find evidence that would fundamentally deny the fact of Creation.

MAN IS A SOCIAL BEING :

French philosopher Auguste Comte(1798-1857) coined the term Sociology. He believed that the scientific study of social organization would make possible a reconstitution of the social order based on principles of moral progress.

Apart from being a created Physical being, man is recognized as a Social being as he displays social instincts and social behaviors in all of his activities. A rudimentary understanding of Sociology or Theories of Social Science would clarify this matter. Social instincts and Social Behaviors are seen in all animals including bacteria. At a cellular level, the social function is called ‘Association’. Man is an association of trillions of cells. Each human organ and organ system represents an association of cells that display functional subordination to perform selective tasks. Life is just impossible without social structure and organization.

MAN IS A MORAL BEING :

Man is a Spiritual being and is endowed with Moral nature. James Tissot in his painting captures the essence of man. The Book of Matthew, Chapter 27 verses 3-5 narrate the story of Apostle Judas Iscariot and his moral failing that caused the dissolution of his biological existence-"When Judas who had betrayed Him, saw that Jesus was condemned, he was seized with remorse and returned the thirty silver coins to the chief priests and the elders. "I have sinned," he said,"for I have betrayed innocent blood." So Judas threw the money into the temple and left. Then he went away and hanged himself."

Man is an individual who exists in a social group. At the same time, man is a Moral being, as he displays moral behavior even when he is corrupt. Man displays the ability of Repentance for his thoughts, for his actions of commission and omission. Man has the ability to admit his sins, express remorse and may often punish himself for his sinful conduct. Man experiences grief for his actions that are sinful. Man actively searches for solutions for his sinful conduct. Man cannot sustain his biological existence if he had morally failed. A famous example would be that of Apostle Judas Iscariot, the betrayer of Jesus.

MATTER, ENERGY, AND KNOWLEDGE :

Greek philosopher Aristotle had observed that corporeal substances are composite of two principles, form and matter. What is called matter is potentiality, what is called form is actuality. The totality of things have been divided in various ways. The three fundamental distinctions are 1. the distinction between the natural and the supernatural, 2. the distinction between the material and the spiritual, and 3. the distinction between the lifeless and the living. When we make the distinction animate/inanimate, living/non-living, and inorganic/organic, a question arises about the nature of that distinction. The difference, is that one of kind or degree? The Mechanistic View claims the continuity of nature in terms of the universality of purely mechanical principles. I have defined Life as ‘Knowledge in Action’. Please view the blog post at http://bhavanajagat.wordpress.com/2010/08/05/what-is-life-life-is-knowledge-in-action/

I define Life as organization of matter with implanted supernatural Knowledge. The establishment of supernatural Knowledge in matter decribes the operation of ‘God Principle’, Spirit, or Soul. Life comes into existence when matter and energy come together with the establishment of ‘God Connection’.

LIFE AND CONSCIOUSNESS :

Amoeba proteus, unicellular, protozoan organism is conscious or aware of its own state of existence. It has the abilities of Motion, Nutrition, and Reproduction. All of its living functions are goal-oriented. It responds to its environment and survives adverse environmental conditions by a process called encystment.

The basic characteristic of a Living Cell or organism is the presence of consciousness. I recognize a cell as a Living Cell if it displays functions that characterize the presence of awareness or consciousness. The Living Cell or Living Object need not be aware or conscious of the Subject who may be investigating or observing the properties of that Object. The Living Object need to be aware of its own existence and its condition called Living. Atoms and molecules display their properties and interact according to the Laws of Physics and Chemistry. Living organic molecules show individualistic behaviors under experimental conditions that could be repeated and be verified. The Living Cell is very selective and it responds in a variable manner to physical and chemical stimuli. It can communicate or send signals to other Living Cells present in its environment. It responds according to its internal condition in relation to the environment in which it exists. The interactions of non-living physical matter are not goal-oriented. The interactions of Living matter are goal-oriented and they specifically achieve the purpose of sustaining, preserving, defending, and continuing the Living functions.

MAN IS A MORTAL, PHYSICAL BEING :

Man is a mortal being who must eventually die. When Lazarus died and was laid in a tomb for four days, Jesus performed a miracle and Lazarus came back to life from death. The Book of John, Chapter 11, narrates this event. In verses 41 and 42, Jesus said,"Father, I thank You that You have heard Me. And I know that You always hear Me, but I said this for the benefit of the people who are standing here, that they may believe that You sent Me." The risen Lazarus had eventually died.

LIFE AND DEATH IS A CONTINUOUS PROCESS :

When does Life begins? When does Life ends? Life always comes into a state of existence from a previously existing Living Cell. Life and Death is a continuous process and is recognized by the presence of Consciousness and Individuality.

When does Life begins? When does Life ends? Every Living Cell is derived from a previously existing Living Cell. Life has not experienced the final event called DEATH. Life continues its act of Living through a function called Reproduction. A given species is considered to be totally extinct only if there is no surviving member to represent that particular species. Death is a programmed event and it gives meaning to the Identity of a Living Object. The dissolution of a single Living Object should not obscure the fact that Life is a continuous process. Life continues as Living Objects get new Identities. It is very reasonable to expect that Life would continue after the death of a given Living Object. People all over the world are a witness to that simple and direct observation. During the Life-Death continuum, the connection between the Creator and the created Living Object is manifested by the biological function called awareness or consciousness. The presence of Soul is evidenced by the presence of consciousness. As long as the Soul is functioning and is united with the physical being, the presence of consciousness could be detected and could be verified.

THE SOUL AND GOD CONNECTION :

All types of Living Cells with or without nucleus represent thermodynamically unstable systems. Without a continuous input of energy a Living Cell will degrade spontaneously into a nonliving collection of molecules. Biological existence is possible because of an association or connection, or partnership between energy seeker and energy provider.

There has been no clearly defined and universally accepted metaphysical conception of the term Soul. It is a term rarely used with precise definition in philosophy, religion, or common life. In this discussion we face the problem of using words to which no definitive meaning is attached. If I make an attempt to define the word ‘God’, you may even speculate that I may belong to a new religious order. We need to come to a consensus even if an entity called ‘God’ does not exist. We need to formulate a view, a hypothetical view about Soul and test that hypothesis by countering it with a skeptical hypothesis. The Science called Physics deals with the properties, changes, interactions, etc. of matter and energy in which energy is considered to be continuous. In the ultimate analysis, matter is a representation of its energy content. The Science called Biology deals with Life and Life processes. While Life is made up of physical matter, Life processes are not explained by simple mechanistic interactions. However, I am willing to use the principles, the methods, and the tools used by Physics. Molecular Biology explains biological events by studying the molecules within cells; the molecular basis of genetics – Nucleic Acids and its relationship to energy cycling and replication. If this universe is seen as matter and energy, I would define God as the Controller of Force/Power/Energy. All living things are essentially made up of the same kind of living matter and yet they appear to be different. Life could be attributed to ONE common principle which has the ability to be simultaneously different. Each living object comes into a state of existence as a new object, as an original object, one of its own kind, unique, and distinctive. This morphological variation is an attribute of the organic molecules that establish the phenotype or the physical identity of that living organism. Physics provides those powerful tools to see the molecules and to recognize their individualistic behavior. Life comes into existence using a creative principle, and creative mechanisms that need inspiration, and imagination apart from the use of simple mechanistic laws. If Life is governed by the Law of Individuality, I would define God as a Creative Force/Power/Energy.

Life is a condition that describes Synchronized Existence, the synchronization of activities, the connection between energy dependent life functions and its Source of Power.

A majority of these life forms that we know and have studied, have synchronized their state of existence with an event that produces alternating periods of light and darkness while that source of light is not being turned ‘on’ and ‘off’. Rather we are forced to experience the effects of an illusion. Sunrise and Sunset is the reality that governs a majority of Biological Rhythms that control the life processes. Illusion is the necessary condition for the biological existence of Life. If Earth’s rotational spin generates this illusion, God uses Force/Power/Energy to cause illusion. In the universe that exists today, to the extent we have verified; there are no two identical celestial objects that exhibit the same rotational spin. In this context, it may be said that the Force/Power/Energy called God has created Earth to provide a home to the life forms that He has created as Individuals. These life forms have the ability called reproduction and yet lack the ability of producing two identical new objects. Sexual or Asexual reproduction always results in the production of new Individuals which could be easily verified by using the Biometric Identification Technology. Even the clones, sharing identical genomes, in reality exist as individuals. This Individuality when investigated by the tools supplied by Physics, it is discovered that the organic molecules behave as Individuals and man is not able to modify that behavior. Under the same experimental conditions, the molecules behave as individuals. When we examine the nature of this biological existence, it indicates that life processes are supported by the provision of energy from an external source. The Living Cell is a thermodynamically unstable system. This means that without a continuous input of energy a Living Cell will degrade spontaneously into a nonliving collection of molecules. This lack of energy independence would direct us to define God as the Power/Force/Energy which delivers Compassion/Mercy/Grace which helps energy acquisition by energy dependent living organisms. Life forms on planet Earth exist depending upon an extraterrestrial source of energy or Cosmic Power/Force/Energy. Life exists because of its ability called ‘Association’. The act of associating, the state of being associated; the companionship, the fellowship, and the partnership is the defining feature of the State or Condition, or Act of Living. Association or patnership between energy seeker and energy provider could be described as God-Connection. Organisms that are single do not live as single cells but develop association with other single cells to form distinct Colonies. Organisms that are multicellular represent an organization of individual cells that are associated having common interests, purposes, sensations, etc., Since association has a purpose, in the context of biological existence, the association or connection, or partnership between the energy seeker, and the energy provider is a meaningful event and not a simple, mechanical, physical event governed by the Laws of Interactions between Matter and Energy. There are Four Fundamental Interactions and they do not regulate or define this Interaction between Living matter and the Cosmic Force/Power/Energy. Living matter uses and exploits energy in a creative manner to build organic molecules and to break down organic molecules. The life processes are very similar and yet the results are totally different. While using energy mostly following a similar metabolic pathway, each organism supports its identity and individuality.

WHO HAS ESTABLISHED THE CONNECTION BETWEEN AUTOTROPHS AND HETEROTROPHS? The creative mechanism to trap Solar Energy describes implanted Knowledge to formulate the connection between autotrophs and heterotrophs.

In mitochondria, many substances(food) are oxidized and ATP, the energy-storing chemical of the Cell is produced. The most important equations for living things are mutually inverse. Respiration of humans, and Cellular Respiration represents the reverse of Photosynthesis.

SOUL AND DEATH :

The idea of ‘Soul’ always comes in the context of Death. If man is immortal, we will not be spending our time and energy discussing to verify the existence of an immortal principle. The human subject has a limited life span and it arouses a sense of curiosity about the existence of something that could defy Death. I am trying to define the word ‘Soul’ in a manner to promote an understanding that ‘Soul’ is immortal if we look at man as an Association of individual living cells. We need to establish the Identity of that Individual for whose purpose or interest this Association of Individual living cells exists. If we think of Death as a final event, it is not supported by factual evidence. In this Association, death is a daily event. We simply fail to acknowledge this daily event as there is an immortal principle that is escaping this death experience. The Individual thinks that he is alive and sustains his Individuality without getting overwhelmed by the dying process that is continuous. While the human organism is changing its external appearance and identity all the time, the Individuality survives if ‘Soul’ the vital, or operating immortal principle is functioning. The issue or question about ‘transmigration’ of Soul would not arise if every living organism exists strictly as an Individual with an Individuality. As stated before,man has no choice and he must always exist as an Individual even when we use Reproductive Genetic Engineering Technology to produce identical clones with the same genome. The dissolution of matter may not change the Law of Conservation of Energy. If Soul is defined as the God Connection that gives the ability of energy acquisition, the Soul when removed from a physical object to which it has given Individuality, would operate as per the commands of the Controller of Force/Power/Energy. It provides the possibility of carrying the impressions of a previous state of existence into a new state of existence with a new identity and Individuality. During the life span of a given Individual, an association of cells in which death is a daily event, Soul is a continuous principle as its purpose and interest is to maintain Individuality of that Individual.

SOUL AND THE LIVING CELL :

I define man as a physical, mental, social, moral, and spiritual being as I define the term ‘health’ as the physical, mental, social, moral, and spiritual well-being of the man in his environment and community and not merely as absence of disease. This definition of ‘health’ would help me to provide ‘comprehensive health care’ in my role as a Primary Care physician. Specialists and Super specialists provide health care in specific areas involving an organ or an organ system.

Jean Paul Sartre had stated that Nothingness(Non-thing or Neant) is a condition of not having Being and yet it is supported by Being. Nothingness comes into the world by the Being-for-itself. The Conscious Knowing-Self or the Essence of man is preceded by the Subjective Reality of physical Existence.

I attach my ideas to some ideas expressed by others. Sartre is a well-known person. He had won the Nobel Prize for literature but declined to accept it. I may not totally agree with him and his views about consciousness. He had stated his view in a manner that people can easily understand. He makes a distinction between objective things and human consciousness. He claims that consciousness is a ‘non-thing’(‘neant’ or nothingness ) and its reality consists in standing back from things and taking a point of view on them. Because consciousness is a non-thing, it does not have any of the causal involvements that things have with other things. If you stand before a mirror, the reflection exists only if it is supported by the presence of a physical being or thing. If the physical thing is taken away, the reflected image is gone but the reflective surface retains its ability to reflect the images of things.

THE BIOLOGICAL MEMBRANE AND CONSCIOUSNESS :

The Biological Membrane is not a simple physical barrier separating the Living Cell from its environment. The Protoplasm or Cytoplasm, the Living Matter uses its Biological Membrane with a sense of awareness or consciousness which recognizes the fact of its existence and the fact of something present in its environment.

In a Living Cell, consciousness reflects its external environment and its internal condition or internal environment. The Living Cell knows, it is aware of its state, fact, and act of its Living. The Living Cell makes contact with its environment by using a cell membrane, a biological membrane, or a bio-membrane. If you carefully look at some of the functions of this membrane, you would discern that the Living Cell has consciousness or awareness of these functions. The Biological Membrane behaves in a conscious manner and it is not a simple, physical barrier between the Protoplasm, the Living Substance and its environment. If the term ‘soul’ describes a vital principle, or a source of Knowledge, it provides the information with which these functions could be performed. Some molecules and ions can freely move across this Bio-membrane and some are actively pumped in or out of the Cell that involves expenditure of energy. The Living Cell has the ability to recognize the condition of its nucleus, if the DNA is damaged, the Cell can initiate a process and cause its own dissolution.

Red Blood Cells display functional subordination to serve the purpose of the Whole Organism. Functional differentiation, and Functional Unity are important to support the existence of the Subject or Individual who is in reality an association of trillions of cells.

In multicellular organism, the consciousness works both at the level of each individual cell and to establish the functioning of the organism as an individual unit. Without functional unity, the organism cannot maintain its biological existence. Cell differentiation is the process by which the individual cells use adaptation to perform specific tasks. Red Blood Cells perform specific tasks.

THE NEURO-BIOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF CONSCIOUSNESS :

Reticular Formation of Brain Stem has connections with almost all other parts of the Central Nervous System and it helps to coordinate and integrate actions of different parts of the CNS. It is important for Behavioral Arousal, and the Capacity for Consciousness.

In the human Brain Stem, several neurons, and nuclei which are in an area called Reticular Formation are functionally adapted to compose the contents of human consciousness. The Reticular Formation gives the Capacity for Consciousness. The contents of this consciousness are read in the cortical areas of the cerebral hemispheres and described as Cortical awareness. Most philosophers, most of the psychologists, and several of the religious thinkers pay attention to this Cortical awareness and describe that as human consciousness. We tend to ignore the fact that there would be no Cortical awareness unless there is a Capacity for Consciousness. Most recently, the surgeons had removed the complete left cerebral hemisphere from a child to stop convulsive seizures. The child is alive, fully conscious, and hopefully would continue to live in future with some neurological deficits. Just like the human heart which has four different muscular chambers and each has a function of its own; we need to understand consciousness by knowing its components. We need to use separate terms to distinguish these different components. There would be confusion if a term is used without attaching a specific meaning. Cortical awareness is important and is very interesting and yet man can exist and survive with minimal cortical awareness. We have seen children with severe degrees of mental retardation, and they can keep their biological existence if they retain the ability to Compose Consciousness. I want to designate the upper Brain Stem as the Seat of Consciousness and the word consciousness itself must describe the functions of the Brain Stem which are most important for man’s biological existence. A man is clinically dead in the absence of these Brain Stem functions involved in the Capacity of Consciousness. In Clinical Medicine, the term conscious is often used to measure the degree of Arousal or Cortical awareness and hence this subject matter would remain confusing for a long time. If a subject is unconscious, I would not issue a ‘death certificate’. In Clinical Medicine, the term used is ‘Brain Death’ and when Brain Death is diagnosed, the human person for all practical purposes is dead. I would suggest that we must use the term ‘Unconscious’ specifically to indicate the Brain Death which is diagnosed by testing the Brain Stem Reflexes. If the human person is viewed as a single physical thing or object, the integration of functions is achieved at the Brain Stem( Reticular Formation), and he maintains his individuality throughout his physical existence only when this part of the brain is functioning. If you like the term individual soul or Jeeva Atma, its existence is a reflection of this function. To see a reflection, we need two things; the physical object and a reflective surface. The quality of reflecting objects may depend upon presence of Knowledge. It is not known if this particular kind of knowledge exists as organic molecules; however, it is very well understood that most of the knowledge to perform a variety of biological functions is contained in organic molecules and the most well-known group of these organic molecules are known as DNA. There are Viruses which can function with RNA. Hence, there is still a possibility of finding organic molecules that could be associated with the functional ability called consciousness, awareness, cognition, recognition, responsiveness, perception, memory, intelligence, and association. The most important aspect of ‘association’ is ‘God Connection’ and without this function of ‘association’ man cannot keep his biological existence.

Consciousness is awareness of existence, the facts that relate to the state or condition of existence. Behavioral Arousal and Cortical awareness of thoughts, feelings, and sensations is an important component of total Biological Existence.

IDENTITY AND INDIVIDUALITY :

The Eternal Reality of Soul's Immortality is described in The Bhagavad Gita, Chapter II, verse 12. Lord Krishna spoke to the Pandava Prince Arjuna :"Na tv evaham jatu nasam na tvam neme JanadhipaH;Na chaiva na bhavisyamaH, sarve vayam ataH param." For each of us our Individuality existed in the past and our Individuality will continue in the future without interruption. Certainly, never at any time did I not exist, nor you, nor all these Kings and certainly never shall we cease to exist in the future.

The issue of spirituality, the nature of Soul and consciousness must be explored in the context of arriving at an understanding of man’s Identity and Individuality. If man is viewed as an association of trillions of cells, we need to know the Identity of that Subject who lives because of the functions of the trillions of cells. The purpose of consciousness at cellular level is to foster functional unity of the multicellular organism and to establish it as an Individual. In a multicellular organism, cells have short lives as individuals. The Subject or the whole organism has a life span of its own and it has effects on individual cells. Multicellularity is accompanied by adaptive subordination of all cells to the requirements of the organism as a whole. To achieve proper numerical balance between functionally related cell groups, the death of many cells is necessary for other cells to reach maturity. This programmed cell death plays an important role in embryological development. Such programmed cell death events are essential if the organism as a whole is to develop its normal final form. Waves of genetically driven cell deaths are critical to the proper modeling of organs and organ systems. We need to know and understand that death of cells is a must to establish the Identity and to sustain the Individuality of the human being. The dying process helps man to understand his Individuality. The Individuality is preserved while death is a daily event at the cellular level. The phenotype or the morphological appearance of the human Subject undergoes constant change during the Life journey and yet the Individuality remains unchanged. We recognize the death of this human Subject when his Soul departs from his body. Soul may be stated as an entity which is regarded as being immortal or spiritual part of the person. The Spirit of a dead person generally refers to a principle separate from the body and leading an existence of its own. If Soul is viewed as a Non-thing or Nothingness, it comes into the world of existence by entering the physical being at its conception which becomes conscious or aware of its existence. This consciousness has also existed in a previously existing Living Egg Cell which is the Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge. Consciousness by its very nature is immortal, it is eternal, and it has no birth or death. We recognize the arrival and departure of the new product during the Life-Death continuum where the Individuality is unaffected by the changes that are caused by the powerful influence of Time.

Dr. R. Rudra Narasimham, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

Kurnool Medical College, Kurnool, Andhra Pradesh, India,

M.B.B.S., Class of April, 1970

The Divine Mother of Life, Energy, and Knowledge (bhavanajagat.wordpress.com)
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Welcome to Noble Thoughts from All Directions to promote the well-being of man and to know the purpose in Life.

Category Archives: Osmania University, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India

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